Questons

Probability and Statistics
1. The average number of homes sold by the Acme Realty company is 2 homes per day. What is the
probability that exactly 3 homes will be sold tomorrow?
2. Trains arrive at a station at 15 minutes intervals starting at 4am.If a passenger arrives at the station
at a time that is uniformly distributed between 9 and 9:30. Find the probability that he has to wait
for the train for
a) less than 6 minutes
b) more than 10 minutes
3. A card is drawn randomly from a deck of ordinary playing cards. You win Rs1000 if the card is a
spade or an ace. What is the probability that you will win the game?
4. We are presented with three doors - red, green, and blue - one of which has a prize. We choose the
red door, which is not opened until the presenter performs an action. The presenter (who knows
what door the prize is behind, and who must open a door, but is not permitted to open the door we
have picked or the door with the prize), opens the green door and reveals that there is no prize
behind it and subsequently asks if we wish to change our mind about our initial selection of red.
What is the probability that the prize is behind the blue and red doors?
5. Suppose that two fair dice are tossed and the sequence of scores (X1, X2) recorded. Find the
density function of
a) (X1, X2)
b) Y = X1 + X2, the sum of the scores
c) U = min{X1, X2}, the minimum score
d) V = max{X1, X2}, the maximum score
e) (U, V)
6. An urn contains N balls; R are red and N - R are green. A sample of n balls is chosen at random
(without replacement). Let Y denote the number of red balls in the sample. Show that Y has
probability density function.
P(Y = k) = C(R, k) C(N - R, n - k) / C(N, n) for k = 0, 1, ...,
7. Suppose that a coin with probability of heads p = 0.4 is tossed 5 times. Let X denote the number
of heads.
a) Compute the density function of X explicitly.
b) Graph the density function and identify the mode.
c) Find P(X > 3)
8. Let g(x) = x2 for x in {-2, -1, 0, 1, 2}.
a) Find the probability density function f that is proportional to g.
b) Graph the density function and identify the modes.
c) Find P(X  {-1, 1, 2}) where X is a random variable with the density in (a)
9. In a large consignment of electric bulb 10% are defective. A random sample of 20 is taken for
inspection. Find the probability that
a) all are good bulbs
b) there are almost 3 defective bulbs
c) there are exactly 3 defective bulbs
10. Suppose that a tire factory wants to set a mileage guarantee on its new model called LA 50 tire.
Life tests indicated that the mean mileage is 47,900, and standard deviation of the normally
distributed distribution of mileage is 2,050 miles. The factory wants to set the guaranteed mileage
so that no more than 5% of the tireswill have to be replaced. What guaranteed mileage should the
factory announce?
11. The customer accounts of a certain departmental store have an average balance of the Rs120/-and
a standard deviation of Rs40/- Assuming that the account balances are normally distributed, find
out
a) What proportion of accounts is more than Rs150/-?
b) What proportion of account is between Rs100/ and Rs150/-?
c) What proportion of account is between Rs60/- and Rs90/-?
12.
Set Theory and Logic

1. Let X = {a, c} and Y = {a, b, e, f}. Write down the elements of:
(a) X × Y
(b) Y × X
(c) X 2 (= X × X)
(d) What could you say about two sets A and B if A × B = B × A?
2. A chess board’s 8 rows are labelled 1 to 8, and its 8 columns a to h. Each square of the
board is described by the ordered pair (column letter, row number).
(a) A knight is positioned at (d, 3). Write down its possible positions after a single move of
the knight.
(b) If R = {1, 2, ..., 8}, C = {a, b, ..., h}, and P = {coordinates of all squares on the chess
board}, use set notation to express P in terms of R and C.
(c) A rook is positioned at (g, 2). If T = {2} and G = {g}, express its possible positions after
one move of the rook in terms of R, C, T and G.
3. Use the laws of logical propositions to prove that:
(z  w) ∨ (¬z  w) ∨ (z  ¬w) ≡ z ∨ w
State carefully which law you are using at each stage.
4. Use truth tables to show that: ¬((p ∨ ¬q) ∨ (r (p ∨ ¬q))) ≡ ¬p  q
5. Write down a formal system S of ﬁrst-order predicate logic whose only rules of inference are
modus ponens and generalisation. State and prove the deduction theorem for S.
Give a proof in S of (∀z) (P (z, z) → Q (z)) → (∀x) ((∀y) P (x, y) → Q(x)).
[Properties of propositional calculus may be quoted without proof.]
6. For a prescribed universe and any open statements p(x), q(x) in the variable x, prove that
a) ∃x[p(x)∨q(x)]⇔∃xp(x)∨∃xq(x)
b) ∀x[p(x)∧q(x)]⇔∀xp(x)∧∀xq(x)
7. If A = {1, 2, 3}, and B = {2, 4, 5}, give examples of (a) three nonempty relations from A to B (b)
three nonempty relations on A.
8. Let ≈ be a relation on A × A defined as follows
(a,b) ≈ (c,d) whenever ad=bc
where A is set of non-zero integers. Determine whether ≈ is an equivalence relation or not.
9. Show that following statements are logically valid
(a) ( x)(P(x) ˄ Q(x)) ↔ (( x)(P(x) ˄ ( x)(Q(x))
(b) ( x)(P(x) ˄ Q(x))  (( x)P(x) ˄ ( x)Q(x))
10. In a survey of 100 students, it is found that 40 read Readers’ Digest, 32 read India Today, 26 read
the Outlook, 10 read both Readers’ Digest and India Today, 6 read India Today and the Outlook, 7
read Readers’ Digest and the Outlook and 5 read all the three. How many read none of the
magazines?
11. Let Z be the set of integers, and n be any fixed positive integer. Let a, b  Z
a is said to be congruent to b modulo n if and only if a–b is divisible by n.
Symbolically, we can write a b (mod n)
Show that the relation ‘congruence modulo n’ is an equivalence relation on Z.
12. Prove that the following argument is valid:
“all dogs are carnivorous. “
“some animals are dogs.”
Therefore” some animals are carnivorous”.
Differential Equations
1. Show that 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑒2𝑥 + 𝑏𝑥𝑒2𝑥 where 𝑎 and 𝑏 are arbitrary constants, is the solution of the
differential equation 𝑦′′ − 4𝑦′ + 4𝑦 = 0.
2.
3. Find the values of constant 𝜆 such that (2𝑥𝑒𝑦 + 3𝑦2) dy/dx + (3𝑥2 + 𝜆𝑒𝑦) = 0 is
exact. Further, for these values of 𝜆, solve the equation.
4. Solve (1 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.

5. Prove that the number of integrating factor for the equation 𝑀𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁𝑑𝑦 = 0 is infinite.
6. Solve (𝑥2𝑦 − 2𝑥𝑦2)𝑑𝑥 − (𝑥3 − 3𝑥2𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
7. Solve (𝑥4 + 𝑦4)𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑦3𝑑𝑦 = 0.
8. Solve 𝑦(𝑥3𝑦3 + 𝑥2𝑦2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥3𝑦3 − 𝑥2𝑦2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 1)𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.

9. Solve the differential equation: (D 2 +D — 2)𝑦 = sin x.
10. Solve the differential equation: (D 4 — 10D 3 + 35D 2— 50D 3 + 24)𝑦 = 0.
11. Solve the differential equation: (D 2 —6D+ 9)𝑦 = 1+x+ 𝑥2.
12. Solve 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + (1 + 𝑥2)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥2 sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0.

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Probability and Statistics

Set Theory and Logic

4. Solve (1 + 𝑥𝑦)𝑦𝑑𝑥 + (1 − 𝑥𝑦)𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.

8. Solve 𝑦(𝑥3𝑦3 + 𝑥2𝑦2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 1)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥3𝑦3 − 𝑥2𝑦2 − 𝑥𝑦 + 1)𝑥𝑑𝑦 = 0.

12. Solve 𝑦𝑑𝑥 − 𝑥𝑑𝑦 + (1 + 𝑥2)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥2 sin 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 = 0.

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