Vol. 19, No.

1, April 2022, 41–52

P-ISSN: 1693-5764
Jurnal Budaya, Bahasa, dan Sastra Arab E-ISSN: 2597-8551

(Journal of Arabic Culture, Language, and Literature)

Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary:
Comparison of Digital Dictionary and Printed Dictionary

Asa Qubaila Sitta Zidna Rizqia1, Aninda Nisa Maylana2, Khabibi Muhammad Luthfi3*
1,2,3
Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia

Kamus Arab-Indonesia: Perbandingan antara Kamus Digital dan Cetak

E-Mail Address Abstract

habibi.abeb@staff.uns.ac.id The Arabic-Indonesian Digital Dictionary (KDAI, lit Kamus Digital
*Corresponding Author Arab Indonesia) available in the play store and the Printed Arabic-
Indonesian Dictionary (KCAI, lit Kamus Cetak Arab Indonesia) by
Muhammad Yunus are two dictionaries that provide two languages with
different publications. Digital and printed dictionaries and the
comparison of the two dictionaries based on the ideal dictionary even
though the number of enthusiasts is other. This study uses a descriptive
qualitative approach with the method of literature. The digital dictionary
is the most in-demand one, with 1,000,000 downloads. In contrast, the
print dictionary by Muhammad Yunus is inversely proportional to the
fact that few users know this printed dictionary. The results of this study
are from the type of KDAI and KCAI; there are similarities in nuqṭat al-
iṭlāq and ‘adad al-lughāt. In terms of meaning, KDAI includes a
language dictionary, and KCAI consists of a translation dictionary. The
Keywords lemma part of the second dictionary has a different number of lemmas,
Arabic–Indonesia dictionary; and also, in the explanation of each entry, there are differences. KDAI
digital dictionary; uses a collocation system, while KCAI uses a definition system. Based on
printed dictionary; compiling KDAI using software entry, KCAI uses arrangements based
lexicography on pronunciation.

Introduction
Community problems regarding the need for a dictionary are increasing. This need is allegedly due
to the times and ongoing globalization issues (Maden, 2020). The community’s need for fluency and
perfection of language is also used as a new addition to the world of language. In linguistics or
linguistics under the study or auspices of Arabic itself, it is very polemic regarding the use of
application media and print media as one of the media that can be used as a bridge to facilitate
learning a foreign language (Setiadi, 2015). Of course, it is a public desire to improve the composition
of the language so that the choice of words that are considered polite and the data is understood by
all or most of the interlocutor’s speakers (Octaviano & Sokma, 2019).

Available online at © 2022 The Author(s)

http://journal.unj.ac.id/unj/index.php/jba/index This article is distributed under a
DOI: 10.21009/almakrifah.19.01.04 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
 Al-Ma‘rifah: Jurnal Budaya, Bahasa, dan Sastra Arab, Vol. 19, No. 1, April 2022, 41–52

Currently, dictionaries are ubiquitous, one of which is studying Arabic, which is much favoured
by the public to be reviewed and explored due to the influence of Middle Eastern countries in which
the majority use Arabic as the language of daily communication. Influential factors from the
economy to education are the main reasons Middle Eastern countries can develop today. The
language used is Arabic which for some people is known as a language that is quite difficult to learn
(Sanusi & Haq, 2021). Departing from these difficulties, some people who have previously mastered
Arabic in terms of word selection to sentence or lexical arrangement flocked to change society's
stigma that it would be difficult to learn Arabic. Arabic will be easier if you use a dictionary as an
efficient beginner’s learning medium.
In Arabic, the dictionary term is known as qāmus in the singular and qawāmis in the plural. The
dictionary in Arabic is also called the term mu‘jam. The term qāmus in Arabic has a background
because, in a dictionary, there are several words and their meanings and a variety of information that
is not as small as the ocean that contains various nautical riches. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia
(KBBI, lit ‘Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language’) defines a dictionary as a work that serves
as a reference or reference in printed or digital form that includes words and expressions and can be
arranged alphabetically or theme. There is information about the meaning, usage, or translation.
Dictionary also means vocabulary. According to ‘Aṭṭār (1979), a dictionary is defined as a book that
contains several language vocabularies accompanied by its explanation and interpretation of the
meaning of the vocabulary and is arranged systematically, either based on hijā’īyah letter order
(pronunciation) or theme (meaning).
The dictionary definition above shows that the digital dictionary Arabic-Indonesian, which is
found in the play store, includes the dictionary type. It is based on the dictionary definition according
to the KBBI that dictionaries are not only in print but also digital. The printed dictionary Arabic-
Indonesian (Kamus Arab-Indonesia) by Muhammad Yunus (2018) is also included in the dictionary
category because it follows the dictionary definition according to the KBBI and by Aḥmad ‘Abd al-
Ghafūr ‘Aṭṭār who said that a dictionary is only a work in print. Thus, it can be concluded that some
experts do not include the word digital in the dictionary sense. A dictionary is a reference in which
there are words in the alphabet or a collection of terms or descriptions of information that have a
particular meaning in either printed or digital form (Ukhrawiyah, 2019).
Language is dynamic, so the information provided to you is not entirely complete and occurs
within the system that created the creation. Digital dictionaries and concrete dictionaries also do not
match the meaning of words, such as the word ‫ أخذ‬/akhadha/ in digital dictionaries means “to take”.
In contrast, it means “to steal” in a print dictionary. Therefore, a critical and selective attitude is
needed in choosing a dictionary, especially for academics. Considering that the variations of the
dictionaries themselves have a lot of availability, both from digital dictionaries and print dictionaries,
this varied availability is not proportional to the quality (Octaviano & Sokma, 2019). The dictionary
used as the object of this research is the digital Indonesian Arabic dictionary found on the Google
Play Store. This digital dictionary is the most recommended application on the google play store,
with several downloads of approximately 1.000.000 (Kamus Arab Indonesia, 2021). This application
is expected to represent other digital or electronic dictionaries. Meanwhile, the researcher chose the
Kamus Arab Indonesia (Indonesian Arabic dictionary) for the printed dictionary by Muhammad
Yunus (2015). Therefore, this study is intended to compare dictionaries based on the ideal dictionary
even though the number of devotees is different and to describe the similarities and differences

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Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary:
Comparison of Digital Dictionary and Printed Dictionary

between the two dictionaries. The problem of this research is how the comparison between digital
and printed dictionaries based on the classification of dictionaries, lemmas, and the method of
compiling a dictionary with a lexicological approach.
In this study, researchers found research in line with previous research, including Zahrah et al.
(2021), who analyzed digital dictionaries with a lexicological approach. This study explores the
electronic dictionary on the application in the play store with the highest number of downloads.
Further research by Purmawati (2007) aims to provide convenience to the public related to the
translation of Arabic words and Indonesian words without being limited by space and time and
without mastering the science of ṣarf by using web-based Arabic-Indonesian and Indonesian-Arabic
dictionaries. The web-based dictionary can be used to translate Arabic words into Indonesian words
or vice versa easily and in a much shorter time. There is also research by Sunarti et al. (2017) that aims
to produce a dictionary VIKA (Visualizing by Creation and Action) as a medium for beginner
learners in understanding the meaning of Arabic vocabulary in terms of morphology (ṣarf) and
syntax (naḥwu). On the other hand, research by Khoriyah (2020) analyzes the quality of Google
Translate results from Arabic to Indonesian. The results of this study conclude that google translate
should not be used as a basis for translating Arabic text into Indonesian, especially in translating
verses of the Qur'an and Hadith. A novice translator should prefer a dictionary over using google
translate to venture and improve translation skills.
The difference between this study and previous studies is in the object of research, which
compares the Arabic-Indonesian digital dictionary with the Arabic-Indonesian printed dictionary by
Muhammad Yunus with different numbers of enthusiasts according to the available data. The Arab-
Indonesian digital dictionary enthusiasts downloaded approximately 1.000.000 downloads (Kamus
Arab Indonesia, 2020), while the Arabic-Indonesian printed dictionary by Muhammad Yunus sold
50 books. So, this research needs to be done as a reference for academics in choosing a dictionary.

Method
Comparative research between Arabic-Indonesia digital dictionary (KDAI, lit Kamus Digital Arab-
Indonesia) and Arabic-Indonesia printed dictionary (KCAI, lit Kamus Cetak Arab-Indonesia) is
included in descriptive research with a qualitative approach that is the data obtained are analyzed
using words and narrative. The data of this research is in the form of Arabic -Indonesian digital
dictionary and Arabic-Indonesian printed dictionary by Muhammad Yunus (2018) as well as all
matters related to the application of Arabic -Indonesian digital dictionary and Arabic-Indonesian
printed dictionary by Muhammad Yunus. The several stages in the research process are data
collection, data analysis, and presentation of data analysis (Sudaryanto, 2015).
The data collection used in this study is the documentation method with library research
techniques on the application of the Arabic-Indonesian digital dictionary and the Arabic-Indonesian
printed dictionary. Data analysis in this study used lexicological analysis with the agih method, which
is a method that uses the lingual unit of the language being analyzed or the language itself. In this
study, parts or elements of object language are words, syntactic functions, causality, word syllables,
or others contained in the dictionary. In other words, This research compares digital and printed
dictionaries based on the dictionary type, the entries, including the number of entries, the
composition of the entries, and the advantages of each dictionary. This study also uses an analytical
method with three stages: reduction, data presentation, and concluding. This stage begins with a

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reduction or mapping stage, which includes classifying and grouping data from two dictionaries
collected and classified based on the content and method of compilation of the dictionaries. After
that, it is continued with the data presentation technique, namely using a series of words that contain
information. The final stage of data analysis is to conclude from the information obtained (Miles &
Huberman, 1994). The presentation stage of data analysis in this study uses informal methods by
describing in narrative or words. This study is presented in the form of a written report. Once the
data obtained is analyzed, the last stage concludes any available information.

Results and Discussion

Dictionary Overview
Etymologically, lexicology comes from the Greek word Lexikon which means “speech or word”. The
subject of lexicology is the word or, more precisely, lexicon. According to Kridalaksana (2009), the
lexicon is a language component that contains all information regarding the meaning and use of
words in a language. Lexicology is a branch of linguistics that studies or talks about the meaning of
words. According to al-Qāsimī (1991), lexicology is the study of vocabulary and meaning in a
language or several languages. This science prioritizes its studies in terms of word derivation, word
structure, vocabulary meaning, idioms, synonyms, and polysemy.
Al-Qāsimī did not distinguish the term between lexicology (‘ilm al-ma‘ājim) and the term
vocabulary (‘ilm al-mufradāt). He assumes that both are the same. In other words, lexicology is an
extension of vocabulary science that aims to analyze vocabulary, understand and interpret word
meanings to formulate the meaning of standard and fuṣḥah vocabulary and is worthy of inclusion in
a dictionary. Khalīl (1992) defines lexicology as ‘ilm al-ma‘ājim al-naẓarī, namely the theoretical
study of lexical meaning in a dictionary with a scope of discussion including vocabulary
characteristics, components, development of meaning, and so on. Therefore, sometimes lexicology
is classified as part of semantic science (‘ilm al-dalālah) because the discussion of the two fields is
almost the same. However, the scope of lexicology is more limited to the appearance of dictionaries
and matters related to the contents of the dictionary.
The scope of lexicology includes discussions about the meaning of words and meanings, the
relationship between meaning and words, development, and changes in vocabulary and their
meanings. The science of lexicology cannot be separated from the science of lexicography. The
science of lexicography (‘ilm al-ṣinā‘at al-mu‘jamīyah) is a science that discusses the art and
technique of compiling a dictionary, choosing absorption words (dakhīl), determining word
definitions, discussing the completeness of dictionary components, and other information that
serves to provide information. Correct and easy understanding of the meaning of vocabulary to
dictionary users, such as pictures, maps, tables, and examples of the use of words in sentences, so the
dictionary performance becomes complete and perfect (‘Umar, 1998).
As a product of the creativity of linguists and lexicologists, Arabic dictionaries vary widely,
depending on the purpose of their preparation and relevance to society's needs.
Dictionary lughawī, dictionary specifically addresses the pronunciation or words of a language and
comes with the use of these words. The language dictionary contains only one language, so usually,
the meaning of the word only mentions the synonyms or definitions of the word—for Example, the
al-Munjid dictionary (Arabic-Arabic) and Mukhtār al-Ṣiḥḥāḥ dictionary (Arabic-Arabic).

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Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary:
Comparison of Digital Dictionary and Printed Dictionary

The Indonesian Arabic dictionary application downloaded through the application play store is
an Arabic dictionary that can translate words from Indonesian to Arabic and vice versa. The KDAI
application was developed in 2012, published by Muslim Research and Technology (Ristek
Muslim), Surabaya, and developed by Rama Catur Andy Putra Permana, one of the members of the
Muslim student community in Surabaya. Meanwhile, Muhammad Yunus’ KCAI is a dictionary that
provides Arabic and Indonesian vocabulary courses, written by Muhammad Yunus and published
by the publisher Pustaka Gama in 2015. This dictionary consists of 624 pages with 21.216 entries.
The entries for this printed dictionary are drawn from various commonly used sources.

1. Dictionary Classification
Judging from the type of nuqṭat al-iṭlāq KCAI by Muhammad Yunus and the KDAI application
included in the mu‘jam al-alfāẓ, namely a dictionary which consists of a collection of vocabulary, it
can be seen from the display of the two dictionaries which both provide thousands of vocabularies.
The KDAI application makes it easy for Arabic learners. This application will display a row of
vocabulary when looking for meaning in the available columns. In contrast, the KCAI Muhammad
Yunus vocabulary collection can be seen from a dictionary sheet containing various kinds of
vocabulary (Al-Kasimi, 1977).
The KDAI and KCAI applications by Muhammad Yunus are included in the ‘adad al-lughāt,
which is a bilingual dictionary (Arabic and Indonesian). It can be seen when searching for vocabulary
in the dictionary display provided in Arabic and Indonesian. The Indonesian language and the
language provisions can be seen through the titles of the two dictionaries, namely “Arabic Indonesian
Dictionary” and “Arabic Indonesian Dictionary”.
In terms of the definition, the KDAI application included in the language dictionary can be seen
when looking for words to be translated. For example, the word ‫ حافظ – يحافظ‬/ḥāfaẓa - yuḥāfiẓu/
meaning would appear as “keep” the interpreter, which defines only at the level of language
(lughawī). KCAI by Muhammad Yunus is included in the translation dictionary because it combines
two languages that function to determine the meeting point of the meaning of the vocabulary. This
type of dictionary contains foreign words that are then explained one by one by finding meaning
matches adapted to the national language or the language of the dictionary user. For example, if you
are looking for Arabic from the word “piring” in KCAI by Muhammad Yunus, then the
pronunciation will appear ‫ صحن‬/shaḥn/, which is the corresponding meaning of the word “piring”.

2. Dictionary Lema (Entry)

The thing that must be considered necessary in the dictionary is lema. Lema is its form plural,
namely lemmata, a particular term used in lexicography. This word refers to the word's entry in the
dictionary (Taufiqurrohman, 2015). Basic words that have not undergone formation are included in
the dictionary as an initial reference. This entry is not an equivalent form of one meaning but has its
meaning. For example, the word "patience" becomes a basic lemma before getting affixes or changes
from the root word, while the word "be patient, spread" is not referred to as a weakness.
Several methods are needed to explain entries including, equivalence, traditional (genius and
differential), prototype and definite, synonyms, and antonyms, ostensive (reference, direct
reference), examples, and metonymy (association), collocation, and so on. The KDAI application

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uses first equivalence, which in translation there are three categories, namely (1) equivalent, for
example, the word which in Indonesian is interpreted as the word “they”, (2) not equivalent, for
example, the word ‫ ا‬/alif/ in Indonesian can be interpreted with the word “I”, (3) different, for
example, the word “mango” which in Arabic will also be interpreted with the word ‫ ا‬because Arabic
itself does not have an Arabic term for the word “mango”.
The two synonyms (similar words) can be seen when searching for the meaning of words. For
example, in the word human, the pronunciation displayed is ‫ إنسان‬/insān/. The three pronunciations
are pronunciations in Arabic which can mean "human". Third, based on the KDAI application
collocation system found in the play store or AppStore, it is a dictionary that will display meanings
that are related near or far when typing the desired meaning, for example, the word when typing the
word “animal” (ḥayawān) then the digital dictionary application will display several collocations of
“animal droppings”, ‫ بعر‬/bi'r/, 'vet' ‫ طبيببيطري‬/ṭabībīṭarī/ and so forth (Fajri, 2011).
Muhammad Yunus’ KCAI has 21,216 entries. Explanations for entries in the dictionary use the
first equivalence; (1) equivalent, for example, said ‫ بارد‬/bārid/ is in the Indonesian language
understood as the word “cool”, (2) It is not worth it. For example, the word ‫ أب‬/ab-un/ are in the
Indonesian language can be interpreted as the word “father”, (3) different, for example, the word
‫ جدول‬/jadwalun/, which in Indonesian is also interpreted as the word “schedule”. Second, tradition
(genius and differential) is to explain the meaning of an entry. For example, the word “dinosaurs”,
which in the dictionary is Arabicized with ‫ ان الزحافات‬:‫ الدينوصور‬/al-dīnūshūr: an al-zuhāfāt/.
Third, synonym, this can be seen when searching the meaning of the word seed, then there will
be pronunciation ‫ بذرة‬/bidhrah/, ‫ حبة‬/ḥubbat/, and said ‫ بزر‬/birz/ which three words have the same
meaning. Fourth, the explanation entry using the definition, for example, the word “star” ‫نجم‬
/najm/ that the KCAI work of Muhammad Yunus will be shown different words like “comet” ‫مذبب‬
/muzhabab/, “star” outstanding ‫ كوكبسيارة‬/kūkbisiyarāh/, “film star” ‫ نجمة سينامئية‬/sīnīmā’īyah
najmah/, “starry” ‫ ميضء‬/muḍī’/, and the word “astrology” ‫ تنجيم‬/tanjīm/ (Yunus, 2015).
In making the entry list, the Arabic-Indonesian digital dictionary application uses an entry list
in the form of common words with word-class types, such as verbs (fi‘l māḍi and fi‘l muḍāri‘). An
example is when typing the word “learn”, it will appear ‫ تعلّم ـ يتعلّم‬/ta‘allama-yata‘allamu/.
Second, use nouns, for example “seat” /‫ كريس‬/kursī/. Third, use adjectives, for example, “beautiful”
‫ جميل‬/jamīl/. Like the Arabic-Indonesian digital dictionary application, the printed Arabic-
Indonesian dictionary by Muhammad Yunus also has several classifications in making a list of entries
classified as word-class types. First, using verbs (fi‘l māḍi and fi‘l muḍāri‘), an example is “to cook”
‫ طبخ – يطبخ‬/ṭabakha-yaṭbakhu/. Second, using nouns, for example, “lamp” ‫ مصباح‬/mishbāḥ/. Third,
using adjectives, for example, “lazy” ‫( كسالن‬kaslān).

3. Dictionary Compilation System

There are two systematics in compiling a dictionary-based meaning and pronunciation. The KDAI
application, downloaded through the play store and KCAI by Muhammad Yunus, uses a systematic

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Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary:
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arrangement based on pronunciation. In it, the words (items) are arranged sequentially according to
the order of pronunciation (index) of the collected vocabulary, regardless of the word's meaning.
The compilation method used in the application of KDAI with KCAI by Muhammad Yunus
has differences. The most prominent thing about these differences is in the systematic form. The
digital dictionary is compiled by the entry method in the software application, which is then
visualized in the writing listed in the application. It can also be called the kitābah compilation
method. In comparison, the systematic compilation of printed dictionaries uses niẓām al-
nuṭqī (articulation system), which is arranged based on the first letter that is pronounced. Niẓām al-
nuṭqī is a search for the meaning of a word based on the first letter spoken, and the word being
searched for can be directly identified in the dictionary material without having to require someone
to look for the root of the word.
The basics are contained in the niẓām al-nuṭqī dictionary; among others, this type of dictionary
is based only on the first letter spoken of a word. In other words, the first letter is a guide for the
compiler or user of the dictionary to refer to the appropriate word placement with hijāīyah,
alphabetical order in general, from the letter alif to yā’. Niẓām al-nuṭq dictionary will be more
selective in terms of words, between musta‘mal (used) and muhmal (ignored), especially in
vocabulary selection. This dictionary only uses words whose meanings are still popular to ensure that
the dictionary size is not bold. Niẓām al-nuṭqī dictionary does not know al-sharṭah al-
munhaniyah or sign (-) to the repetition of the word because the vocabulary of the dictionary was
written back in full to help consumers and avoid confusion. Some letters in niẓām al-
nuṭqī’s dictionary had to be equated with avoiding confusion. For example, the
letter alif maqṣūrah (‫ )ى‬is correlated with the alif common. Alif mamdūdah is also equated with
ordinary alif and does not affect writing order. Hamzah (‫ )ء‬in writing or any form is also correlated
with alif. Therefore, it is not distinguished between hamzah and alif layyinah, whether hamzah
is above alif, wāw, or yā’, even when standing alone. If hamzah or alif is the first letter of a
vocabulary, there must be a chapter or group of letters. So, it is with tā’ marbūṭah (‫ ىة‬/ ‫ )ة‬which is
equated with tā’ mabsūṭah (‫)ت‬.
In searching for the meaning of words in the dictionary of niẓām al-nuṭqī, it is enough to
understand the alphabetical order, which is generally from the letters alif to yā’, without having to
look for the root word. But for, the verb (fi‘l) usually has to refer to fi‘l māḍi participle (past-verb).
Meanwhile, in searching for the meaning of words for nouns, users of the niẓām al-nuṭqī dictionary
refer to the first group of letters of the word search. KCAI by Muhammad Yunus uses the niẓām al-
nuṭq compilation method. In addition, it also uses the technique of compiling a semiological macro
structure dictionary. The arrangement of a dictionary like this refers more to the alphabetical system
letter by letter.
The components contained in the dictionary are included in the frame structure. It is based on
the presentation of the dictionary (Teguh, 2015). The frame structure consists of four main
components, namely a word list, the front (front matter), the middle (middle matter), and the back
(back matter) (Bergenholtz & Tarp, 1995). The Arabic-Indonesian digital dictionary is presented in
the form of a downloadable application through the Android and iOS systems through the play
store and Appstore. Digital dictionary Arabic-Indonesia uses the book icon blue design with the
lettering ‫ ع‬/‘ayn/, which represents Arabic, and the letter [i], which represents Indonesian. The

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writing on the front cover contains the author’s name of the dictionary, namely Muhammad Yunus
(above). Meanwhile, the title of the dictionary is “Kamus Arab-Indonesia” (Indonesian Arabic
Dictionary) with the Arabic script ‫قاموس‬/qāmūs/ added. At the bottom of the cover, the publisher’s
name, Pustaka Gama. The back cover contains the title of the dictionary and information about the
publisher of Pustaka Gama, which includes email and phone numbers. Each page has about 34
entries.
At the beginning of the digital dictionary, Arabic-Indonesian load the black background with
the Arabic Indonesia dictionary title in the middle of the page. On the right, there are three points as
the feature settings. Underneath, there are several symbols to access the desired features, including,
first, the symbol “‫( ”ء‬hamzah) as a symbol for the Arabic-Indonesian dictionary. This feature can
translate words from Indonesian to Arabic or vice versa. Second, the symbol “‫( ”م‬mīm) is a feature
entitled qāmus in the middle of the page with the same search field as the Arabic-Indonesian
dictionary. This feature can also be used in the Arabic-Indonesian dictionary. Third, the symbol “‫”غ‬
/ghayn/ is a feature of ‫ الغنى‬/al-ghiná/ in the search column in this feature. It reads “type the word”,
so this feature only provides searches in Arabic with a database of 154.644. Fourth, the symbol “‫”ن‬
(nūn) is a feature of ‫ املعارصة‬/al-mu‘āṣirah/ with the same search field as the third symbol.
Fifth, the symbol “‫( ”ج‬jīm) the feature ‫ معجم العرب‬/mu‘jam al-‘Arab/ field with the same
search with the third and fourth symbols is an Arabic-Arabic dictionary with 29.803 vocabulary.
Sixth, the symbol “‫( ”ل‬lām) an al-Mufid feature with the search field “type the word “‫‘( ”عرب‬Arab)
/ “Indonesia” in this application provides uslub 2.449 vocabulary. Seventh, the symbol “‫ ”ق‬is a
feature of the Quran dictionary with the same search field as the symbols of the six dictionaries. It
can be used to search for verses in the Quran. Meanwhile, the Arabic-Indonesian printed dictionary
by Muhammad Yunus at the beginning of the page is rewritten with the name of the author, title,
and publisher. As well as print dictionaries in general, this dictionary also has a preface and a table of
contents to make it easier to find the word you want (Ristek Muslim, 2022).
The content section of the Arabic-Indonesian digital dictionary application will bring up a lot
of vocabulary related to the desired word, which can be plural, synonym, related words, and so on.
The content section of the Arabic-Indonesian digital dictionary application will bring up a lot of
vocabulary related to the desired word, which can be plural, synonym, related words, etc. For
example, when searching for the word "Indonesia", this dictionary will bring up several vocabularies
including “Indonesian currency”, “Indonesian language”, and “Indonesian history”, along with their
Arabic translation. Meanwhile, the printed Arabic-Indonesian dictionary by Muhammad Yunus will
display the desired vocabulary in terms of plurals, synonyms, fi‘l māḍi-muḍāri‘, and other things
related to the word. For example, when searching for the word "rat" in Arabic, the pronunciation will
appear ‫ فأر ج فريان‬/fa’r -p- fairān/ or searching for the word "wet" will display the pronunciation
‫ ندي‬/nadya/, ‫ رطوبة‬/ruṭūbah/. Also, search for the word "buy", and it will display the pronunciation
of ‫ يشرتى– اشرتى‬/ishtarā-yashtarī/.

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Arabic-Indonesian Dictionary:
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4. Dictionary Advantages and Disadvantages

The advantage of the KDAI application is that it uses an application system that can make it easier
for users just by typing the desired word or index, so users immediately find the translation of the
selected word. Not only that, but users also get a lot of vocabulary that is still related to the word they
are looking for. Meanwhile, the advantage of KCAI by Muhammad Yunus is that it is effortless for
users to find entries in terms of compiling a dictionary. Some of the entries presented have adapted
today's language, such as the words “tacky”, “nonstop”, “mudik”, “move”, and others. In addition,
there are also entries whose language is a regional language, such as the words “mumet”, “nyolong”,
“servant”, “nyak”, and others, so that it is easier for dictionary users to find the desired entry.
The KDAI application has more entries, namely 154.644, than Muhammad Yunus’ KCAI,
which only has 21.216 entries. However, in the explanation of KCAI entries by Muhammad Yunus,
there are four methods, namely equivalence, traditional, synonym, and definition. Meanwhile, the
KDAI application only has three modes of explaining entries, namely equivalence, synonyms, and
based on a collocation system. The KDAI application is known to more people than the KCAI by
Muhammad Yunus. It can be seen from the number of people who have downloaded or used the
KDAI application, which has reached 1.000.000 downloads (Yunus, 2018).
Suppose the KDAI application is compared to other Arabic Indonesian dictionary applications,
such as the Kamus Arab Indonesia Offline (Arabic Indonesian Dictionary Offline) offered by the
Rahmat Project. In that case, the KDAI application is superior in rating and the number of accessors.
Kamus Arab Indonesia Offline (KAIO) Rahmat Project only has 4.3 ratings and 100.000 downloads
(Rahmat Project, 2019). In terms of the number of entries, the KDAI application has more entries,
namely 154.644 entries, while the Indonesian Arabic Dictionary by Rahmat Project only has 154.536
entries. However, in terms of the method of compiling the dictionary, the KAIO Rahmat Project is
easier to use because it combines the niẓām al-nuṭqī method (articulation system) with the entry
method. In terms of dictionary presentation, the Indonesian Arabic Dictionary by Rahmat Project
has several features that will make it easier for dictionary users compared to the KDAI application,
such as learning material features in the form of Arabic maḥfūẓāt, everyday Arabic, and games. At
the same time, the advantage of the KDAI application is using an application system that can make
it easier for users. By typing the desired word or index, users immediately find the translation of the
selected word. not only that, but users also get a lot of vocabulary that is still related to the word being
searched for.
Muhammad Yunus KCAI, when compared with the Al Munawwir Indonesian-Arabic
dictionary, will have more shortcomings. For example, in terms of the number of entries, the Al
Munawwir dictionary is superior, with about 51,408 entries (Munawir & Fairuz, 2007). In addition,
the dictionary also contains valuable images to help dictionary users find the meaning of words. The
advantage of Muhammad Yunus’ KCAI compared to the Al Munawwir dictionary is that it is
effortless for users to find entries in terms of dictionary preparation. Some of the entries presented
have adapted to today's language, such as the words “tacky”, “nonstop”, “mudik”, “move” and
others. In addition, there are also entries whose language is a regional language, such as the words
“mumet”, “nyolong”, “servant”, “nyak”, and others, so that it is easier for dictionary users to find the
desired entry. In terms of dictionary presentation, Muhammad Yunus’ KCAI immediately displays
a table of contents after the introduction, and there is no further information regarding the
procedure for using the dictionary. In contrast to the AIA dictionary, in which there are instructions

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for using the dictionary both in terms of searching for words, signs, and abbreviations contained in
the dictionary, it will make it easier for dictionary users.

Conclusion
Based on the findings and analysis above, it can be concluded that, first, based on the classification,
KDAI and KCAI are included in the nuqṭat al-iṭlāq and 'adad al-lughāt type dictionaries. In terms
of meaning, KDAI is included in the language dictionary, and KCAI is included in the translation
dictionary. Second, based on the lemma, KDAI has around 154,644 entries. To explain entries,
KDAI uses translation techniques, namely matching, not matching, and different. In addition, it
uses synonyms and collocation systems. KCAI has 21,216 entries. To explain the entries, KCAI uses
translation techniques, namely match, mismatch, and difference. KCAI also uses tradition (genius
and differential), synonyms, and definitions. Third, based on the dictionary compilation, in the
KDAI application downloaded through the play store using entries in the software and KCAI by
Muhammad Yunus using a systematic arrangement based on pronunciation, both have significant
differences in systematics.
The use of the Arabic translator application provides convenience to all users, especially for
economic and practical reasons. Thus, this application becomes an instant helper in solving problems
related to translation. However, the use of this service must be accompanied by an awareness that
machine translation, in general, has weaknesses. Moreover, we know that Arabic and Indonesian
have fundamental grammatical differences. Applications with print media cannot analyze the
grammar and context of reading sentences from the source language (Arabic) to the target language
(Indonesian). Therefore, they cannot translate correctly and according to the target language's
grammar. The errors in the application's translation include several linguistic aspects, especially
morphological aspects.

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