—Chapla: 02. L Scteas And —Equili i nim | o— o- 2 the unit less terms ane _called quantities. eke: Y Physical Quanlilies - | The “p Op vty 4 alter which «s | related with measurement - Examples = ; Mass, Time, remperalnre » Current ete. J f Digaeal Galles There ote wo 1 physical | quantities - wpe t a a- |maonitucle are called scafar aay || ase tes. i YeQUIv eS / ntitiog - exc, voles : Length» Mass Lime » pressure) density L: t proper untt« ef const -&. numbers _nith | Welle: Sealar quantiti¢s ran be added, subtracted or multiplied by notmal _method. % 7 s Graphical Sscaloy ave vepresented by Q_line which may be straight or curved. || the. vepresen bolita lt — b habetical letters. : |_ “2 g Mass (rn) > _gime Ct) » Force (N) = ete. Cyraph means line :- je —,Straight line a avrow head 16 a vector Xe hs We measure magnitude with suitable écale- Example s= Scalar + Scalar = Scalar Scalar x Scalar = Scalar Scalar + Vector = 9mpossible Scalar x Vector = Vector ye vect having both a Example: Weight ee albal guna tae lial pall seeps etc. Des Graphically vectors ave represen by a straight line with arrow head, ‘the length ine__explain the magnitude and head explain the Yeni. magni vector ran be take considerir Example: Lets Sms” /s eguat to oe Sens" =lem Then the line 4 _tcm | Somst —is_vepresenterl as| ave vep% b inbolic_Zeprescrlalian | ~ ———14_hold_dpce letter either’ capi) o,zeatal—f "0 svtical din€ ts_¢ Ted. Yani 8 ye + rr 3 is_ aso called number plane & gysten|_— = or 2D gilen. LL — = - + —— Sone ; h, a is ty ght li fn_which one 1S _S: Ang! 7 ( Jwo NES 10 oe , name Plane”. Veta Gn XY Plane = Methad 4: =a ZS a | Palar_forr_f vector cansi [A,6) “where” A_sepyesents magattude | vecloy Aan resents oly 0with aN ayrow ” over below it+ For Example: A,B,C ete. | | | | wma] (rg r 4) also (pce Jeter , Ov'GID XOxX’= X- anis yoy’ = y- aus ram 4S eee of two | routuall Sines in secling _ each other at a fat HM “Ordin® point called Orsi | 7 | |" 1d x. SO Examp les- y _ na 7 : a i Methiad 2 o a(t ChxyAy)| (Ares Ay) (-Ans-A (fou-Ay) DY) Y Rectangwar component. form oy ‘artesian form a a x Consist (a,b) : | long _x- axiie | A pened along y-axis an Ay aby pte Top Sem De Ps ey Peery [ | | KXa Hmeena -9n 3D System a_vertor should have 1 three coordinates - — i Let A (asbsc) / z-au's / yous 4} A_vector_can be explain with three | a {Lang les . = a =? ang le_with x-axis pee B_~? angle with _y-axts = y => angle with Z-axis —A 5D_system consist of three plane|_ These aye:— XY - plane YZ _- plane XZ - Plane Example og Plane :- | (1,000) — 4D (x- plane) (0220) - 4D) _Cy- plane) __(0,0,4) = 4D _(z-plane) H+ (2, 3:0) -2D_ (xy- plane) 22024) -2 XZ~- Plan (0, 324) - 2D (y¥z-plane) LL (23,5) ~ 3D _vechr (xyz - plane) (42 6,7) _— 30 vector (x¥z- plane) | | | | PoUnit Verto ob A_vecioy ne Land_sk 2 wae explain_te magnitude td one direction - To A a A 7 magni: vector pail vectoy — A ACmagaitude) 4 "alin veclor ) Alunit vecbr)__~ A_wit- vector _y on __alphabatic _/etfer» b te yaxts = i a lets (ao b,c) i a= al — ih b= bf ti C= Ck ia (8502-3) = oi -3k_ in (9.d,0) =Al +34 |a Unlike Vedors / Unpasalll Veeck Vectors io apposite alt tion: | Example: - bnomey mo -ebeemorg rel ruaat renege gual Vit Same civeclian and same Sessile magni ‘tudle - L Example = Weqali S$: Z Vectoys in _Same magnitude but ‘te divectfon - |Examyple + — Gllincar. Veclors:- | Vectoys line _tn_same_line-. Exg, ple: or Like ve tors, ualike_ve oclor = veclors and. negative vectors. | _~ G dy ix“ puxpase we second vector by foining 4 ae sdinst vecloe aah 000+ At the 'tag__vectoy is d/awnh a oa taid_f ihe Ainst i head! — the__last« AAddikan of Veetows: 1 can be added graphically by | ~ i draw dizst ot_and then deaaing rer | aes PII, WOR Can_vectoy obey commutative law ition The_addition 4 vector obey commutative law _becquse — ow effect | wpoa yesultant vecto esther we add 7 (A with B) oy (8 ah )Af \ _—— 1 ee ee /Topic Resultant Vector: (RY OA ts a vector ee ie eo Some edhe clay the combine a ‘the veclors which are. hie an i292 thers “Sabliaclion af Yedtoras seblection of a vecl 2 actual the._addition’ 0] a same Same _ | vector but _with opposite dtvection. | Exam le: A-B = A+(-B): vector _(s__multip lied) by a positive number let nz0__ then ib magnitude because "n” times but its divection yamain Same ALZZ 2A —{ 4, a Xd cnultiplied by a negalive number tet neo then although magnitude ‘n’ times but Db _divection Becomé ar. multiplied a vector by a scalav we_ would have anew physical quantity _ which is alsa a_vector . | When: Scalar x, Vee for = vector i my_2P 1 xample. ne E to! | ; I — yall Medea L (e760 Vector) i Z2%0 } ( ( A_vector whose magnitude and having undefined diveclion._|__ | Examples a —~ | Splitting da. vechoy_into_tuo_av “vectors | 1_called” resolution of vector. She r7 |_vectors so obtained “are called component 4 ; the vectors 0) Hat —ia—tppacidle “addition tf _vector.| _— __¢)_| y loci n la vector by wo" ov more nents which having same affect nthe th | ave eoeiol or_the# °t combined t effect id Caual Io that vectayTS TN +S Fopic lan els of | i i CL. gulas_Compone | Ts Ae Ve, t TS Jecl on te TS + (9n_ WY - Plane: L + In_xty- plane _a. vector can be resplued || foto _4wo Aeclangulay companent: Si 4G Let A (Ax Ay) | 4“ Ax_component abng x-axis 4, Ay conponeel along y- anisQuestion: Fenian, ©: A= BE. COs. 30°, —~—_|—(Uyp ye (Base)? (Pesp)” AZ = Ax? + Ay? Faking 7 on b+S | A= VAx? + Ay” | tan@ = Pe/ Base lan = fy/ Ax b= tao” (AI Ax) | Question : Fs JON _»82 SN yp) "= Base)" + Per pl. Abs 10’ + ¢* A*z 100 +285 TT | AP 128 a Taking 4 yoot on b+ | > A= eB — tand = FerP/Base TES | tanb= aL pe tanb= 10. —| @ = tan” (0-S) = 26-S°a % 1 ry — ia (Ax, Ay) | CAx> Ay) |_— —~ |__4 (90"t0_180")| (0°~ to 40) |_ (Can ,—Ay) | (Ax: -Ay) = (10°40 276) | (270"t0 360) ou Y’ Vy 2 tan =| > lanO= +! Oz tant!) 4 62 tan") _6= 45° 3 b= 45° 7 inal Divection: » Final Divection: i L97 dies ‘on Zrd Ot Stes i'n ast ' re 180+ 0 > Ee 0+6 1 2 BOH4S” | € = O4 45° j = p—_f= 40° | tat Way Fe VFeteFy* * (Megnitu: Fe VC-3)74 C4)”, : —_ Fa V a+l6 Fe V¥25 foc *| tan® = Fy (Angle ) _ Fx tang = ~ 47-3 ae ee ee C473) 4 O= $313" - ; 97 Dies in Sr Quad (fiaal Divectioo)| __ @- 120+ 0 f= 180+ $3:13 G= 233-13°ad r aaa xy- Plane t 20 system i Adding these vectors by headl to tard mara vabe so thot R-A+B equation} Lat z Tp My dy tpt Resolving these vectors into vectangulat components y aSdex and Rx ave the x components of of. A,B and PR Rez Ax +Bx .-- equation_it x Ag+ Baad, ae ave_-the » _peomponeats G | 42B ond. = 7 p= Ay+ ze ss epuation The resultant vector ian teyms of- ane Th ve resultant vectoy R= Ras Ry Rs Re + Ry* : R= V (Art By)+ (Ay + By) Re Divection: tanO0 = RY Rx tonb = "Y*89/ox+Bx 6 = tan! (AYt By/An +x) we have number 4 vectors AsBC... | Re AtB+rC.. Ruz Ant Bat Cu. m1 Ry Ay + By t Cy wn tude : R= VRx*+ Ry fs VAnt Bx $0.2 J+ Aye By ily 2)” Direction an Yaad 2 Ri kx Bz dan" (A+B / py Bet Cpu) - fond = 14 By tly Pes Bet Cuedhe product of two vedios ath sesult i Schlor és Y product Ls NOW AS "Dot Product”. The_dot_prodiuct 6 A AB = ABeosO 4.= Magnitude A B= Magnitude gp B= Angle between = a ABx = AB cos policed ll cla HHE scalar product we consicley magnitude one vector and _magaitude st other vector 2 ae jes eal conesclivection of that veclor. Dot product obey commutative Jaw | i:@ A-B = AB cosO . _B:A = BA cos: Qe Pet pendicalak Vela | Dot “product df +4wo yectors in papel Zero. A-B = AB CaO 20200" ALB_= AB cos (90) ~ cpsoet ALB = AB cos 90 COs 20'=0 AB <0 COS 180= -i more Phen 30° then there aot | product 1 negative: A: B = A&B CSO= Vecles Product: Cevoss produc he product twp vectors whith result! 4 in vector qeaatity called vector product. 9t cs also cos because syebbllicaly we use (*) between two vectors. & || The cross product of A_and 8 can be witten oa) AXB= AB sin 04 Az Magartude. Gg. 4 8B: Magarlude Bs Angle between ? end & As Aormal ®_||Note:- 9n case of cross product we use verticaS componen4 6 yectoy because it_contribute in 2otational motion. * Ve use unit vector to cross product. becquse_it explain the ditection of, cvOss pro fe *||We use __j_ (normal unit vector) because | _ the__clivection of cross _prwducl is |. perpantlicular | to both vectors which | ate multiple Diteclion of Ca od - | ar :| Right Hand ale : q li 190 3 Noe iy Right hand vale” accoxdiog p this 4 ~urling a7 ners op [4 othey vector IhYon allet angle and ‘keeping _-the D ALTE» i 4 Co-Linean Veclnes: | AXB = AB sin A ~ 94.0 -= 0° b/w and 8 5 AxB = AB sin O A £ AxB= 0 440 Lx i=0 f kxkeo Bs. Oz) A fh ea ‘@The "crass py A twe _perpondhic ual |_vectoys Ze ‘Maximum + AvB = ABsiag A ~4 ALB f e@ 6= 90° AxB = AB sio 90 A Ax B = ABO | x hf = tlifl ain 904 : | Lexgs WU) ke a ixje f flee lgxk = a . kets} | Pal 7 i Z x Aoticlock wise. Rive Diveclion eee Is. aS s + | kx y= = S | —2.¥ k= 4 = * Clock use *-ve Directionaa between Sine. action gh and. fouce “2s plied on a b /but thar 4 ee affect whoo acl {= ; —- points shen ten ach - body in aie ‘rigid body’. -iy _uned ty explain _the_position 14 point “Pith sespect doo. Where Fb acti oint P ON li moking oe 3 ith ¥. aa EF unto wo components Ex i gta produced due Ta “Ex” passes through the_atigin 0 ve “on only produced due Wnty. | engi 2 u : ; Logue 2 (moment. te (/)(Fy) tz Y¥Eon@d vector Form: = 7 x 4 = @, m7 : The _dtveclion Gh. Leng, can _be by Aight hand tule » According bo a ] | | awe cuslng he singed ~tgtt bowel — 4: The_ thu | “the cieata of. Droue . - Torque Min: ait @ a4 ZeVxeE Der sind aa VE, 6290 teagan —_ —+4Book. lying _on the table in a ; 2 |Dynamic_Equilibsiam: 4 the number "4 ‘doveea | “acting pe. th waijote aatine 14 Example: | Motion G earth around _|_— the sun. :¢ pagina ti Fes $ aaa body thet the “"D 26:0 _| Co- Planner . 94 the oreo Me jin same plane Ithea__the ae soli to be £o_planner Example: Let @ anal_fs_lie_in_8Y=plane| then ‘these ata called co = Planner. ad. 1-44 f, and _f2 ate acting upon Q body jaad 22 Dody 2 la egudbibrina. 24 20 ZEx <0 Zfy =0 ie \Concatsenl forces: | forces ate set t be concurrent <2 4, they pass Hhxough Same poi’ [Jon eguilibriam, Joces can be —concuuneeit Fa. Fy — ean fe =Dye (Rotational Equiliibrinem ) the_sun 6 torque acting upon z ° U fe a body in ‘0’ then th vtat bbl 4 me Ee ! Fis t0N ft a4 | same avm x spon =” = 3mx iON | 4 Foor —fe_80Nm Sum_efy Torque: _» Zen | ZE=0 E |__— ——||_ _Anticlockwice = Clock wise _| pata wise — Clock wise = 0 mE¥ | Numexicals Mamerica) $03 A_1-B lg schoo! bag hanges_ia_ the. poe clothealine «causing il) » S an_angle 62 3-80. Jind tension Tin the clothesiine - Pato. : Mz 1-84k9 We mg We (1-84) (9:8) We IBN Ts ieee Zin 0. ha-Txsd B 00s 3-S"- Ti 20 3-5 =0 L_toB-S = i x heh => | Zey20 2 1 hy + hy = -W =O Te in3:S+ Ty sin3-S = W as 21sin 3:5 = 1B Te 8 /2sin 3-5 ts !8/2(0-064) 'B/o.122 z 148 N Sees oF itlle ee incon al_aspeed. 4. | Determine the the hortzonlad i ‘cab componerils _g_the velocity. | Data: = Ys 2/ms O= 54° |_@ Vx =? Vy = 2 2 Vas Veos 0 Vy = Vsio 6 __| Vx = 21 cos S4° Wy = 2/1 sin $4" Ves 12-34 Vy = 16-98 Numerica)_: 0B* Of Ziod_the magnitude and direction pair Of Conponeal: a or ae ey the folowing b) Ax= + 3-9am_2 Ay= -I-8m [ a) Ax = =. 2- 2» Bent Ay = +4. em Ziom as. Ax= -2-3cm A= Ne ay (4) — Az 4-701=_2 fe 2 9 Be V (Ant (ye [ Ae ¥(3-9)(-1-6)- AzVIS 914 3-24 Az Vi8- 45 Az 4-29 Divection: tond= "Y / dx = 24.7 inal Direction: : W f= 360-6 Z = 360- 24.7 [ Sie ere ) A= 4-7 Ons 293° _(b) he 4.3 2338.2)a r _ wt hy iz | aaa stan ['2/25) E = 26.S* Ve lve)" (Ny) } 2 = find! +(12)* Vz 29m /s 1a a — 5 | Numerical No §!= Vector _F- having mag) nitude S-SN. makes 10°_with park. dol ny [tt ~~ Is en Wy— I The 4 ft] ead crass prodhtch reser the vectors »—— Daila: A:8 atl ABcosO = 613 weg f AxXR = 6 ABSnB = & s+-eq,i Divi yom viding —e4- pees ABcasO ia sin8 - 1 C058 V3 dang = !/N3 O= fan’ CN3) Be oo T_| numerical No_7:- | 4 pe ed wegh LD bien / s+ as balan, feo Data: d Lx, — [oS ° | ! POA ~ R, =O:Stx | | 0, = /S A Ry = O-S~x 7 ws 6N Rex 9% TP] \= (Ww +(w Us) (0-5-x)= Co)(0-S +x) (a) [ 7§ -1$X= St [OX + 6% E 7-6-S= 1Ox tOxt1SH a 2S = 3lt 4 2:S/3) = % 0: =.% lq it efi Distance —pyon 4 CAs: RSs ly = 0:5 +X 0-6-4 =0:S 10-08 = pS -0-08 = 0:58 m = 0:-4lm Numerical No B:- A 40m long widen [a ladder with weight .... the wall. | Data: [4 1 deca v Susan | | | s t AN sy tisEwan = .2 Moment dam = ly = shy.sia® ———— W= 120 Y= Du = 9'cosO ecordling lo _2ad Condition: Tastew Corin) = (Fwan (Dy. : cas Bs Fay (4 sin 8 ) = @=70 82:08 = Fun (3-758) 82-08 = Fveit 3:7S58 : 21-BN = Fron Saar iri rome xe Ol ON c oF aN FE. = els V (hn) eS y =V(ol-8) + fs Ewes ee illa SF pls 26 rer WOK 9 Mio | ws mg | Ww, =m trae 9-B) w= (030)(9 8) rade N __ we 2456N no actin on a bap tse fee lo. Heg-alang aan (Rt RP\ (wy, +2) 20 Rp ee RetRe = 6866 > i ia 2 Tru = Se Actes 7 — a _ C105 cr Lt Benen) (w(x) = = : Rp ( @) 4 ) 17640 41207306 = BRe 271136 = Ry alt 4-2IN= Ry — —q Puig —— | tare 2 oes f= 6666. s7aa1 1) v1) jt me i