Asme Num-1-2009
Asme Num-1-2009
Asme Num-1-2009
A N A M E R I C A N N AT I O N A L STA N DA R D
Date of Issuance: September 30, 2010
This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will
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Standard. Interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at
http://cstools.asme.org as they are issued. Interpretations are also included with each edition.
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Copyright © 2010 by
THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
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Printed in U.S.A.
CONTENTS
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii
Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Preparation of Technical Inquiries to the Committee on Cranes for Nuclear Facilities . . . . x
Summary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Section NUM-G-1000 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
NUM-G-1100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
NUM-G-1200 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
NUM-G-1300 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
NUM-G-1400 Responsibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Section NUM-G-2000 Environmental Conditions of Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NUM-G-2100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NUM-G-2200 Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NUM-G-2300 Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NUM-G-2400 Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NUM-G-2500 Humidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
NUM-G-2600 Chemical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
NUM-G-2700 Wind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
NUM-G-2800 Seismic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
NUM-G-2900 Drainage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Section NUM-G-3000 Performance Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NUM-G-3100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NUM-G-3200 Service Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NUM-G-3300 Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NUM-G-3400 Speeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
NUM-G-3500 Other Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Section NUM-G-4000 Coatings and Finishes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
NUM-G-4100 Coating Service Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
NUM-G-4200 Specific Requirements for Coating Service Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section NUM-G-5000 Quality Assurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
NUM-G-5100 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
NUM-G-5200 Documentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Section NUM-G-6000 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
NUM-G-6100 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Section NUM-G-7000 Referenced Codes and Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
NUM-G-7100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Section NUM-G-8000 Nomenclature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
NUM-G-8100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Section NUM-I-1000 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NUM-I-1100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
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NUM-I-1300 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Section NUM-I-5000 Jib Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
NUM-I-5300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Section NUM-I-6000 Monorail Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
NUM-I-6300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Section NUM-I-7000 Overhead Hoists and Under-Running Trolleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
NUM-I-7700 Under-Running Trolleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
NUM-I-7900 Hoist Common Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Section NUM-I-8000 Common Requirements and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NUM-I-8200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NUM-I-8300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NUM-I-8400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NUM-I-8500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
NUM-I-8600 Hoist Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Section NUM-II-1000 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
NUM-II-1100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
NUM-II-1300 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Section NUM-II-7000 Overhead Hoists and Under-Running Trolleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
NUM-II-7100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Section NUM-II-8000 Common Requirements and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
NUM-II-8200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
NUM-II-8300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
NUM-II-8400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
NUM-II-8500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Section NUM-III-1000 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
NUM-III-1100 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
NUM-III-1300 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Section NUM-III-2000 Underhung Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
NUM-III-2100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
NUM-III-2200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
NUM-III-2300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
NUM-III-2400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
NUM-III-2500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Section NUM-III-3000 Top-Running Bridge and Gantry Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
NUM-III-3100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
NUM-III-3200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
NUM-III-3300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
NUM-III-3400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
NUM-III-3500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Section NUM-III-4000 Traveling Wall Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
NUM-III-4100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
NUM-III-4200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
NUM-III-4300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
NUM-III-4400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
NUM-III-4500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Section NUM-III-5000 Jib Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
NUM-III-5100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
NUM-III-5200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
NUM-III-5300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
NUM-III-5400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
NUM-III-5500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Section NUM-III-6000 Monorail Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
NUM-III-6100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
NUM-III-6200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
NUM-III-6300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
NUM-III-6400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
NUM-III-6500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
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Section NUM-III-7000 Overhead Hoists and Under-Running Trolleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
NUM-III-7100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
NUM-III-7200 Electric Wire-Rope Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
NUM-III-7300 Hand-Chain Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
NUM-III-7400 Electric-Chain Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
NUM-III-7500 Air-Operated Wire-Rope Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
NUM-III-7600 Air-Operated Chain Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
NUM-III-7700 Under-Running Trolleys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
NUM-III-7800 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
NUM-III-7900 Hoist Common Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Section NUM-III-8000 Common Requirements and Criteria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
NUM-III-8100 Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
NUM-III-8200 Structural . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
NUM-III-8300 Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
NUM-III-8400 Electrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
NUM-III-8500 Inspection and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
NUM-III-8600 Crane and Monorail Marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Figures
NUM-I-7930-1 Type IA Dual Hoist Drive Unit With Single Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
NUM-I-7930-2 Type IA Single Hoist Drive Unit With Drum Brake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
NUM-I-7930-3 Type IA Dual Hoist Drive Unit With Dual Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NUM-I-7942-1 Drum Fleet Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NUM-I-7942-2 Sheave Fleet Angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NUM-I-7942.3-1 Type IA Redundant Reeving With Single Drum (With Upper
Equalizer Sheaves) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
NUM-I-7942.3-2 Type IA Redundant Reeving With Single Drum (With Equalizer
Bar) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NUM-I-7942.3-3 Type IA Redundant Reeving With Dual Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
NUM-II-8215.3.6-1 Boundary Conditions for Wheel-to-Rail Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
NUM-III-2100-1 Single-Girder Underhung Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
NUM-III-2100-2 Double-Girder Underhung Crane With Underhung Trolley . . . . . . . 47
NUM-III-2100-3 Double-Girder Underhung Crane With Top-Running Trolley . . . . . 47
NUM-III-2100-4 Single-Girder Underhung Semi-Gantry Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
NUM-III-2321-1 Arrangement of Crane Bridge Drives (A-2 Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
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NUM-III-2321-2 Arrangement of Crane Bridge Drives (A-4 Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
NUM-III-3100-1 Single-Girder Top-Running Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
NUM-III-3100-2 Double-Girder Top-Running Crane With Underhung Trolley . . . . . 53
NUM-III-3100-3 Single-Girder Top-Running Semi-Gantry Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
NUM-III-3100-4 Single-Girder Top-Running Gantry Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
NUM-III-3320-1 Arrangement of Crane Bridge Drives (A-1 Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
NUM-III-3320-2 Arrangement of Crane Bridge Drives (A-2 Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
NUM-III-3320-3 Arrangement of Crane Bridge Drives (A-4 Drive) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
NUM-III-4100-1 Traveling Wall Crane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
NUM-III-5100-1 Wall-Mounted Jib Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
NUM-III-5100-2 Free-Standing Pillar Jib Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
NUM-III-5100-3 Mast-Type Jib Cranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
NUM-III-5422-1 Slew Drive Motor-Size Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
NUM-III-6100-1 Monorail System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
NUM-III-6100-2 Two-Way Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
NUM-III-6100-3 Three-Way Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
NUM-III-6100-4 Cross-Track Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
NUM-III-6100-5 Interlocking Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
NUM-III-6100-6 Lift/Drop Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
NUM-III-7100-1 Electric Wire-Rope Hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
NUM-III-7100-2 Hand-Chain Hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
NUM-III-7100-3 Electric-Chain Hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
NUM-III-7100-4 Air-Operated Wire-Rope Hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
NUM-III-7100-5 Air-Operated Chain Hoist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
NUM-III-7100-6 Under-Running Trolley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
NUM-III-7210-1 Electric Wire-Rope Hoist, Suspension Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
NUM-III-7310-1 Hand-Chain Hoist, Suspension Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
NUM-III-7410-1 Electric-Chain Hoist, Suspension Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
NUM-III-7510-1 Air-Operated Wire-Rope Hoist, Suspension Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
NUM-III-7610-1 Air-Operated Chain Hoist, Suspension Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
NUM-III-7942.3-1 Single and Double Reeving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
NUM-III-8212.2-1 Wheel-Skewing Forces (From CMAA 74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
NUM-III-8214-1 Runway Alignment Tolerance for Patent Track . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
NUM-III-8214-2 Runway Alignment Tolerance (From CMAA 74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
NUM-III-8232.3-1 Local Bending of Flanges Due to Wheel Loads (From
CMAA 74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
NUM-III-8234.1-1 Joint Configuration (From CMAA 74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
NUM-III-8344.1-1 Bridge Span (From CMAA 74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
NUM-III-8425.1-1 Arrangement of Pendant Push-Button Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
NUM-III-8425.2-1 Arrangement of Cab Master-Switch Controllers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
NUM-III-8425.3-1 Arrangement of Radio-Transmitter Lever-Switch Controllers . . . . . 122
NUM-III-8427.2-1 Various Styles of Conductor System Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Tables
NUM-G-3210-1 Service Classes for Cranes and Monorails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
NUM-G-3220-1 Service Classes for Electrically Operated Hoists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
NUM-G-3230-1 Service Classes for Air Wire-Rope and Air Chain Hoists . . . . . . . . . 7
NUM-I-1100-1 Major Design Differences Between Type IA and IB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
NUM-I-8210-1 Acceptable Materials and Reference Properties for
Structural Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
NUM-I-8210-2 Required Inspections or Tests (Type IA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
NUM-I-8210-3 Required Inspections or Tests (Type IB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
NUM-II-8215.3.6-1 Boundary Conditions for Wheel-to-Rail Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
NUM-III-7942.1-1 Minimum Pitch Diameter of Running Sheaves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
NUM-III-7942.2-1 Minimum Pitch Diameter of Drums . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
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The Committee on Cranes for Nuclear Power Plants was first established in 1976. In 1980, the
scope of the Committee was revised, and its name was changed to the Committee on Cranes for
Nuclear Facilities. In 1983, the Nuclear Underhung and Monorail (NUM) Subcommittee was
established to develop a standard to cover the design, fabrication, installation, and testing of
underhung and monorail equipment used in nuclear facilities. The NUM-1 Standard is the result
of the Subcommittee’s work.
The first edition of ASME NUM-1 was approved by the American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) on October 28, 1996. The second edition of ASME NUM-1 was approved by ANSI on
May 3, 2000. The third edition of ASME NUM-1 was approved by ANSI on August 17, 2004.
This Standard, or portions thereof, can be applied to cranes, monorails, and hoists at facilities
other than nuclear where enhanced equipment safety may be required, and can be provided by
means of either single failure-proof features, enhanced safety features, or a seismic design.
This Standard is split into four major sections: NUM-G, General Specifications (applicable to
all equipment); NUM-I, Type I equipment (i.e., equipment that is used to handle critical loads
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and is required to withstand a seismic event); NUM-II, Type II equipment (i.e., equipment that
is not used to handle critical loads and is required to withstand a seismic event); and NUM-III,
Type III equipment (i.e., equipment that is not used to handle critical loads and is not required
to withstand a seismic event).
Suggestions for the improvement of this Standard are welcome. They should be addressed to the
Secretary, ASME Committee on Cranes for Nuclear Facilities, The American Society of Mechanical
Engineers, Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990.
The 2009 edition of ASME NUM-1 was approved by ANSI on December 22, 2009.
ASME COMMITTEE ON CRANES FOR NUCLEAR FACILITIES
(The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.)
Following approval by the ASME Committee on Cranes for Nuclear Facilities and ASME, and
after public review, ASME NUM-1–2009 was approved by the American National Standards
Institute on December 22, 2009.
The 2009 Edition of ASME NUM-1 includes revisions, additions, deletions, corrections, and
editorial changes introduced in ASME NUM-1–2004, as well as the following changes identified
by a margin note, (09), placed next to the affected area.
Page Location Change
2 NUM-G-2110 Added
22 NUM-I-7942 Subparagraphs (c) and (d) revised in
their entirety
23 Figure NUM-I-7942-1 Revised
Figure NUM-I-7942-2 Revised
24, 26 NUM-I-7946.1 Subparagraphs (b) and (c) revised in
their entirety
27 NUM-I-7960 Added
29, 30 Table NUM-I-8210-1 Revised in its entirety
36 NUM-I-8600 Added
39 NUM-II-8215.2.1 Added
42 NUM-II-8215.3.8 Value “5%” revised to read “7%”
88 NUM-III-7970 (1) Subparagraph (b) revised in its
entirety
(2) Subparagraph (c) deleted
89 NUM-III-8212.1 Subparagraphs (d)(1) and (e) revised
Table NUM-III-8212.1-1 Deleted
127 NUM-III-8600 Added
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INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-G-1000
Introduction
NUM-G-1100 GENERAL hoists, and hoists with integral trolleys used in nuclear
facilities. All of the above cranes, whether single or mul-
(a) This Standard is split into the following four major
tiple girder, are covered by this Standard with the excep-
sections:
tion of multiple-girder cranes with both top-running
(1) NUM-G: General Specifications, applicable to
bridge and trolley, which are covered by ASME NOG-1.
all equipment
(2) NUM-I: Type I equipment, i.e., equipment that
is used to handle critical loads and is required to with- NUM-G-1300 APPLICATIONS
stand a seismic event (see Section NUM-G-6000) This Section of the Standard applies to the design,
(3) NUM-II: Type II equipment, i.e., equipment that manufacture, testing, inspection, shipment, storage, and
is not used to handle critical loads and is required to erection of the cranes, hoists, and monorails covered by
withstand a seismic event (see Section NUM-G-6000) this Standard.
(4) NUM-III: Type III equipment, i.e., equipment
that is not used to handle critical loads and is not
required to withstand a seismic event (see Section NUM-G-1400 RESPONSIBILITY
NUM-G-6000) The equipment covered by this Standard is classified
(b) Equipment covered under this Standard shall be into three types (see Section NUM-G-6000, equipment
designed in accordance with the Standard’s require- Types I, II, and III) depending on the equipment location
ments, but not necessarily with its recommendations. and usage of the equipment at a nuclear facility.
The word “shall” is used to denote a requirement, the The owner shall be responsible for determining and
word “should” is used to denote a recommendation, specifying the equipment type. The owner shall also be
and the word “may” is used to denote permission, which responsible for determining and specifying the environ-
is neither a requirement nor recommendation. mental conditions of service, performance requirements,
type and category of coatings and finishes, and degree
of quality assurance.
NUM-G-1200 SCOPE
Determining the extent to which this Standard can be
This Standard covers underhung cranes, top-running used either in part or in its entirety at other than nuclear
bridge and gantry cranes with underhung trolleys, trav- facilities shall be the responsibility of those referencing
eling wall cranes, jib cranes, monorail systems, overhead the use of the Standard.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-G-2000
Environmental Conditions of Service
Section NUM-G-3000
Performance Requirements
A Infrequent This service class covers cranes and monorails that may be used in installations
or standby where precise handling of equipment at slow speeds with long idle periods
between lifts is required. Capacity loads may be handled for initial installation
of equipment and for infrequent maintenance.
B Light This service class covers cranes and monorails that may be used where service
requirements are light and the speed is slow. Loads may vary from no load to
occasional full-rated loads with 2 to 5 lifts per hr, averaging 10 ft per lift.
C Moderate This service class covers cranes and monorails that may be used where service
requirements are moderate. In this type of service, the crane will handle loads
that average 50% of the rated capacity with 5 to 10 lifts per hr, averaging 15 ft,
with not more than 50% of the lifts at rated capacity.
D Heavy This service class covers cranes and monorails that may be used where heavy-
duty production is required. In this type of service, loads approaching 50% of
the rated capacity will be handled constantly during the working period. High
speeds are desirable for this type of service with 10 to 20 lifts per hr, averaging
15 ft, with not more than 65% of the lifts at rated capacity.
E Severe This type of service requires a crane or monorail capable of handling loads
approaching rated capacity throughout its life, with 20 or more lifts per hr at or
near the rated capacity.
F Continuous This type of service requires a crane or monorail capable of handling loads
severe approaching rated capacity continuously under severe service conditions
throughout its life. Applications may include custom-designed specialty cranes
essential to performing the critical work tasks affecting the total production facil-
ity. These cranes must provide the highest reliability, with special attention paid
to ease of maintenance features.
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ASME NUM-1–2009
NOTE:
(1) N/A p Not applicable since there are no infrequent work periods in class H5 service.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-G-4000
Coatings and Finishes
transformers, manual magnetic disconnects, light fix- surface conditions required by the appropriate Steel
tures, reactors, resistor banks, protective guards, cross- Structures Painting Council (SSPC) surface preparation
shaft bearing blocks, unitized hoists, interior of control requirement.
cabinets, festoon trolley cable spacer systems, cab interi- (n) If there is visible deterioration of the surface
ors, and radio control equipment) may be furnished with beyond the specified SSPC preparation, repreparation
conventional coatings unless otherwise specified by the of the surface shall be required.
owner. (o) Preparation of surfaces shall be accomplished by
(j) For coating service Level I applications, the equip- the methods originally used, except that small areas
ment manufacturer shall supply the estimated surface requiring repair or touchup where conventional blasting
area of exposed parts provided with conventional is not desirable may be reprepared by one of the follow-
coatings. ing methods, listed in descending order of effectiveness:
(k) Nameplates and warning labels of factory- (1) Vacuum blasting to clean an abrasive finish with
finished components that are recoated shall be masked a minimum 2.0 mm profile; the minimum blasting air
to preserve legibility. pressure shall be 50 psi at the blasting nozzle.
(l) Items such as fasteners and conduits shall be sup- (2) Power tool cleaning using grinding wheels,
plied with the specified coating system, galvanized or sanding discs, or other devices to provide a minimum
plated. Galvanizing or plating shall be subject to the 2.0 mm profile in accordance with SSPC SP-3; the use
requirements of NUM-G-2600. When specifically of a needle gun to roughen the surface after grinding
requested by the owner, a list of galvanized or plated is recommended.
parts shall be provided by the equipment manufacturer. (3) Hand sanding to obtain as clean a surface as
(m) Surface contaminants such as grease and oil possible in accordance with SSPC SP-2, or wire brushing
detected after blasting shall be removed to produce the in accordance with SSPC SP-2.
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-G-5000
Quality Assurance
Section NUM-G-6000
Definitions
brake: a device other than a motor used for retarding or controller, spring-return (dead man): a controller that, when
stopping motion, or holding in a rest position. released, will return automatically to a neutral position.
countertorque: see plugging.
brake, drag: a friction brake that provides a continuous
retarding force having no external control. crane: a machine for lifting and lowering a load and
moving it horizontally. Cranes, whether fixed or mobile,
brake, holding: a brake that automatically prevents
are driven manually or by power, or by a combination
motion when power is off.
of both.
brake, mechanical load: an automatic type of friction brake crane, gantry: a crane similar to an overhead crane, except
used for controlling loads in a lowering direction. This that the bridge for carrying the trolley or trolleys is
unidirectional device requires torque from the motor to supported on two or more legs running on fixed rails
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lower a load but does not impose any additional load or other runway.
on the motor when hoisting a load.
crane, under-running: an electric overhead traveling crane
brake, mechanical load (manual chain hoist): an automatic having the end trucks supported on track attached to
type of brake used for holding and controlling the the bottom flanges of beams or supported on the bottom
descent of loads. This unidirectional device requires a flanges of the beams. These beams make up the crane
force applied to the hand chain to lower the load but runway.
does not impose additional hand-chain pull when lifting
cross shaft: the shaft extending across the bridge, used
the load. to transmit torque from motor to bridge drive wheels.
brake, parking: a brake for bridge and trolley that may deflection: displacement due to bending or twisting in a
be automatically or manually applied in an attempt to vertical or lateral plane caused by the imposed live and
prevent horizontal motion by restraining wheel rotation. dead loads.
braking, dynamic: a method of controlling speed by using drift point: a point on a travel motion controller that
the motor as a generator, with the energy being dissi- releases the brake while the motor is not energized. This
pated in resistors. allows for coasting before the brake is set.
braking, eddy current: a method of controlling or reducing driving head: a motor-driven carrier head that is sup-
speed by means of an electrical induction load brake. ported from and propelled by the load-bearing wheels.
ASME NUM-1–2009
drop section: a mechanism that will permit a section of (e) uppermost point of hoist on wall-mounted and
track to be lowered out of alignment with a stationary ceiling-mounted hoists
track. hoist, auxiliary: supplemental hoisting unit usually of
electric baffles: conductors that are wired to cut off electric lighter capacity and higher speed than the main hoist.
current to approaching motor-driven equipment if hoist, hand-chain-operated: a suspended machinery unit
switchers, etc., are not properly set for passage of that by use of hand-chain manual operation is used for
equipment. lifting or lowering a freely suspended (unguided) load.
end stop: a device located at the end of the track to
hoist, lug-suspended: a hoist suspended from a trolley or
prevent the carrier from running off the end of the track.
permanent structure by means of bolt(s) or pin(s)
end truck: the assembly consisting of the frame and through a rigid-type or swivel-type lug.
wheels that supports the crane girder or sill and allows
hook approach: the minimum horizontal distance between
movement along the runway.
the center of the runway rail and the hook.
equalizer: a device that compensates for unequal length
hook latch: a mechanical device to close (bridge) the throat
or stretch of a rope or chain.
opening of a hook.
fork: a mechanical device for use on interlocking transfer
equipment to mechanically prevent passage of a trolley idler sprocket: a device that is free to rotate and changes
or carrier when the elements are not securely locked. the direction of the chain. This device is sometimes
called idler wheel, idler sheave, pocket wheel, or chain
gantry leg: the structural member that supports a bridge wheel.
girder or end tie from the sill.
impact allowance: additional hook load assumed to result
girder: the principal horizontal beam of the crane bridge from the dynamic effect of the rated load.
that supports the trolley and is supported by the end
trucks. inspection: examination or measurement to verify that
an item or activity conforms to specified requirements.
hand chain: an endless loop of chain grasped by the
operator to apply force required for lifting, lowering, interlocking mechanism: a mechanical device to lock
and traveling motions. together the adjacent ends of two cranes or a crane to
a fixed transfer section or spur track to permit the trans-
hand-chain drop: the distance to the lowest point of the
fer of carriers from one crane or track to the other.
hand chain measured from a known reference.
L-10 bearing life: the minimum expected life, in hours,
hand-chain overhaul: the number of feet the hand chain
of 90% of a group of bearings that are operated at a
must travel to raise the load hook 1 ft.
given speed and loading.
hand-chain pull: the average force measured in pounds
lift: the maximum safe vertical distance through which
exerted by the operator on the hoist hand chain to lift
the hook, magnet, or bucket can move between its upper
the rated load.
and lower limits of travel.
hand-chain wheel: a wheel with formed pockets on its
periphery to allow torque to be transmitted when a force lift section: a mechanism that will lift a section of track
is applied to the hand chain. out of alignment with a stationary track.
hanger rod: steel rods that together with other fittings are lift, true vertical: lift in which the load hook travels in a
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used to suspend the track from the supporting structure. vertical path with no horizontal displacement between
the lower limit of lift and the upper limit of lift.
hazardous locations: locations where fire or explosion haz-
ards may exist. Locations are classified depending on load: the total weight superimposed on the load block,
the properties of the flammable vapors, liquids, or gases, hook, or carrier.
or combustible dusts or fibers that may be present, and load, credible critical: combinations of lifted loads and
the likelihood that a flammable or combustible concen- plant seismic events that have probabilities of occurrence
tration or quantity is present. equal to or more than 10−7 times per calendar year. The
headroom: the distance measured with the load hook at critical loads handled by the crane and their durations
its upper limit of travel from the saddle of the load hook of lifts shall be used in the calculations to determine the
to the following: credible critical load to be considered for the crane in
(a) saddle of the top hook for hook-suspended hoists the crane design load combinations that include seismic
(b) center line of the suspension holes on lug- loadings. The credible critical load shall be specified by
suspended hoists the owner.
(c) bottom of the beam on trolley-suspended hoists load, critical: any lifted load whose uncontrolled move-
(d) supporting surface on base-mounted and deck- ment or release could adversely affect any safety-related
mounted hoists system when such a system is required for unit safety
ASME NUM-1–2009
or could result in potential off-site exposure in excess nondestructive examination: methods for determining the
of the limit determined by the owner. integrity of structural materials without physically dam-
load, live: a load that moves relative to the structure aging the material; methods of inspection include visual,
under consideration. radiographic, ultrasonic, magnetic particle, and liquid
penetrant.
load, rated: the design rated load to be lifted and trans-
ported by the equipment that by definition is not consid- normal walking speed: a walking speed assumed to be
ered as the critical load, including an allowance for 150 ft/min.
lifting accessories that are not part of the equipment. overload: any load greater than the rated load.
load, seismic lifted: the maximum lifted load under the over-travel restraint: any device used to prevent the slack
evaluated seismic conditions where the crane or mono- load chain from inadvertently being lowered out of the
rail structure and hoist and trolley unit must remain in load sprocket.
place. This lifted load is not a critical load; therefore, owner: the organization legally responsible for the con-
the load itself need not be retained under the seismic struction and/or operation of a nuclear facility including
event. but not limited to one who has applied for or been
load, wheel: the load, without impact, on any wheel with granted a construction permit or operating license by
the trolley and lifted load (rated capacity) positioned the regulatory authority having lawful jurisdiction.
on the bridge to give maximum loading. parts (lines): number of lines of hoisting rope or chain
load block: the assembly of hook or shackle, swivel, bear- supporting the load block or hook.
ing, sheaves, pins, and frame suspended by the hoisting plugging: a control function that provides braking by
ropes. reversing the motor line voltage polarity or phase so
load-carrying part(s): any part(s) of the equipment for that the motor develops a countertorque that exerts a
which the induced stress is influenced by the load on retarding force.
the hook. push-button station: a device consisting of push-button–
load chain: the load suspension chain in the hoist con- operated contacts in an enclosure used by the operator
sisting of a series of interwoven links formed and for control of the powered motions of the carrier, hoist,
welded. and other auxiliary equipment.
load hangup: the event in which the load block and/ qualified person: a person who, by possession of a recog-
or load is stopped during hoisting (or traversing) by nized degree or certificate of professional standing, or
snagging or entanglement with heavy or fixed objects, who, by extensive knowledge, training, and experience,
creating a sudden and potentially severe overload. has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or
resolve problems relating to the subject matter and work.
load hook: the hook used to connect the load to the hoist.
quality assurance: all those planned and systematic
load sprocket: a hoist component that transmits motion
actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that
to the load chain. This component is sometimes called
a structure, system, or component will perform satisfac-
load wheel, load sheave, pocket wheel, chain wheel, or
torily in service.
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lift wheel.
rail sweep: a mechanical device attached to the crane but
load test, dynamic: a test to demonstrate the ability of
located in front of the crane leading wheels to deflect
hoisting equipment to safely handle its rated load by
any obstructions.
exercising the equipment through vertical and hori-
zontal movement along its lines of travel, using a load reach: the distance from the saddle of the load hook at
of specific weight. its lower limit of lift to the upper point of the headroom
measurement. Reach is equal to lift plus headroom.
load test, proof: a physical load test, with magnitude to
be as specified and always in excess of the design load. reeving: the path of the rope or load chain between the
drum or load sprocket and the load block.
loads, dead: the loads on a structure that remain in a fixed
position relative to the structure. On a crane bridge, running sheave: a sheave that rotates as the load block
such loads include the girders, footwalk, cross shafts, is raised or lowered.
drive units, and panels. runway: an assembly of rails, beams, girders, brackets,
manufacturer: one who constructs or fabricates an item and framework on or from which the crane travels.
to meet prescribed design requirements. runway conductors: the main conductors mounted on or
noncoasting mechanical drive: a drive that results in decel- parallel to the runway that supply current to the crane.
erating a trolley or bridge when power is not available. safety lug: a mechanical device fixed securely to the end
The braking effort will be established automatically truck or trolley yoke that will limit the fall of the crane
when power to the drive is interrupted. or carrier in case of wheel or axle failure.
ASME NUM-1–2009
shall: the word “shall” indicates that the rule is manda- tractor drive: a motor-driven unit supported by wheels
tory and must be followed to conform to the Standard. and propelled by drive wheel or wheels, bearing on the
should: the word “should” indicates that the rule is a underside of the track.
recommendation, the advisability of which depends on trolley: the unit carrying the hoisting mechanism that
the facts in each situation. travels on the bridge rails or bottom flange of a monorail
track or bridge girder to transport the load.
sills: horizontal structural members that connect the
lower ends of two or more legs of a gantry crane on truck: the unit consisting of a crane, wheels, bearings,
one runway. and axles that supports the bridge girders, the end ties
of an overhead crane, or the sill of a gantry crane.
single failure-proof features: those features that are
included in the crane design such that any credible fail- two-blocking: the act of hoisting beyond the intended
ure of a single component will not result in the loss upper limit in which the load block comes into physical
of capability to stop and hold the critical load within contact with the head-block (upper block) or its support-
facility-acceptable excursion limits. ing structure, preventing further upward movement of
the load block and creating a sudden and potentially
slew drive: the mechanism (including motor and gearing) severe overload.
used to rotate a jib boom about a vertical axis.
Type I equipment: a crane, monorail, or hoist that is used
span: the horizontal distance center-to-center of run- to handle a critical load. It shall be designed and con-
way rails. structed so that it will remain in place and support the
static control: a method of switching electrical circuits critical load during and after a seismic event, but does
without the use of contacts. not have to be operational after this event. Type I equip-
ment shall be designed with either single failure-proof
switch: a device for making, breaking, or changing con- features (Type IA) or enhanced safety features (Type IB).
nections in an electric circuit. Type IA equipment: a Type I crane, monorail, or hoist
switch, cross-track: a track switch containing one straight that includes single failure-proof features so that any
section of track, pivoted at the center, that can be rotated credible failure of a single component will not result in
to align it with other crossing tracks to allow passage the loss of capability to stop and hold the critical load.
of the carrier through the junction without changing the Type IB equipment: a Type I crane, monorail, or hoist
direction of the carrier motion. with enhanced safety features, including increased
design factors and redundant components that minimize
switch, glide (slide): a track switch with a movable inner
the potential for failure that would result in the loss of
frame containing straight or curved sections of track.
capability to stop and hold the critical load.
The inner frame can be moved to align these sections
of track with other fixed tracks to permit routing of Type II equipment: a crane, hoist, or monorail that is not
carriers. used to handle a critical load. It shall be designed and
constructed so that it will remain in place during a seis-
switch, track: a device with a moving section of track mic event; however, the crane need not support the load
that can be moved to permit passage of a carrier from nor be operational during and after such an event. Single
an incoming fixed track(s) to one of various outgoing failure-proof features are not required.
fixed track(s).
Type III equipment: a crane, hoist, or monorail that is not
traceability: the ability to trace the history, application, used to handle a critical load; no seismic considerations
or location of an item and like items or activities by are necessary, and no single failure-proof features are
means of recorded identification. required.
track opener: a section of monorail track arranged to lift upper block: a fixed block located on a trolley that,
or swing out of line to make an opening through which through a system of sheaves, bearings, pins, and frames,
a door may pass. supports the load block and its load.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-G-7000
Referenced Codes and Standards
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-G-8000
Nomenclature
NUM-G-8100 GENERAL
The nomenclature used in this Standard is listed and
defined in the area where it is used.
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-I-1000
Introduction
Reeving Dual load path design Single load path design NUM-I-7942.3
(redundant reeving) (single or double reeving)
Section NUM-I-5000
Jib Cranes
NUM-I-5300 MECHANICAL
NUM-I-5310 General
If a jib rotation allows the boom to move into an area
of facility unacceptable excursion, positive means to tie
down or restrain the boom for storage shall be provided.
NUM-I-5423 Brakes. In lieu of NUM-III-5423,
motorized jib booms shall have brakes in accordance
with NUM-I-8332.1.
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-I-6000
Monorail Systems
NUM-I-6300 MECHANICAL
NUM-I-6360 Vertical Drop or Lift Sections
Type I vertical drop or lift sections shall have struc-
tural, mechanical, and electrical components meeting
the Type I requirements. The drop or lift section hoist
shall be either a Type IA or Type IB hoist.
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-I-7000
Overhead Hoists and Under-Running Trolleys
Fig. NUM-I-7930-2 Type IA Single design shall be 10 tons) or shall be of single failure-proof
Hoist Drive Unit With Drum Brake design.
Drum brake
NUM-I-7941.2 Load Blocks. Load blocks shall have
double the normal design factors (e.g., for a 5-ton rated
load, the design load shall be 10 tons) or shall be of a
single failure-proof design.
Drum NUM-I-7941.3 Upper Blocks. The upper block shall
have double the normal design factors or shall be of
single failure-proof design.
Fig. NUM-I-7930-3 Type IA Dual Hoist Drive Unit With Dual Drum
Gear box
Motor
Drum Drum
Brake
Brake
Motor
Gear box
3.5 deg
CL Drum 90 deg
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3.5 deg
3.5 deg
CL Sheave
ASME NUM-1–2009
Fig. NUM-I-7942.3-1 Type IA Redundant Reeving With Single Drum (With Upper Equalizer Sheaves)
Hoist drum
1D
2D
Upper equailizer
2A sheaves
1C
1A
2C
1B
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2B Lower block
sheaves
GENERAL NOTE: Relative position of sheaves is extended and angle of view is distorted
to clarify reeving paths. An equalizer system between the two ropes is required but is not
shown for clarity. The machinery together with the reeving arrangement must comply with
the vertical alignment requirements in NUM-I-7942.3(b).
NUM-I-7942.4 Equalizer Systems (Type IA). Equal- gear train rated at full hoisting horsepower. As an alter-
izer systems shall be able to withstand the dynamic native, a single hoist gear train may be provided in
forces from load transfer upon failure of one wire rope conjunction with two holding brakes, one of which must
and shall not load the remaining intact reeving system act directly on the wire rope drum and set automatically
more than 40% of the breaking strength of the wire rope. upon failure or overspeed of the hoist drive train.
NUM-I-7942.5 Equalizer Systems (Type IB). The
equalizer for a Type IB reeving system, when provided, NUM-I-7946 Hoist Brakes
may be a sheave or a bar, and shall be designed for
twice the rated load. NUM-I-7946.1 Power Operated Hoists (09)
(a) In lieu of NUM-III-7946.1(a), the braking system
NUM-I-7945 Hoist Gearing shall consist of at least two holding brakes and a control
(a) Type IB. In lieu of the requirements stated in braking means and shall perform the following
NUM-III-7945(a)(1) for gearing and associated shafts functions:
and couplings or other connection means, the strength (1) stop hook motion and hold the load when the
and durability shall be based on twice the torque controls are released
required to lift the rated load. (2) limit the speed of the load during lowering to
(b) Type IA. Gearing and associated shafts and cou- a maximum speed of 120% of rated lowering speed for
plings or other connection means shall be redundant the rated load
(that is, provide two separate load paths from the hoist (3) stop and hold the load hook in the event of a
brakes to the wire rope drum) with each independent complete power failure
ASME NUM-1–2009
Fig. NUM-I-7942.3-2 Type IA Redundant Reeving With Single Drum (With Equalizer Bar)
Hoist drum
1A
2A
Equalizer bar
Upper sheaves
2C
2D 1D 1B
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1C 2B
Lower block
sheaves
(b) In lieu of NUM-III-7946.1(b), each hoist holding of this switch shall result in the removal of power from
brake shall have a torque rating not less than 125% of the motor and setting the hoist brakes. The operator
the full (rated) load hoisting torque at the point of brake may lower or back out of this tripped switch without
application, and shall be capable of stopping the low- further assistance.
ering movement within amounts of motion wherein (b) Final Overtravel High Limit. In addition to the first
damage to load or facility would not occur. A maximum upper limit switch, a final power circuit hoisting limit
lowering distance of 3 in. is recommended. Under nor- switch shall directly remove power from the hoist motor
mal operating conditions, the brakes shall apply auto- and set the hoist brakes.
matically on power removal. The application of the (c) If the hoist is designed to withstand two-blocking,
second (and any other additional) brake(s) shall be only the first high limit switch is required. In this case,
delayed to minimize shock to the hoist drive train. the ropes shall not be cut or crushed, nor the hoist dam-
(c) Type IA. The braking system shall comply with at aged in the event of load block overtravel.
least one of the following: (d) Low Limit. The hoist shall include an overtravel
(1) Three or more holding brakes shall be provided low limit switch. This switch may be of the control circuit
for stopping and holding the load, such that after failure type. Actuation of this switch shall stop the lowering
of any one holding brake or hoist machinery component, motion and set the hoist brakes. The operation of this
at least two holding brakes remain available for emer- switch shall not prevent hoisting.
gency load lowering.
(2) Two brakes, each capable of stopping and hold- NUM-I-7947.2 Overload Limiting Devices. Over-
ing the load, may be provided if one of them acts directly capacity lifts shall be detected by means of a load sensing
on the wire rope drum shell or a flange or disc attached system. The high-load limit shall be set to prevent lifting
thereto, is not the primary stopping and holding brake, of more than rated load, but to permit lowering. The
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and does not set prior to the wire rope drum coming to sensing system shall be set at a maximum 125% of the
a complete stop during normal operation. The brake rated load unless analysis determines that greater than
acting on the drum must have sufficient thermal capabil- 125% is acceptable.
ity to permit emergency lowering of rated load from NUM-I-7947.3 Hoist Drum Wire Rope Spooling
normal high hook position to normal low hook position Monitor. Hoists shall include a wire rope spooling
at maximum design full-load lowering speed in one device to detect improper threading of the hoist rope in
continuous operation, and must have a torque- the hoist drum grooves. Actuation of this device shall
modulating method of manual release. result in removal of power from the hoist motor and
(3) Two brakes, each capable of stopping and hold- setting of hoist holding brakes. Actuation of this limit
ing the load, may be provided if the hoist also has a device shall prevent further hoisting. A mechanical rope
mechanical or electrical control braking means that pre- guide that encompasses the circumference of the drum
vents the rated load from lowering faster than design and provides spooling of the wire rope onto the drum
maximum lowering speed with power off. The control may be used in lieu of a spooling device.
braking system must be capable thermally and in all
respects of lowering rated load from normal high hook NUM-I-7947.4 Hoist Overspeed Limits
position to normal low hook position in one continuous (a) Hoists shall include an overspeed limit switch.
operation. One of the two stopping and holding brakes When handling a critical load, hook speeds over 120%
and the control braking means must remain effectively of the design rated load lowering speed shall trip this
connected to the hoist drive train after failure of the switch, shutting off the motor and causing all holding
other brake or any component of the hoist machinery. brakes to set without intentional time delay. This switch
The design of the brakes and the arrangement of the may be set at higher speeds if analysis determines this
braking system shall enable recovery from an inoperable is acceptable. Operation of this switch may also initiate
brake by repair of the brake in place or replacement of any control braking means normally used for stopping
the brake, with rated load on the hoist, or by an alterna- of the load. It shall be necessary to return the controls to
tive recovery means acceptable to the purchaser. the neutral position and to manually reset the overspeed
limit switch (or the overspeed circuit) before operation
NUM-I-7947 Overtravel and Overload Limiting can be resumed.
Devices (b) On drives that provide high-speed, light-load fea-
tures, provisions shall be made to permit override of
NUM-I-7947.1 Overtravel Protection. In lieu of
this overspeed limit switch when handling noncritical
NUM-III-7947.1(a), power operated hoists shall have the
loads.
following:
(a) First High Limit. The first upper hoisting limit NUM-I-7947.5 Equalizer Travel Error Indication Device
shall be a control circuit device such as a geared-type, (Type IA). A sensing and signaling means shall be pro-
weight-operated, or paddle-operated switch. Actuation vided to automatically shut down the hoist and provide
ASME NUM-1–2009
indication to the operator if displacement between the (a) A warning device shall be provided to warn the
separate reeving systems exceeds design operating operator of a pending motor overheat condition.
limits. (b) A warning device shall be provided to warn the
operator that the dynamic braking resistors have
NUM-I-7949 Motor Shafts (Type IB) overheated.
Motor shafts for Type IB hoists shall be designed for
NUM-I-7960 Hoist Marking (09)
twice the rated load unless the hoist braking system
prevents drop of the load after motor shaft failure. (a) For Type I hoists, the maximum critical load rating
(MCL) shall be marked on the hoist or load block in
NUM-I-7952 Motors lieu of the rated load as identified in NUM-I-7953.2(a),
using the terminology MCL as part of the marking.
Hoist motors shall have phase loss and phase reversal
(b) For Type I hoists that lift loads in excess of the
protection.
MCL, the terminology DRL (design rated load) shall be
NUM-I-7952.1 VFD Hoist Controls. Hoists shall have used and shall also be marked on either the hoist or
controls with the following capabilities: hoist load block.
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-I-8000
Common Requirements and Criteria
Table NUM-I-8210-1 Acceptable Materials and Reference Properties for Structural Components (09)
Yield Tensile
ASTM Grade Strength, Strength,
Specification or Class Form Size [Note (1)] ksi ksi
A 36 ... Plates, shapes, and bars Plates and bars < 8 in. and shapes [for shapes, 36 min. 58–80
see Note (2)]
A 53 B Pipe Diameters ≤ 26 in. 35 min. 60 min.
A 242 ... Plates, shapes, and bars Plates and bars ≤ 3⁄4 in. 50 min. 70 min.
and shapes with flange or leg thickness ≤ 1-1⁄2 in.
A 242 ... Plates, shapes, and bars Plates and bars > 3⁄4 in. and ≤ 1-1⁄2 in. 46 min. 67 min.
and shapes with flange thickness > 1-1⁄2 in. and
≤ 2 in.
A 242 ... Plates, shapes, and bars Plates and bars > 1-1⁄2 in. and ≤ 4 in. 42 min. 63 min.
and shapes with flange thickness > 2 in.
Diameters ≤ 26 in.
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(09) Table NUM-I-8210-1 Acceptable Materials and Reference Properties for Structural Components (Cont’d)
GENERAL NOTE: The above data was obtained from the ASTM 2007 publication.
NOTES:
(1) For additional material information, see the referenced ASTM specification.
(2) For wide flange shapes with flange thickness over 3 in., the 80 ksi maximum tensile strength does not apply.
(3) The exceptions from fracture toughness requirements in NUM-I-8521 [Tables NUM-I-8521-1 and NUM-I-8521-2; Note (4)] do not apply
to this material.
(4) Mechanical properties, standard sizes, and design/selection criteria or patented shape track are under the auspices of the individual
manufacturers. Patented shape track is comprised of upper T-section (compression member) of standard structural steel and a lower
load carrying T-section (tension member) of high-strength alloy steel. The two sections are welded continuously from both sides, web-
to-web. Patented shape track is also used for crane bridge girders and jib crane booms with under-running trolleys or hoist with
integral trolleys.
(5) The yield strength to tensile strength ratio shall not exceed 0.85.
(c) UT Volumetric Test (2) Acceptance criteria for the tensioned area of the
(1) UT volumetric testing and acceptance criteria hook(s) shall be in accordance with the following:
shall be in accordance with ASTM A 435 for plate (a) Discontinuity indications in excess of the
material. response from a 1⁄8 in. diameter flat-bottomed hole at the
(2) UT volumetric testing shall be in accordance estimated discontinuity depth shall not be acceptable.
with ASTM E 114 and ASTM A 388 for wrought or (b) Discontinuity indications in excess of the
forged material. response from a 3⁄32 in. diameter flat-bottomed hole at
(a) Acceptance criteria for forged material shall the estimated discontinuity depth shall not have their
be in accordance with the following: indicated centers closer than 1 in.
(1) Straight Beam. A forging or bar shall be (c) Elongated (stringer) type defects in excess of
unacceptable if the results of straight beam examinations 1 in. in length shall not be acceptable if at any point
show one or more reflectors that produce indications along the length the discontinuity indication is equal to
accompanied by a complete loss of back reflection not or greater than the response from a 3⁄32 in. diameter flat-
associated with or attributable to geometric configura- bottomed hole.
tions. Complete loss of back reflection is assumed when
NUM-I-8522.2 Wire Rope and Chain
the back reflection falls below 5% of full calibration
screen height. NUM-I-8522.2.1 Wire Rope. A segment of the wire
(2) Angle-Beam Rule. A forging or bar shall be rope shall be pull tested. Breaking strength shall meet
unacceptable if the results of angle-beam examinations or exceed published breaking strength in accordance
show one or more reflectors that produce indications with the Wire Rope Users Manual.
exceeding the amplitude reference line from the appro- Where end fittings are used in the design of the load
priate calibration notches. path, at least one identical fitting shall be tested with the
(b) Acceptance criteria for material without par- rope sample being pulled to failure. During the testing,
allel surfaces (such as sheave pins and shafts) shall be failure must occur in the rope, not the crimp or fitting.
in accordance with NUM-I-8522.1.2(c).
NUM-I-8522.2.2 Chain. A segment of the load
NUM-I-8522 Mechanical chain shall be pull tested. Breaking strength shall meet
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Hoist drum shell and hub welds ... ... X ... ... ... ... ... X X
Hoist drum shafts X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Upper block sheave pin X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Upper block load structure (cast or forged) X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Upper block load structure (rolled) X ... ... ... ... X ... ... ... ...
Upper block structural welds ... ... X ... ... ... ... ... X X
Sheaves ... X ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Gears — hoists [Note (9)] X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Pinions — hoist [Note (9)] X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Shafts — hoist [Note (9)] X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Trolley load girt structure X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
(cast or forged)
Trolley load girt structure (rolled) X ... X ... ... X ... ... X X
Primary load bearing structural welds ... ... X ... ... ... ... ... X X
(crane or monorail)
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Table NUM-I-8210-2 Required Inspections or Tests (Type IA) (Cont’d)
Weld
Filler
Certificate of Proof Breaking Material
Material Conformance NDE of Surface Impact Load Strength C.C.
Test From Item Welds UT MP or PT Test Test Test Typical Welder
Items Reports Manufacturer [Note (1)] [Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (4)] [Note (5)] [Note (6)] Value Certs
Fastener material for structural X X ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
interconnections (including seismic
restraints and safety lugs)
Crane or monorail structure X ... ... ... ... X ... ... ... ...
Bridge and trolley seismic restraints X ... X ... ... X ... ... X X
Safety lugs X ... ... ... ... X ... ... X X
Hinges or pins on jib cranes [Note (10)] X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Tension rods for jibs or monorails X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
[Note (10)]
Wire rope eyes and sockets [Note (11)] ... X ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
ASME NUM-1–2009
NOTES:
(1) See NUM-I-8521.1(a).
(2) See NUM-I-8521.1(c).
(3) See NUM-III-8522.1.2(b).
(4) Impact testing required for materials greater than 5⁄8 in. thickness. See NUM-I-8521.1(b).
(5) See NUM-I-8522.1.1.
(6) See NUM-I-8522.2.
(7) See NUM-I-8522.1.
(8) Load tested with hook. See NUM-I-8522.1.2.
(9) Surface hardness shall be verified when hardness values are specifically listed on manufacturer’s design documents.
(10) If the item is designed with double a design margin, material test reports are not required.
(11) Proof tested to 40% of the published breaking strength of the wire rope.
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Table NUM-I-8210-3 Required Inspections or Tests (Type IB)
Weld
Filler
Certificate of Proof Breaking Material
Material Conformance NDE of Surface Impact Load Strength C.C.
Test From Item Welds UT MP or PT Test Test Test Typical Welder
Items Reports Manufacturer [Note (1)] [Note (2)] [Note (3)] [Note (4)] [Note (5)] [Note (6)] Value Certs
Upper block load structure ... ... ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
(cast or forged) [Note (9)]
Upper block load structure ... ... ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
(rolled) [Note (9)]
Upper block structural welds ... ... X ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
Sheaves [Note (9)] ... ... ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
Gears — hoist [Note (9)] ... ... ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
Pinions — hoist [Note (9)] ... ... ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
Shafts — hoist [Note (9)] ... ... ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
Hoisting machinery load path welds ... ... X ... ... ... X ... ... ...
Hoist assembly [Note (10)] ... ... ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
Trolley load girt structure X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
(cast or forged) [Note (11)]
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Trolley load girt structure X ... X ... ... X ... ... X X
(rolled) [Note (11)]
Primary load bearing structural welds ... ... X ... ... ... ... ... X X
(crane or monorail)
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Fastener material for structural X X ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
interconnections (including seismic
restraints and safety lugs)
Crane or monorail structure X ... ... ... ... X ... ... ... ...
Bridge and trolley seismic restraints X ... X ... ... X ... ... X X
Safety lugs X ... X ... ... X ... ... X X
Hinges or pins on jib cranes [Note (12)] X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
Tension rods for jibs or monorails X ... ... X X ... ... ... ... ...
[Note (12)]
Wire rope eyes and sockets [Note (13)] ... X ... ... ... ... X ... ... ...
GENERAL NOTE: Surface hardness shall be verified when hardness values are specifically listed on manufacturer’s design documents.
ASME NUM-1–2009
NOTES:
(1) See NUM-I-8521.1(a).
(2) See NUM-I-8521.1(c).
(3) See NUM-III-8522.1.2(b).
(4) Impact Testing required for materials greater than 5⁄8 in. thickness. See NUM-I-8521.1(b).
(5) See NUM-I-8522.1.1.
(6) See NUM-I-8522.2.
(7) See NUM-I-8522.1.
(8) Load tested with hook. See NUM-I-8522.1.
(9) To be proof tested with the hoist assembly.
(10) Proof test assembled hoist at 250% of rated crane or monorail capacity.
(11) In lieu of stated requirements, a 250% load test may be performed with a visual weld inspection.
(12) If the item is designed with double a design margin, material test reports are not required.
(13) Proof tested to 40% of the published breaking strength of the wire rope.
ASME NUM-1–2009
(e) raceways are properly supported and installed, (c) (Type IA) Type IA hoists shall be two-blocked at
and raceways to be removed for shipment are properly maximum hoisting speed to demonstrate that the equip-
marked and fitted for field reinstallation ment is capable of withstanding high-speed two-
(f) no interferences involving electrical items exist blocking and load hangup without damage and within
when trolley moves through its full range allowable stress limits in accordance with NUM-I-7930.
(g) electrical items do not protrude beyond the con- NUM-I-8532.2 Electrical Requirements. A test of the
fines of the crane, monorail, or hoist as established by crane/hoist electrical system shall be made to verify
the drawings proper operation of the controls. For remote controlled
(h) electrical items requiring routine maintenance are cranes/hoists, the transmitter-receiver system shall be
accessible used for this test.
(i) no wiring is touching resistor heating parts
NUM-I-8532.3 Software Requirements. For pro-
(j) portions of conductor systems that are designed
grammable logic controller (PLC) controlled cranes/
to move in order to accomodate crane, monorail, or hoist
hoists, the PLC software shall be installed and used
move freely
during the test. Software testing (either breadboard or
(k) pendant and festoon cable strain relief is properly as part of the crane/hoist testing) shall include the fol-
installed lowing, as a minimum:
(l) overload relay current sensing elements are in (a) hardware, software, and operator input failure
accordance with drawings mode testing
(m) motor connections are properly made (b) boundary, out-of-bounds, and boundary crossing
(n) contactors and electromechanical relays whose test conditions
armatures are accessible operate freely by hand (c) input values of zero, zero crossing, and
(o) electrical enclosures are correct NEMA type, and approaching zero from either direction
panel door operate properly (d) minimum and maximum input data rates in worst
(p) motor brushes are properly seated case configurations to determine system capabilities and
(q) electrical holding brakes are adjusted to correct responses to these environments
torque settings
NUM-I-8580 Site Load Testing
(r) conductors are identified at each termination and
correspond to the schematic diagrams NUM-I-8582 No-Load Testing
NUM-I-8582.1 Additional Requirements. While the
NUM-I-8524 Control Software
no-load testing is being performed, the following infor-
Desk audits, peer reviews, and static analysis tools/ mation shall be recorded or observed:
techniques shall be used throughout the development (a) Electrical (full speed conditions)
process to verify implementation of design requirements (1) motor volts
in the source code, with particular attention paid to (2) motor amps
the implementation of identified safety critical functions (3) motor rpm
such as fault detection and safing or correcting logic. (b) Mechanical
(1) noise levels
NUM-I-8530 Shop Operational Tests (2) oil leaks
A shop no-load test shall be performed at the crane/ (3) excessive vibration
hoist manufacturer’s facility. Procedures shall be pre- (4) clearances per drawings and specifications
pared and used by the manufacturer in conducting the (5) gear alignment and engagement
test. If subsequent manufacturing or associated activities (6) wire rope or chain condition
affect the validity of this test or portions thereof, the (c) Structural
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appropriate portions of the test shall be repeated. Non- (1) overall building clearances
conformances found during the testing shall be treated (2) bridge and trolley end approaches
as required by the test procedure. (d) All software faults
(e) Components, systems, and features having single
NUM-I-8532.1 Mechanical Requirements. As a mini- failure-proof functions related to retaining the load in
mum, the following mechanical functions shall be event of failure in the primary load path are functioning
verified: correctly and are properly adjusted and calibrated
(a) Traverse the trolley on the bridge, verify interfaces
of auxiliary equipment (powered operation is preferred). NUM-I-8583 Full-Load Test
(b) Operation of mechanical components shall be ver- The crane/hoist/monorail shall be statically loaded
ified to meet design criteria. at bridge mid-span (or end of boom) to 100% (+5%, −0%)
ASME NUM-1–2009
of hoist manufacturer’s rating, and the deflection of the (4) Transport the load by means of the trolley (or
bridge (at its center) or monorail rail (at its center) or carrier) from one end of the crane bridge, jib, or monorail
boom (at its end) shall be measured and recorded. With to the other. The trolley shall approach the limits of
this load, the crane/hoist/monorail shall be operated travel as close as practical if use area restrictions are
through all drives for hoist, trolley, and bridge/boom, imposed.
and through all speed ranges to demonstrate speed con- (5) For bridge and gantry cranes, transport the test
trols and proper function of limit switches, locking, and load for the full length of the runway in one direction
safety devices as practical with full load. Manually oper- with the trolley as close to the extreme right-hand end
ated load-lowering devices, if supplied, shall be tested. of the crane as practical, and in the other direction with
Each holding brake shall be tested individually to verify the trolley as close to the left-hand end of the crane
it will stop and hold the test load. as practical. When cranes operate on more than two
runways (multiple truck cranes), the crane shall trans-
NUM-I-8584 Rated Load Test port the test load for the full length of the runway with
the test load under each of the intermediate trucks.
After the no-load and full load tests are completed (6) Verify that the nameplate reflects the load rating
and prior to handling loads, the equipment shall be per NUM-I-8584(a).
rated load tested. (7) For jib cranes, verify that there is jib boom
(a) The crane, monorail, or hoist shall receive a load motion with trolley located at each end and at the center
test of 125% (+5%, −0%) of the rated capacity. of the boom.
(b) The test shall consist of the following operations,
as a minimum: NUM-I-8600 HOIST MARKING (09)
(1) Lift the test load approximately 2 ft and hold (a) For Type I bridge cranes, wall cranes, jib cranes,
the load for a minimum of 10 min to verify no drum and monorails, the maximum critical load rating (MCL)
rotation and test weight drift. shall be marked on the bridge beam, jib boom, or mono-
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(2) The hoist overload detection devices shall be rail in lieu of the rated load as identified in
tested to verify that they activate when the test weight NUM-I-8584(a), using the terminology MCL as part of
is greater than 125% of rated load. the marking.
(3) Perform loss of power test by interrupting the (b) For Type I bridge cranes, wall cranes, jib cranes,
main electrical power or air supply while lowering the and monorails that lift loads in excess of the MCL, the
test load at slow speed to verify that the holding brakes terminology DRL (design rated load) shall be used and
(and emergency brakes, if applicable) set and hold the shall also be marked on either the bridge beam, jib boom,
load. or monorail.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-II-1000
Introduction
Section NUM-II-7000
Overhead Hoists and Under-Running Trolleys
NUM-II-7100 DESCRIPTION
In addition to the requirements of NUM-III-7100,
hoists and trolleys shall remain in place during and after
a seismic event.
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-II-8000
Common Requirements and Criteria
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(In most facilities, the horizontal load due to pendulum
Loads due to safe shutdown earthquake are catego- effect will be negligible because the load displacement
rized as extreme environmental loads. is small. Where displacement is significant, consider
NUM-II-8212.4 Extreme Environmental Loads obstacle avoidance measures.)
(a) Earthquake Safe Shutdown (ES). The site SSE param-
eters shall be used in the seismic analysis of the crane
NUM-II-8215.3 Dynamic Analysis
or monorail following the guidance of section
NUM-II-8215.3.1 Response-Spectrum Method.
NUM-II-8215.
The crane or monorail shall be considered to respond
(b) Seismic Lifted Load SSE (LLES). For Type II equip- as a linear elastic system when using the response-
ment, the seismic lifted load for an SSE is the maximum
spectrum method. The undamped natural modes and
lifted load under the evaluated seismic conditions where
frequencies shall be computed using a model acceptable
the crane or monorail structure and hoist and trolley
under the rules of this section. These outputs shall serve
unit must remain in place. This lifted load is not a critical
as the basis for mode-by-mode computation of the
load and, therefore, the load itself need not be retained
response of the crane or monorail to each of the three
under the SSE event.
components of seismic input.
Depending upon the facility-specific application, the
requirement that Type II equipment remain in place may NUM-II-8215.3.2 Time-History Analysis. Time his-
not require consideration of a seismic lifted load. The tories of structural response at the appropriate level may
owner shall specify the seismic lifted load, if any, that be used for analysis of the crane or monorail. The time
is to be considered. histories shall be provided by the owner. Procedures for
NUM-II-8213 Load Combinations assembling the mathematical model shall be in accor-
dance with this section. The effects of the three compo-
Case 4: Crane or monorail subjected to a safe shut-
nents of ground motion shall be combined in accordance
down earthquake
with the following requirements:
DL + TL + LLES + ES + WLO (1) (a) The representative maximum values of the struc-
DL + TL + ES + WLO (2) tural responses to each of the three components of earth-
quake motion shall be combined by taking the square
where root of the sum of the squares of the maximum represen-
ES p load due to a safe shutdown earthquake tative values of the codirectional responses caused by
(SSE) each of the three components of earthquake motion at
LLES p maximum seismic lifted load during an SSE a particular point of the structure or of the mathematical
NUM-II-8215 Seismic Analysis for Type II Equipment model.
(b) The maximum value of a particular response of
NUM-II-8215.1 Methods of Analysis. A dynamic interest for design of a given element may be obtained
analysis method (e.g., response-spectrum or time- through a step-by-step method. The time-history
history method) or an equivalent static analysis shall be responses from each of the three components of the
used to establish the response of the equipment to a earthquake motions may be obtained separately and
seismic event. then combined algebraically at each time step, or the
NUM-II-8215.2 Seismic Input Data. The seismic response at each time step may be calculated directly,
input data for the equipment seismic analysis shall be owing to the simultaneous action of the three compo-
provided by the owner. The seismic input shall be speci- nents. The maximum response is determined by scan-
fied as broadened floor response spectra or time histories ning the combined time-history solution. When this
of acceleration, displacements, or velocities defined at an method is used, the earthquake motions specified in the
appropriate level in the structure supporting the crane or three different directions shall be statistically
monorail. independent.
ASME NUM-1–2009
θz θz
θy
Y
A Wall
connection
Hoist A
centroid
θy Y
Floor
Hoist
connection
centroid θx
θx
X
X
(b) Wall-Mounted Jib
(a) Floor-Mounted Jib
Z
θz C
Y
Z
θy
θz D
Connection to
structure (typ) Y
A θy
E
Hoist
Hoist θx B centroid
centroid
θx
X
X
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) The hoist is modeled as a lumped mass at its centroid.
(b) The members are modeled at their centroidal axis.
(c) The nodes shown illustrate wheel-to-rail boundary conditions. Additional nodes are required to complete the
mathematical model.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Floor Jib:
A Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed
Wall Jib:
A Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed
Monorail:
A Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed
Underhung:
A Fixed Fixed Fixed Free Free Free
B Free Fixed Fixed Free Free Free
C Fixed Free Fixed Free Free Free
D Free Free Fixed Free Free Free
E Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed Fixed
The analysis procedure shall use the bridge, jib, trolley, (b) With Closely Spaced Modes. When the results of the
and hoist in as many different positions as necessary to modal dynamic analysis show that some or all of the
envelope the worst case loading situation. Since this modes are closely spaced (two consecutive modes are
Standard encompasses many different cranes and mono- defined as closely spaced if their frequencies differ from
rails, which may be fabricated and installed in many each other by 10% or less of the lower frequency), modal
different configurations, it is the responsibility of the responses for each of the three components for seismic
manufacturer to determine the worst case input shall be combined using one of the following three
configurations. methods:
(09) NUM-II-8215.3.8 Crane or Monorail Damping (1) Grouping Method. Closely spaced modes shall
Values. The response of each mode shall be determined be divided into groups that include all modes having
from the amplified response spectra for the appropriate frequencies between the lowest frequency in the group
values of structural damping. A damping value of 7% of and a frequency 10% higher [see Note (1)]. The represen-
critical damping shall be used for the crane or monorail tative maximum value of a particular response of interest
when the SSE is used in the analysis. for the design of a given element of a nuclear power plant
structure, system, or the crane or monorail attributed to
NUM-II-8215.3.9 Number of Modes Required for each such group of modes, shall first be obtained by
Seismic Analysis. It is not generally necessary to taking the sum of the absolute values of the correspond-
include the contributions of all modes to the seismic ing peak values of the response of the element attributed
response of the crane or monorail. A modal participation to individual modes in that group. The representative
factor shall be used with the modal frequencies to select maximum value of this particular response attributed
significant modes. Since high frequency modes may to all the significant modes of the structure, system, or
respond strongly in some cases, it is not sufficient to limit the crane or monorail, shall then be obtained by taking
the modal analysis to the first several modes computed. the square root of the sum of the squares of correspond-
Additional modes shall be computed until the inclusion ing representative maximum values of the response of
of additional modes does not result in more than a 10% the element attributed to each closely spaced group of
increase in response.
modes and the remaining modal responses for the
NUM-II-8215.3.10 Combination of Modal modes that are not closely spaced.
Responses. In combining the dynamic responses, it Mathematically, this is expressed as follows:
shall be assumed that the dynamic responses have the
冤 冥
sign that yields the worst case for the combination being N P j j 1⁄2
considered. Rp ∑ R 2k + ∑ ∑ ∑ |Rlq Rmq | (5)
kp1 qp1 lpi mpi
(a) With No Closely Spaced Modes. When the results
of the modal dynamic analysis show that the crane or
monorail modes are not closely spaced, the equipment’s where l ≠ m; Rlq and Rmq are modal responses; Rl and
response to each of the three components of seismic Rm are within the qth group; i is the number of the mode
input shall be combined by taking the square root of where a group starts; j is the number of the mode where
the sum of the squares (SRSS). the group ends; R, Rk, and N are as defined in Note (2);
ASME NUM-1–2009
and P is the number of groups of closely spaced modes, (c) Combination of Three Components of Earthquake
excluding individual, separated modes. Motion. The representative maximum values of the
structural responses of each of the three directional com-
(2) 10% Method ponents of earthquake motion shall be combined by
taking the square root of the sum of the squares of the
冤 冥
1⁄
N 2 maximum m representative values of the codirectional
Rp ∑ R 2k + 2 ∑ |Ri Rj | (6) responses caused by each of the three components of
kp1
earthquake motion at each node of the crane or monorail
mathematical model.
where i ≠ j; and R, Rk, and N are as defined in Note (2).
The second summation shall be done on all i and j modes NUM-II-8215.4 Equivalent Static Analysis. In cases
whose frequencies are closely spaced to each other. Let where a dynamic analysis is not necessary because the
i and j be the frequencies of the ith and jth modes. crane or monorail model is very simple (as in the case of
To verify which of the modes are closely spaced, the a single-span monorail or simple jib crane), an equivalent
following equation shall be applied: static analysis can be performed.
NUM-II-8215.4.1 Mathematical Model. The crane
(j − i)/i ≤ 0.1 (7)
or monorail shall be represented by a generalized three-
Also, dimensional system of nodes. The model’s geometry
shall reflect the overall size, length, connectivity, and
1≤i<j≤N (8) stiffness of the various structural members. An appro-
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priate element representation of each member shall be
used to describe all components that contribute signifi-
(3) Double-Sum Method cantly to the stiffness of the crane or monorail.
NUM-II-8215.4.2 Decoupling Criteria for the
冤 冥
N N 1⁄2
Rp ∑ ∑ |Rk Rs| ⑀ks (9) Runway. Refer to NUM-II-8215.3.5.
kp1 sp1
NUM-II-8215.4.3 Trolley Locations and Hoist
Positions. Refer to NUM-II-8215.3.7.
where R, Rk, and N are as defined in Note (2). Rs is the
peak value of the response of the element attributed to NUM-II-8215.4.4 Crane or Monorail Damping
the sth mode, and ⑀ks is a correlation coefficient between Values. Refer to NUM-II-8215.3.8.
modes k and s.
NUM-II-8215.4.5 Number of Modes Required for
Seismic Analysis. Only the fundamental frequency of
冢 冤 冥冣
(k′ s′ )
2 −1
−
⑀ks p 1 + (10) the crane or monorail in each direction of earthquake
(k′ k + s′ s) is used. For fundamental frequencies less than or equal
to the frequency at which the maximum spectral acceler-
in which ation occurs, the maximum spectral acceleration shall
be used. For fundamental frequencies greater than the
冤
k′ p k 1 − 2k 冥 1⁄
2 (11) frequency at which the maximum spectral acceleration
occurs, the actual spectral acceleration depicted on the
response spectra curve shall be used. The maximum
2 spectral acceleration may conservatively be used with-
k′ p k + (12) out calculation of the fundamental frequency
td k
NUM-II-8215.4.6 Combination of Modal
where k and k are the modal frequency and the damp- Responses. Since only one mode is calculated in each
ing ratio in the kth mode, respectively, and td is the time direction, an increase factor of 1.5 shall be used on the
duration of the earthquake. acceleration to account for other modes.
NUM-II-8215.4.7 Combination of Three Components
NOTES: of Earthquake Motion. The representative maximum
(1) Groups shall be formed starting from the lowest frequency and values of the structural responses of each of the three
working toward successively higher frequencies. No one frequency directional components of earthquake motion shall be
shall be in more than one group.
combined by taking the square root of the sum of the
(2) R is the representative maximum value of a particular response
of a given element to a given component of an earthquake; Rk is
squares of the maximum representative values of the
the peak value of the response of the element due to the kth mode; codirectional responses caused by each of the three com-
and N is the number of significant modes considered in the modal ponents of earthquake motion at each node of the crane
response combination. or monorail mathematical model.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-III-1000
Introduction
Section NUM-III-2000
Underhung Cranes
operate on the bottom flange of a runway track (see structural requirements and criteria common to all
Fig. NUM-III-2100-1) cranes, refer to NUM-III-8200.
(b) underhung, multiple-girder cranes whose wheels
operate on the bottom flange of a runway track (see NUM-III-2220 Design Criteria
Figs. NUM-III-2100-2 and NUM-III-2100-3) NUM-III-2221 Allowable Deflections and Cambers
(c) semi-gantry cranes having one end of the bridge
supported by wheels operating on the bottom flange of NUM-III-2221.1 Miscellaneous Structure
a runway track and having one end of the bridge rigidly Deflection. Deflections of components such as end ties,
supported on a leg, with the leg supported on a top- end trucks, trolley load bars, and auxiliary beams shall
running end truck (covered in Section NUM-III-3000) not impair the functions for which they were designed
operating on a fixed rail or track (see or cause any attachments to the crane to become dis-
Fig. NUM-III-2100-4) lodged or leave the crane.
stresses are to be in accordance with NUM-III-8213 and NUM-III-2321.1 Bridge Drive Arrangements
NUM-III-8231. The wheel base of the outermost wheels (a) A-2 Drive
shall be 1⁄8 of the span or greater. (1) The motor is connected to a self-contained gear
End trucks may be of the rotating-axle or fixed-axle reducer unit located near the center of the bridge. The
type. Provisions shall be made to prevent a drop of the gear reducer is connected to a set of squaring shafts that
crane not more than 1 in. in the case of axle failure. in turn are connected to the end truck drive pinions.
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
When appropriate, equalizer bridge trucks are to be The pinions drive the geared section of the wheels.
incorporated to promote sharing of the bridge wheel (2) The motor is connected by chain and sprockets
loads. Equalizer pins are to be provided between equal- or through a self-contained reducer to a squaring shaft
izer truck and equalizer beams and/or rigid bridge that in turn is connected to the axle of the rubber wheels
structures. A rail sweep shall be provided in front of at each bridge end truck. The rubber drive wheels are
each outside wheel. End trucks shall be in accordance arranged to provide spring-loaded contact to the under-
with applicable sections of NUM-III-8200. side of the runway rail for traction drive.
(b) A-4 Drive
(1) A mechanically independent drive is provided
NUM-III-2300 MECHANICAL
at each bridge end truck. The drive motor is directly
NUM-III-2310 General connected to the integral self-contained gear reduction
This section covers the specific mechanical require- unit that in turn is connected to the drive pinion that
ments and criteria for underhung bridge cranes. For drives the geared section of the bridge wheels.
other mechanical requirements and criteria common to (2) A mechanically independent drive is provided
all cranes, refer to NUM-III-8300. at each bridge end truck. The drive motor is directly
connected to the integral self-contained gear reduction
NUM-III-2320 Bridge unit that in turn is connected to the axle of the rubber
wheel. The rubber drive wheel is arranged to provide
NUM-III-2321 Bridge Drive. The bridge drive spring-loaded contact to the underside of the runway
arrangements normally used with underhung bridge rail for traction drive.
cranes are illustrated in Figs. NUM-III-2321-1 and
NUM-III-2321-2. An underhung bridge has a minimum NUM-III-2322 Bridge Interlocking Mechanisms
of four pairs of wheels and shall utilize a drive arrange- (a) Interlock mechanisms for underhung cranes shall
ment where at least one pair of wheels is driven on maintain alignment between mating track sections and
each end truck. Underhung bridges running on multiple provide smooth trolley transfer across sections.
runways may be driven by wheel pairs on two or more (b) Stops or forks shall be part of the interlock mecha-
end trucks. End trucks may be driven by more than one nisms to prevent the trolley from rolling off open track
wheel pair. ends. When girders and spur tracks or transfer sections
ASME NUM-1–2009
are aligned and interlock mechanisms are engaged, stops NUM-III-2331 Underhung Trolley Drive. Trolley
or forks shall be in the open position and permit transfer drives for single-girder bridge cranes shall be in accor-
of the trolley. When girders and spurs or transfer tracks dance with NUM-III-7741. Underhung trolley drives for
are not aligned and the interlock mechanisms are not double-girder bridge cranes shall be driven on both sides
engaged, stops or forks shall be in the closed position. similar to bridge drives and in accordance with
(c) Interlock mechanisms shall be designed to limit NUM-III-8300.
vertical misalignment to less than 1⁄8 in. NUM-III-2340 Hoist
(d) Interlocking cranes and mating tracks shall have The hoist shall be in accordance with
a gap of less than 1⁄4 in. between adjacent ends of the Section NUM-III-7000.
load-carrying flange.
NUM-III-2400 ELECTRICAL
NUM-III-2330 Underhung Trolley NUM-III-2410 General
Underhung trolleys are covered by NUM-III-7700. If (a) Except as noted under (b) below, the following
the trolley is top running, refer to NOG-1 (for trolley information applies to underhung cranes that have an
design only). electric motor-operated bridge.
ASME NUM-1–2009
(b) For underhung cranes that do not have an electric (b) The location of the pendant push-button station
motor-operated bridge, but utilize either an electrically controllers shall be one of the following:
operated hoist or electrically operated trolley, the infor- (1) suspended from the hoist and trolley
mation listed under the following headings will still (2) suspended from a festooned messenger track
apply: Disconnects and Protective Devices, Operator system along the bridge span
Stations and Controllers, Current Conducting Systems, (3) suspended from a single point off the bridge
and Wiring Materials and Methods. (4) remote-mounted off the crane
(c) A crane operator station of any type shall meet
NUM-III-2420 Electrical Components the criteria on NUM-III-8425.
NUM-III-2421 Crane Controls. Crane controls shall NUM-III-2426 Electrical Enclosures. Electrical enclo-
meet the criteria of NUM-III-8421. sures shall be in accordance with the criteria of
NUM-III-8426, suitable for the owner-specified environ-
NUM-III-2422 Motors. Traverse drive motors for an mental conditions of service.
electric motor-operated bridge shall meet the criteria of
NUM-III-8422, with motor sizing in accordance with NUM-III-2427 Current Conductor Systems
NUM-III-8422.4. (a) The type and location of runway system conduc-
tors shall be specified by the owner.
NUM-III-2423 Brakes (b) All current conductor systems shall meet the crite-
(a) An electric motor-operated bridge shall be fur- ria of NUM-III-8427.
nished with either a noncoasting mechanical drive or
NUM-III-2428 Warning Devices. Warning device
spring-set, friction-type brakes for each traverse drive
information and criteria shall be in accordance with
motor.
NUM-III-8428.
(b) A noncoasting mechanical drive shall be capable
of stopping the motion of the bridge within a distance NUM-III-2429 Auxiliary Electrical Equipment. Auxil-
in feet equal to 10% of the full load speed in feet per iary electrical equipment information and criteria, such
minute when traveling at full speed with rated load. as for travel limit switches, shall be in accordance with
(c) Spring-set, friction-type brakes shall be in accor- NUM-III-8429.
dance with NUM-III-8423. NUM-III-2430 Wiring Materials and Methods
NUM-III-2424 Disconnects and Protective Devices. Wiring materials and methods shall meet the criteria
Disconnects and protective devices shall be provided in of NUM-III-8430.
accordance with NUM-III-8424.
NUM-III-2425 Operator Stations and Controllers NUM-III-2500 INSPECTION AND TESTING
(a) The type of operator station and its location shall Perform inspection and testing of underhung cranes
be specified by the owner. in accordance with NUM-III-8500, as applicable.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-III-3000
Top-Running Bridge and Gantry Cranes
bars, and auxiliary beams shall not impair the functions plate girders. Where necessary, auxiliary girders shall be
for which they were designed or cause any attachments used to support overhanging loads to minimize torsional
of the crane to become dislodged or leave the crane. moments on and lateral deflections of the girder. The
analysis required for girders shall be in accordance with
NUM-III-3221.2 Girder Deflection. The maximum
NUM-III-8200. On spans over 16 ft, the ratio of span to
vertical deflection of the girder produced by the bridge
top flange width shall not exceed 60 to 1.
dead load, trolley dead load (including hoist dead
weight), and the design rated load shall not exceed 1⁄600 NUM-III-3232 End Trucks. The crane bridge shall be
of the span. Vertical inertia forces need not be considered carried on end trucks designed to carry the rated load
in determining deflection. For interlocking cranes, the when lifted at one end of the crane bridge (closest
deflection shall not exceed 1⁄1,000 of the span. approach). Load combinations and basic allowable
stresses are to be in accordance with NUM-III-8213 and
NUM-III-3221.3 Girder Camber. Where girders are NUM-III-8231. The wheel base of the outermost wheels
cambered, the recommended amount is equal to the shall be one-eighth of the span or greater.
bridge dead load deflection, plus one-half of the deflec- End trucks may be of the rotating-axle or fixed-axle
tion caused by the trolley dead load (including hoist type. Provisions shall be made to prevent a drop of the
dead weight), plus one-half of the deflection caused by crane not more than 1 in. in the case of axle failure.
the design rated load. Girder camber and deflection shall When appropriate, equalizer bridge trucks are to be
be considered when determining vertical clearance. incorporated to promote sharing of the bridge wheel
NUM-III-3222 Wind Loads. Gantry structures shall loads. Equalizing pins are to be provided between equal-
be designed to withstand wind-loading conditions as izer truck and equalizer beams and/or rigid bridge
specified by the owner. If loads are specified, a load structures. A rail sweep shall be provided in front of
of 30 psf on the projected area, under nonoperating each outside wheel and shall project below the top of
conditions, is to be used. For through-leg gantries, a the runway rail. End trucks shall also be in accordance
check is to be made using a 5 psf wind loading with with applicable sections of NUM-III-8200.
the lifted load at the end of the bridge.
NUM-III-3300 MECHANICAL
NUM-III-3230 Components Design NUM-III-3310 General
NUM-III-3231 Girders, Beams, or Tracks. Girders This section covers the specific mechanical require-
may be standard rolled beams, patented shape track, or ments and criteria for top-running bridge and gantry
ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
cranes. For other mechanical requirements and criteria gear reduction unit, also located near the span center
common to all cranes, refer to NUM-III-8300. that in turn is connected to a set of line shafts that are
connected to the wheel axles.
NUM-III-3320 Bridge Drive (b) A-2 Drive. The motor is located near the center of
Bridge drive arrangements normally used with top- the bridge span and connected by a flexible coupling to
running bridge cranes are illustrated in a self-contained gear reduction unit, also located near
Figs. NUM-III-3320-1, NUM-III-3320-2, and the span center that in turn is connected to a set of line
NUM-III-3320-3. A top-running bridge has a minimum shafts by solid or semi-flexible couplings. Each line shaft
of four wheels and shall utilize a drive arrangement is connected to a pinion at the end truck that meshes
where at least one wheel is driven on each end truck. with the drive gear. Connecting couplings between line
(a) A-1 Drive. The motor is located near the center of shaft and pinion are semi-flexible. All other couplings,
the bridge span and is connected to a self-contained if required, are of the solid type.
ASME NUM-1–2009
(c) A-4 Drive. Two mechanically independent drive spring-set, friction-type brakes for each traverse drive
arrangements are provided, one unit at each end truck motor.
of the bridge. Motors are connected to the gear reduction (b) A noncoasting mechanical drive shall be capable
units that in turn are connected to the wheel axles. of stopping the motion of the bridge within a distance
in feet equal to 10% of the full load speed in feet per
NUM-III-3321 Travel Drives for Gantry Cranes. For
minute when traveling at full speed with rated load.
travel drives on gantry cranes, the number of driven
wheels shall be selected based on crane acceleration (c) Spring-set, friction-type brakes shall be in accor-
rates to prevent wheel skidding. dance with NUM-III-8423.
NUM-III-3322 Gantry Crane Drive Brakes. Each NUM-III-3424 Disconnects and Protective Devices.
motorized drive on gantry cranes shall be provided with Disconnects and protective devices shall be provided in
a suitable brake and sized as described in NUM-III-8300. accordance with NUM-III-8424.
NUM-III-3425 Operator Stations and Controllers
NUM-III-3330 Underhung Trolley
(a) The type of operator station and its location shall
Underhung trolleys are covered by NUM-III-7700. If be specified by the owner.
the trolley is top running, refer to NOG-1 for entire (b) The location of the pendant push-button station
crane. controllers shall be one of the following:
NUM-III-3331 Underhung Trolley Drive. Trolley (1) suspended from the hoist and trolley
drives for single-girder bridge cranes shall be in accor- (2) suspended from a festooned messenger track
dance with NUM-III-7741. Underhung trolley drives for system along the bridge span
double-girder bridge cranes shall be driven on both sides (3) suspended from a single point off the bridge
similar to bridge drives and in accordance with (4) remote-mounted off the crane
NUM-III-8300. (c) A crane operator station of any type shall meet
the criteria of NUM-III-8425.
NUM-III-3340 Hoist
The hoist shall be in accordance with NUM-III-3426 Electrical Enclosures. Electrical enclo-
Section NUM-III-7000. sures shall be in accordance with the criteria of
NUM-III-8426, suitable for the owner-specified environ-
mental conditions of service.
NUM-III-3400 ELECTRICAL
NUM-III-3427 Current Conductor Systems
NUM-III-3410 General (a) The type and location of runway system conduc-
(a) Except as noted under (b) below, the following tors shall be specified by the owner.
information applies to top-running bridge and gantry (b) All current conductor systems shall meet the crite-
cranes that have an electric motor-operated bridge. ria of NUM-III-8427.
(b) For top-running bridge and gantry cranes that do
not have an electric motor-operated bridge but utilize NUM-III-3428 Warning Devices. Warning device
either an electrically operated hoist or electrically oper- information and criteria shall be in accordance with
ated trolley, the information listed under the following NUM-III-8428.
headings will still apply: Disconnects and Protective NUM-III-3429 Auxiliary Electrical Equipment. Auxil-
Devices, Operator Stations and Controllers, Current iary electrical equipment information and criteria, such
Conducting Systems, and Wiring Materials and as for travel limit switches, shall be in accordance with
Methods. NUM-III-8429.
NUM-III-3420 Electrical Components NUM-III-3430 Wiring Materials and Methods
NUM-III-3421 Crane Controls. Crane controls shall Wiring materials and methods shall meet the criteria
meet the criteria of NUM-III-8421. of NUM-III-8430.
NUM-III-3422 Motors. Traverse drive motors for an
electric motor-operated bridge shall meet the criteria of
NUM-III-3500 INSPECTION AND TESTING
NUM-III-8422, with motor sizing in accordance with
NUM-III-8422.4. NUM-III-3510 Performance
NUM-III-3423 Brakes Perform inspection and testing of top-running bridge
(a) An electric-motor-operated bridge shall be fur- and gantry cranes in accordance with NUM-III-8500, as
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Section NUM-III-4000
Traveling Wall Cranes
considered in determining deflection. a cantilevered girder. The driven vertical truck may be
ASME NUM-1–2009
top running with wheels on standard rails or underhung spring-set, friction-type brakes for each traverse drive
from the lower flange of an I-beam or patented track. motor.
The horizontal reaction idler trucks may be constructed (b) A noncoasting mechanical drive shall be capable
similar to the vertical truck, top running or under run- of stopping the motion of the wall crane, within a dis-
ning (see Fig. NUM-III-4100-1). tance in feet equal to 10% of the full load speed in feet
per minute when traveling at full speed with rated load.
NUM-III-4322 End Truck Assembly. For the truck
assembly drive, if the vertical wheels are top running, (c) Spring-set, friction-type brakes shall be in accor-
a minimum of two wheels shall be driven. If the vertical dance with NUM-III-8423.
wheels are under running, a minimum of two pairs of NUM-III-4424 Disconnects and Protective Devices.
wheels shall be driven. Disconnects and protective devices shall be provided in
NUM-III-4322.1 Crane Drive Brakes. Each motor- accordance with NUM-III-8424.
ized drive shall be provided with a suitable brake, sized NUM-III-4425 Operator Stations and Controllers
as described in NUM-III-8300. (a) The type of operator station and its location shall
be specified by the owner.
NUM-III-4330 Underhung Trolley
(b) The location of the pendant push-button station
Underhung trolleys are covered by NUM-III-7700. If controllers shall be one of the following:
the trolley is top running, refer to NOG-1 (for trolley (1) suspended from the hoist and trolley
design only). (2) suspended from a festooned messenger track
NUM-III-4331 Underhung Trolley Drive. Trolley system along the wall crane’s boom
drives for single-girder bridge cranes shall be in accor- (3) suspended from a single point off the wall
dance with NUM-III-7741. Underhung trolley drives for crane’s vertical frame or boom
double-girder bridge cranes shall be driven on both sides (4) remote-mounted off the crane
similar to bridge drives and shall be in accordance with (c) A crane operator station of any type shall meet
NUM-III-8300. the criteria of NUM-III-8425.
(a) An electric motor-operated wall crane shall be fur- (a) Check the levelness and alignment of the wall
nished with either a noncoasting mechanical drive, or crane, without load.
ASME NUM-1–2009
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ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-III-5000
Jib Cranes
Fig. NUM-III-5100-1 Wall-Mounted Jib Cranes requirements and criteria common to all cranes, refer to
NUM-III-8300.
(a) If the jib crane is subject to damage due to wind
loading, a means shall be provided to tie down or
restrain the boom during storage.
(b) If the jib crane’s boom is located 16 ft or more
above the operating floor, or if the jib crane is subject
to wind loading, the jib boom’s rotation should be hand-
gear powered or motorized.
NUM-III-5330 Hoist
The hoist shall be in accordance with NUM-III-7000.
NUM-III-5400 ELECTRICAL
NUM-III-5410 General
(a) Except as noted under (b) below, the following
information applies to jib cranes that have motor-
operated boom rotation.
(b) For jib cranes that do not have a motor-operated
boom, but utilize either an electrically operated hoist or
electrically operated trolley, the information listed under
the following headings will still apply: Disconnects and
Protective Devices, Operator Stations and Controllers,
Current Conducting Systems, and Wiring Materials and
Methods.
(c) See NUM-B-2000 for a jib slew drive sample calcu- (2) suspended from a festooned messenger track
lation and NUM-B-3000 for derivation of simplified system along the boom
horsepower formula. (3) suspended from a single point off the jib boom,
or suspended off the jib hood for a self-supported jib
NUM-III-5423 Brakes
(4) mounted on the mast of a self-supported jib
(a) A motorized boom shall be furnished with either
(5) remote-mounted off the crane
a noncoasting mechanical drive or a spring-set, friction-
(c) A crane operator station of any type shall meet
type brake.
the criteria on NUM-III-8425.
(b) A noncoasting mechanical drive shall be capable
of stopping the motion of the jib boom within a distance NUM-III-5426 Electrical Enclosures. Electrical enclo-
in revolutions equal to 10% of the full load speed in sures shall be in accordance with the criteria of
revolutions per minute when traveling at full speed with NUM-III-8426, suitable for the owner-specified environ-
rated load. mental conditions of service.
(c) A spring-set, friction-type brake shall have a NUM-III-5427 Current Conductor Systems
torque rating of at least 50% of the rated motor torque (a) Unless otherwise specified by the owner, the main
and shall meet the additional criteria of NUM-III-8423. power conductors to a motorized jib or manual jib with
NUM-III-5424 Disconnects and Protective Devices. either an electrically operated hoist or electrically oper-
Disconnects and protective devices shall be provided in ated trolley shall be by the owner.
accordance with NUM-III-8424. (1) Location of the main power supply interface
shall be specified by the owner.
NUM-III-5425 Operator Stations and Controllers (2) For a self-supporting jib, the main power supply
(a) The type of operator station and its location shall interface is normally identified as either a top entry or
be specified by the owner. bottom entry system.
(b) The location of the push-button station controllers (b) All current conductor systems shall meet the crite-
shall be one of the following: ria of NUM-III-8427, with jib boom conductors meeting
(1) suspended from the hoist and trolley the same criteria as that specified for bridge systems.
ASME NUM-1–2009
NUM-III-5428 Warning Devices. Warning device (a) Check the levelness and alignment of the boom
information and criteria shall be in accordance with or jib, without load.
NUM-III-8428. (b) Check deflection of boom with rated load applied
at maximum distance from wall, mast, or column sup-
NUM-III-5429 Auxiliary Electrical Equipment. Auxil-
port. Deflection shall not exceed the maximum specified
iary electrical equipment information and criteria, such
in NUM-III-5200. Verify that the trolley does not drift
as for travel limit switches, shall be in accordance with
along the boom at rated load.
NUM-III-8429.
(c) Verify proper rotation of the jib throughout its
NUM-III-5430 Wiring Materials and Methods full range of travel with the rated load applied at the
maximum distance from the wall, mast, or column sup-
Wiring materials and methods shall meet the criteria
port as permitted by the test load configuration. Verify
of NUM-III-8430.
that the amount of boom drift under these conditions
is acceptable.
NUM-III-5500 INSPECTION AND TESTING
NUM-III-5510 Performance
Perform inspection and testing of jib cranes in accor-
dance with NUM-III-8500, as applicable, and the follow-
ing (to be performed after installation at site):
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-III-6000
Monorail Systems
NUM-III-6200 STRUCTURAL
NUM-III-6210 General
This section covers the structural requirements and
design criteria specific to Type III monorail systems as
described in NUM-III-6100. For other structural require-
ments and criteria, refer to NUM-III-8200.
Fig. NUM-III-6100-2 Two-Way Switches shall be limited by the stress imposed on the lower load-
carrying flange.
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(f) All monorail beam supports shall conform to the
minimum design parameters as specified in
Fig. NUM-III-6100-3 Three-Way Switches NUM-III-8200 and the AISC Manual of Steel
Construction.
NUM-III-6300 MECHANICAL
NUM-III-6310 General
This section covers the specific mechanical require-
ments and criteria for monorail systems. For other
mechanical requirements and criteria common to all
cranes, refer to NUM-III-8300.
ASME NUM-1–2009
NUM-III-6320 Carrier (Trolley) and stationary track and shall prevent a carrier from
running off the open ends of the movable or stationary
NUM-III-6321 Carrier Drives. Carrier drives for
track when the movable track is not in alignment with
monorail cranes shall be in accordance with
the stationary tracks.
NUM-III-7741.
(4) combined with the controllers of a suspended (1) proper alignment and operation
push-button station from an interlocking bridge (2) spacing (gaps)
(5) remote-mounted off the monorail (3) stops or guards on open ends of track and on
NUM-III-6426 Electrical Enclosures. Electrical enclo- movable track
sures shall be in accordance with the criteria of (4) means of holding movable track when carrier
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NUM-III-8426, suitable for the owner-specified environ- (trolley) is being moved on it
mental conditions of service. (5) electric baffles (if provided to prevent load path
from interfering with load path of adjacent track)
NUM-III-6427 Current Conductor Systems. All cur-
rent conductor systems shall meet the criteria of NOTE: Track switches shall only operate with an unloaded car-
NUM-III-8427, with monorail system conductors meet- rier unless otherwise specified and designed for.
ing the same requirements as those specified for bridge (c) Track Openers. Check track openers, if provided,
conductors. for
NUM-III-6428 Warning Devices. A gong or other (1) proper alignment and operation
warning means shall be provided for all cab-operated (2) spacing (gaps)
and remote-operated monorail systems. (3) proper installation of forks or stops to prevent
NUM-III-6429 Auxiliary Electrical Equipment. Elec- carrier (trolley) from running off open ends of track
trical interlocks and travel limit switches shall be pro- when movable section is not aligned with the track
vided as requested by the owner. (d) Vertical Drop and Lift Sections. Check vertical drop
and lift sections for
NUM-III-6430 Wiring Materials and Methods (1) proper alignment
Wiring materials and methods shall meet the criteria (2) spacing (gaps)
of NUM-III-8430. (3) end stops
(4) clearances
NUM-III-6500 INSPECTION AND TESTING (5) electric baffles (if provided for cab-operated car-
riers or automatic-dispatch carriers)
NUM-III-6510 Performance (e) Clearances. Check clearances of lateral or overhead
Inspection and testing of monorails shall be in accor- obstructions for compliance with NUM-G-3500.
dance with NUM-III-8500. The following site inspections (f) Locking and Safety Devices. During no-load opera-
shall be performed as applicable to verify installation: tional testing, check all locking and safety devices for
(a) Tracks. Check the following for compliance with interlocking mechanisms, track switches, drop sections,
drawings and with NUM-III-6200: and lift sections.
(1) track levelness (g) Deflection. Check deflection of track and track
(2) proper location and installation of supports components at rated load for compliance with
(e.g., hanger rods) NUM-III-6200.
(3) bracing to prevent excessive sway (h) Rated Load Testing. During rated load testing,
(4) rail couplings (splice plates) check the trolley for smooth motion in all directions,
(5) rail spacing (gaps) around all curves, across all rail splices, and through
(6) track radii all switch configuration and travel direction. Check for
(7) proper clearances proper structural bracing to prevent excessive sway and
(8) end stops to check for proper alignment of track splices and
(b) Track Switches. Check track switches for switches under load.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-III-7000
Overhead Hoists and Under-Running Trolleys
(b) All hoists listed above are considered overhead For design considerations common to all hoist types,
hoists and are to be utilized for vertical lifting or low- refer to NUM-III-7900. The following is a list of applica-
ering a freely suspended, unguided load. ble NUM-III references:
NUM-III-7910 General
NUM-III-7920 Application
Fig. NUM-III-7100-2 Hand-Chain Hoist NUM-III-7930 Design Considerations
NUM-III-7940 Mechanical
NUM-III-7941 Hooks and Load Blocks
NUM-III-7941.1 Hooks
NUM-III-7941.2 Load Blocks
NUM-III-7942 Wire Rope
NUM-III-7942.1 Sheaves
NUM-III-7942.2 Drums
NUM-III-7942.3 Reeving
NUM-III-7944 Bearings and Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7944.1 Bearings
NUM-III-7944.2 Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7945 Gearing
NUM-III-7946 Hoist Brakes
NUM-III-7946.1 Power-Operated Hoists
NUM-III-7947 Over-Travel and Overload-Limiting
Devices
NUM-III-7947.1 Over-Travel Protection
NUM-III-7947.2 Overload-Limiting Devices
NUM-III-7948 Motor Size Selection
NUM-III-7950 Electrical
NUM-III-7951 General
NUM-III-7951.1 Hazardous Location
NUM-III-7951.2 Fungus Protection
NUM-III-7952 Motors
NUM-III-7953 Controllers
NUM-III-7953.1 Types of Control
NUM-III-7953.2 VFD Hoist Controls
Fig. NUM-III-7100-3 Electric-Chain Hoist NUM-III-7953.3 Contactors
NUM-III-7953.4 Pendant Control
NUM-III-7953.5 Pull-Cord Control
NUM-III-7954 Control Enclosures
NUM-III-7955 Resistors
NUM-III-7956 Current Conductor System
NUM-III-7970 Hoist Marking
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ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
NUM-III-7320 Common Design Considerations NUM-III-7330 Specific Design Considerations
For design considerations common to all hoist types, For design considerations specific to hand-chain
refer to NUM-III-7900. The following is a list of para- hoists, refer to the paragraphs below.
graphs applicable to hand-chain hoists: NUM-III-7340 Mechanical
NUM-III-7910 General NUM-III-7341 Hand Chains
NUM-III-7920 Application (a) Hand chains shall be of the link-chain type. Each
NUM-III-7930 Design Considerations link shall be of uniform size and shape with an accurate
NUM-III-7940 Mechanical pitch to reliably pass over and around the hand-chain
NUM-III-7941 Hooks and Load Blocks wheels.
NUM-III-7941.1 Hooks (b) Hand chains shall be endless link chain and shall
NUM-III-7941.2 Load Blocks reach to within 18 to 24 in. of the operator’s floor level
NUM-III-7943 Chains or as specified by the owner.
NUM-III-7943.1 Load Chains (c) Hoist hand chains shall withstand, without per-
NUM-III-7943.2 Load Sprockets manent distortion, a pull of either three times the pull
NUM-III-7943.3 Chain Containers required to lift rated load, or 300 lb, whichever is greater.
NUM-III-7944 Bearings and Rotating Shafts (d) Typical hand-chain pull and overhaul characteris-
NUM-III-7944.1 Bearings tics are presented in Fig. NUM-B-4000-1.
NUM-III-7944.2 Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7945 Gearing NUM-III-7400 ELECTRIC-CHAIN HOISTS
NUM-III-7946 Hoist Brakes NUM-III-7410 General
NUM-III-7946.2 Manual-Operated Hoists This section applies to electric-chain hoists for vertical
NUM-III-7947 Over-Travel and Overload-Limiting lifting service involving material handling of freely sus-
Devices pended, unguided loads using load chain of the welded-
NUM-III-7947.1 Over-Travel Protection link type with one of the following types of suspension
NUM-III-7970 Hoist Marking (see Fig. NUM-III-7410-1):
ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(a) hook or clevis NUM-III-7950 Electrical
(b) lug NUM-III-7951 General
(c) trolley NUM-III-7951.1 Hazardous Location
NUM-III-7951.2 Fungus Protection
NUM-III-7420 Common Design Considerations NUM-III-7952 Motors
For design considerations common to all hoist types, NUM-III-7953 Controllers
refer to NUM-III-7900. The following is a list of para- NUM-III-7953.1 Types of Control
graphs applicable to electric-chain hoists: NUM-III-7953.2 VFD Hoist Controls
NUM-III-7953.3 Contactors
NUM-III-7910 General NUM-III-7953.4 Pendant Control
NUM-III-7920 Application NUM-III-7953.5 Pull-Cord Control
NUM-III-7930 Design Considerations NUM-III-7954 Control Enclosures
NUM-III-7940 Mechanical NUM-III-7955 Resistors
NUM-III-7941 Hooks and Load Blocks NUM-III-7956 Current Conductor System
NUM-III-7941.1 Hooks NUM-III-7970 Hoist Marking
NUM-III-7941.2 Load Blocks
NUM-III-7943 Chains NUM-III-7430 Specific Design Considerations
NUM-III-7943.1 Load Chains
All design considerations for electric-chain hoists are
NUM-III-7943.2 Load Sprockets
covered in NUM-III-7900.
NUM-III-7943.3 Chain Containers
NUM-III-7944 Bearings and Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7944.1 Bearings NUM-III-7500 AIR-OPERATED WIRE-ROPE HOISTS
NUM-III-7944.2 Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7510 General
NUM-III-7945 Gearing
NUM-III-7946 Hoist Brakes This section applies to air-operated wire-rope hoists
NUM-III-7946.1 Power-Operated Hoists for vertical lifting service involving material handling
NUM-III-7947 Over-Travel and Overload-Limiting of freely suspended unguided loads using wire rope as
Devices a lifting medium with one of the following types of
NUM-III-7947.1 Over-Travel Protection suspension (see Fig. NUM-III-7510-1):
NUM-III-7947.2 Overload-Limiting Devices (a) lug
NUM-III-7948 Motor Size Selection (b) hook
ASME NUM-1–2009
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ASME NUM-1–2009
NUM-III-7940 Mechanical
NUM-III-7941 Hooks and Load Blocks NUM-III-7943.2 Load Sprockets
NUM-III-7941.1 Hooks NUM-III-7943.3 Chain Containers
NUM-III-7941.2 Load Blocks NUM-III-7944 Bearings and Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7942 NUM-III-7944.1 Bearings
Wire Rope
NUM-III-7944.2 Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7942.1 Sheaves
NUM-III-7945 Gearing
NUM-III-7942.2 Drums
NUM-III-7946 Hoist Brakes
NUM-III-7942.3 Reeving
NUM-III-7946.1 Power-Operated Hoists
NUM-III-7944 Bearings and Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7947 Over-Travel and Overload-Limiting
NUM-III-7944.1 Bearings
Devices
NUM-III-7944.2 Rotating Shafts
NUM-III-7947.1 Over-Travel Protection
NUM-III-7945 Gearing
NUM-III-7947.2 Overload-Limiting Devices
NUM-III-7946 Hoist Brakes
NUM-III-7948 Motor Size Selection
NUM-III-7946.1 Power-Operated Hoists
NUM-III-7960 Pneumatic
NUM-III-7947 Over-Travel and Overload-Limiting NUM-III-7961 Air Motors
Devices NUM-III-7962 Air Motor Controls
NUM-III-7947.1 Over-Travel Protection NUM-III-7962.1 Pendant Control
NUM-III-7947.2 Overload-Limiting Devices NUM-III-7962.2 Pull Control
NUM-III-7948 Motor Size Selection NUM-III-7962.3 Rod Control
NUM-III-7960 Pneumatic NUM-III-7970 Hoist Marking
NUM-III-7961 Air Motors
NUM-III-7962 Air Motor Controls NUM-III-7630 Specific Design Considerations
NUM-III-7962.1 Pendant Control All design considerations for air-operated chain hoists
NUM-III-7962.2 Pull Control are covered in NUM-III-7900.
NUM-III-7962.3 Rod Control
NUM-III-7970 Hoist Marking
NUM-III-7700 UNDER-RUNNING TROLLEYS
NUM-III-7530 Specific Design Considerations
NUM-III-7710 General
All design considerations for air-operated wire-rope This section applies to plain-type, hand-chain-
hoists are covered in NUM-III-7900. operated, and motor-driven under-running trolleys.
Trolleys may be suspended from multiple girders or
NUM-III-7600 AIR-OPERATED CHAIN HOISTS from a single girder. Trolleys may be either integral with
a hoist or may be furnished as separate units to which
NUM-III-7610 General a hoist or load could be attached.
This section applies to air-powered chain hoists for NUM-III-7711 Design Considerations. Factors to be
vertical lifting service involving material handling of considered in the design of the trolley include curved
freely suspended unguided loads using load chain of beams, beam switches, exceptionally long runs, or con-
the welded-link type with one of the following types of tinuous operation.
suspension (see Fig. NUM-III-7610-1):
(a) hook or clevis NUM-III-7720 Application
(b) lug See NUM-B-5000 regarding under-running trolley
(c) trolley application.
ASME NUM-1–2009
NUM-III-7730 Structural Design (b) The chain pull required to move the trolley shall
All structural design shall be in accordance with not exceed 60 lbs. The hand chain shall reach to within
NUM-III-8200. 18 in. to 24 in. of the operator’s floor level or as specified
by the owner.
NUM-III-7731 Impact Allowance. Where powered (c) Trolley hand chains shall withstand, without per-
hoists are used, an impact allowance shall be 0.5% of manent distortion, a force of three times the pull required
the rated load for each foot per minute of hoisting speed to traverse the trolley at rated load or 300 lbs, whichever
with a minimum allowance of 15% and a maximum is greater.
of 50%. (d) The hand chains shall be guided to guard against
NUM-III-7732 Trolley Frames disengagement from the hand-chain wheel and to per-
mit operation of the hand chain from an angle 10 deg
(a) Safety lugs or brackets should be provided on the
out from either side of the chain wheel.
trolley frame to limit the drop to no greater than 1 in.
should an axle or wheel fail. NUM-III-7741.3 Motor-Operated Trolleys. Motor-
(b) The trolley frame shall be of rigid construction operated trolleys shall be one of the following
such that lifted loads do not cause deflections that impair arrangements:
the proper operation of machinery. (a) a driving mechanism where traction is dependent
upon the wheel load of the driving wheels running on
NUM-III-7740 Mechanical the top side of the lower flange.
NUM-III-7741 Trolley Drives (b) a tractor drive that provides traction by pressure
of the driving wheel or wheels on the underside of the
NUM-III-7741.1 Plain (Push) Type. Trolley motion track. The pressure of the driving wheel or wheels on
is induced by pushing/pulling the load or by use of a the tractor drive shall be adjustable. Tractor drives may
tag line. be separate units or combined with the load-supporting
wheels.
NUM-III-7741.2 Hand-Chain Operated
(c) a cushioned start or variable speed drive is recom-
(a) Trolley motion is induced by pulling on an endless
mended for trolley speeds above 100 ft/min and for
link chain driving a sprocket wheel. The motion of the
trolleys used on beams with curved sections.
sprocket wheel shall be transmitted through suitable
gearing to wheel-gear pinion sets. A minimum of two NUM-III-7742 Wheels. Trolley wheels shall be in
wheels shall be driven on each trolley. accordance with NUM-III-8344.
ASME NUM-1–2009
NUM-III-7743 Drive Shafts. Trolley drive shafts shall loads and forces imposed by the hoists during operation
be in accordance with NUM-III-8343. at rated loads and speeds.
NUM-III-7744 Bearings NUM-III-7930 Design Considerations
(a) Wheel bearings shall be in accordance with
(a) The hoist and its means of suspension supplied
NUM-III-8344.4.
with the hoist shall be designed to withstand all stresses
(b) Bearings for motorized trolleys shall be selected imposed under normal operating conditions while han-
to provide a minimum L-10 life of 1,250 hr for Class A dling the rated load.
service, 2,500 hr for Class B service, 5,000 hr for Class C
(b) All load-carrying parts for power-operated hoists
service, and 10,000 hr for Class D service. (For service
shall be designed so that the static stress calculated for
class, refer to NUM-G-3200.)
the rated load shall not exceed 20% of the average ulti-
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(c) Bearing life shall be based on 75% of the wheel mate strength of the material.
load (impact not included) for full rated speed of motor-
(c) For power-operated hoists, the power transmis-
propelled trolleys. For manually propelled trolleys, use
sion parts shall be designed so that the dynamic stresses
a speed of 150 fpm.
calculated for the rated load shall not exceed the fatigue
(d) Bearings other than wheel bearings shall be in and endurance limits established in accordance with
accordance with NUM-III-8342. NUM-III-8340 for the specified service class.
NUM-III-7745 Gearing. Trolley gearing other than (d) All load-carrying parts for manually operated
chain sprockets shall be in accordance with hoists shall be designed so that the static stress calcu-
NUM-III-8341. lated for the rated load shall not exceed 25% of the
average ultimate material strength.
NUM-III-7746 Brakes. Trolley brakes, when speci-
(e) Modifications to upgrade, rerate, or modernize
fied, shall be in accordance with NUM-III-8332.
hoist equipment shall be as authorized only by the origi-
NUM-III-7747 Bumpers. Bumpers, if specified, shall nal equipment manufacturer or a qualified person.
be in accordance with NUM-III-8333.
NUM-III-7940 Mechanical
NUM-III-7748 Mechanical Component Design. All
Mechanical component connections shall be designed
other mechanical components shall be designed in accor-
to accommodate all dynamic forces, such as those
dance with NUM-III-8320.
induced by motor starting (where applicable) and brak-
NUM-III-7750 Motors ing applications.
Motors shall be in accordance with NUM-III-8400 for NUM-III-7941 Hooks and Load Blocks
electric motors and NUM-III-7961 for air motors. NUM-III-7941.1 Hooks
NUM-III-7751 Motor Controls. Controls shall be in (a) If the hooks are of the swiveling type, they shall
accordance with NUM-III-7950 (electric) or be capable of rotating through 360 deg when supporting
NUM-III-7960 (air). the rated load, unless otherwise specified by the owner.
(b) Hook latches shall be provided, unless the applica-
NUM-III-7800 INSPECTION AND TESTING tion makes use of the latch impractical. When required,
a hook latch shall be provided to bridge the throat open-
Perform inspection and testing of hoists and under- ing of the hook for the purpose of retaining slings,
running trolleys in accordance with NUM-III-8500. chains, etc., under slack conditions. Depending on the
conditions of service, consideration shall be given to the
NUM-III-7900 HOIST COMMON REQUIREMENTS use of hook latches constructed of corrosion-resistant
materials.
NUM-III-7910 General (c) All hooks and latches shall comply with
This section applies to all requirements that are com- ASME B30.10.
mon to all (electric or air) manual and power-operated
NUM-III-7941.2 Load Blocks. Load blocks shall be
hoists for vertical lifting service involving material han-
of the guarded/enclosed type and shall guard against
dling of freely suspended, unguided loads, using wire-
rope or load-chain jamming under normal operating
rope or welded-link-type load chains as a lifting
conditions.
medium.
NUM-III-7942 Wire Rope
NUM-III-7920 Application (a) Wire rope shall be of a type and construction suit-
Hoists shall be capable of vertical lifting or lowering able for hoist service.
a freely suspended, unguided load within their rated (b) The rated load divided by the number of parts of
load. The supporting structure, including trolley, mono- the rope shall not exceed 20% of the nominal strength
rail, or crane, if any, shall be designed to withstand the of the rope as defined in the Wire Rope Users Manual.
ASME NUM-1–2009
H1 and H2 16 ⴛ d 20 ⴛ d
H3 18 ⴛ d 24 ⴛ d
H4 20 ⴛ d 24 ⴛ d
H5 24 ⴛ d 30 ⴛ d
(c) The rope ends shall be attached to the hoist in cause rope damage. The cross-sectional radius at the
such a manner as to prevent disengagement throughout bottom of the groove should form a close-fitting saddle
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
rated hook travel. for the size of the rope used. The top edge of the grooves
(d) End terminations shall be in accordance with the shall be rounded to minimize rope damage and wear.
Wire Rope Users Manual. (b) Rope drums shall be flanged to guard against
(e) Rope clips shall be drop forged. Clip application ropes sliding over the ends of the drum. Drums that are
shall be in accordance with the Wire Rope Users Manual. mounted in the hoist structure such that the rope cannot
(f) If a load is supported by more than one part of slip over the drum ends do not require flanges.
rope, the tension on all parts shall be equalized.
(c) All rope drums shall have only one layer of rope
(g) Rope fleet angles for the drum shall be limited to
and the drum shall be designed to store the entire length
4 deg.
of rope for the rated lift with the load block in its upper-
(h) Rope fleet angles for sheaves shall be limited to
most position.
4 deg 45 min.
(d) No less than two wraps of rope shall remain on
NUM-III-7942.1 Sheaves each anchorage of the hoist drum when the hook is in
(a) Sheave grooves shall be smooth and free from its lowest position unless a lower limit device is pro-
surface irregularities that could cause rope damage. The
vided, in which case no less than one wrap shall remain
cross-sectional radius at the bottom of the groove should
on each anchorage of the hoist drum.
be such as to form a close-fitting saddle for the size of
the rope used, and the sides of the groove should be (e) Minimum drum groove depth shall be 0.5 times
tapered outwardly to facilitate entrance of the rope into the rope diameter.
the groove. Flanges shall be rounded, and the rims shall (f) The minimum drum groove pitch is either 1.14
run true about the axis of rotation. times the rope diameter or the rope diameter plus 1⁄8 in.,
(b) Sheaves shall be mounted and guarded to protect whichever is smaller.
against the entrance of foreign objects, wire-rope jam- (g) The rope drum pitch diameter shall not be less
ming, and wire-rope displacement during normal than that indicated in Table NUM-III-7942.2-1.
operation.
(c) All running sheaves shall use anti-friction bear-
NUM-III-7942.3 Reeving. Hoist reeving may be
ings. All running sheave bearings, except permanently
lubricated bearings shall be equipped with means for either single or double and may be one part or multi-
lubrication. ple parts.
(d) Equalizer sheaves shall be provided with bronze (a) On single-reeved hoists, one end of the rope is
bushings, oil-impregnated bearings, anti-friction bear- attached to the drum. Continuous drum grooving runs
ings with grease fittings, or other means to ensure that in one direction. The load block moves laterally in the
the sheave bearing remains lubricated, ensuring its capa- direction of the axis of the drum as the rope winds onto
bility to provide the rotation required to equalize the or off of the drum. Refer to Fig. NUM-III-7942.3-1.
reeving. (b) On double-reeved hoists, both ends of the rope
(e) The pitch diameter of running sheaves shall not are attached to the drum. The drum is grooved with
be less than that indicated in Table NUM-III-7942.1-1. left-hand and right-hand grooves beginning at both ends
(f) The pitch diameter of nonrunning sheaves (equal- of the drum, then grooving toward the center of the
izers) shall not be less than 12 times the rope diameter. drum. The load block will follow a true vertical path
NUM-III-7942.2 Drums (true vertical lift) as the ropes wind toward or away
(a) Rope drums shall be grooved and the grooves shall from each other onto or off the drum. Refer to
be smooth and free from surface irregularities that could Fig. NUM-III-7942.3-1.
ASME NUM-1–2009
H1 and H2 16 ⴛ d 20 ⴛ d
H3 18 ⴛ d 24 ⴛ d
H4 20 ⴛ d 24 ⴛ d
H5 24 ⴛ d 30 ⴛ d
NUM-III-7943 Chains (d) Load chains shall be proof tested by the chain
manufacturer or hoist manufacturer with a load at least
NUM-III-7943.1 Load Chains
equivalent to 11⁄2 times the hoist’s rated load divided by
(a) Load chain shall be alloy steel and of the link-
the number of chain parts supporting the load.
chain type suitable for hoisting applications. The chain
(e) If a load is supported by more than one part of
links shall be electric or forge welded. Each link shall
load chain, the tension on the parts shall be equalized.
be of uniform size and shape, and free from scale and
(f) Load chain should be lubricated.
laminations at the welds.
(b) Chains shall pass over and around the load sprock- NUM-III-7943.2 Load Sprockets
ets without binding or other malfunctions. (a) Load sprockets shall have pockets formed to allow
(c) The ends of the load chain shall be securely proper and reliable engagement of the load chain.
attached to the hoist or provided with a means to prevent (b) Load sprockets shall be guarded to minimize the
the end of the chain from passing through the hoist. The entrance of foreign objects.
chain must also be designed to allow easy removal and (c) Provision shall be made to guard against load
replacement. chain jamming.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Table NUM-III-7944.1-1 Bearing Life Expectancy Table NUM-III-7945-1 Hoist Service Factor, Cd
Minimum Life Class of Service Cd
Class Expectancy, hr
H1 0.64
H1 1,250
H2 0.72
H2 2,500
H3 0.80
H3 5,000
H4 0.90
H4 10,000
H5 1.00
H5 20,000
冢 冣
2
(2) All bearings and bushings shall be provided N p F I Cv Sac d Ch
Pac p ⴛ (4)
with means of lubrication. 126,000 Cm Cd Kw Cp
(b) Power-Operated Hoists
(1) Bearings shall be selected to give a minimum where
B-10 life expectancy based on full rated speed from Cd p hoist service factor (durability); see
Table NUM-III-7944.1-1. Table NUM-III-7945-1
(2) Bearing loads, for life computation purposes, Ch p hardness factor (durability)
will be determined using a mean effective load factor Cm p load distribution factor (durability)
of 0.65. Cp p elastic coefficient
Cv p dynamic factor (durability)
NUM-III-7944.2 Rotating Shafts. Rotating shafts d p pitch diameter of pinion, in.
shall be supported by anti-friction, lubricated or self- F p net face width of the narrowest of the mat-
lubricated bearings or bushings. All sliding surfaces ing gears
shall be lubricated. I p geometry factor (durability)
J p geometry factor (strength)
NUM-III-7945 Gearing
Km p load distribution factor (strength)
(a) All Hoists Kv p dynamic factor (strength)
(1) Gears shall be constructed of steel or other mate- Kw p mean effective load factor that equals 0.67
rial of adequate strength and durability to meet the
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Table NUM-III-7945-2 Hoist Service Factor, Sf additional requirement of retarding a descending load
Class of Service Sf
upon power removal.
(d) The braking system shall have thermal capacity
H1 0.75 for the frequency of operation required by the hoist duty
service classification.
H2 0.85
(e) The hoist holding brakes shall have provision for
H3 0.90
adjustment to compensate for lining wear.
NUM-III-7946.2 Manual-Operated Hoists
H4 0.95
(a) The hoist shall be equipped with a mechanical
H5 1.00 load brake that shall perform the following functions
under normal and rated test load.
(1) stop and hold the load when the hand chain(s)
is released
The values for I, J, Ch, Cm, Cp, Cv, Km, Kv, Sac, and Sat (2) permit smooth, controlled lowering of the load
can be determined from the tables and curves in the when manual power is applied to the hand chains
appropriate AGMA Specification, S f is in
(b) The mechanical load brake shall have provision
Table NUM-III-7945-2, and the remaining values will be
for adjustment to compensate for wear.
physical characteristics pertaining to the gears for their
(c) The mechanical load brake shall have heat
operational characteristics.
dissipation capability for the specified frequency of
(3) When worm gearing is called for, it shall be
operation.
rated with appropriate service factors.
NUM-III-7947 Over-Travel and Overload-Limiting
NUM-III-7946 Hoist Brakes
Devices
NUM-III-7946.1 Power-Operated Hoists
NUM-III-7947.1 Over-Travel Protection
(a) The braking system shall consist of a brake and a
(a) Power-Operated Hoists
control braking means and shall perform the following
(1) A lift-limiting device shall be provided so that
functions under normal operating conditions with rated
the load hook, either loaded or empty, shall not exceed
load and under rated test conditions:
the upper limit of travel.
(1) stop all hook motion and hold the load when
(2) A lower-limiting device of the geared type
the controls are released
should be provided to prevent the wire rope or chain
(2) limit the speed of the load during lowering to
from completely unwinding from the drum.
a maximum speed of 120% of rated lowering speed for
(b) Manual-Operated Hoists. The load chain shall be
the rated load
restrained to prevent it from being completely run out
(3) stop and hold the load hook in the event of a
of the hoist. The restraint, with no load on the hook,
complete power failure
shall be designed to withstand the chain load developed
(b) Hoist holding brakes shall have minimum torque
by applying a hand-chain force in the downward direc-
ratings, stated as a percentage of the rated load hoisting
tion equal to two times the force required to lift the
torque, at the point where the holding brake is applied
rated load. With rated load on the hoist, the restraint
as follows:
shall withstand a hand-chain force in the downward
(1) 125% when used with a control braking means direction equal to the force required to lift the load.
other than mechanical
(2) 100% when used with mechanical control brak- NUM-III-7947.2 Overload-Limiting Devices
ing means (a) An overload-limiting device, when furnished,
(3) 100% for each holding brake if two holding shall be designed to permit operation of the hoist within
brakes are provided its rated load and to limit the amount of overload that
(c) Each independent hoisting unit, except worm- can be lifted by a properly maintained hoist, under nor-
geared hoists, the angle of whose worm is such as to mal operating conditions.
prevent the load from accelerating in the lowering direc- (b) The overload-limiting device may allow the lifting
tion, shall be equipped with control braking means to of an overload, but shall be designed to prevent the
control lowering speeds. Control braking means shall lifting of an overload that could cause damage to the
be mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, or electric power hoist. This does not imply that any overload is to be
(such as eddy current, dynamic, regenerative, or counter intentionally applied to the hoist.
torque). All methods must be capable of maintaining (c) The overload-limiting device is an emergency
controlled lowering speeds. The inherent regenerative device and shall not be used to measure the maximum
controlled braking means of a squirrel cage motor may load to be lifted and shall not be used to sense the
be used if the holding brake is designed to meet the overload imposed by a constrained load.
ASME NUM-1–2009
(d) The overload device is actuated only by loads motor-rated full load, rpm
Kc p
incurred when lifting a freely suspended load on the motor-operating rpm, at rated torque
hook. Therefore, an overload device cannot be relied with permanent slip resistors, when hoisting
upon to render the hoisting mechanism inoperative if Kc values for power supplies rectified on the hoist
other sources, such as but not limited to, snagging of shall be determined by consulting with the motor and
the load, two blocking of the load block, or snatching control manufacturers.
a load, induce loads into the hoisting system.
(e) The overload-limiting device is connected into the
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
hoisting control circuit and, therefore, will not prevent NUM-III-7950 Electrical
damage to the hoist, trolley, or crane, if excessive over- NUM-III-7951 General. All electrical equipment fur-
loads are induced into the hoisting system when the nished shall conform to the applicable sections of the
hoisting mechanism is in a nonoperating or static mode. latest issue of ANSI/NFPA 70. The owner shall specify
NUM-III-7948 Motor Size Selection. Electric and air the voltage, frequency, and phase of the power supply.
motors shall have a required rated motor horsepower The supply voltage shall be maintained within ±10% of
not less than that given by the following formula: the rated motor voltage at the hoist with motor operating
at rated load.
HPrequired p HPmechanical ⴛ Kc (5)
NUM-III-7951.1 Hazardous Location. When hoists
are used in hazardous locations as defined by ANSI/
where
NFPA 70 (latest issue) or other special codes, modifica-
WⴛV tions or additional safety precautions not covered by
HPmechanical p (6) this Standard may be required. Only hoists designed
33,000 ⴛ E
for the conditions encountered shall be used in these
and locations.
E p mechanical efficiency between the load and the NUM-III-7951.2 Fungus Protection. In tropical
motor, expressed in decimal form, where areas or other warm and humid atmospheres, fungus
growth may occur on unprotected organic materials or
E p Egn ⴛ Esm
on accumulations of dust. There are materials and proce-
Eg p efficiency per gear reduction, 0.97 for spur, her-
dures that will minimize these effects.
ringbone, and helical gearing supported on
anti-friction bearings, and 0.93 for spur, her- NUM-III-7952 Motors
ringbone, and helical gearing supported on (a) Motors shall be reversible, with torque characteris-
sleeve bearings (for worm gearing, consult the tics suitable for hoist or trolley service, and capable of
gear and hoist manufacturer) operation at rated loads and speeds in accordance with
Es p rope system efficiency per rotating sheave, 0.99 the class of service specified.
for rotating sheaves supported on anti-friction (b) Temperature rise of motors shall be in accordance
bearings, 0.98 for rotating sheaves supported with the latest NEMA Standards for the class of insula-
on sleeve bearings tion and enclosure used. The hoist manufacturer will
Kc p control factor, which is a correction value that assume 104°F (40°C) ambient temperature unless other-
accounts for the effects the control has on motor wise specified by the owner.
torque and speed; 1 for the majority of controls, (c) All AC motors at rated frequency and all DC
such as AC wound rotor magnetic or static motors shall be capable of operation within ±10% of
systems where there are no secondary perma- rated motor voltage, but not necessarily at rated voltage
nent slip resistors, systems for squirrel cage performance.
motors, and constant potential magnetic sys- (d) Standard rated motor voltage shall be in accor-
tems with DC power shop supplies dance with Table NUM-III-7952-1.
m p the number of rotating sheaves between the (e) For nominal system voltage other than shown in
drum and equalizer passed over by each part Table NUM-III-7952-1, the rated motor voltage should
of moving rope attached to the drum not be less than 95% nor more than 100% of the nominal
n p the number of gear reductions system voltage.
V p specified speed, ft/min, when lifting weight W (f) For additional general motor requirements, see
W p total weight to be lifted, lb (rated load plus the NUM-III-8422.
weight of the load block)
NUM-III-7953 Controllers
Kc values for AC wound rotor systems, magnetic or NUM-III-7953.1 Types of Control. The type of con-
static control, with secondary permanent slip resistors, trol supplied for a hoist and trolley shall result in opera-
are to be as follows: tion complying with the performance as defined in
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-G-3000. See NUM-III-8421 for control NUM-III-7953.3 Contactors. Each magnetic control
selection and requirements. shall have contactors sized for the specified service.
Reversing contactors shall be interlocked to guard
NUM-III-7953.2 VFD Hoist Controls against line-to-line faults.
(a) The VFD control shall incorporate a speed feed-
back device to detect loss of speed control during any NUM-III-7953.4 Pendant Control
motor operating condition, unless the hoist has a (a) Motion control actuators shall automatically
mechanical control braking means. When speed feed- return to the OFF position.
back is provided, upon detection of unacceptable speed (b) The pendant control station shall be mechanically
deviation or complete loss of speed feedback, the VFD supported to protect the electrical conductors against
shall post a fault, discontinue outputting voltage to the strain.
motor(s), and set the brake(s). Hoists with mechanical (c) The pendant control station shall be clearly
load brakes are exempt from this requirement. marked to indicate the function of each actuator.
(b) Control dynamic braking shall be sized for a mini- (d) The order of control functions, unless otherwise
mum of 150% of motor full load torque, but shall not, specified and as applicable, from top to bottom,
under any circumstances, be less than the torque (or should be
corresponding current) limit setting of the VFD in the
(1) stop–start (off–on, power off–power on) (the
hoisting direction.
stop/off/power off control actuator shall be red)
NOTE: Control dynamic braking on hoists with mechanical load (2) hoist
brakes shall be sized such that the combined retarding torque in (3) trolley
the lower direction of the dynamic braking and the mechanical
(4) other functions
load brake are equal to or greater than the torque (or corresponding
current) limit setting of the VFD in the hoisting direction. (e) Any pendant station that might present a hazard to
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
for direction, shall be provided for operation of each (c) festooned cable arrangement
controller or master switch. (d) cable reel
(b) Unless otherwise specified by the owner, the pull- (e) rigid conductor
cord control station shall be 3 ft to 5 ft above the specified
operating level. NUM-III-7960 Pneumatic
NUM-III-7954 Control Enclosures. Control enclo- NUM-III-7961 Air Motors. The air motor shall be
sures, unless otherwise specified by the owner, shall be an air-driven piston or rotary vane type and shall be
NEMA Type 1, general purpose for indoor applications, provided with an air inlet connection fitted for the use of
in accordance with NEMA ICS 6. Other types, as defined air hose assemblies. Also, the air motor shall be provided
by NEMA, include but are not limited to: with an oiler and air filter between the motor and the
(a) NEMA Type 3: watertight, dust tight, and sleet air inlet connection. The motor shall have adequate
(ice) resistant; outdoor capacity to lift 125% of the rated load.
(b) NEMA Type 3R: rainproof and sleet resistant; NUM-III-7962 Air Motor Controls. Hoists and air-
outdoor operated trolleys shall have pendant, pull, or rod control.
(c) NEMA Type 4: watertight and dust tight; indoor Control actuators shall automatically return to the off
and outdoor position when released. Unless otherwise specified by
(d) NEMA Type 4X: watertight, dust tight, and corro- the owner, the control station shall be 3 ft to 5 ft above
sion resistant; indoor and outdoor the specified operating level.
(e) NEMA Type 7: Class I, Groups A, B, C, and D;
indoor hazardous locations (explosive atmosphere) NUM-III-7962.1 Pendant Control. The pendant
(f) NEMA Type 9: Class II, Groups E, F, and G; indoor control station shall be supported to protect the pneu-
hazardous locations (explosive atmosphere) matic hoses and connections against strain. The pendant
(g) NEMA Type 12: industrial use; dust tight and drip control station shall be clearly marked to indicate the
tight; indoor function of each actuator.
NUM-III-7955 Resistors. Resistors, when furnished, NUM-III-7962.2 Pull Control. Pull control shall
shall have sufficient thermal capacity for the class of consist of two pull chains or cords with suitable han-
service specified. Enclosures for resistors shall provide dle(s) clearly marked for direction.
means for heat dissipation and shall be installed to mini- NUM-III-7962.3 Rod Control. Rod control shall per-
mize the accumulation of combustible matter. Provision mit control of hoist or trolley (air operated) motion by
shall be made to contain broken resistor parts or molten linear or rotary movement of the rod handle, or a combi-
metal. nation of both. Rod handle shall be clearly marked for
NUM-III-7956 Current Conductor System. Current direction of motion.
conductor systems are not normally supplied with elec-
tric wire rope hoists. When required, they must be speci- NUM-III-7970 Hoist Marking (09)
fied by the owner. Standard systems include the (a) The rated load of the hoist shall be marked on the
following: hoist or load block.
(a) flexible cable (b) Hoists shall have additional markings in accor-
(b) coiled cord dance with ASME B30.16.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Section NUM-III-8000
Common Requirements and Criteria
NUM-III-8100 DESCRIPTION
TABLE NUM-III-8212.1-1 DELETED (09)
The common equipment requirements included under
this Section are divided into four categories: structural,
mechanical, electrical, and inspection and testing.
The requirements of Section NUM-III-8000 apply to
all cranes and monorails as described in the specific
equipment Sections, NUM-III-2000 through (d) Vertical Inertia Forces for Motorized Cranes and
NUM-III-6000. (Requirements for hoists and underhung Hoists. The vertical inertia forces include those due to
trolleys are given in Section NUM-III-7000.) the motion of the cranes or crane components and those
due to lifting or lowering of the hoist load. These addi-
tional loadings may be included in a simplified manner
NUM-III-8200 STRUCTURAL by the application of a separate factor for the dead load
(DLF) and for the hoist load (HLF) by which the vertical
NUM-III-8210 General acting loads, the member forces, or the stresses due to
This section covers the design, design criteria, materi- them must be multiplied.
als, and fabrication procedures for the structural compo- (1) Dead Load Factor (DLF). This factor covers only
nents that apply for all Type III equipment. the dead loads of the crane, trolley, and its associated
equipment and shall be taken according to the following:
NUM-III-8211 Nomenclature. All terms and defini-
tions used in equations are defined in their respective travel speed (fpm)
sections. (DLF) p 1.1 ≤ 1.05 + ≤ 1.2
2,000
NUM-III-8212 Descriptions of Loads
(2) Hoist Load Factor (HLF). This factor applies to
(a) Load Categories. Loads acting on the structure are
the motion of the rated load in the vertical direction,
divided into the following four categories:
and covers inertia forces, the mass forces due to the
(1) principal loads, such as dead loads, lifted loads, sudden lifting of the hoist load, and the uncertainties
and inertia in allowing for other influences. The hoist load factor
(2) additional loads, such as dead loads, lifted is 0.5% of the hoisting speed in feet per minute, but not
loads, and inertia forces less than 15% or more than 50%, except for bucket and
(3) extraordinary loads, such as stored wind loads
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
magnet cranes for which the impact value shall be taken
and collision forces as 50% of the rated capacity of the bucket or magnet
(4) extreme environmental loads, such as tornado hoist.
wind loads
(b) Other Loads. In addition to the load categories HLF p 0.15 ≤ 0.005 (hoist speed) ≤ 0.5
above, torsional forces and moments, bridge end truck
loads, and abnormal event loads shall be considered (e) Inertia Forces From Motorized Drives (IFD). The
during design. Test loads are specified in NUM-III-8583. inertia forces occur during acceleration or deceleration
of horizontal drive motions and depend on the driving
(09) NUM-III-8212.1 Principal Loads and braking torques applied by the drive units and
(a) Dead Load (DL). The weight of all effective parts brakes during each cycle.
of the bridge structure, the machinery parts, and the The lateral load due to acceleration or deceleration
fixed equipment supported by the structure. shall be a percentage of the vertical load and shall be
(b) Trolley Load (TL). The weight of the trolley and the considered as 7.8 times the lateral acceleration or decel-
equipment attached to the trolley. eration rate (ft/sec2) but not less than 2.5% of the vertical
(c) Lifted Load (LL). The lifted load consists of the load. This percentage is to be applied to both the live
working load and the weight of the lifting devices used and dead loads, exclusive of the end trucks. The live
for handling and holding the working load, such as the load shall be located in the same position as when calcu-
load block, lifting beam, bucket, magnet, grab, and the lating the vertical moment. The moment of inertia of
other supplemental devices. the entire girder section about its vertical axis shall be
ASME NUM-1–2009
Fig. NUM-III-8212.2-1 Wheel-Skewing Forces (From the moving masses of M1, M2, and a 40% maximum
CMAA 74) traveling speed of VT1 and VT2 shall be determined from
the following equation:
0.15
M1 M2 (0.4VT1 + 0.4VT2)2
KE p (7)
2 (M1 + M2)
Ssk 0.10
The bumper forces shall be distributed in accordance
0.05
with the bumper characteristics and the freedom of the
3 4 5 6 7 8 motion of the structure with the trolley in its worst
position. Should the crane application require that maxi-
Span
Ratio = mum deceleration rates and/or stopping forces be lim-
Wheelbase
ited due to suspended load or building structure
considerations, or if bumper impact velocities greater
than 40% of maximum crane velocity are to be provided
used to determine the stresses due to lateral forces. The for, such conditions shall be defined at the time of the
inertia forces during acceleration and deceleration shall crane purchase.
be calculated in each case with the trolley in the worst
position for the component being analyzed. NUM-III-8212.4 Extreme Environmental Loads.
Tornado wind loads (WLT) are not applicable to Type III
NUM-III-8212.2 Additional Loads cranes unless specifically required by the owner. The
(a) Operating Wind Load (WLO). Lateral load due to wind speed varies with the height of the crane above
wind shall be considered as an operating load of 5 lb/ft2 the surrounding ground level, geographical location,
of projected area. Where multiple surfaces are exposed to and degree of exposure. Additional tornado-generated
the wind, such as crane girder and auxiliary girder, and loads that should be considered are pressure-drop and
the horizontal distance between surfaces is greater than tornado missiles.
the depth of the member on the windward side, consid-
eration shall be given to increasing the effective area NUM-III-8212.5 Torsional Forces and Moments
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
exposed to the wind. For single surfaces, such as cabs, (a) Due to the Starting and Stopping of the Bridge Motors.
a projected area shall be considered to be 1.2 times the The twisting moment due to the starting and stopping
projected area to account for negative pressure on the of bridge motors shall be considered as the starting
far side of the enclosure. torque of the bridge motor at 200% of full load torque
(b) Forces Due to Skewing (SK). When wheels roll multiplied by the gear ratio between the motor and
along a rail, the horizontal forces normal to the rail and cross shaft.
those tending to skew the structure shall be taken into (b) Due to Vertical Loads. Torsional moment due to
consideration. The horizontal forces shall be obtained vertical forces acting eccentric to the vertical neutral axis
by multiplying the vertical load exerted on each wheel of the girder shall be considered as those vertical forces
by coefficient Ssk, which depends on the ratio of the span multiplied by the horizontal distance between the cen-
to the wheel base (see Fig. NUM-III-8212.2-1). The wheel terline of the forces and the shear center of the girder.
base is the distance between the outermost wheels. (c) Due to Lateral Loads. The torsional moment due to
NUM-III-8212.3 Extraordinary Loads the lateral forces acting eccentric to the horizontal neu-
(a) Stored Wind Load (WLS). This is the maximum tral axis of the girder shall be considered as those hori-
wind that a crane is designed to withstand during out- zontal forces multiplied by the vertical distance between
of-service condition. The speed and test pressure varies the centerline of the forces and the shear center of the
with the height of the crane above the surrounding girder.
ground level, geographical location, and degree of expo- NUM-III-8212.6 Abnormal Event Load, Ae. Abnor-
sure to prevailing winds (see SEI/ASCE 7). mal event loads are loads caused by failure of plant
(b) Collision Forces (CF). Special loading of the crane equipment that impose jet or missile loads on the crane.
structure resulting from the bumper stops shall be calcu- The owner shall be responsible for the effects of, and
lated with crane at 0.4 times the rated speed, assuming shall establish the criteria for, these loads.
the bumper system is capable of absorbing the energy
within its design scope. Load suspended from lifting NUM-III-8213 Load Combinations. The following
equipment and free oscillating load need not be taken tabulated load designations are described in
into consideration. Where the load cannot swing, the NUM-III-8212 and are listed in Table NUM-III-8213-1.
bumper effect shall be calculated in the same manner, The various load combinations, utilizing the load desig-
taking into account the value of the load. The kinetic nations, are listed herein. The crane operational loads
energy (KE) released on the collision of two cranes with and the construction load combinations are applicable
ASME NUM-1–2009
Table NUM-III-8213-1 Load Designations The runway shall be straight, parallel, level, and at
Load Load Designation
the same elevation within the tolerances given in
Figs. NUM-III-8214-1 or NUM-III-8214-2. The crane
Trolley dead load TL manufacturer shall design the crane to operate properly
within the runway tolerances given in
Bridge dead load DL Figs. NUM-III-8214-1 or NUM-III-8214-2.
Rated load LL
NUM-III-8220 Materials and Connections
Inertia forces from drives IFD All materials of the structural components of the crane
shall be an accepted type, suitable for the purpose for
Forces due to skewing SK which the materials are to be used, and shall be in com-
pliance with any additional requirements specified
Operating wind load WLO
herein for the materials.
Stored wind load WLS
NUM-III-8221 Base Materials. The base materials
Tornado wind load WLT
for the components of Type III cranes shall be structural
steel and shall conform to ASTM A 36 specifications or
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
materials. Standard holes shall have a maximum diame- NUM-III-8224.3 Field Connections. All field con-
ter 1⁄16 in. in excess of the nominal bolt diameter. Holes nections of structural components shall be bolted unless
for alignment (bound) bolts shall be reamed to close otherwise approved by the owner. The manufacturer
tolerances as required. shall provide sufficient information on drawings or in
installation manuals on the requirements for all field
NUM-III-8224.2.3 Gauge and Edge Distances.
connections.
The minimum gauge between centers of bolt holes and
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
minimum and maximum edge distances from the center NUM-III-8230 Design Criteria
of a bolt hole to any edge shall be as stipulated in
NUM-III-8231 Basic Allowable Stresses for Structural
Specification for Structural Steel for Buildings —
Steel Members
Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, as included
in the AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Allowable NUM-III-8231.1 Members Not Controlled by
Stress Design. Buckling. For members not controlled by buckling, the
ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
basic allowable stresses in structural steel members of r p radius of gyration of member
the crane shall not exceed the values in y p yield point
Table NUM-III-8231.1-1.
The allowable axial compression stress, a, is
NUM-III-8231.2 Compression Members Controlled
冦 冧
2
by Buckling. For compression members with an equiva-
冤 冢 冣冥
1-
kl
y
冢DF冣
lent slenderness ratio r
a p 2
(14)
2 Cc
kl
< Cc (13)
r
where
where DF p design factor
冪
22 E The required design factor shall be equal to
Cc p
y 3
冤 冢 冣 冢 冣冥
kl kl
and 5 3 r 1 r
Cc p column slenderness ratio separating elastic and FS p N + − (15)
3 8 Cc 8 Cc
inelastic buckling
E p modulus of elasticity
k p effective length factor Values of N, the modifying coefficient for each loading
l p unbraced length of compression member condition, can be found in Table NUM-III-8231.2-1.
ASME NUM-1–2009
NOTE:
(1) For gross section.
the allowable axial compression stress shall not exceed 1.33 for extraordinary loadings and by a factor of 1.50
the value for extreme environmental loadings.
(2) Friction-Type Joints. Allowable working stresses
122 E for friction-type joints shall not be increased for extraor-
a p (17)
2 dinary loadings or extreme environmental loadings.
23N 冢冣
kl
(b) Bolts Other Than ASTM A 325 or A 490. Allowable
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
r
stresses shall be in accordance with
NUM-III-8231.3 Bending Stress. The allowable Table NUM-III-8231.5-1.
bending stress shall conform to AISC Part 5, Chapter F,
Beams and Other Flexural Members, divided by 1.12N NUM-III-8232 Combined Stresses
for the different loading conditions. NUM-III-8232.1 Axial Compression and Bending.
NUM-III-8231.4 Welds. Basic allowable stresses in Members subjected to both axial compression and bend-
welds shall be as specified in AWS D1.1 or D14.1. Allow- ing stresses shall satisfy the following requirements:
able stresses for all types of welds may be increased for Cmx bx Cmy by
extraordinary load combinations by a factor of 1.33 and + + ≤ 1.0 (18)
increased for extreme environmental load combinations
by a factor of 1.50.
a
冢 1−
ex冣abx 冢
1−
ey 冣
aby
NUM-III-8232.2 Axial Tension and Bending. Mem- Cx0 p −1.096 + 1.095 + 0.192e-6.0 (30)
bers subject to both axial tension and bending stresses Cx1 p 3.965 − 4.835 − 3.965e-2.675 (31)
shall be proportioned at all points along their length to Cy0 p −0.981 − 1.479 + 1.120e1.322 (32)
satisfy the following equation: Cy1 p 1.810 − 1.150 + 1.060e-7.70 (33)
t bx by
+ +
at abx aby
≤ 1.0 (23) ta p tf − 冢24b 冣 + 冢6a冣 (34)
ASME NUM-1–2009
Fig. NUM-III-8232.3-1 Local Bending of Flanges Due to Wheel Loads (From CMAA 74)
tw
x
y P
P
Point 2 a Point 1 ta
b/4 a
Point 0 tw/2
b
(a) (b)
tw tw
P P P
ta
ta
Pt. 0 a Point 0 a
Pt. 1 tw/2 b′ − tw/2
b b′
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME NUM-1–2009
for standard “S” section, where The combined stress value (v) in the weld at Point 2
tf p published flange thickness for standard “S” sec- obtained by the method prescribed in NUM-III-8232.3(f)
tion, in. shall not exceed the allowable weld stress specified in
NUM-III-8224.1, nor shall the stress range in the weld
(5) For parallel flange section exceed the value specified in Table NUM-III-8234.1-1 for
[Fig. NUM-III-8232.3-1, illustrations (c) and (d)] joint category E.
(d) The local flange bending criteria per
Cx0 p −2.110 + 1.977 + 0.0076e6.53 (35)
NUM-III-8232.3 is to be met in addition to the general
Cx1 p 10.108 − 7.408 − 10.108e-1.364 (36)
criteria of NUM-III-8213 and NUM-III-8231.
Cy0 p 0.050 − 0.580 + 0.148e3.015 (37)
(e) At load transfer points, consideration should be
Cy1 p 2.230 − 1.490 + 1.390e-18.33 (38)
given to lower flange stresses that are not calculable by
(6) For single-web symmetrical sections the formulae presented in NUM-III-8232.3.
[Fig. NUM-III-8232.3-1, illustrations (b) and (c)] (f) Combined Stresses. Where state of combined plane
stresses exists, the reference stress, t, can be calculated
2a from the following formula:
p (39)
b − tw
t p 冪x2 + y2 − xy + 3xy2 ≤ all (41)
where
b p section width across flanges, in. where
Txy p shear stress in plane
(7) For other cases [Fig. NUM-III-8232.3-1, illustra- all p allowable stress
tion (d)] x, y p normal stress in respective x and y
directions
a
p (40)
For welds, the maximum combined stress, v, shall be
冢冣
tw
b′ −
2 calculated as follows:
where
a p distance from edge of flange to point of wheel
冢 冣
v p 1⁄2 x + y ± 1⁄2 冪(x − y)2 + 42 ≤ all (42)
load application, in. (center of wheel contact) See NUM-B-4000 for lower flange bending calculation
b′ p distance from centerline of web to edge of example.
flange, in.
e p Napierian base p 2.71828 NUM-III-8232.4 Shear and Tension of Bolts
P p load per wheel including HLF, lb (a) Bolts subject to combined shear and tension shall
ta p flange thickness at point of load application, in. be so proportioned that the tension stress, in pounds per
tw p web thickness square inch, produced by forces applied to the connected
parts, shall not exceed the allowable tension value, at.
NOTE: If 1⁄2 b − a < centerline distance between adjacent wheels, For A 325 bolts in bearing-type joints
then the load P is equal to the maximum single wheel load without
considering the effect of the adjacent wheel. Conversely, if 1⁄2 b − a at p 55,000R − 1.8 ≤ 44,000R (43)
≥ centerline distance between adjacent wheels, then the loading
of the two adjacent wheels must be combined into a single load. For A 490 bolts in bearing-type joints
(b) The localized stresses due to local bending effects at p 68,000R − 1.8 ≤ 54,000R (44)
imposed by wheel loads calculated at points 0 and 1 are
to be combined with the stresses due to Case 2 loading For other bolting materials in bearing-type joints
specified in NUM-III-8213 of this specification.
When calculating the combined stress, the flange at p 0.6yR − 1.6 (45)
bending stresses are to be diminished to 75% of the value where (the shear stress produced by the same forces)
calculated per NUM-III-8232.3(a). shall not exceed the value for the shear given in
The combined stress value (t) obtained by the method NUM-III-8231.5. The variable y is the yield stress
prescribed in NUM-III-8232.3(f) shall not exceed the (the proof stress may be used). R is given in
allowable Case 2 stress level of 0.66y, where y p yield Table NUM-III-8232.4-1.
strength of the material. (b) For bolts used in friction-type joints, the shear
(c) Additionally, in the case of welded plate girders stress (a) allowed in NUM-III-8231.5 shall be reduced
only, the localized stresses on the top side of the flange at so that
the flange-to-web transition (Point 2) are to be combined for A 325 bolts
with the stresses due to the Case 2 loading specified in
NUM-III-8213 of this specification. a ≤ 15,000 (1 − Ab ⁄ Tb) (46)
ASME NUM-1–2009
冪
(2.62 ⴛ 107) K 2
ⴛ (operating condition) (48) class per NUM-III-8234.1 and NUM-III-8235.2. The
P DFB allowable stresses for the appropriate service level shall
be used, but shall not exceed the basic operating stress
(where b is the unsupported plate width between longi- allowables specified in NUM-III-8231.
tudinal stiffeners, webs, or coverplate) or
NUM-III-8234.1 Allowable Stress Range, Repeated
30.99 冪K(2/DFB) operating condition for A 36 steel.
Loads. Members and fasteners subject to repeated load
where shall be designed so that the stress range (maximum
b p distance between web plates, in. stress minus minimum stress) does not exceed allowable
h p depth of web, in. values for various categories as listed in
l p span, in. Table NUM-III-8234.1-1. The minimum stress is consid-
t p thickness of web plate ered as negative if it is opposite in sign to the maximum
stress. The categories are described in
NUM-III-8233.3 Spacing of Transverse Stiffeners. Table NUM-III-8234.1-2 with joint configuration illustra-
The spacing of the transverse stiffeners a, in., shall not tions shown in Fig. NUM-III-8234.1-1. The allowable
exceed the amount given by the formula stress range is to be based on the condition most nearly
11,068t approximated by the description and illustration.
ap (49)
冪c NUM-III-8235 Hardness. The minimum hardness of
the lower load carrying (tension) flange shall be 195
where Brinell for patented track systems. For A 36 material,
c p spacing coefficient (see textabular below) the normal hardness produced by normal mill pro-
t p thickness of the web plate, in. cessing shall be sufficient.
ASME NUM-1–2009
A 43 43 43 43 40 43
B 43 43 43 40 28 43
C 43 43 40 28 20 31
D 43 34 28 20 14 22
NUM-III-8236 Stability. The crane shall be stable (d) Cabs shall be designed for maximum operator
under all loading conditions. A factor of safety of 1.5 visibility. The arrangement of the cab should allow the
shall be provided against the combination of loads pro- operator a full view of the load block in all positions.
ducing maximum overturning forces. A visibility diagram shall be furnished to the owner for
approval when requested.
NUM-III-8240 Components Design (e) The operator’s cab shall have a clear height, with
NUM-III-8241 Footwalks, Handrails, Platforms, equipment installed of not less than 7 ft, except where
Stairs, and Ladders dimensional interferences or other design considera-
tions require the use of a smaller cab. Cab heights of
NUM-III-8241.1 General. Platforms and footwalks less than 7 ft must be approved by the owner, and in
shall be provided as required for access and mainte- no case shall be less than 5 ft.
nance. Dimensions and clearances for footwalks, hand- Provision shall be made in the operator’s cab for place-
rails, platforms, stairs, and ladders shall be in accordance ment of the necessary equipment, wiring, and fittings.
with the latest edition of ASME B30.17. All cabs should be provided with a swiveled seat unless
NUM-III-8241.2 Materials. Materials for construc- otherwise specified.
tion of footwalks, handrails, platforms, stairs, and lad- (f) There shall be means of egress from cab-operated
ders shall meet the requirements of NUM-III-8220. cranes to permit departure under emergency conditions,
at any cab location.
NUM-III-8241.3 Design. Footwalks, handrails,
platforms, stairs, and ladders shall be designed for the NUM-III-8242.2 Materials. Materials for construc-
appropriate dead load and the live loads as specified in tion of the operator’s cab shall meet the requirements
ASME B30.17. Structural design shall be in accordance of NUM-III-8220.
with NUM-III-8230. NUM-III-8242.3 Design. Operator’s cab shall be
NUM-III-8242 Operator’s Cab (When Specified) designed for dead and live loads as specified by the
owner. Structural design shall be in accordance with
NUM-III-8242.1 General NUM-III-8230.
(a) The general arrangement of the cab and the loca-
tion of the control and protective equipment shall be NUM-III-8242.4 Construction
such that all operating control devices are within conve-
NUM-III-8242.4.1 General. Cabs shall be con-
nient reach of the operator when facing the area to be
structed in accordance with ASME B30.11 or
served by the load block or when facing the direction
ASME B30.17.
of travel of the cab. The operator’s cab shall be open
type for indoor service unless otherwise specified. NUM-III-8242.4.2 Enclosed Cabs. Enclosed cabs
(b) The cab shall be clear of all fixed structures within shall have watertight plate roofs that slope to the rear,
its area of possible movement. Clearances shall be in and shall be provided with sliding, hinged, or drop
accordance with the latest edition of ASME B30.11 and windows on the three sides, and with sliding or hinged
ASME B30.17. The cab shall be so located as not to doors. Steel plates for enclosing sides, when used, shall
interfere with the hook approach. not be less than 1 ⁄ 8 -in. thick. Window sash shall be
(c) The arrangement of equipment in the cab should equipped with clear, shatterproof glass installed from
be approved by the owner. the inside so that if it is dislodged it will fall in the cab.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Table NUM-III-8234.1-2 Fatigue Stress Provisions — Tension (T) or Reversal (REV) Stresses
Example Kind
General Joint of a of
Condition Situation Category Situation Stress
Groove Base metal and weld metal at complete joint pen- B 8, 9 T or Rev
welds etration groove welded splices of rolled and
welded sections having similar profiles when
welds are ground and weld soundness estab-
lished by UT or RT examination.
Groove Base metal and weld metal in or adjacent to com- C 8, 9, 10, 11 T or Rev
welds plete joint penetration groove welded splices
either not requiring transition or when required
with transitions having slopes no greater than
1 to 21⁄2 and when in either case reinforce-
ment is not removed and weld soundness is
established by UT or RT examination.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Table NUM-III-8234.1-2 Fatigue Stress Provisions (T) or Reversal (REV) Stresses (Cont’d)
Example Kind
General Joint of a of
Condition Situation Category Situation Stress
Base metal and weld metal at complete joint pen- B 19, 20 ...
etration groove welded splices of sections hav-
ing similar profiles or at transitions in
thickness to provide slopes no steeper than 1
to 21⁄2 with permanent backing bar parallel to
the direction of stress when welds are ground
and weld soundness established by UT or RT
examination. Backing bar is to be continuous,
and, if spliced, is to be joined by a full-penetra-
tion butt weld. Backing bar is to be connected
to parent metal by continuous welds along
both edges, except intermittent welds may be
used in regions of compression stress.
R ≥ 24 in. B 13 ...
R ≥ 24 in. B 13 T or Rev
Table NUM-III-8234.1-2 Fatigue Stress Provisions — Tension (T) or Reversal (REV) Stresses (Cont’d)
Example Kind
General Joint of a of
Condition Situation Category Situation Stress
R ≥ 24 in. C 13 T or Rev
R ≥ 24 in. E 13 T or Rev
R ≥ 24 in. B 13 T or Rev
Table NUM-III-8234.1-2 Fatigue Stress Provisions — Tension (T) or Reversal (REV) Stresses (Cont’d)
Example Kind
General Joint of a of
Condition Situation Category Situation Stress
Drop windows shall be protected from breakage by resist the effects of gamma or neutron radiation or provi-
a 1⁄8-in. sheet steel guard, extending to within 2 in. of sions shall be made for changing the lubricants. If lubri-
the floor, and shall be provided with handles and stops, cants cannot be conveniently replaced, then lubricants
which will prevent catching the operator’s hands or toes shall be National Lubrication and Grease Institute
when operating the windows. Drop windows shall be (NLGI) Grade 0 oil containing molybdenum disulfate
counterweighted. or NLGI Grade 1.5 grease with sodium aluminate thick-
ener. Lubricants shall be oxidation and rust inhibited
NUM-III-8242.4.3 Open Cabs. Open cabs shall with the exception of wire rope lubricants.
be enclosed with panels not less than 1⁄8-in. thick or
standard railing 42 in. high. Railing enclosures shall be NUM-III-8320 Design and Performance Criteria
provided with midrail and steel toe plate. Where the top
rail, or top panel, interferes with the operator’s vision, it NUM-III-8321 Allowable Stresses. Load-carrying
may be lowered, with the owner’s approval. parts, except structural members and gears, shall be
designed such that the calculated static stress in the
material, based on rated load, shall not exceed 20% of
NUM-III-8300 MECHANICAL the published average ultimate strength of the material.
Castings, forgings, stampings, and fasteners shall be
NUM-III-8310 General designed with allowable stress not to exceed 20% of the
This section covers the mechanical requirements and minimum ultimate strength of the material.
criteria common to all cranes. Requirements for hoists
are covered under NUM-III-7000. NUM-III-8322 Service Factors. All load combina-
tions and factors including stress concentrations shall
NUM-III-8311 Lubrication Subject to Radiation. If have service factors as stated for the design of specific
the crane is subjected to radiation, the lubricants shall mechanical components, as indicated in NUM-III-8340.
ASME NUM-1–2009
1 9
17
10
18 26
2
19
11
3
27
Groove or
fillet weld
L
4 20
12 L 28
21
29
n
5 13 n
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
22
30
Diaphragm
gusset L
6 14 Plug weld
Squared, tapered, and
wider than flange 23 Stat weld
Category B 31
Category B
Category E L
at end
Category B 15
24 32
7 Category E at ends
25
8 16
33
ASME NUM-1–2009
冢 冣
(c) Runway stops engaging the tread of the wheel N p F I Cv Sac d Ch
Pac p ⴛ (51)
shall not be used for motorized cranes. 126,000 Cm Sfd Cp
ASME NUM-1–2009
Table NUM-III-8341.2-1 Crane Service Factor, Sf Table NUM-III-8342-1 AFBMA L-10 Bearing Life
Crane Class Sf Class Bearing Life, hr
A 0.75 A 1,250
B 0.85 B 2,500
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
C 0.90 C 5,000
D 0.95 D 10,000
GENERAL NOTE: Crane service factor, Sf, from CMAA 74. GENERAL NOTE: AFBMA L-10 bearing life from CMAA 74.
When the shaft speed exceeds 400 rpm, the bearing This bending stress shall not exceed
spacing shall not exceed that determined by the follow-
ing formula, or the preceding formula, whichever is less Su
(58)
in order to avoid objectionable vibration at critical shaft 5
speeds.
(3) For shafting loaded in torque, the shear stress
shall be calculated as follows:
冪
4,760,000 D
Lp (54)
1.2N
Tr
p (59)
where J
D p shaft diameter, in.
L p distance between bearing centers, in. where
N p maximum shaft speed, rpm J p polar moment of inertia of shaft at point of
examination
NUM-III-8343.4 Torsional Deflection of the Bridge. r p outside radius of shaft at point of examina-
The torsional deflection of the bridge cross shaft shall tion, in.
not exceed 0.10 deg/ft when 67% (A1 Drive), 50% T p torque at point of examination, in.-lb
(A2 Drive), 100% (A4 Drive) full load bridge drive rated
motor torque, increased by any gear reduction between This shear stress shall not exceed
the motor and the shaft, is applied. In addition, this
applied torque shall result in a bridge drive wheel move- Su
(60)
ment no greater than 1% of the wheel circumference or 5 冪3
1
⁄2 in., whichever is less.
(4) Transverse shear stress in shafting shall be cal-
NUM-III-8343.5 Stress Calculations. All shafting
culated as follows:
shall be designed to meet the stresses encountered in
For solid shaft
actual operation, including the effects of brake torque.
When significant stresses are produced by other forces, 1.33V
these forces shall be positioned to provide the maximum p (61)
A
stresses at the section under consideration. Impact shall
not be included. where
(a) Static Stress Check for Operating Conditions V p shear load at point of examination, lb
(1) For shafting subjected to axial loads, the stress
shall be calculated as follows (for shafting not limited For hollow shafts
by buckling):
2V
p (62)
P A
p (55)
A
where
where A p cross-sectional area at point of examination, in.2
A p cross-sectional area of shaft, in.2
P p total axial load, lb These shear stresses shall not exceed
Mr p 1 + 2 + 3 ... + n
p (57)
I
and shall not exceed
where
I p bending moment of inertia at point of Su
(64)
examination 5
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,
ASME NUM-1–2009
P
Kt Syp r Ks Syp r
冪冢 冣 冢 冣
2 2 Syp (72)
t p av + + 3 av + ≤ (71) dⴛL
Se Se Kc
where
where d p the shaft diameter
Kc p crane class factor (see Table NUM-III-8343.5-1) L p the length in bearing
Ks p stress amplification factor for shear
Ksc p surface condition factor (see This bearing stress must not exceed 50% of the mini-
Table NUM-III-8343.5-2) mum yield for nonrotating shafting.
ASME NUM-1–2009
冢 冣
This bearing stress must not exceed 20% of the mini- rpm − 31.5
Cs p 1 + (74)
mum yield for oscillating shafting when not limited by 328.5
the bushing material.
(f) The wheel service factor, Sm, is equal to 1.25 times
NUM-III-8344 Wheel Assembly the machinery service factor, C d , and is shown in
NUM-III-8344.1 Top-Running Bridge Wheel Design Table NUM-III-8344.1-4. This factor recognizes that the
(a) Unless other means of restricting lateral move- interaction between rail and wheel is more demanding
ment are provided (such as side rollers), wheels shall be in terms of durability than well-aligned and lubricated
double flanged with treads accurately machined. Bridge interaction of machined parts.
wheels may have either straight treads or tapered treads (g) The wheel load service coefficient
assembled with the large diameter towards the center
of the span. Drive wheels shall be machined in pairs Kwl p Kbw ⴛ Cs ⴛ Sm
within 0.001 in./in. of diameter with a maximum of
0.010 in. on the diameter, whichever case is smaller. and Kwl may not be smaller than Kwl minimum shown
(b) Sizing of Wheels and Rails. Wheels shall be in Table NUM-III-8344.1-4.
designed to carry the maximum wheel load under nor- (h) The equivalent durability wheel load, Pe, shall not
mal conditions without undue wear. The maximum exceed the wheel load in Table NUM-III-8344.1-1.
wheel load is that wheel load produced with trolley (i) Proper Clearance for Bridge Wheels. A total of
handling the rated load in the position to produce the approximately 3 ⁄ 4 in. to 1 in. wider than rail head.
maximum reaction at the wheel, not including impact. Tapered tread wheels may have a clearance over the rail
When sizing wheels and rails, the following parameters head of 150% of the clearance provided for straight tread
shall be considered: wheels.
D p wheel diameter, in. (j) When rotating axles are used, wheels shall be
K p hardness coefficient of the wheel mounted on the axle with press fit alone, press fit and
p BHN ⴛ 5 (for wheels with BHN<260) keys, or with keys alone.
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
p 1300(BHN/260)0.33 (for wheels with BHN>260) NUM-III-8344.2 Under-Running Bridge Wheel
W p effective rail head width, in. Design
(a) All under-running bridge truck wheels shall be
The bridge and trolley durability wheel loading for
designed to suit the surface on which they run. Drive
different wheel hardnesses and sizes in combination
wheels shall be the same diameter within a tolerance of
with different rail sizes are shown in
0.010 in.
Table NUM-III-8344.1-1. The values in the table are
(b) When flangeless wheels are used, they shall be
established by the product of D x W x K.
provided with a side roller arrangement.
(c) To use Table NUM-III-8344.1-1, first determine the
equivalent durability wheel load Pe. (c) Wheels shall be designed to carry the maximum
Pe p maximum wheel load ⴛ Kwl wheel load under normal conditions. The wheel load
shown on Table NUM-III-8344.2-1 is that load produced
Kwl p Kbw ⴛ Cs ⴛ Sm
with the trolley handling the rated load, in a position to
(d) Load factor Kbw can be determined as follows: exert the maximum load, not including impact.
NOTE: A reduction in the allowable wheel load may be necessary
0.75(BW) + f (LL) + 0.5(TW) − 0.5f (TW) to satisfy the runway lower flange stress requirements.
Kbw p (73)
0.75(BW) + 1.5f (LL)
NUM-III-8344.3 Material. Wheels shall be cast iron
where or rolled, forged, or cast steel with a minimum hardness
BW p bridge weight of 200 BHN. For special applications, other materials may
f p X/span (see Fig. NUM-III-8344.1-1) be used with permission of the owner and with consider-
LL p trolley weight + rated load ation of hardness, impact strength, and brittleness.
TW p trolley weight NUM-III-8344.4 Bearings. Wheel bearings shall be
single or double row, combination radial and thrust, anti-
See Table NUM-III-8344.1-2.
friction precision type. Bearings shall be prelubricated
(e) The speed factor, Cs, depends on the rotational and sealed or provided with fittings and seals for pressure
speed of the wheel and is listed in lubrication.
Table NUM-III-8344.1-3. These factors are obtained from
the following formulas: NUM-III-8344.5 Safety Lugs. All wheel sets shall
for rpm ≤ 31.5 have drop plates limiting the movement of the immediate
for rpm ≥ 31.5 structure to 1 in. in the event of axle or bearing failure.
Table NUM-III-8344.1-1 Bridge Wheel Loadings, lb; P; KDW
ASCE 80 lb
and 85 lb
ASCE 60 lb ARA-A 100 lb F
Wheel Diameter, and 70 lb BETH 104 BETH and
Wheel BHN D, in. ASCE 20 lb ASCE 25 lb ASCE 30 lb ASCE 40 lb ARA-A 90 lb ARA-B 100 lb USS 105 lb ASCE 100 lb USS 135 lb
200 5 4,200 5,000 5,300 ... ... ... ... ... ...
6 5,050 6,000 6,400 7,500 ... ... ... ... ...
8 6,750 8,000 8,500 10,000 ... ... ... ... ...
9 7,600 9,000 9,550 11,250 14,900 15,750 ... ... ...
10 8,450 10,000 10,650 12,500 16,550 17,500 ... ... ...
12 ... 12,000 12,750 15,000 19,850 21,000 22,500 25,500 ...
15 ... ... 15,950 18,750 24,850 26,250 28,150 31,850 ...
18 ... ... 19,150 22,500 29,800 31,500 33,750 38,250 40,500
260 5 5,500 6,500 6,900 ... ... ... ... ... ...
6 6,600 7,800 8,300 9,750 ... ... ... ... ...
8 8,800 10,400 11,050 13,000 ... ... ... ... ...
9 9,850 11,700 12,450 14,600 19,400 20,450 ... ... ...
10 10,950 13,000 13,800 16,250 21,550 22,750 ... ... ...
12 ... 15,600 16,600 19,500 25,850 27,300 29,250 33,150 ...
15 ... ... 20,750 24,400 32,300 34,100 36,550 41,450 ...
18 ... ... 24,850 29,250 38,750 40,950 43,850 48,700 52,650
320 5 5,850 6,950 7,400 ... ... ... ... ... ...
ASME NUM-1–2009
Effective width of rail 0.844 1.000 1.083 1.250 1.654 1.750 1.875 2.125 2.250
head, W (top of head
minus corner), in.
GENERAL NOTE: Bridge wheel loadings, lb, P; KDW, from CMAA 74.
ASME NUM-1–2009
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) K based on worst case with trolley against stop.
(b) Bridge load factor, Kbw, from CMAA 74.
Table NUM-III-8344.1-4
Wheel Service Factor, Sm, and Minimum Load
Service Factor, Kwl
Class of
Crane Service Kwl , min. Sm
A 0.75 0.80
B 0.75 0.90
C 0.80 1.00
D 0.85 1.12
GENERAL NOTE: Wheel service factor, Sm, and minimum load service
factor, Kwl, from CMAA 74.
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) For contour tread, P (wheel load) p 1,000 WD, lb.
(b) For convex tread, P (wheel load) p 600 WD, lb.
(c) W p width of wheel tread exclusive of flange, in.; D p diameter of wheel, in.
(d) Charted values are based on wheels with Brinell Hardness of 200. Larger wheel loads are obtainable with suitable material and with
greater Brinell Hardness.
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(e) Maximum wheel loads/I-beams and wide flange beams from CMAA 74.
NOTE:
(1) Where wheel tread matches the rolling surface of the lower flange of the track beam.
(1) single-speed AC magnetic reversing, which uti- (2) for either a 4-step or 5-step control, two time
lizes an AC squirrel-cage induction motor (also see delays shall be provided between the last three speed
NUM-III-8421.2). steps
(2) two-speed AC magnetic reversing, which uti-
NUM-III-8421.4 AC Contactors
lizes a dual-wound AC squirrel-cage induction motor.
(a) Reversing and Speed-Stepping Contactors. The mini-
Speed ratios under any load are normally 3 to 1, but may
mum NEMA size of magnetic contactors shall be in accor-
also be furnished in other ratios, such as 2 to 1, and 4 to
dance with Table NUM-III-8421.4-1 for AC-wound rotor
1 (also see NUM-III-8421.2).
motors, Table NUM-III-8421.4-2 for AC squirrel-cage
(3) variable-speed AC magnetic reversing, which is motors, and Table NUM-III-8421.4-3 for DC motors.
a type of constant potential AC control that utilizes resist-
(1) Wound-rotor primary contactors shall be
ance in the secondary of an AC-wound rotor induction
selected to be not less than the current and horsepower
motor. Three to five speed steps are normally provided,
ratings. Wound-rotor secondary contactors shall be
with the speed at each step varying depending on the
selected to be not less than the motor full-load secondary
load. current, using contactor intermittent rating. The ampere
(4) AC variable frequency control, which utilizes an intermittent rating of a three-pole secondary contactor
AC squirrel-cage induction motor and provides either with poles in delta shall be 11⁄2 times its wound-rotor
stepped or stepless speed control by varying the motor intermittent rating.
frequency (see NUM-III-8421.6). (b) Magnetic Mainline Contactors. Magnetic mainline
(b) Other Control Systems. Other control systems, such contactors, when required as stated under
as adjustable-voltage DC and adjustable-voltage AC, may NUM-III-8424.1, shall be as shown in
be required depending on the specific application or Table NUM-III-8421.4-4 for AC contactors and
owner specifications. Table NUM-III-8421.4-5 for DC contactors. The size shall
not be less than the rating of the largest primary contactor
NUM-III-8421.2 Cushioned Start Devices
used on any one motion.
(a) Cushioned start devices are utilized with single-
(c) Unless noted otherwise by the owner, definite pur-
speed and two-speed AC magnetic-reversing controls in
pose contactors, in lieu of NEMA-rated contactors, specif-
order to control the rate of acceleration by limiting the
ically rated for crane and hoist duty service may be used
starting voltage of the AC squirrel-cage induction motor.
for service classes A, B, and C provided the application
(b) A cushioned start device should be used on single- does not exceed the contactor manufacturer’s published
speed and two-speed applications that require load swing ratings.
to be minimized.
(c) A cushioned start device shall be used for the fol- NUM-III-8421.5 Resistors
lowing applications: (a) Variable-speed AC magnetic controls that require
(1) single-speed drives greater than 100 fpm use of resistors in the secondary circuit of the wound
(2) two-speed drives greater than 100 fpm that do rotor motor shall be as follows:
not utilize a time delay between the two speeds (1) not less than NEMA Class 150 Series for service
(d) Standard cushioned start devices are as follows: classes A, B, and C
(1) solid-state reduced-torque starters, which pro- (2) not less than NEMA Class 160 Series for service
vide for the adjustment of the initial torque upon starting classes D, E, and F
and adjustment of the time for reaching full motor torque (b) Additional considerations for increasing the resis-
tor class are operating conditions such as sustained slow-
(2) ballast resistors, which limit the initial torque
speed operation.
upon starting when the resistor is in the unheated
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
0 20 20 3 5
1
1 30 30 7 ⁄2 10
2 50 67 20 40
3 100 133 40 80
GENERAL NOTE: AC contactor ratings for AC-wound rotor motors from CMAA 74.
0 20 20 6 6 3 5
1
1 30 30 10 20 7 ⁄2 10
2 50 67 30 60 20 40
3 100 133 63 125 40 80
GENERAL NOTE: AC contactor ratings for mainline service from CMAA 74.
1 25 30 10 71⁄2
2 50 67 22 15
3 100 133 55 35
GENERAL NOTE: DC contactor ratings for mainline service from CMAA 74.
(2) For nominal system voltage other than shown (3) Operation at elevated voltages may result in
in Table NUM-III-8422.2-1, the rated motor voltage unsatisfactory operation, such as excessive torques.
should not be less than 95% nor more than 100% of the (c) Voltage Unbalance. AC polyphase motors shall be
nominal system voltage. capable of accelerating and running with rated hook load
(b) Variation From Rated Voltage when the voltage unbalance at the motor terminals does
(1) All AC induction motors with rated frequency not exceed 1%. Performance will not necessarily be the
and balanced voltage applied shall be capable of acceler- same as when the motor is operating with a balanced
ating and running with rated hook load at ±10% of rated voltage at the motor terminals.
motor voltage, but not necessarily at rated voltage per-
formance values. NUM-III-8422.3 Motor Time Ratings. The motor
(2) Operation at reduced voltage may result in unsat- time rating shall result in operation complying with the
isfactory drive performance with rated hook load, such specified performance as defined in NUM-G-3000, taking
as reduced speed, slower acceleration, increased motor into consideration any supplemental requirements speci-
current, noise, and heating. fied by the owner.
ASME NUM-1–2009
18 15 ...
15 15 18
12 15 18
Table NUM-III-8422.4-2 Standard 10 15 18
Bridge Motion Acceleration Rates 8 16 20
a p Acceleration 6 16 20
Rate for AC 5 18 22
or DC Motors, 4 20 24
Free Running ft/sec/
Full Load Speed sec GENERAL NOTES:
ft/min ft/sec [Note (1)] (a) Standard values for friction factor, f, from CMAA 74.
(b) For cranes equipped with sleeve bearings of normal propor-
60 1.0 0.25 min. tions, a friction factor of 24 lb per ton may be used.
120 2.0 0.25–0.80 (c) The above friction factors may require modifications for other
180 3.0 0.30–1.0 variables, such as low efficiency worm gearing, non-metallic
240 4.0 0.40–1.0 wheels, special bearings, and unusual rail conditions.
300 5.0 0.50–1.1
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) Standard bridge motion acceleration rates from CMAA 74. horsepower to utilize commercially available motors. In
(b) The actual acceleration rates shall be selected to account for either case, consideration must be given to proper per- --`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
proper performance, including such items as acceleration time, formance of the drive.
free-running time, motor and resistor heating, duty cycle, load-
spotting capability, and hook swing. (The acceleration rates
(b) Required Motor Horsepower, Outdoor Cranes
shall not exceed the values shown in Table NUM-III-8422.4-3.) (1) Compute the free-running bridge motor horse-
To avoid wheel skidding, the acceleration rate should not power, HPF, at rated load and rated speed, neglecting
exceed the values shown in Table NUM-III-8422.4-2. any wind load, using the following formula:
NOTE:
(1) For DC series motors, the acceleration rate,a is the value WⴛVⴛf
HPF p (78)
occurring while on series resistors. This would be in the range 33,000
of 50 to 80 percent of the free-running speed (Nf).
where
f p friction factor, lb/ton (per
Table NUM-III-8422.4-1)
V p full load speed, ft/min
W p full load weight to be accelerated, tons
ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
DC shunt wound Adjustable voltage 1.5
GENERAL NOTE: Standard values of accelerating torque factor, Kt, from CMAA 74.
NOTES:
(1) Kt is a function of control and/or resistor design.
(2) Low end of range should be used for applications with permanent slip resistance.
(2) Compute the free-running bridge motor horse- (e) sufficient braking means to maintain the bridge
power due to wind force only (HPw) using the following braking requirements
formula: (c) Motor Selection Versus Drive Gear Ratio
(1) The drive gear ratio is computed by the following
P ⴛ wind area ⴛ V formula:
HPw p (79)
33,000 ⴛ E
Nf ⴛ Dw ⴛ
Bridge drive gear ratio p (80)
where V ⴛ 12
E p bridge drive mechanical efficiency
where
P p wind pressure, lb/ft2 (computed from the
Dw p wheel tread diameter, in.
formula P p 0.004 (Vw)2, where Vw is
Nf p free-running rpm of the motor, after the drive
the wind velocity, mph; when Vw is
has accelerated, with rated load to the steady-
unspecified, P p 5 lb/ft2 shall be used)
state speed, V (the value of Nf is established
V p full load speed, ft/min
from the motor control speed-torque curves at
wind area p effective crane surface area exposed to
the free-running horsepower, HP FR)
wind, ft2 (as computed in NUM-III-8200)
V p specified full-load travel drive speed, ft/min
(3) The bridge drive motor horsepower shall be (2) Variations from the calculated gear ratio are per-
selected so that its horsepower rating is not less than that missible to facilitate the use of standard available ratios,
given by the following formula: provided that motor heating and operational perform-
ance is not adversely affected. The actual full-load drive
Required motor horsepower p 0.75(HPF + HPw)Ks speed may vary a maximum of ±10% of the specified
full-load speed.
(4) The following items must be considered in the
overall bridge drive design to ensure proper operation NUM-III-8423 Brakes. This section covers the electri-
under all specified load and wind conditions: cal requirements for spring-set friction-type brakes used
(a) proper speed control, acceleration, and braking as either a service brake, emergency stopping brake, or
without wind parking brake. Brake selection, sizing, and design shall
(b) ability of control to reach full speed mode of be in accordance with the brake requirements, as applica-
operation against wind ble, of ASME B30.11, ASME B30.16, and ASME B30.17,
(c) bridge speed, on any control point, when trav- including the further specific requirements of this section
eling with the wind, not to exceed the amount resulting and of NUM-III-8332.
in the maximum safe speed of the bridge drive machinery NUM-III-8423.1 Electrical Operating and Excitation
(d) avoidance of wheel skidding that could likely Systems
occur under no load, low-percent driven wheels, and (a) The electrical operating and excitation system shall
wind conditions have a thermal rating for the frequency and duration of
ASME NUM-1–2009
the specified operations and the thermal time rating shall (b) Branch Circuit Overcurrent Protection. Motor branch
equal or exceed the corresponding drive-motor time circuits shall be protected by fuses or inverse-time circuit
rating. breakers in accordance with ANSI/NFPA 70, Article 610.
(b) Any electrical traverse-drive brake used only for (c) Branch Circuit Overload Protection. Each motor,
emergency stop on power loss, or set by operator choice, motor control, and branch circuit conductor shall be pro-
shall have a coil thermal rating for continuous duty. tected from overload in accordance with ANSI/NFPA 70,
(c) Brakes with DC shunt coils shall release at 80% Article 610.
and operate without overheating at 110% of the rated (d) Undervoltage Protection. Undervoltage protection
excitation system voltage. shall be provided as a function of each motor controller,
(d) Brakes with AC coils shall release at 85% and oper- or an enclosed protective panel, or a magnetic mainline
ate without overheating at 110% of the rated excitation contactor, or a manual-magnetic disconnect switch.
system voltage. (e) Control circuits shall be protected in accordance
with ANSI/NFPA 70, Article 610.
NUM-III-8424 Disconnects and Protective Devices
NUM-III-8425 Operator Stations and Controllers. The
NUM-III-8424.1 Disconnects. All disconnects shall operator station location shall utilize either pendant
be in accordance with the requirements of ANSI/ push-button controllers, cab-operated master-switch con-
NFPA 70, Article 610. trollers, or radio-transmitter lever-switch controllers. One
(a) Main Manual Crane Disconnect or more operator stations may be provided, using either
(1) All motorized cranes and manually operated the same type or a different type of controller, as required
cranes with either an electric hoist or motorized trolley by the owner. The control station shall be clearly marked
shall be furnished with a current-rated circuit breaker or to indicate the function of the control device and indicator.
motor-rated switch, lockable in the open position, in the NUM-III-8425.1 Pendant Push-Button Controllers.
leads from the runway contact conductors or other power Pendant push-button controllers shall meet the following
supply. requirements:
(2) On all manually operated cranes with either an (a) The arrangement of pendant push buttons shall
electric hoist or motorized trolley, the main manual crane conform to Fig. NUM-III-8425.1-1, unless otherwise
disconnect may be deleted, provided all of the following required by the owner. The relative arrangements of the
criteria are met: push buttons should be standardized at each facility.
(a) the unit is floor controlled (b) Push buttons shall return to the “off” position when
(b) the unit is in view of the power supply pressure is released by the crane operator.
disconnect (c) Pendant stations shall have a grounding conductor
(c) no fixed work platform has been provided for between a ground terminal in the station and the crane.
servicing the unit (d) The maximum voltage in pendant push-button sta-
tions shall be 150 V AC or 300 V DC.
(3) The continuous ampere rating of the main man-
(e) Push buttons shall be guarded or shrouded to pre-
ual disconnect shall be not less than 50% of the combined
vent accidental actuation of crane motions.
short-time rating of the motors, nor less than 75% of the
(f) Pendant push-button stations shall be supported in
sum of the short-time rating of the motors required for
a manner that will protect the electrical conductors
any single motion.
against strain.
(b) Additional Disconnects. Where the main manual dis-
(g) Minimum wire size of multiconductor flexible
connecting means is not readily accessible from the crane
cords for pendant push-button stations shall be #16 AWG
operating station, a means shall be provided at the
unless otherwise permitted by ANSI/NFPA 70,
operating station to open the power circuit to all motors
Article 610.
of the crane. Although manually operated rope discon-
(h) Pendant-control stations shall be constructed to
nects are available, the most common disconnect for this
prevent electrical shock.
application is a mainline magnetic disconnect where a
control circuit opens a mainline magnetic contactor (see NUM-III-8425.2 Cab-Operated Master-Switch
NUM-III-8421.4 for contactor ratings). Controllers. Cab-operated master-switch controllers
shall meet the following requirements:
NUM-III-8424.2 Protective Devices (a) The arrangement of cab master switches shall con-
(a) Crane Overcurrent Protection. The crane shall be pro- form to Fig. NUM-III-8425.2-1, unless otherwise required
tected by a main overcurrent device in accordance with by the owner. Inappropriate controllers shall be deleted.
ANSI/NFPA 70, Article 610. In many cases, the main The relative arrangements of the master switches should
manual disconnect and crane overcurrent devices are fur- be standardized at each owner’s location.
nished as a single unit, being either a circuit breaker or (b) Master switches shall be within reach of the
fused disconnect. operator.
ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME NUM-1–2009
Fig. NUM-III-8425.3-1 Arrangement of Radio- and shall be approved by the owner since it interfaces
Transmitter Lever-Switch Controllers with the building structure. See also the criteria of
NUM-III-8430.
(c) The type of bridge conductor and auxiliary conduc-
tor systems shall be suitable for the application and
environment.
(d) Runway contact conductors shall be enclosed or
guarded.
(e) Bridge contact conductors shall be enclosed,
guarded, or located in a manner such that persons cannot
inadvertently touch energized current-carrying parts.
(f) All sections of contact conductors shall be mechani-
cally joined to provide a continuous electrical connection,
except for the use of required expansion joints and jumper
cables.
or DC motor drives, there shall be at least two spring- NUM-III-8428 Warning Devices
loaded contact shoes per phase on the main line systems, (a) On cab-operated cranes and remote-operated
in the primary circuit of AC motors, and in any DC motor cranes, a gong or other warning means shall be provided
armature circuit that does not supply current to a series for each crane equipped with a power-traveling
brake. Adequate expansion means shall be incorporated mechanism.
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
to allow for building expansions and contractions as spec- (b) On pendant push-button–controlled cranes, a gong
ified. Where low contact resistance is required for low- or other warning means shall be provided if required by
current or low-voltage pilot devices, such as tachometer the owner.
generators, a combination of conductor and collector
materials shall be suitable for that usage. NUM-III-8429 Auxiliary Electrical Equipment
NOTE: While taut wire arrangements are present on many existing (a) Travel Limit Switches. End of travel limit switches
systems, the use of an insulated taut wire system is not recom- shall be provided if required by the owner.
mended on new applications due to inherent safety issues. (b) Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning. Heating,
(2) Brush-Type Cable Reel. These systems consist of ventilating, and air conditioning for an enclosed opera-
a cable that is played out off a reel and uses a slip-ring tor’s cab shall be provided if required by the owner.
and brush arrangement to maintain electrical contact. (c) Convenience Outlets. Convenience outlets shall be
Where low-contact resistance is required for low-current provided if required by the owner.
or low-voltage pilot devices, such as tachometer genera-
tors, a combination of slip ring and brush materials shall NUM-III-8430 Wiring Materials and Methods
be suitable for that usage.
(3) Flexible Continuous Conductor. These systems (a) The wiring system shall meet the requirements of
consist of a continuous flexible cable, either flat or round, ANSI/NFPA 70, Article 610 as supplemented by this
which is suspended in a festooned arrange- section.
ment from a trolley and track system, or in a cable (b) The provisions of this section apply to interconnect-
carrier. ing wiring both within and external to control panel
NUM-III-8427.3 Conductor System Design enclosures. It does not apply to wiring that forms an
(a) Current conductors shall have sufficient ampacity integral part of equipment, such as motors, individual
to carry the required current to the crane, or cranes when control components (e.g., contactors, transformers, and
operating with rated load. The conductor ratings shall relays), and electronic control subassemblies.
be selected in accordance with ANSI/NFPA 70, (c) The complete raceway system including wire shall
Article 610. For manufactured conductor systems with be assembled on the crane at the crane manufacturer’s
published ampacities, the intermittent ratings may be facility. Where disassembly is necessary for shipment,
used. The ampacities of fixed loads, such as heating, components shall be match-marked for ease of field erec-
lighting, and air conditioning, may be computed as 2.25 tion. Where any portion of a raceway run must be discon-
times their sum total, which will permit the application nected or dismantled to permit shipment, the wire shall
of intermittent ampacity ratings for use with continuous not be pulled through that raceway during shop assembly.
fixed loads. Wire not pulled shall be cut to approximate length
(b) The type of runway conductor system shall be suit- and bound in coils marked for the circuit to which it
able for the application and environmental conditions, applies.
ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
ASME NUM-1–2009
NUM-III-8431 Wiring Materials (d) All external conductors for control circuits shall be
routed through terminal blocks with no more than two
NUM-III-8431.1 Conductors
conductors terminated at each connection point.
(a) Individual conductors, including those in multicon- (e) Panel wiring shall be routed in a manner that will
ductor cables, shall have a maximum operating tempera- not interfere with inspection and maintenance of devices.
ture rating not less than 75°C.
(f) Control conductors external to AC inverter controls
(b) Multiconductor cable shall be permitted in wiring that connect to components subject to detrimental effects
the crane. The cable used shall comply with the require- due to electromagnetic interference induced in the con-
ments of ANSI/NFPA 70. Flexible service cable shall be ductor from other conductors or electrical equipment
used when required for the application, such as in a shall be of a design or installed in such a manner that
festooned flexible continuous conductor system. prevents such effects. Examples include the following:
(c) Minimum sizes of conductors (excluding electron- (1) Use individually shielded twisted pair conduc-
ics) shall be as follows: tors for tachometers or encoder connections.
(1) Number 14 AWG for power and lighting circuits (2) Route such conductors through a separate
(2) Number 16 AWG for control circuits conduit.
(d) Conductors shall be annealed copper with mini- (3) Refrain from splicing connections.
mum stranding as follows:
(1) ASTM B 8 Class B for nonflexing service
NUM-III-8500 INSPECTION AND TESTING
(2) ASTM B 174 Class K for flexing service
(e) Color coding, if required by the owner, shall be in NUM-III-8510 General
accordance with NEMA ICS 1. NUM-III-8511 Scope. This section describes the gen-
(f) All control conductors and cables used with AC eral inspection and testing requirements for all NUM-III
inverter-type controls and having operating voltages less cranes, monorails, and hoists beginning prior to manufac-
than 110 V shall be of shielded type. ture and continuing through delivery, erection, accept-
NUM-III-8431.2 Raceways ance load testing, and inspection at the erection site. Each
(a) Wiring external to control panel enclosures or crane, monorail, and hoist shall be examined for compli-
assemblies of control panels with integral raceways shall ance with the requirements specified and with the
be installed in rigid metal conduit, except as otherwise approved drawings. This element of inspection shall
permitted in this section or as approved by the owner. include a visual examination and dimensional checks,
and nondestructive examinations of hooks as specified
(b) Short lengths of open conductors shall be permitted
herein.
at collectors and within enclosures or guards for resistors
and transformers. NUM-III-8512 Responsibility. Unless otherwise spec-
(c) Conduit smaller than 3⁄4-in. diameter trade size shall ified by the owner, the manufacturer is responsible for the
not be used. performance of all inspection requirements as specified
(d) Flexible metal conduit may be used to enclose con- herein. The owner shall be permitted to witness inspec-
ductors to stationary or infrequently moved devices, such tions and tests as well as any inspections and tests to be
as motors, brakes, master switches, and limit switches, performed at the erection site.
or to equipment subject to vibration. NUM-III-8513 Documentation. All inspections and
(e) Connections to moving parts (bridge to trolley, tests performed on the crane, monorail, or hoist, both at
bridge or trolley to pendant push-button station) may be the plant and at the site, shall be fully documented in
made by flexible cable not enclosed in conduit. Where reports with copies furnished to the owner.
flexible cable is used, some form of strain relief shall be
provided. NUM-III-8520 Inspection by Seller Prior to and During
(f) Conduit shall be rigidly attached to the crane by Manufacture
conduit supports. NUM-III-8521 Structural. Structural components
NUM-III-8432 Wiring Methods shall be visually and dimensionally inspected for confor-
(a) All conductors shall be identified at each termina- mance with drawing requirements and specifications.
tion by a marking that corresponds to the schematic NUM-III-8521.1 Welds. All structural welds shall
diagram. be visually inspected over their entire lengths. Acceptance
(b) Conductors shall be run from terminal to terminal criteria of welds and repair shall be in accordance with
without splices except at devices with integral leads or AWS D1.1 or EPRI NP-5380, as specified by the owner.
within junction boxes. Nondestructive testing (radiograph or ultrasonic) of
(c) Pressure-type connectors shall be provided on all groove welds shall be in accordance with
wires connected to terminals not equipped with a means Table NUM-III-8234.1-2. Other nondestructive testing, if
for retaining conductor strands. required, shall be specified by the owner.
ASME NUM-1–2009
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
termination in accordance with the schematic diagram.
testing and criteria for acceptance shall be in accordance
with ASME B30.10. NUM-III-8523.2 Operation. Electrical components
shall be checked out prior to and/or during shop tests
NUM-III-8522.1.2 Nondestructive Test to ensure that they operate as designed.
(a) If required by the owner, hooks shall be MT or PT
inspected in accordance with ASTM A 275, ASTM E 709, NUM-III-8530 Shop Operational Tests
and/or ASTM E 165. NUM-III-8531 Prerequisites. Prior to conducting the
(b) Magnetic-particle and liquid-penetrant acceptance shop no-load test, the lifting equipment or applicable
criteria shall be as follows: portions to be tested shall be assembled and wired subject
(1) Indications with any dimension over 1⁄16 in. are to the following:
unacceptable on material under 2 in. thick; on material (a) The equipment or its applicable portions need not
2 in. and over, indications with any dimension over 1⁄8 in. be completely assembled, wired, or painted at time of
are unacceptable. testing if subsequent work will not influence or alter the
(2) Four or more indications of any size separated results of the test.
by less than 1⁄16 in. edge to edge is unacceptable on mate- (b) Temporary electrical connections for test purposes
rial under 2 in. thick; on material 2 in. and over, less than are acceptable for normally installed field wiring.
1
⁄8 in. edge to edge is unacceptable. (c) When testing the operations of mechanical portions
(3) Ten or more indications of any size in any of the crane, monorail, or hoist, the use of a temporary
6 in.2 determined with the major dimension taken in the controller is acceptable unless otherwise specified by the
most unfavorable location relative to the indications but owner.
not exceeding 6 in. in length is unacceptable. (d) When testing electrical portions of the crane, mono-
(4) Indications may be explored to determine if they rail, or hoist, they shall be tested with the actual equip-
are the result of material discontinuities, material proper- ment controls unless specifically excepted by the owner.
ties, or part geometry. Only indications resulting from (e) The assembled crane, monorail, or hoist shall be
material discontinuities shall be considered unacceptable; square and in alignment with parts fitted and adjusted
however, all indications identified that exceed the criteria properly.
in (1) through (3) above shall be recorded in the test NUM-III-8532 Testing
report. (a) Cranes and Monorails. All drives shall be verified
(c) Nonrepairable transverse indications are unaccept- under no load conditions.
able within the tensioned sections of the hook. Repairs (b) Hoists. Testing shall be in accordance with
by welding on the hook are not acceptable. ASME B30.16. Mechanical load brakes shall be tested
under load to verify proper operation.
NUM-III-8522.1.3 Visual Inspection. Visually
inspect hook and nut threads for adequacy and freedom NUM-III-8540 Preparation for Shipment
from damage.
NUM-III-8541 Disassembly. Equipment that has been
NUM-III-8522.2 Wire Rope and Chain assembled for shop testing shall be disassembled only
as required for shipment to the erection site or specified
NUM-III-8522.2.1 Wire Rope. If required by the storage facility.
owner, a segment of the wire rope shall have a pull test
to the breaking strength in accordance with Federal NUM-III-8542 Marking and Tagging. Each item or
Specification RR-W-410. subassembly shall be marked and/or tagged with its
name and drawing, assembly, and item or subassembly
NUM-III-8522.2.2 Chain. If required by the identification. Items disconnected for handling and ship-
owner, a segment of the load chain shall have a pull ping shall be match-marked for reassembly at the erection
test to the breaking strength in accordance with Federal site. Marking shall be accomplished using a method that
Specification RR-C-271. is not detrimental to the material, e.g., sharp bottom
ASME NUM-1–2009
stamps shall not be used for marking structural compo- NUM-III-8572 Inspection During Assembly. Inspec-
nents that will be subjected to high stresses. tions of the work areas and the work in progress shall
be performed to verify that crane components are being
NUM-III-8543 Inspection. Prior to shipment, all
located, installed, assembled, or connected in compliance
items, assemblies, or subassemblies shall be inspected
with the latest approved-for-construction drawings, this
to ensure that they are complete, undamaged, properly
Standard, installation instructions, and procedures.
identified, and properly packaged.
Inspections performed shall include, as appropriate,
NUM-III-8544 Packaging. Packaging of items to be the following:
shipped shall be as required to provide protection from (a) identification
handling and/or shipping damage, which could occur (b) location and orientation of components
during such shipment. All items, assemblies, or subas- (c) leveling and alignment
semblies shall be accurately identified and listed in the (d) clearances and tolerances
bill of lading as necessary for performance of receipt (e) tightness of connections and fasteners
inspection at the erection site or storage facility. (f) fluid levels and pressures
NUM-III-8550 Receipt Inspection by Owner (g) cleanliness
(h) welding operations, including materials and pro-
NUM-III-8551 Verification. All items, subassemblies, cess controls
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or assemblies shall be checked against the bill of lading (i) adequacy of housekeeping, barriers, and protective
for proper identification and verification of receipt. Dis- equipment to ensure that items will not be damaged or
crepancies shall be reported to the transporter and to the contaminated as a result of adjacent construction
shipper. activities
NUM-III-8552 Condition. All items, subassemblies, NUM-III-8573 Assembled Inspection. Checks shall
or assemblies shall be inspected for corrosion, contamina- be performed to verify that all components have been
tion, deterioration, or physical damage resulting from correctly installed. If construction or associated activities
their being shipped. Damage shall be reported to the affect the results of these checks, the checks shall be
shipper. repeated, if necessary, to ensure that the quality has not
NUM-III-8553 Documentation. Receipt of documen- been adversely affected.
tation as required by the owner or this Standard, as appli- Checkout procedures to verify correctness of installa-
cable, shall be verified by the owner. tion and ability to function shall include the following
mechanical elements:
NUM-III-8560 Storage by Owner Prior to Erection (a) mating parts, such as couplings, are properly
NUM-III-8561 Preparation for Storage. When receiv- positioned
ing inspection of an item has been completed, the item (b) proper greasing or lubrication has been completed
shall be in satisfactory condition for storage. Ensure that (c) casings, reservoirs, etc., are primed, vented, and
pipe caps or covers removed for receiving inspection are filled
replaced, machined surfaces are protected, and crated (d) reeving shall conform to manufacturer’s instruc-
items have been recrated (if applicable) in accordance tions; check end attachments for proper installation
with the owner’s requirements governing preparation for (e) control of specified bolting method and the follow-
shipment and storage. ing electrical elements:
NUM-III-8562 Storage Requirements. Items, assem- (1) electrical connections inspected for good contact
blies, or subassemblies should be stored in an atmosphere and conformance with wiring diagram
that will provide protection from damage or deterioration (2) bridge conductor-collector system inspected for
from other work or traffic, adverse weather conditions, proper alignment
fires, flooding, etc.
NUM-III-8580 Site Load Testing
NUM-III-8570 Inspection by Owner at Erection
NUM-III-8581 Preoperational Testing and Inspection.
NUM-III-8571 Prerequisites A preoperational testing and inspection program shall
(a) Inspections or checks, as appropriate, shall be per- be established to demonstrate that the equipment will
formed to verify that conditions of the installation area perform satisfactorily in service. The preoperational test-
conform to specified requirements and that precautions ing shall be performed in accordance with written test
have been taken to prevent conditions that will adversely procedures that incorporate acceptance criteria. Unless
affect the quality of the item during installation. otherwise specified by the owner, the owner or his desig-
(b) Permanent crane runway supports and mountings nated representative(s) shall
that will properly interface with the crane shall have been (a) witness the preoperational tests called for in these
installed. procedures
ASME NUM-1–2009
(b) furnish all facilities necessary for the performance regular. The trolley shall approach the limits of travel as
of such tests close as practical if use area restrictions are imposed.
(c) ensure that proper communications are established (3) For bridge and gantry cranes, transport the test
for control of testing load by means of the bridge or gantry for the full length
These testing requirements shall be completed after the of the runway in one direction with the trolley as close
equipment has been installed and prior to construction/ to the extreme right-hand end of the crane as practical,
operational use of the crane, monorail, or hoist. and in the other direction with trolley as close to the
extreme left-hand end of the crane as practical.
NUM-III-8582 No-Load Test. A no-load test will be When cranes operate on more than two runways (mul-
performed after the power supply has been verified to tiple truck cranes), the crane shall transport the test load
be in accordance with equipment specifications to verify for the full length of the runway with the test load under
the following: each of the intermediate trucks.
(a) motor rotation is correct. (4) Lower the test load; stop and hold the load with
(b) lubrication and cooling systems are in service. the brakes.
(c) limit switches, interlocks, and stops are properly (5) Perform loss of power test by interrupting the
adjusted and set. Verify the minimum number of wraps main electrical power or air supply, as applicable, while
of rope on the drum when the block is located at the lowering the test load at slow speed to verify that the
lowest working level. brakes set and hold the load.
(d) instrumentation is calibrated and in service as (6) Verify that the nameplate reflects the load rating
required. per NUM-III-8583(a).
(e) controls are adjusted properly for all hoist, trolley, NUM-III-8584 Certification. A written report confirm-
and bridge drives, as applicable, through their respective ing the equipment has successfully passed the rated load
speed ranges. test shall be furnished. This report shall be signed by
NUM-III-8583 Rated Load Test. After the no-load tests representatives of all parties participating in the test.
are completed and prior to use for handling loads, the
equipment shall be rated load tested. NUM-III-8600 CRANE AND MONORAIL MARKING (09)
(a) The crane, monorail, or hoist shall receive a rated (a) The rated load shall be marked on each side of
load test of 125% (+5%, −0%) of the rated capacity. The the crane bridge, jib boom, and monorail with monorail
load rating shall not exceed 80% of the maximum load markings being at intervals so as to always be visible
sustained during the test nor the manufacturer’s rated from the operating floor.
capacity. (b) Top-running bridge and gantry cranes including
(b) The rated load test shall consist of the following wall cranes shall have additional markings in accordance
operations as a minimum requirement: with ASME B30.17.
(1) Lift the test load a distance to ensure that the (c) Monorails, underhung cranes, and jib cranes shall
load is supported by the hoist and held by the hoist have additional markings in accordance with
brakes. Hold for a minimum of 10 min. ASME B30.11.
(2) Transport the test load by means of the trolley (d) Hoists used on any bridge crane, wall crane, jib
(carrier) from one end of the crane bridge, jib, or monorail crane, or monorail shall be in accordance with
to the other. The trolley motion shall be smooth and NUM-III-7970.
INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
ASME NUM-1–2009
MANDATORY APPENDIX IV
SI CONVERSION FACTORS
1 ton (long) p 1.12 ton (short) 1 ton (short) p 0.8928571 ton (long)
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX A
SERVICE GUIDANCE
NUM-A-1000 SERVICE CLASS (See NUM-G-3200) W p load magnitude, expressed as a ratio of each
NUM-A-1100 Crane and Monorail Service Class lifted load to the rated capacity. Operation with
no lifted load and the weight of any attachment
The crane service classification is based on the load
must be included.
spectrum reflecting the actual service conditions as
closely as possible. The definition of CMAA crane ser-
(b) All classes of cranes are affected by the operating
vice class in terms of load class and load cycles is shown
conditions. Therefore, for the purpose of the classifica-
in Table NUM-A-1100-1.
tions, it is assumed that the crane will be operating in
(a) Load spectrum is a mean effective load that is
normal ambient temperature 0°F to 104°F and normal
uniformly distributed over a probability scale and
atmospheric conditions (free from excessive dust, mois-
applied to the equipment at a specified frequency. The
ture, and corrosive fumes).
selection of the properly sized crane component to per-
form a given function is determined by the varying load (c) The cranes can be classified into loading groups
magnitudes and given load cycles that can be expressed according to the service conditions of the most severely
in terms of the mean effective load factor. loaded part of the crane. The individual parts that are
3
clearly separate from the rest or forming a self-contained
kp 冪 W13P1 + W23P2 + ... + Wn3 Pn structural unit can be classified into different loading
groups if the service conditions are fully known.
where
k p mean effective load factor. (Used to establish NUM-A-1200 Electrically Operated Hoist Service
crane service class only.) Class
P p load probability, expressed as a ratio of cycles
under each load magnitude condition to the NUM-A-1210 General Considerations. Service con-
total cycles. The sum total of the load probabili- ditions have an important influence on the performance
ties P must equal 1.0. of wearing parts, including gears, bearings, rope,
L1 A B C D 0.35–0.53
L2 B C D E 0.531–0.67
L3 C D E F 0.671–0.85
L4 D E F F 0.851–1.00
Irregular occasional Regular use in Regular use in Regular use
use followed by intermittent continuous in severe
long idle period operation operation continuous
operation
NOTES:
(1) Load classes are as follows:
L1 p Cranes that hoist the rated load occasionally and very light loads normally.
L2 p Cranes that rarely hoist the rated load and normally hoist loads of about one-third of the rated load.
L3 p Cranes that hoist the rated load fairly frequently and normally hoist loads between one-third and two-thirds of the rated load.
L4 p Cranes that are regularly loaded close to the rated load.
(2) Load cycles are as follows:
N1 p 20,000 to 200,000 cycles
N2 p 200,000 to 600,000 cycles
N3 p 600,000 to 2,000,000 cycles
N4 p Over 2,000,000 cycles
ASME NUM-1–2009
sheaves, electrical equipment, brake linings, load and NUM-A-1220 Duty Classification. While all the fac-
lift limit devices, and wheels, of a hoist. tors listed in NUM-A-1210 must be considered in select-
Careful consideration of the hoist duty service classifi- ing the proper class of hoist, most applications having
cations described in this section will enable the user to randomly distributed loads or uniform loads up to 65%
evaluate the application and to obtain a hoist designed of rated load handled periodically throughout the work
for optimum performance and minimum maintenance. period can be generalized according to the type of work-
If doubt exists regarding hoist selection, the hoist manu- shop or area of application. Listed under Hoist Duty
facturer should be consulted. Many factors enter into Class of Table NUM-G-3210-1 are the five duty classes
the selection of the proper hoist to perform a given that have been established for electric wire rope hoists.
function. Hoisting equipment consists of both mechani- Typical areas of application are listed in the table where
cal and electrical components and both must be consid- each class can normally be applied.
The majority of hoist applications fall into one of the
ered when analyzing the service the hoist must perform.
three categories, H1, H2, or H3, and the use of the gener-
The factors that influence the mechanical and electri-
alized description in the table for selection of the hoist
cal performance of any hoist include the following:
will be adequate.
(a) Load Distribution. The actual distribution or pro- (a) Operational Time Ratings. If in doubt as to the
portion of full and partial loads to be handled by the required duty classification for an application, refer to
equipment, including lifting devices, has an important the data in Table NUM-G-3220-1 that show the opera-
effect on the life of power transmission components. tional time ratings for each class.
For example, ball bearing life generally varies inversely (1) Uniformly Distributed Work Periods
according to the cube of the load. A 2-t hoist operated (a) Maximum on Time, Minutes Per Hour. The
at a mean effective load of 1 t will have a ball bearing maximum running time in minutes per hour permitted
life eight times that of the same hoist used steadily at for the duty class when hoist utilization is uniformly
its rated load. distributed over a given work period.
(b) Operational Time. Operational time is the total run- (b) Maximum Number of Starts Per Hour. The max-
ning time of the hoist per hour or per work period. imum number of motor starts per hour permitted for
(c) Work Distribution. This is determined by whether the duty class when hoist utilization is uniformly distrib-
the operational time is uniformly distributed over the uted over a given work period. For two-speed motors,
work period or concentrated in a short time span. Work the total number of starts is the sum of the starts made
distribution generally does not appreciably affect at each motor speed.
mechanical wear but does materially affect the electrical (2) Infrequent Work Periods
components such as motors, brakes, and controls. For (a) Maximum on Time From Cold Start in Minutes.
example, a hoist motor designed to operate 15 min out The maximum total running time for hoist utilization
of each hour of an 8-hr shift cannot handle 2 hr of steady for the duty class starting with hoist at ambient tempera-
ture. These values cover infrequent periods of extended
run and 6 hr of idle time even though either distribution
use and are applicable only with hoist at ambient tem-
of work only requires 2 hr of operational time per
perature and cannot be repeated unless hoist is allowed
8-hr shift.
to cool down to ambient temperature between periods.
(d) Number of Starts and Stops. This directly affects all (b) Maximum Number of Starts. The maximum
electromechanical devices, such as motors, contactors, total number of motor starts permitted for infrequent
brakes, and solenoids. work periods specified in the table. For two speed
(e) Repetitive Long-Lowering Operations. Such opera- motors, the total number of starts is the sum of the starts
tions generate heat in control braking means. made at each motor speed.
(f) Environmental Conditions. Such conditions include (b) Mean Effective Load. Mean effective load denotes
high ambient temperatures, dust, moisture, and corro- a theoretical single load value that has the same effect
sive fumes. Hoist equipment is designed to operate in on the hoist as various loads actually applied to the
ambient temperatures between 0°F and 104°F and in hoist over a period of time.
atmospheres reasonably free from dust, moisture, and K is the mean effective load factor and is expressed as
corrosive fumes, unless otherwise specified. 3
Standard may be required. In these locations, only hoists the rated load.
designed in a manner suitable for the conditions encoun- P p load probability. Load probability is the ratio
tered shall be used. of the running time under each load magnitude
ASME NUM-1–2009
condition to the hoist total running time. The (a) Select a hoist class from Table NUM-G-3210-1
sum total of all load probabilities used in the based on the general descriptions given in the applica-
above equation shall equal 1.0. tions section.
W p load magnitude. Load magnitude is the ratio (b) Select a hoist with a rated load equal to or some-
of the hoist operating load to the hoist rated what greater than the maximum load to be lifted.
load. Operation with no load shall be included (c) Using the information in the table, select the hoist
along with the weight of any dead load such speed that will meet the operational time ratings for the
as lifting attachments or devices. hoist duty class.
(d) Determine the value of K. If K is greater than 0.65,
(c) Randomly Distributed Loads. Randomly distributed select a hoist of a higher rated load and recalculate K
implies that loads applied to the hoist are assumed to to make sure it is less than 0.65.
be evenly distributed within the rated load of the hoist
in decreasing steps of 20% of the previous load value.
NUM-A-1300 Air-Operated Hoist Service Class
Random loads, therefore, are considered as 100%, 80%, NUM-A-1310 General Conditions. Service condi-
64%, 51%, 41%, 33%, 26%, and so on, of the rated load. tions have an important influence on the performance
Operation with random loads is considered on an of wearing parts of a hoist, such as gears, bearings, rope,
equal time basis for the operating time remaining after sheaves, load chain, sprockets, brake linings, load and
accounting for the time the hoist is operating at no load lift limit devices, wheels, and pneumatic components.
and rated load. Randomly distributed loads will result Careful consideration of the hoist duty service classifi-
in a mean effective load factor of 0.65. cations described in this section will enable the user to
evaluate the application and obtain a hoist designed for
NUM-A-1230 Application Analysis optimum performance and minimum maintenance. If
doubt exists regarding hoist selection, the hoist manu-
NUM-A-1231 General
facturer should be consulted. Many factors enter into
(a) If the operation consists of lowering loads over
the selection of the proper hoist to perform a given
long distances of more than 50 ft, the mechanical load
function. Hoisting equipment consists of both mechani-
brake heat dissipation capability (overheating) may
cal and pneumatic components, and both must be con-
become a factor.
sidered when analyzing the service the hoist must
(b) Motor heating generated by the number of starts perform.
is not appreciably affected by the load on the hook and The factors that influence the performance of any hoist
therefore the limits imposed in Table NUM-G-3220-1 are include the following:
applicable for the motor regardless of the load being (a) Load Distribution. This is the actual distribution or
handled. proportion of full and partial loads to be handled by
NUM-A-1232 Fundamental Application Analysis. It the equipment, including lifting devices.
is not necessary to perform a detailed application analy- (b) Operational Time. Operational time is the total run-
sis or calculate the mean effective load factor if all of ning time of the hoist per hour or per work period.
the conditions listed below are met. (c) Repetitive Long-Lowering Operations. Such opera-
(a) The hoist is operating at no load during one-half tions generate heat in control braking means.
of its operating time (load probability equals 0.5). (d) Environmental Conditions. Examples include high
or low ambient temperatures, dust, moisture, and corro-
(b) The hoist is operating with rated load for a period
sive fumes.
of time not exceeding 20% of its operating time (load
(e) Hazardous Locations. When hoists are used in haz-
probability equal to or less than 0.2).
ardous locations, as defined by ANSI/NFPA 70 or other
(c) Other loads applied to the hoist during the remain-
special standards, modifications or additional precau-
der of its operating time are randomly distributed.
tions not covered by this Standard may be required. In
Conditions in which the above operating criteria are
these locations, only hoists designed in a manner suit-
met will result in a mean effective load factor of 0.65 or
able for the conditions encountered shall be used.
less. If any one of these conditions cannot be met or if
a below-the-hook lifting device is attached to the load NUM-A-1320 Duty Classification. While all the fac-
hook, a detailed application analysis using a calculated tors listed in NUM-A-1310 must be considered in select-
mean effective load factor should be conducted. Refer ing the proper class of hoist, most industrial applications
to NUM-A-1233. can be generalized according to the percentage of rated
See NUM-B-1000 for hoist class selection example. load normally handled and the running time. Listed in
Table NUM-G-3220-1 are the two duty classes that have
NUM-A-1233 Detailed Application Analysis. The been established for air wire rope and air-powered chain
following general method may be used to make a hoists. The majority of hoist applications will fall into
detailed application analysis: the A4 category.
ASME NUM-1–2009
Table NUM-A-2000-1 Recommended Electric Wire NUM-A-3000 COATINGS AND FINISHES (See
Rope Hoist Hoisting Speeds NUM-G-4230)
Hoist Duty Class and Hoist Speed, fpm NUM-A-3100 Surface Considerations
Rated Load,
tons H1 and H2 H3 H4 NUM-A-3110 Profiles. When preparing surfacesfor
coating with inorganic zinc systems, an important con-
0–2 10–15 12–30 25–50 sideration for proper adhesion is the number of peaks
3–5 10–15 12–30 20–40
per unit area of surface. The required 5% inclusion of
6–7.5 10–15 12–25 15–30
8–10 7–10 10–20 15–30 grit, when shot blasting, is established to provide the
11–15 7–10 10–15 10–20 desired degree of roughness for these systems. Higher
16–20 5–10 10–15 10–15 or lower percentage inclusions of grit may be necessary
21–30 5–10 8–15 10–15 depending on numerous conditions, such as the age of
31–40 4–8 6–12 6–12 the working mix at a given facility. Lower levels will
41–50 4–8 5–10 5–10 require the purchaser’s approval. This approval may be
GENERAL NOTES:
obtained by a review of a sample of the mixture to be
(a) For class H5 units, speeds can only be determined after the used and/or a sample panel prepared per the crane
quantity of material to be handled and the time allotted to specification requirements with the intended mixture.
complete the work have been established.
NUM-A-3120 Moisture. Figure NUM-A-3120-1 may
(b) For trolleys of an I-beam hoist unit, recommended trolley
speeds are given under Table NUM-A-2000-3, where hoist
be used as a quick reference guide to establish when
classes H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 are basically equivalent to the the ambient conditions will allow painting or surface
crane and monorail classes A, B, C, D, and E. preparation. Better determination can be made using
more precise hygromatic charts for the exact conditions
at any specific time.
Table NUM-A-2000-2 Recommended Air Hoist NUM-A-3200 Fillers
Hoisting Speeds To minimize rust staining and similar types of prob-
Capacity Wire Rope Chain lems, small spaces between abutting parts may be filled
using a qualified filler compatible with the coating sys-
1–2 tons 20 FPM 19 FPM
tem and acceptable to the coating manufacturer. Seal
3–5 tons 18 FPM 10 FPM
7.5–10 tons 18 FPM 5 FPM welding may also be used for this condition where per-
15–20 tons 10 FPM 4 FPM mitted by the design of adjacent structural welds.
NUM-A-3300 Deviations and Corrections
NUM-A-3310 General Requirements. Corrections of
Table NUM-A-2000-3 Recommended Crane Bridge deviations are not intended to be limited to the follow-
and Trolley Speeds ing. Alternative methods of correction may be used
where accepted by the coating manufacturer and the
Bridge and Trolley Speed, fpm
Rated Load, purchaser.
tons Classes A and B Class C Class D (a) Any deviations in the coating system or surface
0–10 30–90 40–125 100–150
preparation may be corrected by repreparation and
11–20 25–75 40–100 100–150 recoating of the entire piece or component in accordance
21–50 20–50 25–75 40–100 with the original requirements.
(b) Brush or roller application may be used in limited
GENERAL NOTE: For class E units, speeds can only be determined areas of repair, provided the method is compatible with
after the quantity of material to be handled and the time allotted to the coating system.
complete the work have been established.
(c) Areas damaged during shipment or erection may
be corrected by the purchaser in accordance with these
methods.
NUM-A-2000 SPEEDS (See NUM-G-3400)
NUM-A-3320 Correction of Deviations in Blasted
(a) Suggested maximum operating speeds are listed Surfaces
in Tables NUM-A-2000-1 and NUM-A-2000-2 for hoists (a) Surface imperfections detected during or after the
and Table NUM-A-2000-3 for crane bridges and trolleys. coating process, such as weld flaws, delaminations,
These Tables are consistent with speeds established by scabs, and slivers, shall be corrected with methods
ASME HST-4M and ASME NOG-1. approved by the manufacturer’s design engineer.
(b) Suggested maximum jib rotation speed is 0.5 RPM (b) Gouges in surfaces may be repaired by the use of
to 1.0 RPM. appropriately qualified caulking compounds with the
ASME NUM-1–2009
85
80
75
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Relative Humidity, %
70
65
Su
rfa
ce
te
m
pe
ra
tu
Su re
60 rfa 10
ce 0 °F
Apply coatings te
or prepare surfaces m
pe
ra
Su tu
rfa re
70
ce °F
55 te
m
pe
ra
tu
re
50
°F
50
0 5 10 15
Air Temperature Minus Surface Temperature, °F
ASME NUM-1–2009
approval of the manufacturer’s design engineer. Gouges (e) Localized blisterings may be corrected by power
shall not be filled using these compounds if the area is sanding or grinding to firm coating or substrate. After
to be overcoated with inorganic zinc. These areas may grinding, a needle gun should be used to roughen the
be filled after application and curing of the inorganic surface. Edges shall be feathered a minimum of 2 in.
zinc systems where the two materials are compatible. onto the firm coat. All dust and chalk shall be removed,
NUM-A-3330 Correction of Deviations in Coating and, where not detrimental to the coating, the area shall
During Coating Application be solvent wiped. The area may then be recoated by an
appropriate method.
(a) Runs and sags may be corrected during coating
application by either brushing out the excess material (f) Film thickness below the specified minimum may
to give a smooth film within the required thickness range be corrected as indicated in NUM-A-3330 or by removal
or by brushing out and reapplying additional coating of all material back to bare substrate and repreparation
within the specified film thickness range. and application in accordance with the original
requirements.
(b) Areas not receiving the necessary wet film thick-
ness may be immediately recoated before flash drying (g) Localized areas with film thickness above the spec-
occurs. For inorganic zinc systems, if flash drying has ified maximum may be reduced by sanding or grinding.
occurred, the area to be recoated shall be cured and then For inorganic zinc systems, wire screening down to the
sweep-blasted before applying additional coating. If required thickness may be done if the coating is accept-
recoating of the system is delayed beyond the maximum able, except for the excess thickness. An example of this
allowed recoat time established by the coating manufac- would be the case of an inorganic zinc coating that
turer, the coating manufacturer shall be contacted to exhibits no mud cracking but exceeds the required film
determine an acceptable recoat procedure. thickness. If the excess film thickness is considered by
(c) For other than inorganic zinc systems, recoating the coating manufacturer and the purchaser to not be
can be performed any time after the time interval indi- detrimental to the integrity of the system, the system
cated by the coating manufacturer. If an extended period may be accepted with the excess film thickness at the
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
of delay occurs prior to recoating, the surfaces shall be discretion of the purchaser. If the excess film thickness
cleaned of dirt, oils, grease, dust, and other contaminants is considered by the coating manufacturer and the pur-
by sweeping, brushing, wiping, using pressurized air, chaser to be detrimental to the integrity of the system,
scraping, solvent cleaning, steam cleaning, or any com- the system shall be removed to a previously acceptable
bination of these similar methods as appropriate for the film or to base metal as recommended by the coating
contaminants involved. manufacturer.
GENERAL NOTE: This Table indicates the characteristics of hoists generally available. Those values
including a dash (e.g., 15–50) denote typical ranges.
NOTES:
(1) Tons of 2,000 lb.
(2) Standard lifts are 8 ft, 0 in. Weights predicated on standard lifts. Other lifts are available. Corres-
ponding hand-chain drop is normally 2 ft, 0 in. less than the reach.
(3) Values refer to each hand chain where two or more hand chains are required.
(e) load summary report(s) (s) fastener material for structual connection material
(f) acceptance test plans and procedures test reports
(g) software test plans for controls
(h) control logic diagrams NUM-A-6200 Intermediate Storage
(i) welding procedures and welder certificates Those responsible for the storage of the equipment
should establish a system for the collection, storage, and
NUM-A-6120 Records Submitted Upon Completion.
submittal of quality assurance records to the owner in
The following quality assurance records (where applica-
accordance with NQA-1.
ble) should be submitted to the owner or his designated
representative. Additional requirements may be NUM-A-6300 Constructor/Erector
included in the equipment procurement documents
(a) material test reports per Tables NUM-I-8210-2 and Those responsible for the construction/erection of the
NUM-I-8210-3 equipment should establish a system for the collection,
storage, and submittal of quality assurance records. The
(b) NDE reports per Tables NUM-I-8210-2 and
following records, as applicable, should be submitted
NUM-I-8210-3
to the owner or the owner’s designated representative:
(c) radiographic film per Tables NUM-I-8210-2 and
(a) records of high-strength bolt torquing
NUM-I-8210-3
(b) NDE reports and procedures
(d) wire rope breaking strength report(s) for hoisting
rope(s) (c) weld repair procedures and results
(e) breaking strength report(s) for hoist load chain(s) (d) weld fit-up reports
(f) hook load test reports (e) weld location diagrams
(g) shop no-load test report for crane or hoist (f) welding procedures
(h) approved supplier deviation requests (g) welding procedure qualification
(i) certificates of Conformance per (h) welding filler material reports, including heat and
Tables NUM-I-8210-2 and NUM-I-8210-3 lot numbers
(j) operating instructions outlining the step-by-step (i) welding material control procedures
procedures for system start-up, operation, and shut- (j) welder qualifications
down. Instructions should include a brief description of (k) data sheets or logs on equipment installation,
all equipment and its basic operating features and con- inspection, and alignment
trol philosophy (l) erection procedures
(k) maintenance instructions listing procedures, pos- (m) lubrication records
sible breakdowns, repairs, and troubleshooting guide (n) documentation of testing performed after installa-
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
(l) NEMA routine test reports for hoist motors tion and prior to equipment acceptance
(m) as-built drawings, including a complete list of (o) results of end-to-end electrical tests
equipment and material (p) instrument calibration results, including test
(n) training manuals (both operations and equipment
maintenance) (q) as-built drawings approved by owner
(o) recommended spare parts list (r) field audit reports
(p) weld filler material Certificates of Conformance, (s) field quality assurance manuals and daily reports
including heat or lot numbers (t) final inspection reports
(q) records of high-strength bolt torquing (u) nonconformance reports
(r) hardcopy and disk copy of installed (v) final system adjustment data
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) software (w) acceptance test procedures and results
program(s) (x) load test
ASME NUM-1–2009
NONMANDATORY APPENDIX B
EXAMPLES
NUM-B-1000 HOIST CLASS SELECTION EXAMPLES K is less than 0.65. A Class H3 hoist rated 5 ton would
(See Section NUM-G-3000) therefore be adequate to meet the requirements of the
application.
NUM-B-1100 Example No. 1
(a) Application: Hoist to be used for machine shop NUM-B-1400 Example No. 4
work, to operate no more than 10% of the time with no (a) Application: Basically the same as Example No. 3
more than 50 starts/hr and with randomly distributed except that the user has decided to purchase a 4-ton
loads. No unusually heavy work periods are expected. hoist.
(b) Selection: Review of Table NUM-G-3220-1 shows (b) Selection: Following the same procedure as in
that hoist utilization does not exceed that specified for Example No. 3
Class H2. Class H2 can be specified with no further
analysis needed. 3 3 3
Kp 冦冤冢7,500
8,000冣
ⴛ 0.5 + 冥 冤冢1,500
8,000冣
ⴛ 0.25 + 冥 冤冢8,000
0
冣
NUM-B-1200 Example No. 2 1⁄3
Kp
as randomly distributed. Therefore, choosing a hoist 2,000 2,000
directly from the Tables could lead to incorrect selection,
following the procedure outlined in NUM-A-1200. Ten- where
tatively select a Class H3 hoist, based on the 15-min K p 0.48
utilization time.
K is less than 0.65. Selection of the 1-ton hoist was
3 3 3 correct. Total lifting and lowering distance/hr p 6 ft ⴛ
Kp 冦冤冢10,000
7,500
冣 冥 冤冢10,000
ⴛ 0.5 +
1,500
冣 冥 冤冢10,000
ⴛ 0.25 +
0
冣 2 ⴛ 70 p 840 ft/hr. A hook speed of 30 ft/min is selected.
1⁄3 The resulting ON time per hour is
ⴛ 0.25 冥冧 840 ft/hr
p 28 min/hr
30 ft/min
where
K p 0.6 and requires a Class H4 hoist.
ASME NUM-1–2009
The user estimated that 4 starts are required per lift– included along with the weight of any dead
lower cycle resulting in 280 starts/hr, also requiring a load such as lifting attachments or devices.
Class H4 hoist.
Note that the selection of a 60 ft/min hook speed
NUM-B-2000 JIB SLEW DRIVE SAMPLE
would result in a 14 min/hr ON time, but the hoist
CALCULATION (See NUM-III-5422)
would still have to be Class H4 because of the 280 motor
starts/hr. The following examples illustrate determination of
For the above examples, see Table NUM-B-1500-1, as horsepower for slew drive motor for indoor and outdoor
well as the equations below. jib cranes.
Assumed example values
Total running time E p 0.9
HB p 1.5 ft
R p ⌺T HL p 5 ft
I p moment of inertia of load p WL ⴛ RL 2 p
Maximum number of starts/hr (22,000)(10)2 p 22 ⴛ 105 lb-ft2
Kt p 1.3
S p 2 ⴛ ⌺N
LB p 12 ft, boom length
K p (W 31P1 + W 32P2 + W 33P3 + . . . + W 3nPn)1⁄3 LL p 5 ft
N p 1.5 rpm
(If K > 0.65, pick a hoist with higher capacity C and PSF p 5 lb/ft2
recalculate.) RB p 6 ft, the radius to centroid of projected area
of the boom
where RL p 10 ft, maximum load radius
C p the rated load of the hoist WL p 22,000 lb (10-ton rated load plus 2,000-lb hoist
D p the distance the load is to be lifted, ft weight)
L p the load to be lifted, lb
N p the number of lifts/hr (a) Formulas and Calculations
P p T/R p load probability. Load probability is the Indoor crane
ratio of running time under each load magni-
tude condition to the hoist total running time. I N3 22 ⴛ 105(1.5)3
Required HP p p p 0.91 HP
The sum total of all load probabilities used 7 ⴛ 10 EKt
6
7 ⴛ 106(0.9)(1.3)
in the above equation must equal 1.0.
R p total hoist running time, min, for all tasks Outdoor crane
T p the running time of the hoist for each task p
Total required horsepower p HP + HPwind
(N ⴛ 2 ⴛ D)/V
task p the load to be lifted PSF [(Aboom)(RB) + (Aload)(RL)] N
V p HPwind p
hoist speed, ft/min 5,250EKt
W p load magnitude. Load magnitude is the ratio
of the hoist operating load to the hoist rated (Aboom ⴛ RB) + (Aload ⴛ RL)
load. Operation with no load must be p (LB ⴛ HB ⴛ RB) + (LL ⴛ HL ⴛ RL)
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`
ASME NUM-1–2009
p (12 ⴛ 1.5 ⴛ 6) + (5 ⴛ 5 ⴛ 10) For a drive train with a motor of moment of inertia,
p 358 Im, and an overall gear ratio, G,
1.5 ⴛ 358 ⴛ 5 I D p I m G2
HPwind p p 0.44 HP
5,250 ⴛ 0.9 ⴛ 1.3
where ID is the drive train moment of inertia about the
HP (from indoor crane calculation) p 0.91 HP final reduction in the gear train and
TN 0.2 2
HP p g (2,400)
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
5,250EKt ID
p p 0.066
I 12,000 2
g (38)
where
E p system efficiency
HP p horsepower A conservative ratio of ID ⁄ I p 0.1 can be used. The
Kt p torque factor (see Table NUM-III-8422.4-5) moment of inertia of the total system is then
N p rotational speed, rpm IT p I + IB + ID p I + 0.25I + 0.1I
T p torque, ft-lb
W
Also for rotary motion IT p 1.35I p 1.35 g (RL)2
冢2冣t
2
W1(LB)2 p 1⁄2 2
IB p 1⁄3 mr2 p ft-lb/sec2
3g
where
g p acceleration of gravity tp
冢180 冣 p 6.67 sec
2(20)
N冢 冣
I p moment of inertia of load 2 N
IB p moment of inertia of boom 60
ASME NUM-1–2009
Tp
IT
p
IT (N) 冢260 冣 Flange(comp) p
(135.61)12
207.7
p 7.83 ksi
t t
1
⁄2(3.65 + 1.14 + 11.5)
Txy(in web) p
6.67 W (0.461)(6.10 + 12.30 − 0.40 − 1.38)
tp and IT p 1.35 g (RL)2
N 8.145
p p 1.06 ksi
7.66
therefore
(b) Compute coefficients and stress girder section
Tp
W
冢 冣
1.35 g (RL)2
2
60 冢 冣
(N)
; g p 32.2
properties.
A-36 steel.
(a) Check for Case 2 loading (see NUM-III-8213; for single-web symmetrical section
bridge speed ≤ 200 fpm). Assume the following: 2a (2)(0.75)
(1) DLFB p 1.1 [see NUM-III-8212.1(d)(1)] p p p 0.271 in.
b − tw 6 − 0.461
(2) DLFT p 1.1, trolley speed ≤ 200 fpm
(3) HLF p 0.15 [see NUM-III-8212.1(d)(2)] coefficients (for tapered flange sections)
(4) IFD and SK are negligible and ignored
Cx0 p −1.096 + 1.095(0.271) + 0.192e−6.0(0.271)
(5) WLO p 0, indoor crane
--`,,`,,,,````,,,,`,,`,,,,``,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Cx0 p −0.762
DL(DLFB) p [(54.7 + 33.9)37.5]1.1 p 3.65 kips
Cx1 p 3.965 − 4.835(0.271) − 3.965e−2.675(0.271)
TL(DLFT) p (1.04)1.1 p 1.14 kips Cx1 p 0.734
ASME NUM-1–2009
P 3.16
p p 9.86 x p lat + 0.75 x0
2
(ta) 0.5662 x p 0 + 0.75(−7.52) p −5.64 ksi
P
x1 p Cx1 p 0.734(9.86) p 7.24 ksi xy p 0 ksi
(ta)2
J14309