Chapter 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter explains various methodologies that were used in gathering data and

analyzing it, which are relevant to the study. The methodologies will include the following parts:

research design, location of the study, participants of the study, research instruments, data

collection procedures, data processing methods, statistical treatments, and a flow chart of

methodology.

3.1 Research Design

This study utilizes a quantitative, non-experimental design using a correlational method

of research to determine writing accuracy and establish a correlation between parts of speech

knowledge and writing accuracy. According to Ary (2006), correlational research gathers data to

individuals on two or more variables and then seeks to determine if the variables are related

(correlated). Correlation means the extent to which the two variables vary directly (positive

correlation) or inversely (negative correlation).

3.2 Research Locale

The researchers will carry out their pilot testing at Tuod Integrated School. It is located in

Barangay Tuod, Manticao, Misamis Oriental. This study will be conducted in the second

semester of the academic year 2023-2024. The researchers will gather the information through a

pre-test.

The actual research environment of the study will actually take place at Tuod Integrated

School. It is located in Barangay Tuod, Manticao Misamis Oriental. This study will be conducted
in the second semester of the academic year 2023-2024. The researchers will gather the

information through a post-test. The researchers chose the place to conduct the study because it

will significantly give them the needed information about assessing understanding on eight parts

of speech and writing accuracy.

Figure 2. The Research Locale

3.3 Participants of the Study

In this chapter, the researcher chose to evaluate the Grade 6 learners at Tuod Integrated

School in their understanding the level of proficiency in parts of speech and writing accuracy. By

selecting these participants, researchers help in enhancing learning strategies for writing

accuracy development. This research is designed to investigate into how well individuals

understand the basic component of English grammar—parts of speech—and to examine the

correlation between this understanding and their ability to write accurately and effectively. The

researchers will employ probability sampling using simple random sampling with the 30 grade 6
learners in one section. The researchers will use the electronic computation using Raosoft with

the margin of error α = 0.05 and with a level of confidence of 95%, the site generated a number

of 28 respondents as the recommended sample size in Grade 6 - Honesty at Tuod Integrated

School in the year 2023-2024.

3.4 Research Instruments

In this paper, the researchers will be using assessment sheet for the data collection from

the Grade 6 learners at Tuod Integrated School when it comes to evaluating their knowledge

about the parts of speech and their writing accuracy. The assessment sheet was developed based

on the objectives of the study. The said sheet consists of sixty (60) items. The first part of the

assessment is a multiple-choice type of test consisting of thirty (30) questions about the parts of

speech. The second part is composed of three sub-parts. For the Part 1, the assessment is

comprised of ten (10) questions about the proper grammar construction, which can be answered

by filling in the blanks. For the Part 2, the assessment has ten (10) questions about the accuracy

of the spelling of words, which can be answered by filling in the blanks. Lastly, is for the Part 3,

where the assessment is composed of ten (10) questions about the appropriate punctuation marks,

which can be answered by rewriting the correct punctuation marks in the correct phrases. The

result and the responses to the survey will remain confidential, and personal information will be

kept secured. All information will not be disclosed in any reports or publications.

For accurate data gathering, the researchers searched for an instrument that is aligned

with the study. The eight parts of the speech's instrument came from the study of Charlie P.

Baguio about "the eight parts of speech grammar practice test," while the proper grammar

construction, accuracy of the spelling of words, and appropriate punctuation mark's instrument

came from the study of ProProfs Editorial Team by Alfredhook3 about "English Sentence-fill in
the blanks quiz." The questionnaires that the researchers looked at were modified by the

researchers, and will be validated by the expert of the discipline. The researchers modified their

research instruments because they found some missing components in the study, such as

questionnaire components and the components of the variables.

3.5 Data Collection Procedure

The researchers prepares a letter of approval to conduct the study which will be

authorized by the Dean of the Teacher Education Program. The researchers modified their

research instruments and will undergo a validity testing from the expert of the discipline. The

researchers will select one classroom where the study will take place. After receiving the

approval from the principal and class advisers of Tuod Integrated School, the researchers will

proceed to collect data. Following this, the assessment sheets are set to be distributed for

conducting the pilot testing. Inside the classroom, the researchers will be highlighting the value

of the respondents' contributions to the study. Next, the researchers will clarify some terms for

the respondents so that they can answer the assessment with full knowledge and authenticity.

The researchers will request the respondents to answer with all honesty. As a final step, the

researchers will collect the answered assessment sheets. In this study, since the researchers’ goal

is to evaluate the understanding of the participants on the parts of speech and writing accuracy

learners, they believe that this method is the most appropriate in choosing the sample for the

research. The researchers undergo a reliability test for the survey questionnaire, check for

validation of the test, and revise in order to conduct actual testing at Tuod Integrated School. The

researchers will gather and total the data for interpretation after the respondents responded to the

questionnaire. The researcher intends to seek advice from a statistician for guidance on selecting

statistical methods and interpreting the data. Hence, from the data collected the researchers can
come up with conclusions and recommendations for this study. The researchers are confident to

conduct this research in a responsible and ethical manner. It will obtain informed consent from

all participants before the research begins. The researchers will ensure that all data is collected

and stored securely and confidentially.

3.6 Data Processing Methods

The researchers uses confidentiality as the ethical consideration of the study. The

information gathered in the study is confidential to protect the profile of the respondents, their

teachers and to prevent any public exposure. The researchers will informed the respondents and

people included in face-to-face interaction. The statistical spreadsheet for the study will be

created using the JAMOVI software. Republic Act 10173 otherwise known as Data Privacy Act

of 2012 is an act protecting individual personal information in information and communications

systems in the government and the private sector, creating for this purpose a national privacy

commission, and for other purposes. The intention of this bill is to protect all information,

including private, classified, and personal information. In this research, it additionally involves

data archiving where it is defined as any information that are gathered before the start of the

research study (University of Virginia, n.d.).

3.7 Statistical Treatments

The researchers considered the following statistical tools for the data analysis of the

study: The problem number 1 will be statistically analyzed using the mean distribution table. The

mean, a number that may be used to describe a collection of data, is a measure of central

tendency. To locate the mean from a frequency table it usually involves organizing a data
collection into a tabular setup. By adding up all the values and dividing it by the total number of

values, the mean

is acquired. The number of values is the total frequency this can be shortened to n (Third Space

Learning, 2024). The formula for this is:

For the problem number 2 it will be statistically analyzed using the percentage distribution

table. A percentage frequency distribution is a data presentation which displays the proportion of

observations for each data point or collection of data points. Tables, pie charts, and bar graphs

are constantly applied to illustrate the percentage frequency distributions. To create a percentage

frequency distribution, taking note of the total number of observations is needed, then counting

the total number of observations within each data point or grouping of data points, and to sum it

all up divide the total number of observations by the total number of observations. The

researchers propose to make use of grouped frequency distributions in this study. The specified

equation to be followed is:

 Lastly, for problem number 3 it will be analyzed using an inferential type of statistical tools

called Pearson r formula and the T test for correlation coefficient. As a descriptive statistic, the

Pearson correlation coefficient enumerates the features of a dataset. It specifically describes the

linear relationship's strength and direction between two quantitative variables. As an inferential

statistic, the Pearson correlation coefficient may also be used to evaluate statistical hypotheses.

In particular, it may determine if two variables have a significant connection or not. The formula

for Pearson r is expressed as:

\𝑟 𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦) − (∑ 𝑥) (∑ 𝑦)

Where, r = Pearson correlation coefficient, x = Values in the first set of data, y = Values in the

second set of data, n = Total number of values.

An analysis of the relationship or difference between two sets of data is done statistically

using a t-test. This is done by comparing the means of two sets of data using the t-test formula

(EDUCBA, 2024). The t-test formula is used for a sample population and relies on the mean,

variance, and standard deviation of the compared data. The following below is the formula:

The formula involves the following variables: t stands for the t value; x1 and x2 represent

the means of the two groups under comparison; s2 represents the combined standard error of the

two groups; and n1 and n2 denote the total number of observations in each group.
3.8 Flowchart of Methodology

ASSESSING THE UNDERSTANDING ON THE

PARTS OF SPEECH AND THE WRTING
ACCURACY AMONG GRADE 6 LEARNERS

Pilot Testing

Grade 6 Honesty

Reliability Test

Mean Frequency

Actual Testing

Data Analysis
 Mean Distribution