Memory 1

COMPUTER
MEMORY
Presented by: Keshav , Vidhath , Arnay
COMPUTER MEMORY
A computer system needs memory to store the data
and instructions for processing .
'Memory' of a computer system, refers to its primary
memory.
The secondary memory (also called storage device) is
used to store data, instructions and results
permanently for future use.
A computer system uses binary numbers to store and
process data. The binary digits 0 and 1, which are the
basic units of memory, are called bits. Bits are the
smallest unit of memory.
Bytes can be grouped
together to make bigger chunks or units of memory , given in the table below
Unit Description Unit Description
1KB = 1024
KB (Kilobyte) PB (Petabyte) 1PB = 1024 TB
Bytes
MB(Megabyte) 1MB = 1024 KB EB (Exabyte) 1EB = 1024 PB
GB(Gigabyte) 1GB = 1024 MB ZB(Zettabyte) 1ZB = 1024 EB
TB(Terabyte) 1 TB = 1024 GB YB (Yottabyte) 1YB = 1024 ZB

PRIMARY MEMORY CACHE MEMORY SECONDARY MEMORY
Primary memory is an essential RAM is faster than secondary Primary memory has limited
component of a computer storage, but not as fast as a storage capacity and is either
system. Program and data are computer processor. So, because volatile (RAM) or read-only (ROM).
loaded into the primary memory of RAM, a CPU may have to slow Thus, a computer system needs
before processing The CPU down. To speed up the operations auxiliary or secondary memory to
interacts directly with the primary of the CPU, a very high speed permanently store the data or
memory to perform read or write memory is placed between the instructions for future use.
operation CPU and the primary memory The secondary memory is non-
This is of two types known as cache. volatile and has larger storage
i ) RAM - Random access memory it first examines the cache. In case capacity than primary memory. It
SRAM and DRAM the requirement is met, it is read is slower and cheaper than the
ii) ROM - Read only memory from the cache, otherwise the main memory.
PROM , EPROM , EEPROM , primary memory is accessed.
EAPROM
A hard disk is the main secondary storage medium
for computers, which is fixed inside the CPU cabinet..
It can hold a large amount of data . Data is recorded
on both sides of the disks , Disks are further divided
into tracks , sectors and cylinder to store and
retrieve data with ease.
Optical Memory
Optical memory uses light beams
for its operation. It was developed in the fourth
generation of computers. It is mainly used for storing
audio/video and taking backups. It is also very
convenient for carrying from one place to another. It
requires an optical drive for its operation. Its read/
write speed is slower as compared to the hard disk
and flash memory. CDs, DVDs, and BDs are examples
of optical memory.
Apart from HDD a better storage medium known SSD

is also used
Compact Disc (CD): It is an optical storage device. A CD is a thin,
shiny, circular disc that can store up to 700 MB of data and
measures 4.7 inches in diameter. A CD can hold text, graphics,
sound, images, and videos. It can be used for data backup and
storing software. To access data from a CD, you need to place it in
the CD drive, which is located on the front panel of the CPU
cabinet.
+ Digital Versatile Disc (DVD): It is an optical storage device, used for

data storage and recording movies with high-quality video and
sound. Though a DVD is similar to a CD in shape and size, it can store
six times more data than a CD. The storage capacity varies from 4.7
GB to 17 GB.
It is another optical disc format that can store upto 25 gb of data on

its single side and 50 gb on its dual side. its storage is five ties more
than that of a dvd , it is mainly used to store high quality videos ,
audio etc
Flash Drive A flash drive is a secondary data storage
device that uses flash memorytfor storage purposes
they are portable light weight and small
A pen drive is one of the most popular data storage
devices. They are plug and play devicestand can be
connected to the computer with a usb port. Pen drive
They are used to transfer data from one computer to
another. A memory card is a storage medium for portable devices
like mobiles,digital cameras. These devices transfer images
Memory Card and music files into a computer using a memory card
reader. They are available in various storage capcities,
ranging up to 512 GB
May

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COMPUTER

Unit Description Unit Description

MB(Megabyte) 1MB = 1024 KB EB (Exabyte) 1EB = 1024 PB

GB(Gigabyte) 1GB = 1024 MB ZB(Zettabyte) 1ZB = 1024 EB

TB(Terabyte) 1 TB = 1024 GB YB (Yottabyte) 1YB = 1024 ZB

Apart from HDD a better storage medium known SSD

+ Digital Versatile Disc (DVD): It is an optical storage device, used for

It is another optical disc format that can store upto 25 gb of data on

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