Effect of Sound in Plants-1

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY
EDUCATION
AISSCE
BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

NAME: Tiyash Paul
CLASS: XII-A
STREAM: SCIENCE
ROLL NO:
TOPIC: EFFECT OF SOUND IN PLANTS
SESSION: 2024-2025
1
CERTIFICATE
SWAMI VIVEKANANDA ACADEMY

FOR EDUCATIONAL EXCELLENCE
An endeavour of Dr. Patra’s Educational Trust, Purba Bardhhaman and

affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi- 2430202
This is to certify that Tiyash Paul of class XII-A, has successfully
completed the investigatory project on the topic “EFFECT OF SOUND
IN PLANTS” under the guidance of the teacher Mrs.Madhurima
Chowdhury during the session 2024-2025 in the partial fulfilment of
biology practical examination conducted by CBSE.
---------------------
--------------------
STUDENT’S SIGNATURE INTERNAL’S
SIGNATURE
2
---------------------
--------------------
PRINCIPAL’S SIGNATURE EXTERNAL’S
SIGNATURE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

biology teacher Mrs. Madhurima Chowdhury for her valuable
guidance and support in completing my project.
I would like to extend my gratitude t our Principal Sir, Mr.

Gautam Kumar Hazra and Vice-Principal Mam, Mrs. Kusumita
Ganguly for providing us with all facilities that were required.
I can’t forge to offer my sincere thanks to my classmates who

helped me to carry out this project work successfully and for
their valuable advice and support, which I received from them
time to time.
____________________
DATE: XII(A)- SCIENCE
3
INDEX
S.NO TOPIC PAGENO
1. INTRODUCTION 5
2. SOUND PERCEPTION IN PLANTS 6-7
3. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT THE 7-8

RESULT OF EFFECT OF SOUND
IN PLANTS
4. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 8
5. OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS 9-10
6. SOUND PERCEPTION IN MICRO AND 10-11

MACROALGAE
7. SOUND APPLICATION 11-12
8 CONCLUSION 13
4
9. BIBLIOGRAPHY 14
INTRODUCTION:-
Sound is a vibration that propagates in the form of a sound

wave through a medium that can be a liquid as water, a gas as
air or a solid material. Sound is predominant in nature. Recent
evidence supports the notion that naturally occurring and
artificially generated sound waves contribute to plant
robustness. Research indicates that certain frequencies and
intensities of sound can influence various physiological
processes in plants. For instance, studies have shown that
exposure to specific types of music or sound vibrations can
enhance seed germination rates, promote root and shoot
growth, and increase overall biomass production.
One proposed mechanism for these effects involves the

stimulation of plant tissues by sound waves, which can induce
mechanical vibrations. These vibrations may trigger
biochemical responses within plant cells, affecting processes
such as nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and hormone
production. Additionally, sound waves could potentially alter
gene expression patterns in plants, leading to changes in their
growth patterns and stress responses. Moreover, the impact of
sound on plants may not only be limited to natural sources but
could also include human-generated sounds, such as music
played in agricultural settings or urban environments.
Understanding how sound influences plant physiology could
have practical implications for agriculture, horticulture, and
5
ecosystem management, potentially leading to novel
approaches for optimizing plant growth and improving crop
yields.
Sound Perception in Plants: -

Can plants perceive sound? And what sounds are they likely to be
“listening”?
An ability to respond to these sounds could thus have a significant
adaptive value for plants. We suggest the term phytooacoustics to
describe the emerging field exploring sound emission and sound
detection in plants. Plants communicate both by sending volatile
chemical signals and through the network of fungi that intersects the
root. Plants can produce sound waves at relatively low frequencies such
as 50-120 Hz.
From several years it has been demonstrated how plants can absorb and
resonate specific sound frequencies and how sound waves can change
the cell cycle of the plant. Sound waves vibrate plant leaves accelerating
protoplasmic movement in cells. A study found that some stress-
induced genes could be activated at the level of transcription under
sound stimulation. The stimulation of sound waves could also increase
the plant plasma-membrane H + ATPase activity, the contents of soluble
sugars, soluble proteins, and amylase activity of callus. Sound vibrations
can influence the rearrangement of microfilaments, increase levels of
polyamines and soluble sugars, change the activity of various proteins
and regulate the transcription of certain genes.
6
Evidence for Sound-Evoked Physiological Reactions in Plants
Recent studies show that plant organisms perceive sound as a

mechanical stimulus and translate it into cellular and metabolic changes.
Sound stimuli can influence germination rates and increase plant growth
and development, improving the yield of some crops. Furthermore,
sound waves can improve plant immunity against pathogens and can
also increase their tolerance to drought. The sound exposure increases
the absorption efficiency of the light energy which translates into
greater photosynthetic. Plants can recognize the mating sounds of insect
larvae and the humming of a pollinating bee and respond accordingly.
Experiments to find out the result of effect of

sound in plants: -
 In 1973, a woman named Dorothy Retallack published a small
book called The Sound of Music and Plants. Her first experiment
was to simply play a constant tone. In the first of the three
chambers, she played a steady tone continuously for eight hours.
In the second, she played the tone for three hours intermittently,
and in the third chamber, she played no tone at all. The plants in
the first chamber, with the constant tone, died within fourteen
days. The plants in the second chamber grew abundantly and
were extremely healthy, even more so than the plants in the third
chamber.
7
One of the more amusing accounts of sound tests on plants
appeared in May 1993 issue of Popular Mechanics entitled
"Growing Corn to Music". It was seen that "music" plants sprouted
faster, were greener and their sterns were thicker and tougher
than the " silent" plants.
 Another experiment with spring wheat & winter wheat, exposing

the plants to various frequencies either during germination period
or growth period. It was observed that there was an increase in
the growth stimulation of the plants treated with 5kHz when
compared with plants given no sound.
8
Apparatus and procedure
The plants were housed in environmental chambers, 162 cm high and
153 cm wide ,84 cm deep with 2 cm thick walls. The environmental
chambers were made by Percival Co. Of Boone, Iowa, USA. They
controlled the temperature and lighting, and provided a constant flow of
air by means of in-built fans and vents. The operating specifications of
the chambers were: Photoperiod: DAY/NIGHT; Thermoperiod: 0 to 150
degrees F / 15 to 65 degrees C; and fluorescent lighting; 6 tubes, cool
white, 40 w. The chambers had separate controls to regulate light
intensity, temperature and airflow. The watering rate of the plants was
monitored manually using a graduated cylinder. The sound level
pressure was the same in all of the chambers and averaged 91 to 94
decibels.
Discussion and Observation :
At the outset of these experiments, it was reasoned that theremight be

a relationship between the wavelength of the soundgenerated and a
characteristic dimension of the leaf. In the figure represents the outline
of a bean leaf, and there is asmall particle of air moving back and forth
9
on the surface ofthe leaf with velocities of positive and negative “u” [11,
13].
This wave movement occurs as a result of
the diaphragm ofthe speaker moving back
and forth, setting up a
travellingcompression and rarefaction
wave. The compression results in
appositive pressure and rarefaction in a
negative pressure. This is propagated
across the surface of the leaf and is
commonly represented as a sinusoidal air
pressure variation. The particle velocity is
directly proportional to the sound pressure, The positive pressure results
in a positive particle velocity, the magnitude of the velocity being
proportional to the pressure at any point it moves across the leaf,
Sound perception in macroalgae and microalgae:

Algae are a heterogeneous group of photosynthetic organisms
living in an aquatic environment. classified into two large
groups: macroalgae or seaweed, macroscopic, and microalgae,
microscopic, and unicellular.In a study from 2018, it was
observed that seaweed produces sound during photosynthesis.
Biological noise results from the formation and consequent
release of oxygen from algal filaments.The transmission of the
mechanical sound stimulus in algal cells involves changes at the
cellular level.
10
The Effects of Audible Sound for Enhancing the Growth
Rate of Microalgae
Cells respond to sound as to mechanical stresses, such as shear

stress, changes in plasma-membrane tension, hydrostatic
pressure.Furthermore, cells respond to external stresses by
changing a number of factors including cell division, dimensional
growth, and gene expression,
In the case of the Chlorella microalgae, an improvement in

growth was observed at 0.4 kHz,while frequencies of 10 and
15 kHz, even if increases the photosynthetic pigments
biosynthesis.It has been confirmed that algae exposed to sound
taken as a single frequency/intensity or as a set of different
frequencies/intensities respond with an increase in growth
ratebut also with an increase in cellular productivity.
Sound Application: -
11
There are several studies that report the effectiveness in
promoting the growth of organisms exposed to sound stimuli of
various nature.
In plants, depending on the frequency or intensity of the sound

waves to which these organisms are exposed, it could happen
that they will go against both a promotion in growth and a
greater resistance to diseases and parasites.
Sound waves acts as a

plant stimulant and
protectant. Artificial
sound treatment can
elicit various effects in
plants. First,
enhancement of seed
germination and plant growth. Sound promotes plant growth by
regulating the plant growth hormones indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and
gibberellin
Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (PAFT) was developed to

increase crop productivity and quality through exposure to
sound waves. The PAFT technology aims to provide exposure to
sound waves in plants at specific frequencies in accordance with
the plant’s meridian system to increase crop production and
decrease use of fertilizers.
Recently, the effect of audible sound has been studied on the

germination and growth of the green bean, exposing it for 72 h
to a frequency ranging from 1 to 2.5 kHz and with variable
intensity (80/90/100 dB).The study found a decrease in
germination time and a significant increase in the growth of
buds exposed to frequencies of 2 kHz and intensity of 90 dB.
12
CONCLUSION:
The effect of sound on plants, while not fully understood, has
garnered interest in recent research. Studies suggest that
certain frequencies and types of sound waves can influence
various aspects of plant growth and development. For example,
sounds like music or specific frequencies of sound have been
observed to potentially enhance seed germination, increase
biomass production, and alter biochemical pathways in plants.
This emerging field explores how sound waves interact with
plant physiology, opening new avenues for understanding how
13
environmental factors, including human-generated sounds,
may impact plant behaviour. Understanding these interactions
could potentially lead to innovative agricultural practices and
urban planning strategies aimed at optimizing plant health and
productivity.
However, the mechanisms behind these effects are still under
investigation, and further research is needed to elucidate the
precise relationships between sound and plant biology.
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
BOOKS:
1. Modern botany- Dr. M.P. KAUSHIK
2. The sounds of life- KAREN BAKKER
WEBSITES
1. www.wikipedia.com
2. www.cell.com
3. www.sciencedirect.com
4. www.zoology.ubc.ca
5. www.researchgate.net
14
15

Effect of Sound in Plants-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Effect of Sound in Plants-1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Effect of Sound in Plants-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CENTRAL BOARD OF SECONDARY

BIOLOGY INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

TOPIC: EFFECT OF SOUND IN PLANTS

SWAMI VIVEKANANDA ACADEMY

An endeavour of Dr. Patra’s Educational Trust, Purba Bardhhaman and

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

I would like to extend my gratitude t our Principal Sir, Mr.

I can’t forge to offer my sincere thanks to my classmates who

S.NO TOPIC PAGENO

2. SOUND PERCEPTION IN PLANTS 6-7

3. EXPERIMENTS TO FIND OUT THE 7-8

4. APPARATUS AND PROCEDURE 8

5. OBSERVATIONS AND DISCUSSIONS 9-10

6. SOUND PERCEPTION IN MICRO AND 10-11

7. SOUND APPLICATION 11-12

Sound is a vibration that propagates in the form of a sound

One proposed mechanism for these effects involves the

Sound Perception in Plants: -

Recent studies show that plant organisms perceive sound as a

Experiments to find out the result of effect of

 Another experiment with spring wheat & winter wheat, exposing

Discussion and Observation :

At the outset of these experiments, it was reasoned that theremight be

Sound perception in macroalgae and microalgae:

Cells respond to sound as to mechanical stresses, such as shear

In the case of the Chlorella microalgae, an improvement in

In plants, depending on the frequency or intensity of the sound

Sound waves acts as a

Plant Acoustic Frequency Technology (PAFT) was developed to

Recently, the effect of audible sound has been studied on the

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.