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Farm Machinery and Detd

A-1 course for Agricultural Engineering student

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abhishekchaudhary2201571
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16 views

Farm Machinery and Detd

A-1 course for Agricultural Engineering student

Uploaded by

abhishekchaudhary2201571
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DE/TD PROJECTS

(A rational step-by-step procedure for solving open ended design problems - Design Engineering Projects)

1 REALIZATION OF NEED
Preliminary need statement of the sponsors, identification of need
2 PROBLEM FORMULATION
Designer's problem statement. State what is to be achieved (and not how) in the most general terms.
Statement should not suggest solutions to the problem.
3 NEED ANALYSIS
a) Analyze in detail what is to be done Understand what is to be accomplished. What are the existing
devices or methods of doing this? Will the proposed device be better - saves time? Saves labor?
Cheaper? More efficient? Will there be demand for the device? Who will be the users? What are
their likes, dislikes, needs? Will this device meet their needs? Will there be an economically justifiable
need for the product?
b) Identify Objectives What will be the WANTS of users? Ease of operation, performance requirements,
safety, appearance, reliability, ease of use (ergonomic requirements), lightness, portability, comfort in
use, durability, floor area needed, compactness. Find the relative importance of objectives (WANTS).
Prepare the weighted relative attributes matrix (if relevant).
c) Activity Analysis Identify inputs, outputs, desirable and undesirable, restrictions on inputs, outputs and
the system. MUSTS and MUST NOTS. Interactions between subsystems and components and of the
system with the environment - desirable and undesirable.
d) Set target objectives and design specifications Identify desirable performance, cost and time
objectives (WANTS) and genuine restrictions on inputs, outputs and system MUSTS (and MUST
NOTS). Specify minimum requirements and objectives to be attained ad MUSTS. Use 'Trade Off' of
objectives.
e) Develop the general philosophy of design.
4 GENERATION OF LARGE NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS (Design Concepts)
Analyze in detail what is to be accomplished. What are the various steps? What are the different
functions? How to do them? What physical devices will effectively accomplish these functions? How it
was done before? What will be the difficulties? How to overcome? Think of as many ways as possible of
accomplishing the functions.
LARGE NUMBER OF
Use design methods to create ideas - Brain storming group, individual -
DESIGN CONCEPTS
check lists - Analogies - Morphological analysis, synctics, trigger words.
Generate as many design concepts as possible - this is CREATIVITY AT
WORK. DO NOT USE JUDGMENT OR EVALUATION OR DECISION AT THIS STAGE.
List all the ideas generated. ?
poor PR
idea

5 SCREEN FOR FEASIBILITY


a) Check all ideas for feasibility one by one. ok
i) PHYSICAL REALIZABILITY: WILL IT WORK under the circumstances ?
next

when made? Can this be developed into successful design? poor TF


What is the probability under the constraints of time and money?
What are the sub-problems - can they be solved satisfactorily? ok
Was it done before?
the

ii) TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY: Are any natural laws being violated? Will ?
poor SA
the expected performance levels be adequate? Can it be made
with the talent, skill, facilities, know how, machinery available? Is
up

ok
the raw material available easily and continuously? Are the
MUSTS satisfied? Can it be serviced, replaced, repaired easily? ?
Take

Is it foolproof? (damn fool proof?) Adaptability to changes? poor EV


iii) SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY: Is it easy to use? Will it be acceptable to
ok
the bodies and minds of people (ergonomic considerations)?
User comfort? Does its use produce pollution, noise, harmful ?
effects, hazards, bad smell? Does its use have any undesirable poor FF
effect on social, cultural or religious sentiments? Will the society
accept it? Is it safe for the users, public in general? ok
iv) ECONOMIC VIABILITY: What will be the cost? Will it have economic COLLECT FEASIBLE
advantage for the users? Will its value in the eyes of users be DESIGN CONCEPTS
more than its selling price in the market? Will it be needed by
users? Will there be demand for it at the cost it can be made and price it can be sold in the
market? Will a manufacturing concern earn profit?
v) FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY: What resources are needed for its design development and manufacture on
commercial basis? Can they be procured? How?
b) Eliminate the concepts which are impossible, improbable and those having low physical realizability,
poor technical feasibility, socially unacceptable, too high a cost, poor economical viability, high and
unobtainable finance for design development and manufacture.
c) Find 'utility' of the remaining design concepts. Quantitative decision matrix may be used, if relevant.
Find the best solution concept on the basis of high PR and high 'Utility'.
6 PRELIMINARY DESIGN
System conceptualization - Functional block diagram - think of the physical systems (or devices) to accomplish
different functions as per the finally selected design concept. System synthesis - interactions between
subsystems - desirable and undesirable - compatibility - sensitivity analysis - formal optimization for best
performance (if relevant) - simplification - minimum parts, compact design. Do overall design calculation for
fixing sizes, capacities, desired outputs, overall layout etc.
7 DETAILED DESIGN
a) Sketch mechanisms for different functions - synthesize the subsystem, design for coordinated working
as a whole. Determine the size and shape of parts on the basis of function, strength and production
requirements. Support and retainment of parts, ease of assembly, ease of operation and use, ease of
cleaning, maintenance, repair and replacements, accessibility. Design for packing, shipping,
appearance. Use standard and easily available parts and components.
b) Prepare Drawings
i) Assembly drawings to show all the parts, constructional details, methods of assembly and working
of the system - give as many as views as necessary. Add sectional views or enlarged views of
parts and assemblies where needed to show details clearly.
ii) Detailed (or shop) drawings - one for each part showing sufficient number of views (full or
sectioned) to define the part completely in shape and size. Give material specifications,
manufacturing instructions, surface finishes and toleranced dimensions.
8 FABRICATION AND TESTING
Prepare operation sequence for the fabricated parts, assemble the prototype and test. Prepare a test
report.
DOES THIS EFFECTIVELY SATISFY THE IDENTIFIED NEED?
HOPEFULLY IT DOES. IF NOT, TROUBLESHOOT / MODIFY

9 COST ESTIMATE
Prepare a rough estimate of cost.

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