Travel Past Paper

Cambridge International AS & A Level
BUSINESS 9609/23
Paper 2 Data Response October/November 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 60
Published
This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.
Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.
Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.
Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2022 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level components and some Cambridge O Level
components.
This document consists of 23 printed pages.
© UCLES 2022 [Turn over

9609/23 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme October/November
PUBLISHED 2022
Generic Marking Principles
These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers.
They should be applied alongside the specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors
for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these marking principles.
GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:
Marks must be awarded in line with:
• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.
Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).
Marks must be awarded positively:
• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit
is given for valid answers which go beyond the scope of the syllabus and mark scheme,
referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these
features are specifically assessed by the question as indicated by the mark scheme. The
meaning, however, should be unambiguous.
Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed
instructions or in the application of generic level descriptors.
Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question
(however; the use of the full mark range may be limited according to the quality of the candidate
responses seen).
Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should
not be awarded with grade thresholds or grade descriptors in mind.
© UCLES 2022 Page 2 of 23

PUBLISHED 2022
Social Science-Specific Marking Principles

(for point-based marking)
1 Components using point-based marking:

• Point marking is often used to reward knowledge, understanding and application of skills.
We give credit where the candidate’s answer shows relevant knowledge, understanding
and application of skills in answering the question. We do not give credit where the answer
shows confusion.
From this it follows that we:
a DO credit answers which are worded differently from the mark scheme if they clearly
convey the same meaning (unless the mark scheme requires a specific term)
b DO credit alternative answers/examples which are not written in the mark scheme if they
are correct
c DO credit answers where candidates give more than one correct answer in one
prompt/numbered/scaffolded space where extended writing is required rather than list-type
answers. For example, questions that require n reasons (e.g. State two reasons …).
d DO NOT credit answers simply for using a ‘key term’ unless that is all that is required.
(Check for evidence it is understood and not used wrongly.)
e DO NOT credit answers which are obviously self-contradicting or trying to cover all
possibilities
f DO NOT give further credit for what is effectively repetition of a correct point already
credited unless the language itself is being tested. This applies equally to ‘mirror
statements’ (i.e. polluted/not polluted).
g DO NOT require spellings to be correct, unless this is part of the test. However spellings of
syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus terms
with which they may be confused (e.g. Corrasion/Corrosion)
2 Presentation of mark scheme:

• Slashes (/) or the word ‘or’ separate alternative ways of making the same point.
• Semi colons (;) bullet points (•) or figures in brackets (1) separate different points.
• Content in the answer column in brackets is for examiner information/context to clarify the
marking but is not required to earn the mark (except Accounting syllabuses where they
indicate negative numbers).
3 Calculation questions:
• The mark scheme will show the steps in the most likely correct method(s), the mark for
each step, the correct answer(s) and the mark for each answer
• If working/explanation is considered essential for full credit, this will be indicated in the
question paper and in the mark scheme. In all other instances, the correct answer to a
calculation should be given full credit, even if no supporting working is shown.
• Where the candidate uses a valid method which is not covered by the mark scheme,
award equivalent marks for reaching equivalent stages.
• Where an answer makes use of a candidate’s own incorrect figure from previous working,
the ‘own figure rule’ applies: full marks will be given if a correct and complete method is
used. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where necessary and any
exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

PUBLISHED 2022
4 Annotation:
• For point marking, ticks can be used to indicate correct answers and crosses can be used
to indicate wrong answers. There is no direct relationship between ticks and marks. Ticks
have no defined meaning for levels of response marking.
• For levels of response marking, the level awarded should be annotated on the script.
• Other annotations will be used by examiners as agreed during standardisation, and the
meaning will be understood by all examiners who marked that paper.

PUBLISHED 2022
PREPARATION FOR MARKING

1 Make sure that you have completed the relevant training and have access to the RM Assessor
Guide.
2 Make sure that you have read and understand the question paper, which you can download from
https://support.rm.com/ca
3 Log in to RM Assessor then mark and submit the required number of practice and standardisation
scripts. You will need to mark the standardisation scripts to the required accuracy in order to be
approved for marking live scripts. You may be asked to re-mark them, or to mark a second
sample, if you do not meet the required accuracy on your first attempt.
MARKING PROCESS
1 Mark strictly to the FINAL mark scheme, applying the criteria consistently and the general
marking principles outlined on the previous page.
2 If you are in doubt about applying the mark scheme, consult your Team Leader.
3 Mark at a steady rate through the marking period. Do not rush, and do not leave too much until
the end. If you anticipate a problem in meeting the deadline, contact your Team Leader
immediately and the Examiners’ Helpdesk.
4 Examiners will prepare a brief report on the performance of candidates to send to their Team
Leader via email by the end of the marking period. The Examiner should note strengths seen in
answers and common errors or weaknesses. Constructive comments on the question paper,
mark scheme or procedures are also appreciated.
MARKING SPECIFICS
Crossed out work
1 All of a candidate’s answers, crossed out or not, optional or not, must be marked.
2 The only response not to be marked is one that has been crossed out and replaced by another
response for that exact same question.
3 Consequently, if a candidate has crossed out their response to an optional question and gone on
to answer a different optional question then both attempts must be marked. The higher mark will
be awarded by the system according to the rubric.
0 (zero) marks or NR (no response)

1 Award NR if there is nothing at all written in answer to that question (often the case for optional
questions).
2 Award NR if there is a comment which is not an attempt at the question (e.g. ‘can’t do it’ or ‘don’t
know’ etc.)
3 Award NR if there is a symbol which is not an attempt at the question, such as a dash or question
mark.
4 Award 0 (zero) if there is any attempt at the question which does not score marks. This includes
copying the question onto an Answer Booklet.
Annotation
1 Every question must have at least one annotation e.g. <NAQ> if it is an NR and <X> or <seen> if
0 marks are awarded.
2 Every page of a script must have at least one annotation e.g. <BP> for a blank page.

PUBLISHED 2022
Question Answer Marks
1(a)(i) Define the term ‘revenue’ (line 10). 2
Knowledge Marks
A correct definition 2
A partial, vague or unfocused definition 1
No creditable content 0
A correct definition should include the following elements:

• the income received by a business
• for selling products and services.
Exemplar Rationale Marks
Selling price  quantity sold Both elements 2
The money received by a Both elements 2

business from selling goods.
Income from sales. Both elements 2
Total value of all sales Both elements 2
Money earned due to the One element 1

payment of price from the
customer
The cash received by a One element 1

business.
What a business has to pay Confusion with costs 0

to produce goods and
services.

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1(a)(ii) Explain the term ‘above the line promotion’ (line 6). 3
Award one mark for each point of explanation:
C Example or some other way of showing good 1 mark

understanding
B Through a media/paid for 1 mark
A Communication/advertising/creating awareness to 1 mark

consumers/customers
Note: Do not award C mark unless A and B marks have been awarded.
Content
Above the line promotion is the use of media to promote a business and
reach out to the target consumers.
These include conventional media, television and radio advertising, print as

well as internet. This is communication that is targeted to a wider spread of
audience and is not specific to individual consumers.
Above the line promotion is All three elements. 3

where a business advertises
(A) using media (B) such as
television (C).
When a business pays All three elements. 3

another business (B) to
communicate (A) about its
services, for example when
Coke pays a radio station to
play an advert (C).
Tv advertising A and B 2
ATL promotion is a form of A only – do not award the C 1

communication (A) between mark unless B has been
the business and the awarded.
consumer, for example a
billboard.
Above the line promotion is Confusion with promotion in 0

when an employee is employment.
promoted from within the
business.

PUBLISHED 2022
1(b)(i) Refer to Table 1.1. Calculate the break-even number of customers for 3
Venue B.
Rationale Marks
Correct answer with or without correct working or units 3
Correct calculation of contribution 2
Formula 1
Content
Fixed Costs
= $14
Price – VC per unit (contribution)
$2000
= 142.9
$14
Answer = 143 customers (3) allow 142.88, 142.9
OFR
Common incorrect answers

Answer Mark Rationale
143 3 Correct answer
2000/14 = 142 2 Incorrect final answer
BE = fixed cost/contribution 1 Formula only
142 (no working) 0

PUBLISHED 2022
1(b)(ii) Explain one way in which PM could use break-even data. 3
Level Knowledge and Application Marks
2b Explanation of one way a business can use break 3

(APP) even data in context
2a Explanation of one way a business can use break 2

(K+K) even data
1 Identification of way a business can use break 1

(K) even data
0 No creditable content 0
Note: OFR from answer to Q1(b)(i)
Content
• Shows how many customers are needed at each venue (venue B = 143
OFR) so that PM can start making a profit from each venue.
• Helps PM to see which venues are likely to be most profitable (venue B
is most profitable).
• Shows PM the likely margin of safety for future venues (venue B MOS =
457 OFR).
• PM can model different prices for different venues and make sure a
minimum level of profit is gained.
ARA
Exemplar Mark Rationale
Helps in business decision 3 All three elements seen

making (k) to see which
shows and movies (app) are
most popular (kk)
Calculates (Shows) the 2 No application

income/revenue needed to
make a profit (k) to check the
financial health of the
business (kk)
Reach a point where they 1 Minimum requirements for

don’t lose money break even

PUBLISHED 2022
1(c) Analyse two advantages to PM of training the team of customer 8

service workers.
Knowledge
and Analysis
Level Marks Marks
Application (4 marks)
(4 marks)
2b Shows 4 Developed 4
DEV + DEV
APP + APP
understanding analysis of two
of two advantages of
advantages of training in
training in context
context
2a Shows 3 Developed 3
understanding analysis of one
DEV
of one APP advantage of
advantage of training in
training in context
context
1b Shows 2 Limited 2
AN + AN
knowledge of analysis of two
K+K
two advantages of
advantages of training
training
1a Shows 1 Limited 1
knowledge one analysis of one AN
K
advantage of advantage of
training training
0 No creditable content
Content:
Training is the action of improving an employee’s knowledge and/or skills.
Indicative content
AO1 Knowledge and understanding
Knowledge of training may include:
• Increase productivity
• Improve customer service
• Motivate the workers
• reduce customer complaints
• reduce damages
• Improve communication

PUBLISHED 2022
1(c) AO2 Application

Application may include:
• show customers to their seats – workers will need to know the seating
configuration, where each seat is.
• sell food and drink – PM sells soft drinks, popcorn and other snacks
• assist with parking for those customers who bring a car (valet parking)
• workers may need training on driving customer cars, customer service
training etc.
AO3 Analysis
Analysis may include:
• Increased productivity – (increase the sales of food and drink, park
customer cars quicker/more efficiently) – may increase revenue.
• Increase customer satisfaction – repeat purchases etc.
• increase employee satisfaction – decrease staff turnover.
• Reduce customer complaints – decrease costs/increase customer
retention.
• Reduce damages – decrease costs.
• Improve communication – decrease speed of set up and take down (of
screen and seating).
ARA
Examples of how an answer could develop and how it should be annotated.
K APP AN DEV
Can be more When selling Avoids people So they will be

efficient food and drink waiting for a long more satisfied
time
Can motivate In charge of Will offer an And increase

workers valet parking excellent service the brand
reputation

PUBLISHED 2022
1(d) Evaluate the economies of scale that PM might gain from booking 11
larger venues.
Annotation
Annotation
Knowledge and Analysis and
Application (4 Marks Evaluation Marks
marks) (7 marks)
EVAL + EVAL +
Justified evaluation
EVAL
based on arguments 7
in context
EVAL +
Developed
EVAL
evaluation based on 6
arguments in context
An evaluative
EVAL
statement based on 5
Shows
Arguments based on
DEV +
APP +
DEV
understanding of two
APP
economies of scale 4 two economies of 4

in context scale in context
Shows
understanding of Argument based on DEV
APP
one economy of 3 one economy of 3

scale in context scale in context
Limited analysis of
K+K
AN +
Knowledge of two
AN
2 two economies of 2
economies of scale
scale
Shows knowledge of Limited analysis of

AN
one economy of 1 one economy of 1

K
scale scale

PUBLISHED 2022
1(d) Indicative content:

AO1 knowledge and understanding
Knowledge of economies of scale may include:
• Internal economies of scale:
– purchasing,
– marketing,
– financial,
– technical,
– managerial/specialist,
– risk-bearing.
• External economies of scale:
– concentration,
– infrastructure.
Note: describing an EoS is allowable as Knowledge
AO2 Application
Application may include:
• Moving to larger venues – more seats
• Films projected on to big screen.
• Temporary contracts for 20 employees at each venue – may need more
workers.
• Transportation of consumables (food and drink).
• Set up and take down of the screen (a day for each).
• Six weeks above the line promotion before each venue.
AO3 Analysis
Analysis may include:
• Purchasing – able to bulk buy consumables for a venue which may
reduce unit cost of these items – increase profitability (assuming same
price) or decreased price – increased sales/competitiveness.
• Marketing – ATL promotion can be spread over larger venue – reduce
average costs – profitability – however will the length and amount of
promotion need to be increased for ten times the length of time at a
venue?
• Financial – limited context – increased venue may lead to a larger
business and therefore lower average finance costs.
• Technical – may be able to afford a better projector or screen –
reducing average costs. May be able to afford more recent films?
• Managerial/specialist – can employ workers for a longer time period –
training spread over more customers, can afford to employ better
salespeople (food and drink), valet parkers, better customer service.
• Risk-bearing – costs spread over a larger number of customers –
however spread over less venues – the wrong venue might increase
risk.
AO4 Evaluation
Evaluation may include:
• A judgement over the economies of scale.
• Evaluation of the relative impact of different economies of scale.
• Elements that the evaluation/judgement might depend upon – local
competitors, the chosen venue(s), workers available in the area, length
of time needed to market before longer event, availability of larger
venues, demand etc.

PUBLISHED 2022
1(d) ARA

K APP AN DEV EVAL
internal Purchasing Reduces Increases The

bulk unit cost of profit economies of
products for item margins scale will be
the food mostly
stand beneficial for
PM
Risk As allocated Increases However Likely to
bearing fixed costs margin of can reduce increase
remain safety over atmosphere overall profits
static at 143 BE if larger However
$2000 point venues are depends upon
empty whether
marketing is
successful and
the film choice
is suitable for
the audience

PUBLISHED 2022
2(a)(i) Define the term ‘batch production’ (line 17). 2
Knowledge Marks
A correct definition 2
A partial, vague or unfocused definition 1
A correct definition should include the following elements:

• Separate groups/set amount/limited number – do not accept batch.
• Go through production process together before moving on to the next.
Batch production is where quantities of identical goods are produced in

small groups. They go through the production process at the same time.
Production is then switched over to allow another batch to be produced.
Example(s) not required.
Exemplar Mark Rationale
Batch production is where 2 A correct definition

quantities of identical goods
are produced together and
then move on to the next
process
A group of products go from 2 Both elements covered

one stage of production to
the next together
Produced at the same stage 1 Partial definition
When products are made in 1 Partial definition

small quantities
Products made one a time 0 Confusion with job

production
Products made continuously 0 Confusion with flow/mass

and are all the same production

PUBLISHED 2022
2(a)(ii) Explain the role of an ‘entrepreneur’. (line 1) 3
Award one mark for each point of explanation

C Example or some other way of showing good 1 mark
understanding.
B Understanding of one or more roles of an entrepreneur. 1 mark
A Knowledge of what an entrepreneur is/knowledge of a 1 mark

characteristic of an entrepreneur
Content
An entrepreneur is a person who sets up a business and takes on financial
risks in the hope of profit. Someone who co-ordinates the other factors of
production.
The role of an entrepreneur includes:

Allow any reasonable characteristic of an entrepreneur, for example:
• risk taking
• innovative
• multi-skilled
• leader
• resilience/able to bounce back
• sets up a business
• passion
• self-confidence
• ambition
• hardworking
• persuasive
• aiming for profit (do not allow ‘get rich’ – too vague)
• makes decisions
• entrepreneurship is one of the factors of production
• organises the factors of production
• organises/raises/provides finance
• an example of an entrepreneur
• Takes initiative – starting a business and planning ahead.
• Innovative - changing, adapting and developing their products and the
way they do things in a business.
• Identifying opportunities - new products and opportunities to expand
into different markets.
• Organising resources – to effectively manage employees, money,
buildings, products and any other business resources.

PUBLISHED 2022
2(a)(ii) Examples might include, specific businesses/entrepreneurs/decisions made.
A risk taker who sets up a All three elements. 3

business to make a profit,
deciding the business’ market
and activities
A risk taker who sets up a All three elements. 3

business to make a profit,
Takes the risk of bringing A mark for risk and courage 2

together the factors of and B for brings together the
production factors of production
Risk taker A only 1
ARA
2(b)(i) Refer to Table 2.1. Calculate the change in PP’s market share between 3
2020 and 2021.
Rationale Marks
Correct answer with or without correct working or % 3
Correct calculation of both market share figures 2
Formula or correct calculation of one market share figure 1
Content
Business sales volume
 100
Market sales volume
0.8m
 100 = 25% (2020)
3.2m
0.82m
 100 = 20% (2021)
4.1m
20% – 25% = –5% (decrease of 5%)
Answer = –5% (3)

PUBLISHED 2022
2(b)(ii) Explain one implication for PP of a fall in market share. 3
Level Knowledge and Application Marks
2b Explanation of one implication of a change in 3

(APP) market share in context
2a Explanation of one implication of a change in 2

(K+K) market share
1a Knowledge of one implication of a change in 1

(K) market share
0 No creditable content 0
Note: allow OFR from answer to Q2(b)(i)
Context:
• Market is growing but market share is decreasing.
• PP is a public limited company.
Implications may include:

• Increased competition – which PP may need to respond to
• PP may need to market their products more successfully – to remain
competitive/relevant
• Need to improve promotion, price, distribution, product differentiation
• PP’s share price may fall – lack of investor confidence
• Decrease in demand – if a loss of reputation or image (no context
allowed as demand has increased in context)
ARA
Example of how a response may develop and should be marked:
Identification of an Explanation Possible context

implication (K+K – 2 marks) (APP – 3 marks)
(K – 1 mark)
Decrease in Need to increase To gain back –5% MS

competitiveness marketing budget
Reduction in share Lack of investor Share price

price confidence

PUBLISHED 2022
2(c) Analyse two factors which may affect PP’s choice of a source of 8
finance to build the additional factory.
Level Knowledge Marks Analysis (4 Marks

and marks)
Application (4
marks)
2b Shows 4 Developed 4
understanding analysis of two
DEV + DEV
APP + APP
of two factors factors
affecting affecting
source of source of
finance context finance in
context
2a Shows 3 Developed 3
understanding analysis of one
of one factor factor affecting
DEV
APP
affecting source of
source of finance in
finance in context
context
1b Shows 2 Limited 2
knowledge of analysis of two
AN + AN
K+K
two factors factors

affecting affecting
source of source of
finance finance
1a Shows 1 Limited 1
knowledge of analysis of one
one factor factor affecting
AN
K
affecting source of
source of finance
finance
0 No creditable content
Note: this question is not asking candidates to analyse possible sources of

finance. Analysis should only be rewarded for a factor affecting the choice of
a source of finance.
ARA

PUBLISHED 2022
2(c) Indicative content

AO1 Knowledge and understanding
Factors may include:
• Cost
• Flexibility
• Control
• Use of finance
• Level of existing debt
• Timeframe
AO2 Application
• $1.5m capital
• fixed use (for a building)
• Emily and Kabir own 50% of shares
• factory is to develop product portfolio
• short term – can start construction immediately
AO3 Analysis
• likely to need a long-term source of finance – affordability of
repayments
• Building project may over-run – PP may need some flexibility for
contingencies
• Share issue may make them lose control of the business – ability to
make future decisions
• extend sales in a growing market – future sales may cover any finance
costs
• speed of funds could be important – may restrict options

K APP AN DEV
Cost of finance $1.5m High monthly Increases financial

repayments risk
Length of Long May affect Which makes

finance term/mortgage gearing ratio sourcing additional
adversely finance more difficult

PUBLISHED 2022
2(d) Refer to Table 2.2 and other information. Evaluate PP’s use of different 11
payment methods for its employees.
Annotation
Annotation
Knowledge and Analysis and
Application (4 Marks Evaluation Marks
marks) (7 marks)
Justified evaluation 7
EVAL + EVAL +
based on arguments
in context
EVAL
EVAL +
Developed 6
EVAL
evaluation based on
An evaluative 5
EVAL
statement based on
Shows 4 Arguments based on 4
DEV +
APP +
DEV
understanding of two two payment
APP
payment methods in methods in context

context
Shows 3 Argument based on 3

DEV
understanding of one payment

APP
one payment method in context

method in context
Knowledge of two 2 Limited analysis of 2

K+K
AN +
AN
payment methods two payment

methods
Shows knowledge of 1 Limited analysis of 1

AN
one payment one payment

K
method method
Note: evaluation based on argument in context of any two methods can

achieve full marks.

PUBLISHED 2022
2(d) AO1 Knowledge and understanding

Knowledge* of payment methods may include:
• Payment methods:
– time based – e.g. hourly rate
– salary – paid the same every month
– piece rates – paid per outcome
– commission – paid per sale made
– bonuses – extra payment for hitting targets
– profit sharing – dividing profit by getting a percentage
– performance related – different levels of pay for different targets
*Knowledge must be in the form of definition or understanding as the
payment methods are clearly stated in the text
AO2 Application
• Public limited company – answerable to shareholders
• Decorated plant pots
• Growing market
• Creative designers – piece rate
• Manufacturing employees – time based
• Supervisors – salary
• Managers – salary and profit sharing
AO3 Analysis
Creative designers
• Payment by results of how many new designs are created – may
motivate employees to produce new design – links productivity to output
– controls costs.
• Piece rate may lead to a focus on quantity not quality – unlikely to lead
to creative innovation – more likely to lead to hitting specific targets.
Manufacturing employees
• Time based, so could be an emphasis on ‘going slow’ to maximise pay
but at a minimal output – may allow them to gain overtime payments but
will increase PP’s costs
• Since pots are made using batch production, other systems may not be
suitable as the changeover time would not allow a piece rate system
and might be unfair. Time based allows for different times to produce
different pots and could be a simple payment method for these workers.
May also be in line with minimum wage legislation in country K.
Supervisors
• Salary allows for a known payment each week/month/year and this may
allow PP to plan and forecast cashflow better. May also allow PP to get
a higher output from the supervisors for the same payment.
• May not motivate the supervisors as their pay is not linked to hours
worked or how many are produced. Might be most appropriate as they
are not producing products.

PUBLISHED 2022
2(d) Managers
• Mangers are making the functional decisions and therefore the ultimate
profitability of the firm is likely to be based on their decision making.
Therefore, linking their pay to the profits is likely to motivate them and
lead to better decision making.
• However, the market share is declining – does this mean that the
managers might not get paid. Might this lead to a high staff turnover for
managers leading to poor decision making. Loss of profit for the
shareholders (including Emily and Kabir) – also less money for
reinvestment, especially the new factory.
AO4 Evaluation
• A judgement/evaluation over the suitability of different payment
methods
• Evaluation of the relative benefits/costs of each payment method
• Elements that the evaluation/judgement might depend upon – type of
worker, objectives of the firm, type of workers (theory X and Y),
profitability of the firm, productivity of the different employees etc.
ARA
K APP AN DEV EVAL
Piece rate Plant pots Motivates However PP’s use of

paid per unit designed employees can lead to different
produced to create as a lack of payment
many creativity/ methods is
designs as care mainly
possible beneficial
because the
employees
Time based For Manufacture So quality do different
paid per decorated wouldn’t be should tasks which
hour plant pots rushed improve/be have different
high motivational
requirements
Especially as
they are in a
dynamic
market and
need to be
flexible

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Cambridge International AS & A Level

This document consists of 23 printed pages.

© UCLES 2022 [Turn over

Generic Marking Principles

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

© UCLES 2022 Page 2 of 23

Social Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Components using point-based marking:

From this it follows that we:

2 Presentation of mark scheme:

© UCLES 2022 Page 3 of 23

© UCLES 2022 Page 4 of 23

PREPARATION FOR MARKING

0 (zero) marks or NR (no response)

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) Define the term ‘revenue’ (line 10). 2

A partial, vague or unfocused definition 1

A correct definition should include the following elements:

Exemplar Rationale Marks

Selling price  quantity sold Both elements 2

The money received by a Both elements 2

Income from sales. Both elements 2

Total value of all sales Both elements 2

Money earned due to the One element 1

The cash received by a One element 1

What a business has to pay Confusion with costs 0

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Question Answer Marks

Award one mark for each point of explanation:

C Example or some other way of showing good 1 mark

B Through a media/paid for 1 mark

A Communication/advertising/creating awareness to 1 mark

These include conventional media, television and radio advertising, print as

Exemplar Rationale Marks

Above the line promotion is All three elements. 3

When a business pays All three elements. 3

ATL promotion is a form of A only – do not award the C 1

Above the line promotion is Confusion with promotion in 0

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Question Answer Marks

Correct answer with or without correct working or units 3

Correct calculation of contribution 2

Common incorrect answers

143 3 Correct answer

2000/14 = 142 2 Incorrect final answer

BE = fixed cost/contribution 1 Formula only

142 (no working) 0

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Question Answer Marks

1(b)(ii) Explain one way in which PM could use break-even data. 3

Level Knowledge and Application Marks