Q1.

Which of the following personalities is considered as ‘Father of Scientific

Management’? (1 M)
A. Henry Mintzberg
B. F W Taylor
C. Henry Fayol
D. Elton Mayo
E. Mary Parker Follet
Answer – B

Q .2)” There should be one head and one plan for group of activities”. This concept
proposed by Henry Fayol is called as_____? (1 M)
A. Unity of Direction
B. Unity of Command
C. Centralization
D. A and B
E. None of the above
Answer: A

1
Q.3) Which of the following personalities is considered as ‘Father of Human Relations
Approach? (1 M)
A. Abraham Maslow
B. Douglous Mcgregor
C. Elton Mayo
D. Max weber
E. Mary Parker Follet
Answer: C

Q.4) Rensis Likert proposed a concept of integrating individual and organizational goals.
What is the concept called? (1 M)
A. Goal Merger
B. Linking Goals
C. Integral Pin
D. Linking Pin
E. None of the above
Answer: D

2
Q.5) A process whereby the superior and subordinate jointly identify common goals,
define each individual's major areas of responsibility in terms of the results expected of
him or her, and use these measures as guides for operating the unit and assessing the
contribution of each of its members. It refers to. (1 M)
A. Liberation Management
B. Management Information Systems (MIS)
C. Management by Objective
D. Management by Exception
E. None of the above
Answer: C

3
Q.6) Henry Mintzberg in his first comprehensive study, concluded that what managers do
can best be described by looking at the managerial roles they engage in at work. He
divided the managerial roles into how many heads. (1 M)
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
Answer: B

Q.7) Which of the following function is considered as ‘Life Spark of the enterprise’ which
sets in motion the action of the people? (1 M)
A. Planning
B. Organizing
C. Staffing
D. Directing
E. Controlling
Answer: D

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Direction in management is the aspect that
activates organizational methods to efficiently
achieve organizational objectives. Often regarded
as the lifeblood of the enterprise, it sets in
motion the actions of individuals, as planning,
organizing, and staffing are merely preparatory
steps. Direction involves directly influencing,
guiding, supervising, and motivating
subordinates to accomplish organizational goals

The elements of direction include:

• Supervision
• Motivation
• Leadership
• Communication
Q.8) Which of the following type of plan is a short-term plan? (1 M)
A. Strategic Plan
B. Tactical Plan
C. Operational Plan
D. Contingency Plan
E. None of the above
Answer: B

5
Q.9) Which of the following is a powerful decision-making technique used to extract ideas
from a group of people. Under this technique, groups are formed, and each individual is
provided with a platform to explore and express their idea to others? (1 M)
A. Delphi Technique
B. Brainstorming
C. Nominal Group technique
D. Multi Voting
E. Didactic Interaction
Answer: B

Q.10)” Starting with an overly high salary request resulted in higher salary offers”. Which
of the bias can the above statement be classified as? (1 M)
A. Confirmation Bias
B. Overconfidence Bias
C. Hindsight Bias
D. Anchoring Bias
E. The Halo Bias
Answer: D
Being overly influenced by the first piece of information we receive.

6
Q.11) Which of the following concept introduces the specialization in doing tasks at the
lower levels? (1 M)
A. Functional Foremanship
B. Differential Piece Rate System
C. Division of Labour
D. Centralisation
E. Motion Study
Answer: A
Functional Foremanship, an extension of the principles of division of work and
specialization, involves separating planning from execution. In this system, each worker is
supervised by various specialists. Taylor proposed that under the factory manager, there
should be a planning in charge and a production head to increase efficiency.
Q.12) Identify the theory of corporate governance, which is based on the perception that a
corporation for its effective function has to forge a number of relations with different
people/institutions including suppliers, consumers, employees, government.
A. Steward Ship Theory
B. Agency Theory
C. Feedback Theory
D. Stakeholder Theory
E. None of the above
Answer – D

• The stakeholder theory, attributed to Edward Freeman (1984), emphasizes that

organizations should consider the interests of all stakeholders, including employees,
clients, suppliers, and creditors, while upholding ethical principles. However, Mansell
(2013) criticizes this approach, arguing that it undermines capitalist principles by
applying a social contract concept to organizations. Stakeholders encompass

7
 shareholders, creditors, managers, employees, customers, suppliers, local
communities, and the general public (Hill and Jones, 1992).
• According to the stakeholder approach, all participants in value creation should have
a right to share in the added value along the value chain. Corporate governance
under this approach aims to ensure fair remuneration for all participants, considering
their opportunity costs. It also involves considering the interests of stakeholders
affected by the company's decisions and actions, with their participation in corporate
governance.
13) As per OCEAN model, if a person is organized, self-disciplined and he or she is
achievement oriented, then which of the following personality trait can be associated to
him or her? (PYQ -2023)
A. Openness
B. Extraversion
C. Agreeableness
D. Conscientiousness
E. Neuroticism
Answer – D
Conscientiousness is indeed the personality trait that aligns with the description provided.
This dimension encompasses attributes such as thoughtfulness, impulse control, and goal-
directed behaviors. Therefore, based on the key words in the question, the appropriate
answer would be Conscientiousness.
14) In the field of Management, ____________________ describes the difference between
true and exposed emotions. (PYQ – 2023)
A. Perception Défense
B. Emotional Intelligence
C. Cognitive Dissonance
D. Emotional dissonance
E. Emotional Management
Answer – D
Emotional dissonance describes the internal conflict arising when an individual's genuine
emotions diverge from those they exhibit in a given context, commonly observed in
workplaces where emotional regulation is necessary for job performance.

• To mitigate the adverse impacts of emotional labor and dissonance, it's crucial to
provide opportunities for employees engaging in surface displays to decompress and
rejuvenate.

8
15) Rensis Likert is best known for classification of leadership styles into four categories.
What is the style when “leaders have full confidence in the subordinates and ensure
meaningful participation”?
A. Exploitative Autocratic
B. Benevolent Autocratic
C. Participative
D. Democratic
E. None of the above
Answer – C

16) ‘OCTOPAC’ refers to which of the following concept in management?

A. Human Resource Development
B. Total Quality Management
C. Decision Making
D. Management Functions
E. Human Resource Management
Answer: A

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 (OCTAPAC) culture for HRD

17) W.M Deming suggested 4 step model to implement TQM in the organization. Which of
the following represents the model?(1 M)
A. PDOC
B. PLDC
C. PDCA
D. PACD
E. None of the above
Answer – C

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18) Laterally mobilizing employees and letting them serve their tasks at different levels ,
roles ,skills to evaluate employees performance and find a best-fit role for their profile.
The above statement refers to ____?
A. Job Enrichment
B. Job Enlargement
C. Job Rotation
D. Job Analysis
E. Both A and B
Answer – C

19) Which of the following concept of Wage Administration is considered as ‘Golden

Handcuff’?
A. Profit Sharing
B. Employee Stock Option(ESOP)
C. Leave Travel Alliance
D. Gratuity
E. Dearness Allowance
Answer – B
• ESOPs are offered by the companies in parts and as
per a
• schedule.
• A time period is given to the employee for exercising
their right to purchase the shares. This time period of
waiting is called a vesting period.
• The offer lapses if not exercised within the vesting
period. This period is also known as the lock-in
period
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20) Ranking ,Factor Comparision and Grading method are associated with which of the
following?(1 M)
A. Job analysis
B. Job Evaluation
C. Job Design
D. Training
E. Performance Appraisal
Answer: B

21) It is a form of training with the goal of making people aware of their own goals as well
as their prejudicies and are more sensitive to others and to the dynamics of group
interaction. What does it refer to?
A. In Basket Training
B. Sensitivity Training
C. Simulation Training
D. Role Playing
E. None of the above
Answer: B

12
22) Which of the following training model follows result based approach and takes into
account Return on Investment?(1 M)
A. Instructional System Design
B. ADDIE Model
C. Kirkpatrick Model
D. Phillips Model
E. None of the above
Answer: Option D

23) A method of career pathing that contains both vertical sequence of jobs and a series of
horizontal opportunities is called as ______?(1 M)
A. Traditional Career Path
B. Dual Career Path
C. Network Career Path
D. Lateral Skill Path
E. None of the above
Answer – C

13
24) The Process in which manager make top-down assessments and rating the
performance of their subordinates in annual meeting is called as _________ ?(1 M)
A. Performance Appraisal
B. Performance Management
C. A and B
D. Career Development
E. None of the above
Answer: Option A

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25) Which of the following appraisal methods focuses on the employees future
performance rather than past one ?(1 M)
A. Paired Comparision
B. 360 degree Appraisal
C. Critical Incident Appraisal
D. Psychological Appraisal
E. Confidential Report
Answer: D
This method assesses the employee's potential for future performance rather than the past
one. It focuses on the employee's emotional, intellectual, and motivational and other
personal characteristics affecting his/her performance.
26 )A job can be divided into ____ core dimensions by Job Characteristics' approach ?(1 M)
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
E. 6
Answer: C
27) According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs , ‘Achievement, Responsibility and
Independence’ falls under which type of need?
A. Physiological
B. Safety
C. Social
D. Esteem
E. Self-Actualisation
Answer: D

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28) Which of the following motivational theory is based on the concept of “Homeostasis”?
A. Goal Setting theory
B. Mayo’s theory
C. Drive-Reduction Theory
D. Expectancy theory
E. ERG Theory
Answer: Option C

29) In motivation theories, ‘Satisfaction-Dissatisfaction theory’ was introduced by ?

A. Henry Mintzberg
B. Clayton Paul Alderferer
C. Federeick Herzberg
D. McClellend
E. None of the above
Answer: Option C

16
30) When Employees rank job security on the top and needs formal direction for work , it
falls under which of following theory?
A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) Theory Z
D) Argyris Theory
E) None of the above
Answer: A

31) Which of the following theories of ethics, focusses on consequences of greater good
and evil?(PYQ-2023)
A. Teleological Theory of Ethics
B. Deontological Theory of Ethics
C. Virtue Ethics
D. Ethics-Justice Theory
E. None of the above
Answer – A
Greek philosophers, notably Aristotle, played a significant role in popularizing the
teleological theory, which derives its name from "telos," meaning the end or consequences.

• Teleological theories offer a distinct framework for making moral decisions by

evaluating competing alternatives and their relative impacts on individuals.

17
32) Generally, _____________ is the principle which focusses on the kind of value which
displaces concerns of others (1 Marks)
A. Distribution
B. Justice
C. Right
D. Entitlements
E. Care
Answer – E
Care ethics, practiced by various religions such as Jainism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and
Buddhism, emphasizes the importance of compassion and empathy.

• At its core, care-based ethics promotes the golden rule: "Do unto others as you
would have them do unto you." This principle is rooted in the philosophical theory
of reversibility, which encourages individuals to consider how they would feel if they
were in the position of those they interact with.
• By fostering empathy and understanding, care ethics encourages individuals to treat
others with kindness and consideration, recognizing the interconnectedness of
humanity.
33)Frustration-regression concept is linked with which of the following theories of
motivation?
A. 2 Factor Theory
B. ERG Theory
C. Mayo’s Motivation Theory
D. Equity Theory
E. Goal Setting Theory
Answer – B

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34) According to McClelland Human Motivation theory, which of the following type of
employees are called as gamblers?
A. Individuals with high achievement needs
B. Individuals motivated by power
C. Individuals motivated by affiliation
D. A and B
E. All of the above
Answer: A

35) Goal Setting involves development of an action plan designed to motivate and guide a
person or group toward a goal. Goal-setting theory is proposed by ________?
A. B F Skinner
B. Richard Ryan
C. Albert Bandura
D. Edwin Locke
E. Victor H.Room
Answer – D

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36) This theory highlights that rewards that mainly have a controlling aspect tend to
decrease intrinsic motivation. It is also a subset of Self Determination Theory.?
A. Reinforcement Theory
B. Expectancy Theory
C. Cognitive Evaluation Theory
D. Maturity-Immaturity Theory
E. None of the above
Answer: C

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37) Which of the following statements is true with respect to Porter and Lawler’s
Expectancy theory?
A. Satisfaction always lead to better performance
B. Satisfaction doesn’t always lead to better performance
C. Performance always result in satisfaction
D. Performance results in satisfaction if reward systems are effective
E. B and D are true
Answer: E

38) What is Pygmalion effect ?

A. Form of self-fulling prophecy in which believing something can make it true
B. It refers to gaining relevant experience increasing efficacy
C. Gaining confidence when you see yourself as similar to the person you are
observing
D. A and B
E. B and C
Answer: A

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39) "A state in which people are so involved in an activity that nothing else seems to
matter; the experience is so enjoyable that people will continue to do it even at great cost,
for the sheer sake of doing it.” This refers to which of the following theories?
A. Goal Setting theory
B. Flow theory
C. Drive-Reduction Theory
D. Expectancy theory
E. ERG Theory
Answer: B

• In positive psychology, a flow state, also

known colloquially as being in the zone
• Flow is characterized by the complete
absorption in what one does, and a
resulting transformation in one's sense of
time.
• Named by Mihály Csíkszentmihályi in
1975.

22
40) An increased sensitivity to certain stimuli, resulting from prior exposure to related
visual or audio messages is called as ______?
A. Conscious Motivation
B. Un Conscious Motivation
C. Learned Industriousness
D. Priming
E. None of the above
Answer: D
Priming is a phenomenon whereby exposure to one stimulus influences a response to a
subsequent stimulus, without conscious guidance or intention.
41) Which of the following models was used to develop public speaking skills?
A. Shannon and Weaver model
B. Aristotle model
C. Schramm model
D. MacLean model
E. Berlo model
Answer: Option B
The speaker is the most important element, making this model a speaker-oriented model.
It is the speaker's task to give a speech to the public.
The role of the audience is passive. A one-way model, from speaker to receiver.

23
42) The tendency to explain individuals behavior based on internal factors and overlooking
the influence caused by the external factors is called as______-?
A. Selective perception
B. Self Serving Bias
C. Fundamental Attribution Error
D. Contrast Effect
E. Psychological Barrier
Answer: C

43) Which of the following type of formal network communication facilitates the
emergence of a leader in the organisation?
A. Wheel
B. Chain
C. All channel
D. Circle
E. Vertical
Answer: A

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44) The type of communication that stretches throughout the organization in all directions
irrespective of authority levels is called as _____?
A. Intertwine Network
B. Grapevine
C. Linked Chain
D. Mesh
E. None of the above
Answer: A

45) In case of emergencies, the subordinate of one line of authority communicating with
subordinate of another line authority is called as ________ ?
A. Gang Plank
B. Scalar Chain
C. Cluster Chain
D. Multi Strand chain
E. None of the above
Answer: A
The term "Gang Plank" refers to an organizational arrangement facilitating direct
communication between two managers operating at the same level. This setup aims to
streamline communication processes, enabling swift and efficient exchange of information
between peers.

25
46) Which of the following communication model is called as the ‘mother of all models’?
A. Shannon and Weaver model
B. Aristotle model
C. Schramm model
D. MacLean model
E. Berlo model
Answer: A
The Shannon and Weaver model is a linear model of communication, Analysing how
messages are sent and received.

• Explain how messages can be mixed up and misinterpreted in the process between
sending and receiving the message
47) This communication model has a multilayered feedback system. In which of the
following communication models sending and receiving of messages happens
simultaneously?
A. Behavioral Model
B. Mechanistic Model
C. System Model
D. Transactional Model
E. None of the above
Answer: D

26
48) Which of the following communication theory has “field of experience” as a
component.?
A. Interactive Model
B. Mechanistic Model
C. System Model
D. Transactional Model
E. None of the above
Answer: A
Schramm’s Interactive model or convergence model, It is similar to transactional model as
they are both two way communication model. But, interactive model is mostly used for new
media like internet. Here, people can respond to any mass communications like videos,
news, etc. People can exchange their views and ideas.
49) Managers' perceptions of employees can vary significantly. Some may view certain
employees as lazy and disliking work, while others may perceive them as enthusiastic and
enjoying their job. Identify the theory of motivation which explains such different
Managers' perceptions of employees.
A. Adam Equity Theory
B. Vroom Expectancy Theory
C. Theory X and Theory Y
D. ERG theory
E. None of the above
Answer – C
Theory X and Theory Y are management theories introduced by Douglas McGregor,
offering contrasting perspectives on employee behavior and motivation.

• Theory X posits that employees are inherently lazy, disliking work, and requiring
constant supervision. Managers following Theory X tend to rely on punishments and
rewards to motivate employees.
• In contrast, Theory Y suggests that employees are intrinsically motivated, derive
satisfaction from their work, and can be self-directed when provided with autonomy
and responsibility.
• These theories shape managerial approaches, with Theory Y encouraging a more
participative and empowering leadership style compared to Theory X.
50) which of the following are the three leadership styles introduced by the Kurt Lewin in
1930? (PYQ-2023)
A. Autocratic, Democratic, and Equity
B. Autocratic, Democratic, and Laissez-faire.
C. Autocratic, Delegative, and Equity
D. Power, Democratic, and Equity
E. Autocratic, Democratic, and Supportive

27
Answer – B
Kurt Lewin introduced three leadership styles: autocratic, democratic, and laissez-faire.

• Autocratic Leadership: Leader has full control and closely supervises.

• Democratic Leadership: Encourages collaboration and participatory decision-making.
• Laissez-Faire Leadership: Leader provides minimal intervention, granting autonomy
to employees.
Q.51) There are multiple leadership styles which a leader can follow, in the same regard,
which of the following is/are the examples of contingency theory of leadership. (PYQ2023)
A. Fielder Contingency Theory
B. House path Goal Theory
C. Blake and Mouton Managerial Grid
D. Both Option A and B
E. Both Option A and C
Answer – D
Both Fielder's Contingency Theory and the House Path-Goal Theory are examples of
contingency theories, also known as situational leadership theories. They highlight the
importance of situational factors and follower characteristics in determining effective
leadership styles.

• Fielder's theory emphasizes the match between the leader's style and the
favorability of the situation. House's theory focuses on clarifying paths to goals and
providing support to enhance employee motivation and performance.
52) Identify the barriers of communication, wherein the person (Sender or Receiver) is
unable to translate the language in the required manner.
A. Personal Barriers
B. Semantic Barriers
C. Organizational Barriers
D. Emotional Barriers
E. Psychological barriers
Answer – B
Semantics is the science of meaning. All forms of communication use words, pictures, or
actions to convey certain meanings. However, barriers can arise due to the limitations of the
symbols we use to communicate. One example of a semantic barrier is faulty translations.
When a message intended for a broad audience is translated from one language to another,
errors in translation can lead to ineffective communication

28
53) Which of the following is an example of Non-Verbal Communication
A. Writing letter
B. Memos
C. Body Language and Gestures
D. Flyers and posters
E. Infographics
Answer – C
Body language involves examining various parts of the body, such as the eyes and face, each
of which can be analyzed separately. Body posture and movement refer to how we sit, stand,
or move. For instance, sitting with crossed arms is often seen as a defensive stance.
54) Power is the capacity to exert authority, influence decisions, direct actions, or
command resources, often to attain specific objectives or maintain control. There are
different types or basis of power. Raven has identified power bases of two broad
categories: Positional and personal, in the same regards, identify the correct option from
below –
A. Positional (legitimate, reward, Coercive) , Personal (knowledge, referent)
B. Personal (legitimate, reward, Coercive), Positional (knowledge, referent)
C. Personal (Charismatic power), Positional (knowledge, referent power)
D. Positional (Coercive power), Personal (Reward Power)
E. None of the above
Answer -A
There are different types or basis of power. Raven has identified power bases of two broad
categories: Positional and personal. Within each category there are different types of power
as shown in the figure below –

Basics of Power

Positional Power Personal Power

1.Legitimate Power
1.Expert Power
2.Reward Power
2.Referent Power
3.Coercive Power
3.Charismatic Power
4.Information Power

29
55) Identify the theory of corporate governance, which is based on the perception that a
corporation for its effective function has to forge a number of relations with different
people/institutions including suppliers, consumers, employees, government.
A. Steward Ship Theory
B. Stakeholder Theory
C. Agency Theory
D. Feedback Theory
E. None of the above
Answer – B
The question might cause confusion between stewardship theory and stakeholder theory,
but the correct answer is stakeholder theory of corporate governance. This theory explains
that a corporation should create wealth not only for its owners but also for its stakeholders.
It emphasizes that managerial decisions should benefit all parties involved.

• The answer is not stewardship theory because stewardship theory focuses on

managers' duty to protect and maximize shareholders' wealth. By doing so, managers
also receive their own rewards
56) 7C approach for effective communication was given by which of the following
thinkers?
A. Cutlip and Center
B. Aristotle
C. Schramm
D. MacLean
E. Berlo
Answer: A
Effective Public Relations is a book published in 1952 by University of Wisconsin professor
Scott M. Cutlip and Allen H. Center. It was the first textbook in the field of public relations
and introduced the "Seven Cs of communication".
57) Which of the following model believes that communication moves forward and also
comes back as it is largely dependent on the past behavior of the individual?
A. Westley and McLeans model
B. Helix Model
C. SCMR Model
D. Ellipse Model
E. None of the above
Answer: B

30
58) A way of communication between employees from different organizational units and
from different hierarchy levels is called as______?
A. Downward communication
B. Upward communication
C. Lateral communication
D. Diagonal communication
E. None of the above
Answer: D

31
59) Which of the following thinker highlighted that “All the living beings existing in the
planet communicate although the way of communication is different” ?(1 M)
A. MacLean model
B. S F Scudder
C. Shannon and Weaver
D. Aristotle
E. Schramm
Answer: B
Communication is a complex process that involves sending, receiving, and interpreting
signals. In 1980, S. F. Scudder introduced the concept of communication theory. According
to this theory, despite the diversity in communication methods, all living beings on Earth
engage in communication.
60) Which of the following can be considered as Free-Rein style/Abdicative Style of
Leadership?
A. Giving all responsibility and authority to leaders
B. Involvement of subordinates in making decisions
C. Subordinates or departments are allowed to work according to their style with
minimal interference
D. A and B
E. B and C
Answer: C

61) Traits that dominate an individuals whole life, often to the point that the person
becomes known specifically for these traits. What are they called?
A. Central Traits
B. Founding Traits
C. Cardinal Traits
D. Secondary Traits
E. Basic Traits

32
Answer: C

62) Which of the following type of leadership style is centered around McGregor’s Theory
X of management?
A. Impoverished management
B. Produce or Perish Management
C. Middle of the Road
D. Country Club
E. Team Management
Answer: B

33
63) John Adair has developed a prominent functional leadership model. It has connecting
3 circle approach that is called as____?
A. Born leadership
B. Action Centred Leadership
C. Trait Leadership
D. Contingency Leadership
E. Cognitive ResourceTheory
Answer: B

64) According to Fiedler’s Contingency Approach, concept of LPC is used to measure if a

leader is task oriented or production oriented. What does LPC stand for?
A. Leadership productivity Score
B. Leader Priority Questionnaire
C. Leader Point Count
D. Least prefer co-worker Questionnaire
E. None of the above
Answer: D

34
65) Which of the following leadership theory is called as “Life Cycle theory” of Leadership?
A. Fiedler’s model
B. Hersey and Blanchard model
C. Path Goal model
D. Vroom and Yetton model
E. A and C
Answer: B

66) In the Leader-Participation Model, the way a leader makes a decision is also as
important as what he/she decides. For determining the form and amount of participation,
this model use a decision tree with how many contingencies ?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
E. 10
Answer: D

35
67) Calling,Listening,Empathy,Healing,Persuasion,Foresight,Conceptualisation,growth are
characteristics of which of the following Leaders?
A. Transactional Leader
B. Transformational Leader
C. Servant Leader
D. Engaging Leader
E. None of the above
Answer: C

36
68) The concept of in-groups and out-groups are associated with which of the following
leadership theories?
A. Leader Member Exchange
B. Leadership Continuum Theory
C. Transformational Leadership
D. Full Range Leadership
E. None of the above
Answer: A

37
69) Leaders using media to manage the headlines and engage in direct banter with
millions of followers on Facebook and Twitter is called as ____?(1 M)
A. Authentic Leadership
B. Level 5 Leadership
C. Leadership by Optics Management
D. Ambidextrous Leadership
E. Trans Leadership
Answer: C
Whether it is President Trump or Prime Minister Narendra Modi or for that matter, any
celebrity leader in the world of business, sport, entertainment, and society, almost everyone
engages in what is known as Leadership by Optics Management and Leadership by
Perception Their first priority is to ensure that they are perceived well for their slogans and
speeches rather than for the on the ground work they do. Moreover, with social media
providing a fertile ground to enable such leadership Feel Good Factor has a limited shelf life
70) Under which method, the communication flows from top to bottom in an
Organisation?(PYQ-2022)
A. Scalar Chain
B. Vertical command
C. Line of Authority
D. Communication line
E. None of Above
Answer: A
The principle of the scalar chain refers to a direct line of authority that runs from top-level
management to the ground level. This principle emphasizes that information should be
communicated strictly through the hierarchical levels from the top down.
71) In which stage of the Lewin Change Management Model, we see reinforcement
strategies practiced by the management?
A. Change
B. Un-freezing
C. Re-Freezing
D. Dynamic
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Refreezing: The final stage is where people accept and internalize the new ways of working,
making them a part of their routine. To prevent reverting to old habits, reinforcement such
as rewards or recognition is necessary to keep people motivated to stick with the new way
of working.

38
72) In an Organisation, an employee is reliable, dependable, goal-oriented, and
cooperative. Which of the following personality of the employee is reflected as per Big
Five Personality Model?
A. Agreeableness
B. Conscientiousness
C. Emotional Stability
D. Extroversion
E. None of the above
Answer: B
The Big Five personality traits are extraversion, agreeableness, openness,
conscientiousness, and neuroticism.

• Conscientiousness: This trait is characterized by high levels of thoughtfulness, strong

impulse control, and goal-oriented behaviors.
73) In the most general language, blaming of one's un-ethical behaviour on others is
called as________?
A. Displacement of responsibility
B. Euphemistic Labelling
C. Diffusion
D. Ethical Delusion
E. None of the above
Answer: A
Displacement of responsibility: The diffusion of responsibility is a phenomenon in social
psychology where individuals are less likely to take action when more people are present.
This is also known as the bystander effect. In such situations, a person may blame others for
their inaction
74) Identify the form of communication when messages flow through all level of
organization and under such form of communication messages cross all the levels of
hierarchy present in the organization.(PYQ-2022)
A. Vertical Communication
B. Downward Communication
C. Diagonal Communication
D. Horizontal Communication
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Diagonal or crosswise communication occurs when individuals at the same organizational
level interact with those at higher or lower levels, crossing the usual boundaries of their
reporting relationships

39
75) How many Levels are there in organisational behavior? (PYQ -2022)
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. None of the above
Answer: C
There are 3 level of Organisational Behaviour-
1. Individual Level
2. Team Level
3. Organisational Level
76) Identify the level of organisational behaviour, wherein an employee's motivation,
personality aspect, and job interest are studied.
A. Individual Level
B. Organisational Level
C. Team Level
D. Group
E. None of Above
Answer: A
Individual Level Analysis: This involves studying a person's personality, motivations,
interests, and attitudes within an organization. It includes one-on-one sessions and
interactions to gain insight into the individual's characteristics and perceptions.
Group Level Analysis: This focuses on communication and interactions among employees
within a group. It examines how individuals interact with each other and collaborate within
the organization.
Organization Level Analysis: This entails studying the structure and effectiveness of the
organization as a whole. It involves examining the organization's formation, its structure, and
its overall performance.
77) Identify the concept which explains the heterogeneous composition of employees of
an organization in terms of age, gender, language, ethnic origin, education and marital
status.
A. Workplace Diversity
B. Employee varsity
C. Organisation dynamics
D. Organisation teamwork
E. None of Above
Answer: A

40
78) As Ram complained about poor working conditions of the Air conditioners, desk, and
chair. As per clayton Herzberg theory, which of the following need of Ram is not met?(PYQ
-2022)
A. Satisfiers needs
B. Hygiene needs
C. Motivating needs
D. Growth needs
E. None of the above
Answer: B
Herzberg's Two Factor Theory, also known as the Motivation Hygiene Theory, describes two
aspects of motivation in the workplace. The first aspect is the "hygiene" factors, which
relate to the job context such as working conditions. The second aspect is "satisfiers" or job
content, which refers to the intrinsic qualities of the job.

• In this case, Ram's dissatisfaction with the poor performance of ACs, desks, and
chairs indicates that he is unhappy with the working conditions. According to
Herzberg's theory, working conditions fall under hygiene factors, which means
they are essential for preventing dissatisfaction but don't necessarily lead to
satisfaction on their own.
79) As Ram shifted from XYZ company to the ABC company, this change of job can be
explained by which of the following Theory of motivation?
A. Existence needs - Alderfer Theory of motivation
B. Achievement needs - David McClelland Theory of motivation
C. Belonginess Needs - Maslow Theory of Motivation
D. Growth Needs - Alderfer Theory of motivation
E. None of the above
Answer: D
It's evident from the question that ABC company has significant growth potential, which
could have enticed Ram to move from XYZ company to ABC. This aligns with Alderfer's
Theory of Motivation, particularly the growth needs component, which suggests that
individuals are motivated by opportunities for personal and professional development and
advancement.
80) Which leadership style tends to centralize authority and make unilateral decisions?
A. Bureaucratic Style
B. Autocratic Style
C. Democratic Style
D. Laissez-Faire
E. Transactional Style
Answer – B

41
Leadership styles encompass various approaches to leading and managing teams. These
styles include laissez-faire, where subordinates have complete freedom; bureaucratic,
characterized by strict adherence to organizational rules; autocratic, with centralized
decision-making by the leader; democratic, involving leader-subordinate consultation in
decision-making; transactional, where predetermined goals are set collaboratively, and
employees follow the manager's direction to achieve them; and transformational, where
leaders focus on overarching organizational goals and delegate tasks to the team to
accomplish them
81) Identify the wrong statement about Cognitive Resources Theory:
A. It is a Modified Form Of Contingency theory
B. It states that stress hurts any situation
C. It states that experience and intelligence can minimize the influence of stress on a
leader
D. It is given by Hersey and Blanchard
E. All of the above statements are correct
Answer – D
Cognitive Resource Theory is given by Fiedler, According to these theory, stress plays a key
role in determining how a leaders intelligence and experience affects outcomes
82)Leadership Style Matrix is a model that helps identify the best leadership style for a
given situation. The Matrix is divided into four quadrants, with each quadrant listing two
leadership styles that are best suited for a specific situation. It is given by Flamholtz and
Randle and helps in choosing the right leadership style based on the type task and the
employees. What does the X Caxis denote in the Leadership Style Matrix ?
A. Individual Ability or Autonomy
B. Interpersonal Relationship
C. Motivation Levels
D. Programmability of a task
E. Time Takes
Answer – A
Leadership Style Matrix given by Flamholtz and Randle, this style helps in choosing the
right leadership style based on the type of task you are involved in and the people you are
leading
83)which approach under various theories of leadership is associated with OHIO and
Michigan Studies ?
A. Contingency Theory
B. Situational Leadership
C. Trait Theory
D. Leverage Theory
E. Behavioural Theory

42
Answer – E
Behavioural theorise of leadership imply we could train people to be leaders, More Focussed
on the behaviour of leaders rather than their traits and thus on the fact “leaders are made
and not born”
Q) A passage on Organizational Behavior was given which was followed by 3 questions i.e
Q. 84-86(PYQ-2021)
The economic, political, and social structures of a society, including its laws, institutions,
and policies, create different distributions of benefits and burdens among its members.
These structures are shaped by human political processes and are continually evolving
both within and between societies. The design of these frameworks is crucial because the
resulting distribution of benefits and burdens significantly impacts people's lives.
(This is a recreated passage and not the exact one asked in the exam)
Q.84) Which type of justice relates to employees input to appropriate Rewards/Output?
A. Distributive Justice
B. Integrative Justice
C. Procedural Justice
D. Social Justice
E. Economic Justice
Answer: A
Distributive justice refers to the perceived fairness of decision outcomes and the
distribution of resources. These resources can be tangible, such as pay, or intangible, such as
praise. Perceptions of distributive justice are enhanced when outcomes are seen as being
applied equally. It can also be seen as capitalist justice, where the ratio of an individual's
inputs to their outcomes is considered.
Distributive justice includes three main components: equity, equality, and need. Equity
involves rewarding individuals based on their contributions. Equality means providing the
same compensation to everyone. Lastly, need focuses on giving benefits based on individual
requirements.
Q.85) Which of the following will involve the study of psychological aspects?
A. Personality and Motivation
B. Mental Intelligence
C. Merit Rating
D. 360-degree appraisal
E. None of Above
Answer: A
Personality and motivation are linked to an individual's behaviour, so studying them involves
examining psychological aspects.

43
Q.86) Which subject deals with formation and management of team?
A. Sociology
B. Anthropology
C. Psychology
D. Archaeology
E. None of Above
Answer: A
Sociology examines the structure of groups, organizations, and societies, as well as how
individuals interact within these settings.
Q) A passage on Organizational change was given which was followed by 2 questions i.e.,
Q. 87-88.(PYQ -2021)
__________Refers to the actions a company or business takes to change a significant
aspect of its organization, such as its culture, underlying technologies or infrastructure, or
internal processes.
(This is a recreated passage and not the exact one asked in the exam)
Q.87) What the paragraph is talking about?
A. Organizational Change
B. Organizational Structure
C. Organizational Conflict
D. Organizational Justice
E. None of the above
Answer: A
Organizational change involves actions taken by a company to modify a major aspect of its
organization, such as its culture, underlying technologies or infrastructure, or internal
processes.
Q.88) What is the name of the second stage of the Lewin Model?
A. Change
B. Development
C. Resistance
D. Compliance
E. None of the above
Answer: A

44
Q) A passage on language translation was given which was followed by 2 questions i.e., Q.
89-90.
Bhashantra, an event focused on Indian languages, was organized by FICCI, Technology
Development for Indian Languages (TDIL) under the Ministry of Electronics and IT,
Government of India, and the Indian Cellular Association (ICA) in New Delhi, with joint
sponsorship from Google and Devnagri. Held on 30th July 2018, the event addressed the
use of Indian languages and their real-time translation for Indic languages..
(This is a recreated passage and not the exact one asked in the exam)
Q.89) The event highlighted in the passage will try to address what type of barrier in
communication?
A. Linguistic
B. Psychological
C. Emotional Barriers.
D. Physical Barriers.
E. Cultural Barriers
Answer: A
A language barrier is a metaphorical term used to describe the communication challenges
faced by individuals or groups who speak different languages or, in some cases, different
dialects.
Q.90 Which type of perceptual error sees an Individual as a part of a group?
A. Stereotyping
B. Illusion
C. Hallucination
D. Halo Effect
E. None of the above
Answer: A
In social psychology, a stereotype is a widely held belief about specific types of individuals
or certain behaviours that aims to represent the entire group. These beliefs may or may not
accurately reflect reality.

45
Q.91 Which of the following is a process theory?
A. Maslow’s hierarchy of Needs
B. McClelland theory of Learned Needs
C. Theory X and Theory Y
D. Vroom’s Expectancy theory
E. None of the above
Answer: D

Q.92 According to Johari Window, Quadrant known to self but not known to others is
called as_______
A. Open
B. Blind
C. Hidden
D. Unknown
E. None of above
Answer: C

46
Q.93 If a translator is not proficient in 2 language, what type of barrier it creates in
communication?
A. Physical
B. Semantic
C. System
D. Psychological
E. None of Above
Answer: B
Semantic barriers are misunderstandings that occur between the sender and receiver due to
different interpretations of words and symbols used in communication. If a translator is not
fluent in both languages, this creates a semantic barrier.
Q.94 Which of the following theory suggests making communication in an organization
based on Hierarchy, highly structured, and formalized?
A. Frederick Taylor – Theory of Scientific Management.
B. Henri Fayol – Administrative Management Theory.
C. Max Weber - Bureaucratic Theory of Management.
D. Elton Mayo – Behavioural Theory of Management
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Max Weber, a German sociologist, defined bureaucracy as a highly structured, formalized,
and impersonal organization. He emphasized the importance of a defined hierarchical
structure and clear rules, regulations, and lines of authority within an organization.
Q.95 During Merger and Acquisitions, which of the following are relevant to Change
Management:
I. Digital Transformation
II. Smooth Transition
III. Restructuring
A. I only
B. II only
C. III only
D. II and III only
E. All of the above
Answer: A
Planned change, such as a merger or acquisition, involves preparing the entire organization
or a significant portion of it to adapt to substantial changes in the organization's goals and
operations. This often requires modifications in the structure, technology, tasks, and
personnel of the organization.

47
During a merger or acquisition, changes in technology may be necessary, making Digital
Transformation relevant in change management.
Since mergers and acquisitions can impact employees, ensuring a smooth transition is
crucial.
Additionally, mergers and acquisitions might lead to changes in the organizational structure,
validating Restructuring.
Q.96) Low employee turnover in a company indicates which of the following? (PYQ-2021)
A. High number of Employees Leaving the Organization
B. Employees are committed towards the Organization
C. Low Morale of Employees with the Organization
D. All of the Above
E. None of the above
Answer: B
Low employee turnover and absenteeism indicate that employees are motivated to stay
within the organization and are less likely to miss work. When turnover and absenteeism
rates are high, it not only reduces productivity but also requires significant time and
resources to recruit and train new employees. Furthermore, high turnover negatively
impacts the organization's reputation.
Q.97) Emotions in the workplace can impact various aspects such as Job satisfaction,
Motivation, productivity, and interpersonal relationships. which statement best describe
the nature of emotions?
I. They are simple psychological states.
II. They arise in response to internal stimuli only.
III. They can be both positive as well as negative.
Choose the correct statement.
A. I and ll only
B. I,ll and lll
C. I and lll
D. ll and lll
E. lll only
Answer – E
Emotions are complex psychological states that arise is response to internal or external
stimuli and can significantly influence how individuals perceive and respond to situations at
work

48
Q.98) Emotions are biological states associated with the nervous system brought on by
neurophysiological changes variously associated with
I. Thoughts and Feelings
II. Behavioral responses
III. Degree of pleasure or displeasure
Choose the correct statement –
A. I and ll only
B. I,ll and lll
C. I and lll
D. ll and lll
E. lll only
Answer – B
Emotions are not solely psychological phenomena but are deeply rooted in our biology,
influencing both our mental states and physical responses through neurophysiological
changes in the nervous system.
Q.99) Emotions have become part of the human experience and have continues to remain
so because of the function they perform. Which function of emotions primarily focusses
on their role in guiding behaviour and decision- making to ensure individual survival?
A. Interpersonal Function
B. Intrapersonal Function
C. Social and Cultural Function
D. Social and economic Function
E. Normative Function
Answer – B
Intrapersonal Function- They help one guide behaviour and make decisions so that we can
survive as well as function as human beings. For instance, they inform us when to fight and
when to leave a dangerous situation.
Q.100) Which of the following is not an aggressiveness strategy?
A. Building
B. Harvesting
C. Holding
D. All the given options are aggressiveness strategies
E. None of the above
Answer – D

49
Aggressiveness strategies are evaluated based on factors such as marketing assertiveness,
risk tolerance, financial leverage, product innovation, and decision-making speed. These
strategies are commonly categorized into four types: prospector, defender, analyzer, and
reactor

Q.101) Which of the following is not one of the things that a transactional leader
practices?
A. Target immediate objectives
B. Encourage original thought
C. Favor standardized processes and regulations
D. Encourage performance
E. None of these
Answer – B
Managers who adopt transactional leadership closely monitor their staff, ensuring that they
are rewarded for achieving goals and disciplined for any shortcomings. These leaders focus
on maintaining the organization's policies and standards to ensure smooth operations,
rather than driving expansion initiatives.
Leaders who practice transactional leadership:

• Prioritize immediate objectives.

• Prefer standardized processes and regulations.
• Tend to resist change.
• Discourage innovative thinking.
• Emphasize personal interests.
• Promote performance-based incentives.
Transactional leadership is effective when facing clearly defined challenges and when the
primary objective is task completion.
Q.102) “Learning by doing” is the motto of: -
A. Job Rotation
B. Job Enrichment
C. On-Job Training
D. Coaching
E. Job Analysis
Answer – C
On-the-job training plays a crucial role in enhancing skills that are essential for particular
jobs or work environments, emphasizing a hands-on learning approach.

50
Q.103) According to Ruch’s Concept of Personality which one of the following is not
included?
A. External Appearance
B. Inner awareness of self
C. Internal Appearance
D. Measurable traits with respect to inner and outer character
E. All of the above are included.
Answer – E
According to Floyd L. Ruch, personality encompasses external appearance and behavior,
internal self-awareness as a consistent organizing influence, and the specific pattern or
arrangement of measurable traits, both internal and external.
Q.) Read the following passage and answer the next 3 question (Q104-Q106)
Management is a continuous process that involves bringing together scarce human and
material resources and motivating people to achieve organizational objectives. It is not a
one-time action but a series of ongoing, interconnected activities. The collective activities
involved in management are referred to as the management process, which comprises a
set of interrelated functions necessary for achieving organizational goals. A process is a
systematic approach to performing tasks and involves converting inputs into outputs.
The management process can be divided into a series of interconnected functions.
Managers must carry out these functions within organizations to ensure that tasks are
accomplished by others. They employ a variety of methods to execute these functions
effectively.
104) In an organization, in what sequence will the following functions of a manager be
performed?
1. Motivation
2. Controlling
3. Organising
4. Planning
Choose the Correct Option-
A. 4,3,1,2
B. 4,3,2,1
C. 3,4,2,1
D. 3,4,1,2
E. 1,2,3,4
Answer – A
The management process typically begins with planning, followed by organizing, staffing,
motivating, and controlling.

51
105) Which of the following forms part of the ‘Planning’ function?
A) Forecasting
B) Choice among alternative courses of action.
C) Wishful thinking
D) Decision only by production manager
A. Only A
B. A and D
C. A and B
D. A, B and D
E. All of the above
Answer – C
The planning function of management involves several key steps, including establishing
objectives, developing premises, determining alternative courses of action, formulating
plans, securing cooperation, and following up on plans.
Wishful thinking is not considered a part of planning because it lacks concrete objectives or
goals to achieve.
Furthermore, planning is essential across all departments and levels of the organization, not
solely limited to the production function.
106) Determination of employee remuneration is a management function which comes
under _________.
A. Organizing
B. Planning
C. Directing
D. Coordinating
E. Staffing
Answer – E
Efficient management of human resources involves following a systematic procedure, which
includes recruitment, selection, placement, training and development, and providing
remuneration, among other steps.
Q) Read the following passage and answer the next 3 question (Q107-Q109)
Motivation is a complex yet influential aspect of human behavior. At times, it comes
effortlessly, propelling us into a flurry of enthusiasm. However, there are occasions when
motivation seems elusive, leading to a cycle of procrastination.

52
In scientific terms, motivation refers to one's general readiness to act, driven by various
psychological forces. Within the workplace, motivation is crucial for employees to feel
engaged and perform at their best. While some individuals are primarily motivated by
financial incentives, others find recognition and rewards more personally fulfilling. The
level of motivation directly correlates with employee productivity, underscoring its
importance in organizational success.
107) Shreya runs a clothing store, and she's noticed that her employees don't seem to
have a deep sense of responsibility about their jobs. Which of the following will help to
change this situation?
A. By offering more salary
B. By offering more job training
C. By offering more task variety
D. By offering more feedback
E. By offering more autonomy
Answer – E
Responsibility often stems from autonomy, where individuals are granted significant
freedom, independence, and discretion in their job roles. This includes the ability to
schedule work and determine the procedures for carrying it out. Therefore, empowering
employees with more autonomy could potentially assist Shreya in altering the current
situation at her job.
108) Alderfer suggested that a person can be motivated by fulling three types of needs –
Existence, relatedness and Growth (ERG). Which of the following is not true about
Alderfer's ERG theory?
A. It suggests that fulfilling one need lowers the motivation to fulfill another
B. It suggests that multiple needs can be satisfied at the same time
C. It suggests that in order to satisfy needs, a person must act
D. It is a simplified version of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
E. All are true
Answer – A
Clayton Alderfer introduced the ERG theory of motivation as a redefined version of
Maslow's need hierarchy theory. In this framework, Maslow's hierarchy of needs is simplified
into three broader categories:
Existence needs: Corresponding to an individual's physiological and safety needs as outlined
by Maslow.
Relatedness needs: Encompassing Maslow's social, love, and belongingness needs.
Growth needs: Encompassing Maslow's self-actualization and esteem needs.

53
One key distinction from Maslow's theory is that the ERG theory acknowledges that
multiple needs can be satisfied simultaneously. Additionally, the satisfaction of one need
does not diminish the motivation to fulfill another need.
109) Which of the following types of employees tend to work at higher levels of
productivity and strive to develop professionally?
A. Employees Who Are Financially Motivated
B. Employees Who Are Externally Motivated
C. Employees Whose Morale Is High
D. Employees Whose Morale Is Stable
E. Employees Who Are Intrinsically Motivated
Answer – E
Highly motivated and intrinsically driven employees tend to perform better, driven by a
sense of personal accomplishment and fulfillment. Incentives and rewards have limited
impact on these individuals, who are motivated by personal challenges and a strong sense of
identity within the organization. However, morale alone may not always translate to
increased productivity.
Q) Read the following passage and answer the next 3 question (Q110-Q112)
According to Wallace, a credo outlines a company's highest values, often containing "thou
shalts," while a code of ethics specifies ethical rules, typically "thou shalt nots." In the late
1980s, The Conference Board reported that 76% of surveyed corporations had codes of
ethics.
However, some business ethicists argue that codes may not hold significant value on their
own. They emphasize the importance of ongoing dialogue around the values outlined in
the codes. In larger organizations, separate codes may be developed for different
programs or departments. It's crucial that codes are not solely developed by HR or Legal
departments and that they are not just focused on legality. The involvement of top
management is essential in driving an effective ethics program.
110)What do ethics most closely relate to?
A. The wider community
B. Mission and vision of company
C. Employees and HR policies
D. Freedom of choices
E. Right or wrong behaviour
Answer – E
Ethics is the process of discerning between right and wrong, and subsequently acting in
accordance with what is deemed right. It involves identifying the best course of action that
aligns with what is considered good, just, and in harmony with the nature of the situation or
issue at hand.

54
111)A statement which gives organization-specific definitions of what’s expected and
required with respect to the behavior and actions within the organization is known as?
A. Vision Statement
B. Values statement
C. Mission statement
D. Code of Conduct
E. Code of Ethics
Answer – E
A code of ethics serves as a set of principles to assist professionals in conducting business
with honesty and integrity. It may cover various areas such as business ethics, professional
practice, and employee conduct. While a code of ethics provides a broad framework
outlining acceptable behavior and decisions within an organization, a code of conduct is
more specific, offering guidelines on how employees or members should behave in
particular situations.
112) A situation in which two moral principles conflict with one another is known as
______
A. Conflict of interest
B. Fiduciary interest
C. Ethics dishonor
D. Unethical behavior
E. Ethical dilemma
Answer – E
In philosophy, ethical dilemmas, also known as ethical paradoxes or moral dilemmas, occur
when a person is confronted with two or more conflicting moral obligations, none of which
takes precedence over the others. It is a situation where all available choices seem to be
wrong or inconsistent with accepted ethical principles.
113) Suraj is a manager who is out of town on a business trip. He needs to get some data
to a member of his staff rather quickly so a presentation can be updated. He chooses to
send the information via an email. This is an example of _____
A. Verbal Communication
B. Informal Communication
C. Upward Communication
D. Written Communication
E. All Of The Above
Answer – D
Here, Suraj's communication to his teammate is formal, written, and downward
communication.

55
Email, a type of written communication, is commonly utilized by individuals within an
organization. It qualifies as formal communication because information exchange occurs
officially, with communication flow being controlled and deliberate.
114) Which theory says that in an organization, employees compare themselves on the
basis of input and output of their colleagues?
A. Valence Theory
B. Equity Theory
C. Self-efficacy Theory
D. Theory X & Y
E. None of Above
Answer: B
According to Adams, who developed the theory, individuals evaluate the fairness of their
work situation in two primary ways:
1. Equity Norm: By comparing the inputs they contribute to the job with the outputs they
receive in return.
2. Social Comparison: By assessing what their equitable return should be after comparing
their inputs and outcomes with those of their colleagues.
115) Who gave the management principle of 'MBO'?
A. Philip Kotler
B. Michael Porter
C. Henri Fayol
D. Peter Ducker
E. NONE OF THE ABOVE
Answer: D
Management by Objectives (MBO) is a strategic management model designed to enhance
organizational performance by clearly defining objectives that are mutually agreed upon by
both management and employees. This approach posits that involving employees in goal
setting and the development of action plans fosters greater participation and commitment.
It also ensures that objectives are aligned throughout the organization.
116) Alderfer has condensed 5 needs of Maslow's theory into 3 categories of human needs
in which theory?
A. Expectancy Theory
B. Hygiene Theory
C. Reduction Theory
D. ERG Theory
E. None of the above
Answer: D

56
Clayton P. Alderfer's ERG theory, proposed in 1969, simplifies Maslow's five human needs
into three categories: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth.

117) For the first time, which of the following companies formally practiced the 360-
degree feedback appraisal?
A. ESSO- Exxon Mobil
B. General Electric
C. Tech Mahindra
D. Infosys
E. None of the above
Answer: B
A 360-degree feedback process gathers feedback from an employee's subordinates,
colleagues, and supervisor, as well as a self-evaluation by the employee themselves.
118) What's the term for giving authority or responsibility to a group or people?
A. Delegation
B. Assignment
C. Management
D. Agency Function
E. All of the above
Answer: A
Delegation is typically defined as the transfer of authority and responsibility for specific
functions, tasks, or decisions from one individual (usually a leader or manager) to another.

57
119) Which of the following assessment process analysis an employee's personality traits
& psychological process to assess his future potential?
A. Emotional Appraisal
B. Counselling
C. Career review
D. Psychological Appraisal
E. All of the above
Answer: D
Psychological appraisal is an engaging and insightful way to evaluate employees. Instead of
looking at past performance, this method assesses their potential for future success. It
focuses on emotional, intellectual, and personal traits that influence how well they perform.
This approach is particularly relevant today as employees often struggle to balance work and
personal life. By understanding this, psychological appraisal helps employees improve and
excel in the future.
120) Which of the following is a 4 - stage training evaluation model?(PYQ-2019)
A. Daniel Goleman
B. Clayton
C. Kirkpatrick
D. Joseph Schumpeter
E. None of the above
Answer: C

Kirkpatrick Model of Training Evaluation

58
121) A leadership theory in which dyadic relationship between leaders & followers are
formed is known as__________?
A. CRT Theory
B. LMX Theory
C. Vroom Model
D. Path Goal Theory
E. None of the above
Answer: B
The Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) Theory, which originated in the 1970s, examines the
dynamics between managers and their team members. Also known as the Vertical Dyad
Linkage Theory, it looks at how these relationships form and how they can either foster
growth or impede progress.
LMX is a relationship-based leadership approach that emphasizes the two-way interactions
between leaders and followers. It proposes that leaders build individual exchanges with each
subordinate, and the quality of these exchanges affects the subordinates' responsibilities,
decision-making, access to resources, and overall performance.
122) A leadership style in which rewards are given for contingent Performance.
A. Transformational
B. Managerial
C. Transactional
D. Bureaucratic
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Transactional leadership, also referred to as managerial leadership, emphasizes supervision,
organization, and performance. This management style is based on establishing clear
objectives for subordinates and using rewards or punishments to encourage compliance and
achieve goals, similar to the "carrot and stick" approach.
123) Which of the following is the indicator of 'Low Morale' in team?(PYQ-2019)
A. High Productivity
B. Low level of the motivation of some employee
C. High labor turnover
D. High level of motivation
E. None of the above
Answer: C

59
When morale is low, the following characteristics are often observed:
I. Decreased loyalty to the organization, resulting in high employee turnover
II. Indiscipline
III. Lack of interest in the job
IV. Absence of employee initiative
V. Lack of team spirit and cooperation
VI. Reduced employee confidence
124) A person's intellectual abilities, decision making capabilities, his behavior under high
stress situations can be termed as_________.
A. Intellectual Traits
B. Personality Types
C. Personality Traits
D. Personality Variables
E. None of the above
Answer: C
Intellectual personality is shaped by various factors, both internal (such as genetics and
temperament) and external (including environment, education, training, and life
experiences). This means that human intellectual interpretation involves mental processes
based on information processing and decision-making related to event evaluation.
Intellectual traits encompass qualities like intellectual integrity, independence,
perseverance, empathy, humility, courage, confidence in reasoning, and fair-mindedness.
125)________ is a psychological technique in which intensive group discussion and
interaction are used to increase individual awareness of self and others.
A. Sensitivity Training
B. Skill Training
C. Team Training
D. Managerial Training
E. None of the above
Answer: A
Sensitivity training is a method aimed at enhancing individuals' awareness of their own
goals and prejudices, as well as their sensitivity to others and group dynamics. It involves
intensive group discussions and interactions to promote individual self-awareness and
understanding of others. This psychological technique is implemented in various forms,
known by different names such as T-group, encounter group, human relations, and group
dynamics training.

60
Q) A passage on 3-D Leadership Model was given which was followed by 3 questions i.e Q.
126-128
The Three-Dimensional Grid or 3-D Leadership Model, developed by Professor Bill Reddin,
emphasizes the importance of aligning leadership behavior with situational demands for
effectiveness. According to this model, leadership effectiveness is determined by how well
the leader's style matches the requirements of the situation. There are four main
leadership styles identified within this framework: Separated Manager, Related Manager,
Dedicated Manager, and Integrated Manager.
Q.126) Leader enjoys involving team members & creating social bond & allows more
freedom. Which leadership style is described above?(PYQ-2019)
A. Integrated
B. Separated
C. Related
D. Dedicated
E. None of the Above
Answer: C

Reddin 3-D Leadership Model

The Separated Manager is primarily focused on enforcing rules and policies, often correcting
deviations and imposing regulations on others.
The Related Manager values collaboration and sees the organization as a social system
where teamwork is essential. They accept others as they are and prioritize working together
harmoniously.
The Dedicated Manager is task-oriented, prioritizing production and efficiency. They may
not engage much with subordinates and prefer to work with power and responsibility.
The Integrated Manager fosters open communication and teamwork, actively engaging with
subordinates to build strong relationships and effective collaboration within the team. Their
focus is on creating a positive and communicative work environment.

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127) A manager retains the cooperative nature of the group and encourages 2-way
communication. Which leadership is described above?
A. Integrated
B. Separated
C. Related
D. Dedicated
E. None of the above
Answer: A
The Integrated Manager actively engages with subordinates, fostering two-way
communication and collaboration. Their primary focus is on cultivating strong teamwork and
establishing an effective communication network within the organization.
128) The managerial grid theory on which reddens model is based, was given by________.
A. Tannenbaum and Schmidt
B. Blake & Mouton
C. Huneryager and Heckman
D. Hersey & Blanchard
E. None of the above
Answer: B
The Blake-Mouton Managerial Grid categorizes leaders based on their leadership methods,
enabling the identification of a manager's current leadership style and offering a training
pathway to achieve the desired leadership style. This matrix evaluates a manager's
leadership style through two dimensions:
1. Concern for Production (or Task)
2. Concern for People (or Relationships)

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