Unit fig Present perfect and past 1 (I have done and | did) a Study this example situation ‘Tom is looking forhis key. He can’t find it. Hehas lost hiskey. (oresent perfect) ‘This means thathe doesn't have his key now. Now Tom has found his key. He has itn Has he lost his key? No, he has found it. Did he lose his key? Yes, he did. He lost his key (past simple) butnow nehas found it. (present porte The present perfect (something has happened) is a present tense. It tells us about the situation now. “Tom has lost his key'=he doesn't have his key now (see Unit 7) The past simple (something happened) tells us only about the past. If somebody says ‘Tom lost his key, we don't know whether he has the key now or not. We know only that he lost it at some time in the past. Compare present perfect and past simple: © They've gone away, They'll be backon Friday. {they are away now) (© They went away, but | think they're back at home now. (not They've gone away) © Ithas stopped raining now, so we don't need the umbrella {it isnt raining now) (© ttstopped raining fora while, but now it’s raining again. (not thas stopped) You can use the present perfect for new or recent happenings: Ive repaired the washing machine. I's working OK now, © ‘Hannahhashad ababy! It's boy. “That's great news” Usually, you can also use the past simple: (CO Irepaired the washing machine. It's working OK now. Use the past simple (not the present perfect) for things that are not recent or new: (O Mozartwas a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music (not has been ... has written) © My mother grew up in taly, (not has grown) Compare: Somebody has invented 2 new type of washing machine. Who invented the telephone? (not has invented) we normaly use the past simple: © A: Ow! "ve burnt myself 8: How did you do that? (nothave you done) picked up ahot dish. (not have picked) ok! Somebody has spilt something on the sofa ea We use the present perfect to give new information (see Unit 7). But fwe continue to talk about it, b: Well, it wasn't me. | didn't do it. (not hasn't been ... haven't done) resent per 26rear Exercises 13 Complete the sentences. Use the present perfect where possible, Otherwise use the past simple. The office is empty now. Everybody (go) home, Helen - (go) to New York fora holiday, but she's backhome in London now. _) Can you help us? Ourcar | (break) down, [FEB] Are the undertined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 1 Did you hear about Sophie? She's given up her job 2. My mother has grown up in Italy 3. How many plays has William Shakespeare written? 4 [ve forgotten his name. Is it Joe or Jack? 5 Who has invented paper? 6 Drugs have become a big problem everywhere, 7 We've washed the car, but now it’s dirty again 8 Where have you been barn? 9. Elie has gone shopping, She'll be back in about an hour, 0 Albert Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity. Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1 lt stopped. The town where lve is very different now. . I studied German at school, but most ofitnow. (I/ forget) The police three people, but later they let them go. (arrest) What do you think of my English? Do you think 2 (it/improve) Are you ready to go? raining for a while, but now it’s raining again. {it/ stop) ged. alot. {it/ change) your coffee? {you /finish) fora job as a tour guide, but| wasn't successful. (|/ apply) ‘outside the house, but it’s not there now. {it / be) anaccident. (there / be) Where's my bike? Quick! We need to call an ambulance. .. 10 &: Tye found my phone. 8: Oh, good, Where .. k 11 &: Ben won't be able to play tennis for a while. fe: Oh, How... K it? (you/ find) at the bottom of my bag. [It / be} his arm. (He / break) -? (that / happen) offa ladder. (He / fall) aTWait rv Present perfect and past 2 (I have done and I did) We do notuse the present perfect (1 have done] when we talk abouta finished time (for example, yesterday / last year / ten minutes ago etc). We use a past tense © twas verycold yesterday. (not has been) © Paul and Lucy arrived ten minutes ago. (not have arrived) ©. Did you eat 2 lot of sweets when you were a child? (not have you eaten) © [got home late last night. | was very tired and went straight to bed. Use the past to ask When ...?or What time ...? (© When did your friends arrive? (not have © What time did you finish work? Compare: Presentperfect ©) Tomas lost his key. Hecan't get nto the house. © sCarlahere or has she left? an Compare: 28 Present perfect have done) © ve done 2 lot of work today. We use the present perfect fora period of i that continues untif now, For example today / this week / since 2010 shed ithasn’t rained this week, Have you seen Anna this morning? {itis still morning now) ©. Have you seen Sen recently? inthe last few days or weeks) I've been working here since 2010. (still work here now) ©. \con'tknow where Lisa is. |haven't seen her. (I haven'tseen her recentty) We've been waiting for an hour. (we are still waiting now) ©. Jacklivesin Los Angeles. Hehas lived there for seven years ©. Fve never ridden ahorse. (in my life) ttsthe fast day of your holiday. You say: Us been 2 really good holiday. Pve really enjoyed it stsimple-® Unit 5 ‘ect -> Units 7 resent p arrived) Tom lost his key yesterday. He couldn't get into the house © When did Carla leave? ©) Idid 2 lot of workyesterday. 1@ past simple fora fir For example: hed time in hed ) Itdidn’t rain last week, id you see Annatthis mon {itis now afternoon or evening) 2? ©) Did yousee 8en on Sunday? © tworked here from 2010 to 2014 jon't workhere now) O & Was isa at the party on Sunday? w: Idon'tthinkso. | didn’t see her We waited (or were waiting) fo-an hour. (we are no longer waiting) © Jacklived in New York for ten years, Now he livesin Los Angeles. ©. Inever rode a bike when | was a child © Atter you come back from holiday you say: Iwas a really good holiday. | really enjoyed it. Present perfect and past Unit 13Exercises EERE) Are the underlined parts of these sentences OK? Correct them where necessary. 1 [ve lost my key. I can'tfind it anywhere fave you eaten a lot of sweets when you were a child? You must come and see it 2 new car last week. Where have you been yesterday evenin Maria has left school in 1999, im looking for Mike. Have you seen him? ‘Have you been to Paris? im very hungry. | haven't eaten much today. 10. When has this bridge been built? [EEE] Make sentences from the words in brackets. Use the present perfect or past simple. 1 t/ not / rain / this week) (che weather / be / cold / recently) he weather {Emily / earn /a lot of money / this year) (she / not / earn / so much / last year) (you / have / a holiday recently? 2 3 4 5 (I not /eat / any fruit today} 6 7 8 [EEE] put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1... haven't. been (I / not / be) to Canada, but I'd like to go there. 2 Pauland Lucy arrived. (arrive) 2bout ten minutes ago 3 I'mtired, (1/ not / sleep) well last night 4 {There / be) 2 bus drivers’ strike last week, so {there / be) no buses. 5 Edwa (work) in a bank for 15 years. Then the /give) itup. Now he works as a gardener. 6 Mary lives in Dublin. (She /ive) there all her 7 My grandfather. _ (die) before was born (I/never / meet) him 8 don't know Karen's husband, (I never f meet) him, 9 It’s nearly lunchtime, and {not / see) Martin all morning. | wonder here heis. 10 a: (you / go} to the cinema last night? B: Yes, but the movie (be} awful las (it / be) very warm here since we arrived, e: Yes, (it/ be} 35 degrees yesterday. 12 &: Where do yau live? &: In Boston, 1: How lon} (you / live) there? 8: Five years, &: Where (you / live) before that? a: In Chicago. A: And how long. 7 {you / live) in Chicago? @: Two years FEE]] write sentences about yourself using the ideas in brackets. 1 (something you haven't done today) ..|_haven’t eaten any fruit today... 2 (something you haven't done today) 3 (something you did't do yesterday) 4 (something you did yesterday evening) 5 (something you haven't done recently) 5 (something you + Additional exercises 2-4 (pages 302 04), 14-15 (pages 310-11) 29