Conjunction

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Conjunctions

Words which connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences are called conjunctions (see "to conjoin" = join, unite). The most common ones are
'and', 'or' and 'but'. These words all have different nuances and connotations but they all help to build up meaningful relationships within a sentence.

Conjunctions

Cohesive Devices
A variety of useful English Conjunctions exists, which complete this list of the most used Cohesive Devices. Together, they can help to
express a cohesive view and easy understandable and readable texts.

There are three basic types of conjunctions:

Definition

coordinating conjunctions
used to connect two independent clauses
subordinating conjunctions
used to establish the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence
correlative conjunctions
used to join various sentence elements which are grammatically equal

Coordinating Conjunctions
Comes usually in the middle of a sentence, and a comma is used before the conjunction (unless both clauses are very short). They join
individual words, phrases, and independent clauses.
Whereas coordinating conjunctions join parts of a sentence, the purpose of transitional words and phrases usually is to join two 'sentences'.
Examples:
We can draw lessons from the past, but we cannot live in it. [Lyndon B. Johnson]
The purpose of most computer languages is to lengthen your resume by a word and a comma. [Larry Wall]

And, but, for, nor, or, so, and yet — are the seven coordinating conjunctions. To remember them, the acronym FANBOYS can be used.

1. F = for
2. A = and
3. N = nor
4. B = but
5. O = or
6. Y = yet
7. S = so

Subordinating Conjunctions
Also called subordinators, introduce a dependent clause. These adverbs that act like conjunctions are placed at the front of the clause - and a
comma is needed at the end of the adverbial phrase when it precedes the main clause.
Examples:
If the only tool you have is a hammer, you tend to see every problem as a nail.
[Abraham Maslow]
Some people make headlines while others make history. [Philip Elmer-DeWitt]

Conjunctions Conjunctions Time Relative Adjective


Concession after that
though as long as what
although as soon as whatever
even though before which
while by the time whichever
now that
Conjunctions once Relative Pronoun
Condition who
since
if whoever
till
only if whom
until
unless whomever
when
until whose
whenever
provided that
while
assuming that
even if
Conjunctions
in case (that) Conjunctions Reason Manner
lest because how
since as though
Conjunctions
Comparison so that as if
than in order (that)
Conjunctions Place
rather than why
where
whether
wherever
as much as
whereas

Correlative Conjunctions
They are always used in pairs and denote equality; and show the relationship between ideas expressed in different parts of a sentence - and
thus make the joining tighter and more emphatic. When joining singular and plural subjects, the subject closest to the verb determines whether
the verb is singular or plural.

as . . . as either . . . or what with . . .


just as . . . so neither . . . nor and
both . . . and whether . . . or
hardly . . . when if . . . then not only . . . but
scarcely . . . when not . . . but also
no sooner . . .
than
rather . . . than

Conjunctive Adverbs
They are often used as a linking device between ideas. They show logical relationships expressed in clauses, sentences or paragraphs.
Conjunctive adverbs are very emphatic, so they should be used sparingly.

Similar to And Similar to But Similar to So

also however accordingly


besides nevertheless consequently
furthermore nonetheless hence
likewise still meanwhile
moreover then
conversely therefore
instead thus
otherwise
rather

List of Conjunctions
Conjunctions are also sometimes called - or put in the category of - Linking Words. Please feel free to download them via this link to the
category page:
» Linking Words & Connecting Words as a PDF.
It contains all the conjunctions listed on this site. The image to the left gives you an impression how it looks like.

Further helpful readings about vocabulary (examples included): » Smart Rephrased Proverbs ¦ » Rare & Funny Tongue Twisters ¦
» Learn Chinese in 5 minutes

Writing Tip: In order to save precious characters and typing time, there is a rich language of text abbreviations used in Text Messaging, Twitter,
SMS and Chat.
It is quite a long list that probably does not include every » Text Abbreviation & Internet Acronym ever invented — but the most popular.
Even if you restrain yourself from memorizing and using them all, you might find it handy to know a place where you can look up and thus
decipher what someone is writing.

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