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    fundamentals of AERODYNAMICS 3

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    Slide Iii

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    fundamentals of AERODYNAMICS 3

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    SLIDE III

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    fundamentals of AERODYNAMICS 3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views10 pages

    Slide Iii

    Uploaded by

    abdulkabeerismail
    fundamentals of AERODYNAMICS 3

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 10

    AAE 322

    APPLIED AIRPLANE AERODYNAMICS


    Presentation Slide III – Airplane Performance: Equations of Motion

    By
    Taofiq Amoloye
    Rain Semester, June 2021
    Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
    Kwara State University, Malete.
    Acknowledgement
    The bulk of material
    contained in these slides is
    from ‘Fundamentals of
    Aerodynamics’ and
    ‘Aircraft Performance and
    Design’ by John D.
    Anderson, Jr. . Unless
    otherwise specified, every
    material in this
    presentation can be
    assumed to be sourced
    from these textbooks.
    23-Jun-21 2
    Introductory thoughts

    23-Jun-21 3
    Introductory thoughts
    ⚫ In order to analyze the performance of the aircraft, we
    make use of its aerodynamics in terms of its drag polar
    and consider the propulsive device in terms of its thrust
    (or power) available and the specific fuel consumption.
    ⚫ The major concern here is the movement of the given
    airplane through the atmosphere insofar as it is responding
    to the four forces of flight.
    ⚫ The aircrafts movement is governed by the equations of
    motion.

    23-Jun-21 4
    The Four Forces of Flight
    Consider the four forces of flight as – lift (L), drag (D), weight (W) and thrust (T) as
    sketched in Fig. 4.1 (Ref:2) for a level flight and in Fig. 4.2 (Ref:2) for a the airplane
    Climbing (or descending) along a flight path inclined to the horizontal.
    All four forces are in the same plane, The vertical plane is still the plane of
    namely, the longitudinal plane of symmetry symmetry of the airplane.
    of the airplane which splits the airplane
    into two symmetric halves.
    Observe that while D is parallel to the
    freestream direction, T is generally
    inclined to the flight path.
    V∞ is inclined at an angle
    The level flight is by far the simplest
    to the horizontal. This is
    orientation of the airplane to analyze.
    the climb angle,θ.

    The direction of W is inclined at


    an angle to the vertical axis of the
    plane. This is the climb angle,θ.

    23-Jun-21 5
    The Four Forces of Flight
    Now from the orientation of the airplane shown in Fig. 4.2 (Ref:2), we rotate it about the
    longitudinal axis – the axis along the fuselage from the nose to the tail.
    Roll angle φ
    This means we are rolling (or banking) through
    a roll angle φ as shown in Fig. 4.3 (Ref:2).

    This is a more general orientation of the


    airplane in 3-Dimensional space , at an
    instantaneous climb angle θ and an
    instantaneous roll angle φ .

    Observe that the vertical plane perpendi-


    cular to the earth surface is no longer the
    plane of symmetry of the airplane.

    23-Jun-21 6
    The Equations of Motion
    To analyze the motion of the aircraft in Fig. 4.3, the whole aircraft can be represented as a
    point mass with all its mass concentrated at its centre of gravity as depicted in Fig. 4.4 (Ref:2).
    Consider the resolution of the forces on the aircraft
    into the components of the forces in the vertical plane
    perpendicular to the Earth’s surface in Fig. 4.4.
    Recall, Newton’s second law of motion.

    This is a vector equation which holds for the direc-


    tions parallel and perpendicular to the flight path.
    Considering the direction parallel to the flight path.

    23-Jun-21 7
    The Equations of Motion

    23-Jun-21 8
    The Equations of Motion
    Consider the resolution of the forces on the aircraft
    into the components of the forces in the horizontal
    plane perpendicular to the Earth’s surface in Fig. 4.5
    (Ref:2).
    The projection of the velocity vector of the aircraft
    to this horizontal plane is V∞cosθ. This is tangent
    to the projected flight path at the c.g. location as
    depicted in the figure.

    23-Jun-21 9
    References
    1. ‘Fundamentals of Aerodynamics’ (Fifth Edition) by
    John D. Anderson, Jr., McGraw Hill publishing
    company.
    2. ‘Aircraft Performance and Design’ by John D.
    Anderson, Jr., McGraw Hill publishing company.

    23-Jun-21 10

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