Som - I

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Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (GATE, IES, IAS)
Previous 20-Years GATE Questions
Stress in a bar due to self-weight

GATE-1. Two identical circular rods of same diameter and same length are subjected to same magnitude
of axial tensile force. One of the rods is made out of mild steel having the modulus of elasticity
of 206 GPa. The other rod is made out of cast iron having the modulus of elasticity of 100 GPa.
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Assume both the materials to be homogeneous and isotropic and the axial force causes the same
amount of uniform stress in both the rods. The stresses developed are within the proportional
limit of the respective materials. Which of the following observations is correct?[GATE-2003]
(a) Both rods elongate by the same amount
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(b) Mild steel rod elongates more than the cast iron rod
(c) Cast iron rod elongates more than the mild steel rod
(d) As the stresses are equal strains are also equal in both the rods
GATE-2. A steel bar of 40 mm × 40 mm square cross-section is subjected to an axial compressive load of
.
200 kN. If the length of the bar is 2 m and E = 200 GPa, the elongation of the bar will be:
(a) 1.25 mm (b) 2.70 mm

tas (c) 4.05 mm
[GATE-2006]
(d) 5.40 mm
True stress and true strain

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GATE-3. The ultimate tensile strength of a material is 400 MPa and the elongation up to maximum load
is 35%. If the material obeys power law of hardening, then the true stress-true strain relation
(stress in MPa) in the plastic deformation range is: [GATE-2006]
(a)   540 0.30 (b)   775 0.30 (c)   540 0.35 (d)   775 0.35
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Elasticity and Plasticity

GATE-4. An axial residual compressive stress due to a manufacturing process is present on the outer
surface of a rotating shaft subjected to bending. Under a given bending load, the fatigue life of
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the shaft in the presence of the residual compressive stress is: [GATE-2008]
(a) Decreased
(b) Increased or decreased, depending on the external bending load
(c) Neither decreased nor increased
(d) Increased
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GATE-5. A static load is mounted at the centre of a shaft rotating at uniform angular velocity. This shaft
will be designed for [GATE-2002]
(a) The maximum compressive stress (static) (b) The maximum tensile stress (static)
(c) The maximum bending moment (static) (d) Fatigue loading
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GATE-6. Fatigue strength of a rod subjected to cyclic axial force is less than that of a rotating beam of
the same dimensions subjected to steady lateral force because
(a) Axial stiffness is less than bending stiffness [GATE-1992]
(b) Of absence of centrifugal effects in the rod
(c) The number of discontinuities vulnerable to fatigue are more in the rod
(d) At a particular time the rod has only one type of stress whereas the beam has both the
tensile and compressive stresses.
For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 21 of 431
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Relation between the Elastic Modulii

GATE-7. A rod of length L and diameter D is subjected to a tensile load P. Which of the following is
sufficient to calculate the resulting change in diameter?
(a) Young's modulus (b) Shear modulus [GATE-2008]
(c) Poisson's ratio (d) Both Young's modulus and shear modulus
GATE-8. In terms of Poisson's ratio (µ) the ratio of Young's Modulus (E) to Shear Modulus (G) of elastic
materials is [GATE-2004]
1 1
(a) 2(1   ) (b) 2(1   ) (c) (1   ) (d ) (1   )
2 2
GATE-9. The relationship between Young's modulus (E), Bulk modulus (K) and Poisson's ratio (µ) is
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given by: [GATE-2002]
(a) E  3 K 1  2  (b) K  3 E 1  2 
(c) E  3 K 1    (d) K  3 E 1  
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Stresses in compound strut
GATE-10. In a bolted joint two members are
.
connected with an axial tightening
force of 2200 N. If the bolt used has
metric threads of 4 mm pitch, then
torque required for achieving the
tightening force is
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(a) 0.7Nm (b) 1.0 Nm
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(c) 1.4Nm (d) 2.8Nm
[GATE-2004]
GATE-11. The figure below shows a steel rod of 25 mm 2 cross sectional area. It is loaded at four points, K,
L, M and N. [GATE-2004, IES 1995, 1997, 1998]
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Assume Esteel = 200 GPa. The total change in length of the rod due to loading is:
(a) 1 µm (b) -10 µm (c) 16 µm (d) -20 µm
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GATE-12. A bar having a cross-sectional area of 700mm2 is subjected to axial loads at the positions
indicated. The value of stress in the segment QR is: [GATE-2006]
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P Q R S
(a) 40 MPa (b) 50 MPa (c) 70 MPa (d) 120 MPa
F.B.D

GATE-13. An ejector mechanism consists of a
helical compression spring having a
spring constant of K = 981 × 103 N/m. It
is pre-compressed by 100 mm from its
free state. If it is used to eject a mass of
100 kg held on it, the mass will move up
through a distance of
(a) 100mm (b) 500mm
(c) 981 mm (d) 1000mm
[GATE-2004]
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GATE-14. The figure shows a pair of pin-jointed
gripper-tongs holding an object weighing
2000 N. The co-efficient of friction (µ) at
the gripping surface is 0.1 XX is the line
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of action of the input force and YY is the
line of application of gripping force. If the
pin-joint is assumed to be frictionless,
then magnitude of force F required to hold
the weight is:
.
(a) 1000 N
(b) 2000 N
(c) 2500 N
(d) 5000 N
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[GATE-2004]
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GATE-15. A uniform, slender cylindrical rod is made of a homogeneous and isotropic material. The rod
rests on a frictionless surface. The rod is heated uniformly. If the radial and longitudinal
thermal stresses are represented by σr and σz, respectively, then [GATE-2005]
(a)  r  0,  z  0 (b)  r  0,  z  0 (c)  r  0,  z  0 ( d )  r  0,  z  0
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Thermal Effect
GATE-15(i). A solid steel cube constrained on all six faces is heated so that the temperature
rises uniformly by ΔT. If the thermal coefficient of the material is α, Young‟s
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modulus is E and the Poisson‟s ratio is  , the thermal stress developed in the cube
due to heating is
  T  E 2  T  E 3  T  E   T  E
(a)  (b)  (c )  (d )  [GATE-2012]
1  2  1  2  1  2  3 1  2 
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Tensile Test
GATE-16. A test specimen is stressed slightly beyond the yield point and then unloaded. Its yield strength
will [GATE-1995]
(a) Decrease (b) Increase
(c) Remains same (d) Becomes equal to ultimate tensile strength

GATE-17. Under repeated loading a material
has the stress-strain curve shown
in figure, which of the following
statements is true?
(a) The smaller the shaded area,
the better the material damping
(b) The larger the shaded area, the
better the material damping
(c) Material damping is an
independent material property
and does not depend on this
curve
(d) None of these
[GATE-1999]
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Previous 20-Years IES Questions
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IES-1. A solid uniform metal bar of diameter D and length L is hanging vertically from its upper end.
.
The elongation of the bar due to self weight is: [IES-2005]
(c)
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(a) Proportional to L and inversely proportional to D2
(b) Proportional to L2 and inversely proportional to D2
Proportional of L but independent of D
(d) Proportional of U but independent of D
IES-2. The deformation of a bar under its own weight as compared to that when subjected to a direct
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axial load equal to its own weight will be: [IES-1998]
(a) The same (b) One-fourth (c) Half (d) Double
IES-3. A rigid beam of negligible weight is supported in a horizontal position by two rods of steel and
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aluminum, 2 m and 1 m long having values of cross - sectional areas 1 cm2 and 2 cm2 and E of
200 GPa and 100 GPa respectively. A load P is applied as shown in the figure [IES-2002]
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If the rigid beam is to remain horizontal then

(a) The forces on both sides should be equal
(b) The force on aluminum rod should be twice the force on steel
(c) The force on the steel rod should be twice the force on aluminum
(d) The force P must be applied at the centre of the beam
Bar of uniform strength

IES-4. Which one of the following statements is correct? [IES 2007]
A beam is said to be of uniform strength, if
(a) The bending moment is the same throughout the beam

(b) The shear stress is the same throughout the beam
(c) The deflection is the same throughout the beam
(d) The bending stress is the same at every section along its longitudinal axis
IES-5. Which one of the following statements is correct? [IES-2006]

Beams of uniform strength vary in section such that
(a) bending moment remains constant (b) deflection remains constant
(c) maximum bending stress remains constant (d) shear force remains constant
IES-6. For bolts of uniform strength, the shank diameter is made equal to [IES-2003]
(a) Major diameter of threads (b) Pitch diameter of threads
(c) Minor diameter of threads (d) Nominal diameter of threads
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IES-7. A bolt of uniform strength can be developed by [IES-1995]
(a) Keeping the core diameter of threads equal to the diameter of unthreaded portion of the
bolt
(b) Keeping the core diameter smaller than the diameter of the unthreaded portion
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(c) Keeping the nominal diameter of threads equal the diameter of unthreaded portion of the
bolt
(d) One end fixed and the other end free
IES-7a. In a bolt of uniform strength:
.
(a) Nominal diameter of thread is equal to the diameter of shank of the bolt
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(b) Nominal diameter of thread is larger than the diameter of shank of the bolt
(c) Nominal diameter of thread is less than the diameter of shank of the bolt
(d) Core diameter of threads is equal to the diameter of shank of the bolt.
[IES-2011]
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Elongation of a Taper Rod
IES-8. Two tapering bars of the same material are subjected to a tensile load P. The lengths of both the
bars are the same. The larger diameter of each of the bars is D. The diameter of the bar A at its
smaller end is D/2 and that of the bar B is D/3. What is the ratio of elongation of the bar A to
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that of the bar B? [IES-2006]

(a) 3 : 2 (b) 2: 3 (c) 4 : 9 (d) 1: 3
IES-9. A bar of length L tapers uniformly from diameter 1.1 D at one end to 0.9 D at the other end. The
elongation due to axial pull is computed using mean diameter D. What is the approximate error
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in computed elongation? [IES-2004]

(a) 10% (b) 5% (c) 1% (d) 0.5%
IES-10. The stretch in a steel rod of circular section, having a length 'l' subjected to a tensile load' P' and
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tapering uniformly from a diameter d 1 at one end to a diameter d2 at the other end, is given
[IES-1995]
Pl pl. pl. 4 pl
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 Ed1d 2 Ed1d 2 4 Ed1d 2  Ed1d 2
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IES-11. A tapering bar (diameters of end sections being d 1 and d2 a bar of uniform cross-section ‟d‟ have
the same length and are subjected the same axial pull. Both the bars will have the same
extension if‟d‟ is equal to [IES-1998]
d1  d 2 d1d 2 d1  d 2
a  b d1d 2 c  d 
2 2 2
IES-11(i). A rod of length l tapers uniformly from a diameter D at one end to a diameter d at the other.
The Young‟s modulus of the material is E. The extension caused by an axial load P is
[IES-2012]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( )
Poisson’s ratio
IES-12. In the case of an engineering material under unidirectional stress in the x-direction, the
Poisson's ratio is equal to (symbols have the usual meanings)
[IAS 1994, IES-2000]
y y y y
(a) (b) (c) (d)
x x x x
IES-13. Which one of the following is correct in respect of Poisson's ratio (v) limits for an isotropic elastic
solid? [IES-2004]
(a)   (b) 1/ 4  1/ 3 (c) 1 1/ 2 (d) 1/ 2  1/ 2
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IES-14. Match List-I (Elastic properties of an isotropic elastic material) with List-II (Nature of strain
produced) and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists: [IES-1997]
List-I List-II
A. Young's modulus 1. Shear strain
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B. Modulus of rigidity 2. Normal strain
C. Bulk modulus 3. Transverse strain
D. Poisson's ratio 4. Volumetric strain
Codes: A B C D A B C D
.
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 1 3 4
(c) 2 1 4 3 (d) 1 2 4 3
IES-15.
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If the value of Poisson's ratio is zero, then it means that
(a) The material is rigid.
[IES-1994]
(b) The material is perfectly plastic.

(c) There is no longitudinal strain in the material
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(d) The longitudinal strain in the material is infinite.
IES-16. Which of the following is true (µ= Poisson's ratio) [IES-1992]

(a) 0    1/ 2 (b) 1    0 (c) 1    1 (d)     
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IES-16a. If a piece of material neither expands nor contracts in volume when subjected to stress, then the
Poisson‟s ratio must be
(a) Zero (b) 0.25 (c) 0.33 (d) 0.5 [IES-2011]
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IES-17. If the area of cross-section of a wire is circular and if the radius of this circle decreases to half
its original value due to the stretch of the wire by a load, then the modulus of elasticity of the
wire be: [IES-1993]
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(a) One-fourth of its original value (b) Halved (c) Doubled (d) Unaffected
IES-18. The relationship between the Lame‟s constant „λ‟, Young‟s modulus „E‟ and the Poisson‟s ratio „μ‟
[IES-1997]
E E E E
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a    (b )   c   d   
1   1  2  1  2 1    1  1   
IES-19. Which of the following pairs are correctly matched? [IES-1994]
1. Resilience…………… Resistance to deformation.
2. Malleability …………..Shape change.
3. Creep ........................ Progressive deformation.
4. Plasticity .... ………….Permanent deformation.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Codes: (a) 2, 3 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4

IES-19a Match List – I with List - II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
[IES-2011]
List –I List –II
A. Elasticity 1. Deform non-elastically without fracture
B. Malleability 2. Undergo plastic deformation under tensile load
C. Ductility 3. Undergo plastic deformation under compressive load
D. Plasticity 4. Return to its original shape on unloading
Codes A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 4 2 3 1
(c) 1 3 2 4 (d) 4 3 2 1
IES-19b. Assertion (A): Plastic deformation is a function of applied stress, temperature and strain rate.
[IES-2010]
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Reason (R): Plastic deformation is accompanied by change in both the internal and external
state of the material.
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
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(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
Creep and fatigue
.
IES-20. What is the phenomenon of progressive extension of the material i.e., strain increasing with the
time at a constant load, called?
(a) Plasticity
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(b) Yielding (b) Creeping
[IES 2007]
(d) Breaking
IES-21. The correct sequence of creep deformation in a creep curve in order of their elongation is:[IES-
2001]
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(a) Steady state, transient, accelerated (b) Transient, steady state, accelerated
(c) Transient, accelerated, steady state (d) Accelerated, steady state, transient
IES-22. The highest stress that a material can withstand for a specified length of time without excessive
deformation is called [IES-1997]
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(a) Fatigue strength (b) Endurance strength

(c) Creep strength (d) Creep rupture strength
IES-23. Which one of the following features improves the fatigue strength of a metallic material?[IES-
2000]
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(a) Increasing the temperature (b) Scratching the surface

(c) Overstressing (d) Under stressing
IES-24. Consider the following statements: [IES-1993]

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For increasing the fatigue strength of welded joints it is necessary to employ

1. Grinding 2. Coating 3. Hammer peening
Of the above statements
(a) 1 and 2 are correct (b) 2 and 3 are correct
(c) 1 and 3 are correct (d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
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IES-25. For a linearly elastic, isotropic and homogeneous material, the number of elastic constants
required to relate stress and strain is: [IAS 1994; IES-1998]
(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Six
IES-26. E, G, K and μ represent the elastic modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and Poisson's ratio
respectively of a linearly elastic, isotropic and homogeneous material. To express the stress-
strain relations completely for this material, at least [IES-2006]
(a) E, G and μ must be known (b) E, K and μ must be known
(c) Any two of the four must be known (d) All the four must be known

IES-27. The number of elastic constants for a completely anisotropic elastic material which follows
Hooke's law is: [IES-1999]
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 21 (d) 25
IES-28. What are the materials which show direction dependent properties, called?
(a) Homogeneous materials (b) Viscoelastic materials [IES 2007, IES-2011]
(c) Isotropic materials (d) Anisotropic materials
IES-29. An orthotropic material, under plane stress condition will have: [IES-2006]
(a) 15 independent elastic constants (b) 4 independent elastic constants
(c) 5 independent elastic constants (d) 9 independent elastic constants
IES-30. Match List-I (Properties) with List-II (Units) and select the correct answer using the codes
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given below the lists: [IES-2001]
List I List II
A. Dynamic viscosity 1. Pa
B. Kinematic viscosity 2. m2/s
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C. Torsional stiffness 3. Ns/m2
D. Modulus of rigidity 4. N/m
(a) 3 2 4 1 (b) 5 2 4 3
(b) 3 4 2 3 (d) 5 4 2 1
.
IES-31. tas
Young's modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of a material are 1.25 × 105 MPa and 0.34
respectively. The modulus of rigidity of the material is:
[IAS 1994, IES-1995, 2001, 2002, 2007]
(a) 0.4025 ×105 Mpa (b) 0.4664 × 105 Mpa
(c) 0.8375 × 105 MPa (d) 0.9469 × 105 MPa
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IES-32. In a homogenous, isotropic elastic material, the modulus of elasticity E in terms of G and K is
equal to [IAS-1995, IES - 1992]
G  3K 3G  K 9 KG 9 KG
(a) (b) (c) (d)
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9 KG 9 KG G  3K K  3G
IES-33. What is the relationship between the linear elastic properties Young's modulus (E), rigidity
modulus (G) and bulk modulus (K)? [IES-2008]
1 9 3 3 9 1 9 3 1 9 1 3
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d)  
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E K G E K G E K G E K G
IES-34. What is the relationship between the liner elastic properties Young‟s modulus (E), rigidity
modulus (G) and bulk modulus (K)? [IES-2009]
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KG 9KG 9 KG 9 KG
(a) E (b) E (c) E (d) E
9K  G K G K  3G 3K  G
IES-35. If E, G and K denote Young's modulus, Modulus of rigidity and Bulk Modulus, respectively, for
an elastic material, then which one of the following can be possibly true? [IES-2005]
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(a) G = 2K (b) G = E (c) K = E (d) G = K = E
IES-36. If a material had a modulus of elasticity of 2.1 × 106 kgf/cm2 and a modulus of rigidity of 0.8 ×
106 kgf/cm2 then the approximate value of the Poisson's ratio of the material would be:[IES-
1993]
(a) 0.26 (b) 0.31 (c) 0.47 (d) 0.5
IES-37. The modulus of elasticity for a material is 200 GN/m2 and Poisson's ratio is 0.25.
What is the modulus of rigidity? [IES-2004]
(a) 80 GN/m2 (b) 125 GN/m2 (c) 250 GN/m2 (d) 320 GN/m2
IES-38. Consider the following statements: [IES-2009]

1. Two-dimensional stresses applied to a thin plate in its own plane represent the plane
stress condition.
2. Under plane stress condition, the strain in the direction perpendicular to the plane is
zero.
3. Normal and shear stresses may occur simultaneously on a plane.
Which of the above statements is /are correct?
(a) 1 only (b) 1 and 2 (c) 2 and 3 (d) 1 and 3

IES-39. Eight bolts are to be selected for fixing the cover plate of a cylinder subjected to a maximum
load of 980·175 kN. If the design stress for the bolt material is 315 N/mm 2, what is the diameter
of each bolt? [IES-2008]
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(a) 10 mm (b) 22 mm (c) 30 mm (d) 36 mm
IES-40. For a composite consisting of a bar enclosed inside a tube of another material when compressed
under a load 'w' as a whole through rigid collars at the end of the bar. The equation of
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compatibility is given by (suffixes 1 and 2) refer to bar and tube respectively [IES-1998]
W1 W W1 W
(a) W1  W2  W (b) W1  W2  Const. (c )  2 (d )  2
A1 E1 A2 E2 A1 E2 A2 E1
IES-41. When a composite unit consisting of a steel rod surrounded by a cast iron tube is subjected to an
.
axial load. [IES-2000]
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Assertion (A): The ratio of normal stresses induced in both the materials is equal to the ratio of
Young's moduli of respective materials.
Reason (R): The composite unit of these two materials is firmly fastened together at the ends to
ensure equal deformation in both the materials.
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(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
IES-42. The figure below shows a steel rod of 25 mm 2 cross sectional area. It is loaded at four points, K,
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L, M and N. [GATE-2004, IES 1995, 1997, 1998]

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Assume Esteel = 200 GPa. The total change in length of the rod due to loading is
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(a) 1 µm (b) -10 µm (c) 16 µm (d) -20 µm
IES-43. The reactions at the rigid

supports at A and B for the
bar loaded as shown in the
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figure are respectively.

(a) 20/3 kN,10/3 kN
(b) 10/3 kN, 20/3 kN
(c) 5 kN, 5 kN
(d) 6 kN, 4 kN
[IES-2002, IES-2011; IAS-2003]
IES-44. Which one of the following is correct? [IES-2008]

When a nut is tightened by placing a washer below it, the bolt will be subjected to
(a) Compression only (b) Tension
(c) Shear only (d) Compression and shear
IES-45. Which of the following stresses are associated with the tightening of nut on a bolt?[IES-1998]
1. Tensile stress due to the stretching of bolt
2. Bending stress due to the bending of bolt
3. Crushing and shear stresses in threads
4. Torsional shear stress due to frictional resistance between the nut and the bolt.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below
Codes: (a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3 (c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 3 and 4
Thermal effect
IES-46. A 100 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm steel bar free to expand is heated from 15°C to 40°C. What shall be
developed? [IES-2008]
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(a) Tensile stress (b) Compressive stress (c) Shear stress (d) No stress
IES-47. Which one of the following statements is correct? [GATE-1995; IES 2007, 2011]
If a material expands freely due to heating, it will develop
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(a) Thermal stress (b) Tensile stress (c) Compressive stress (d) No stress
IES-48. A cube having each side of length a, is constrained in all directions and is heated uniformly so
that the temperature is raised to T°C. If α is the thermal coefficient of expansion of the cube
material and E the modulus of elasticity, the stress developed in the cube is: [IES-2003]
.
 TE  TE  TE  TE
IES-49.
(a)

(b)
1  2 
Consider the following statements:
tas (c)
2
(d)
1  2 
[IES-2002]
Thermal stress is induced in a component in general, when
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1. A temperature gradient exists in the component
2. The component is free from any restraint
3. It is restrained to expand or contract freely
Which of the above statements are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 (b) 2 and 3 (c) 3 alone (d) 2 alone
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IES-50. A steel rod 10 mm in diameter and 1m long is heated from 20°C to 120°C, E = 200 GPa and α =
12 × 10-6 per °C. If the rod is not free to expand, the thermal stress developed is:[IAS-2003, IES-
1997, 2000, 2006]
(a) 120 MPa (tensile) (b) 240 MPa (tensile)
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(c) 120 MPa (compressive) (d) 240 MPa (compressive)
IES-51. A cube with a side length of 1 cm is heated uniformly 1° C above the room temperature and all
the sides are free to expand. What will be the increase in volume of the cube? (Given coefficient
of thermal expansion is α per °C)
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(a) 3 α cm3 (b) 2 α cm3 (c) α cm3 (d) zero [IES-2004]
IES-52. A bar of copper and steel form a composite system. [IES-2004, 2012]
They are heated to a temperature of 40 ° C. What type of stress is induced in the copper bar?
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(a) Tensile (b) Compressive (c) Both tensile and compressive (d) Shear
IES-53. α =12.5×10-6 / o C, E = 200 GPa If the rod fitted strongly between the supports as shown in the
figure, is heated, the stress induced in it due to 20oC rise in temperature will be:[IES-1999]
(a) 0.07945 MPa (b) -0.07945 MPa (c) -0.03972 MPa (d) 0.03972 MPa
IES-54. The temperature stress is a function of [IES-1992]

1. Coefficient of linear expansion 2. Temperature rise 3. Modulus of elasticity
m
The correct answer is:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2 and 3
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Impact loading
IES-55. Assertion (A): Ductile materials generally absorb more impact loading than a brittle material
[IES-2004]
Reason (R): Ductile materials generally have higher ultimate strength than brittle materials
.

tas
IES-56. Assertion (A): Specimens for impact testing are never notched. [IES-1999]
Reason (R): A notch introduces tri-axial tensile stresses which cause brittle fracture.
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Tensile Test
IES-57. During tensile-testing of a specimen using a Universal Testing Machine, the parameters
actually measured include [IES-1996]
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(a) True stress and true strain (b) Poisson‟s ratio and Young's modulus
(c) Engineering stress and engineering strain (d) Load and elongation
IES-58. In a tensile test, near the elastic limit zone [IES-2006]

(a) Tensile stress increases at a faster rate
w.
(b) Tensile stress decreases at a faster rate

(c) Tensile stress increases in linear proportion to the stress
(d) Tensile stress decreases in linear proportion to the stress
IES-59. Match List-I (Types of Tests and Materials) with List-II (Types of Fractures) and select the
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correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List I List-II [IES-2002; IAS-2004]
(Types of Tests and Materials) (Types of Fractures)
A. Tensile test on CI 1. Plain fracture on a transverse plane
B. Torsion test on MS 2. Granular helecoidal fracture
C. Tensile test on MS 3. Plain granular at 45° to the axis
D. Torsion test on CI 4. Cup and Cone
5. Granular fracture on a transverse plane
Codes:
A B C D A B C D
(a) 4 2 3 1 (c) 4 1 3 2
(b) 5 1 4 2 (d) 5 2 4 1

IES-60. Which of the following materials generally exhibits a yield point? [IES-2003]
(a) Cast iron (b) Annealed and hot-rolled mild steel
(c) Soft brass (d) Cold-rolled steel
IES-61. For most brittle materials, the ultimate strength in compression is much large then the
ultimate strength in tension. The is mainly due to [IES-1992]
(a) Presence of flaws and microscopic cracks or cavities
(b) Necking in tension
(c) Severity of tensile stress as compared to compressive stress
(d) Non-linearity of stress-strain diagram
IES-61(i). A copper rod 400 mm long is pulled in tension to a length of 401.2 mm by applying a tensile load
of 330 MPa. If the deformation is entirely elastic, the Young‟s modulus of copper is
m
[IES-2012]
(a) 110 GPA (b) 110 MPa (c) 11 GPa (d) 11 MPa
IES-62. What is the safe static tensile load for a M36 × 4C bolt of mild steel having yield stress of 280
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MPa and a factor of safety 1.5? [IES-2005]
(a) 285 kN (b) 190 kN (c) 142.5 kN (d) 95 kN
IES-63. Which one of the following properties is more sensitive to increase in strain rate?[IES-2000]
(a) Yield strength (b) Proportional limit (c) Elastic limit (d) Tensile strength
.
IES-64. tas
A steel hub of 100 mm internal diameter and uniform thickness of 10 mm was heated to a
temperature of 300oC to shrink-fit it on a shaft. On cooling, a crack developed parallel to the
direction of the length of the hub. Consider the following factors in this regard:[IES-1994]
1. Tensile hoop stress 2. Tensile radial stress
3. Compressive hoop stress 4. Compressive radial stress
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The cause of failure is attributable to
(a) 1 alone (b) 1 and 3 (c) 1, 2 and 4 (d) 2, 3 and 4
IES-65. If failure in shear along 45° planes is to be avoided, then a material subjected to uniaxial
tension should have its shear strength equal to at least [IES-1994]
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(a) Tensile strength (b) Compressive strength

(c) Half the difference between the tensile and compressive strengths.
(d) Half the tensile strength.
IES-66. Select the proper sequence [IES-1992]

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1. Proportional Limit 2. Elastic limit 3. Yielding 4. Failure

(a) 2, 3, 1, 4 (b) 2, 1, 3, 4 (c) 1, 3, 2, 4 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4
IES-67. Elastic limit of cast iron as compared to its ultimate breaking strength is
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(a) Half (b) Double [IES-2012]

(c) Approximately (d) None of the above
IES-68. Statement (I): Steel reinforcing bars are used in reinforced cement concrete.
Statement (II): Concrete is weak in compression. [IES-2012]
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(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct
explanation of Statement (I)
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is not the
correct explanation of Statement (I)
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Previous 20-Years IAS Questions

IAS-1. A heavy uniform rod of length 'L' and material density 'δ' is hung vertically with its top end
rigidly fixed. How is the total elongation of the bar under its own weight expressed?[IAS-2007]
2 L2 g  L2 g  L2 g  L2 g
(a) (b) (c) (d)
E E 2E 2E
IAS-2. A rod of length 'l' and cross-section area „A‟ rotates about an axis passing through one end of the
rod. The extension produced in the rod due to centrifugal forces is (w is the weight of the rod per
m
unit length and  is the angular velocity of rotation of the rod). [IAS 1994]
wl 2  2 wl 3  2 wl 3 3gE
(a) (b) (c) (d)
gE 3 gE gE  2 wl 3
co
Elongation of a Taper Rod
IAS-3. A rod of length, "  " tapers uniformly from a diameter ''D1' to a diameter ''D2' and carries an
.
axial tensile load of "P". The extension of the rod is (E represents the modulus of elasticity of the
material of the rod) [IAS-1996]
(a)
4 P1
 ED1 D2
(b)
4 PE1
 D1 D2
tas (c)
 EP1
4 D1D2
(d)
 P1
4 ED1D2
Poisson’s ratio
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IAS-4. In the case of an engineering material under unidirectional stress in the x-direction, the
Poisson's ratio is equal to (symbols have the usual meanings)
[IAS 1994, IES-2000]
y y y y
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(a) (b) (c) (d)

x x x x
IAS-5. Assertion (A): Poisson's ratio of a material is a measure of its ductility.

Reason (R): For every linear strain in the direction of force, Poisson's ratio of the material gives
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the lateral strain in directions perpendicular to the direction of force. [IAS-1999]

w.
IAS-6. Assertion (A): Poisson's ratio is a measure of the lateral strain in all direction perpendicular to
and in terms of the linear strain. [IAS-1997]
Reason (R): The nature of lateral strain in a uni-axially loaded bar is opposite to that of the
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linear strain.

IAS-7. A weight falls on a plunger fitted in a container filled with oil thereby producing a pressure of
1.5 N/mm2 in the oil. The Bulk Modulus of oil is 2800 N/mm 2. Given this situation, the
volumetric compressive strain produced in the oil will be: [IAS-1997]
(a) 400 × 10-6 (b) 800 × 106 (c) 268 × 106 (d) 535 × 10-6

IAS-8. For a linearly elastic, isotropic and homogeneous material, the number of elastic constants
required to relate stress and strain is: [IAS 1994; IES-1998]
(a) Two (b) Three (c) Four (d) Six
IAS-9. The independent elastic constants for a homogenous and isotropic material are
(a) E, G, K, v (b) E, G, K (c) E, G, v (d) E, G [IAS-1995]
IAS-10. The unit of elastic modulus is the same as those of [IAS 1994]
(a) Stress, shear modulus and pressure (b) Strain, shear modulus and force
(c) Shear modulus, stress and force (d) Stress, strain and pressure.
m
IAS-11. Young's modulus of elasticity and Poisson's ratio of a material are 1.25 × 105 MPa and 0.34
respectively. The modulus of rigidity of the material is:
[IAS 1994, IES-1995, 2001, 2002, 2007]
(a) 0.4025 × 105 MPa (b) 0.4664 × 105 MPa
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(c) 0.8375 × 105 MPa (d) 0.9469 × 105 MPa
IAS-12. The Young's modulus of elasticity of a material is 2.5 times its modulus of rigidity. The Posson's
ratio for the material will be: [IAS-1997]
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.33 (c) 0.50 (d) 0.75
.
IAS-13.
equal to
(a)
G  3K
(b)
3G  K
tas
In a homogenous, isotropic elastic material, the modulus of elasticity E in terms of G and K is
(c)
9 KG
[IAS-1995, IES - 1992]
(d)
9 KG
9 KG 9 KG G  3K K  3G
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IAS-14. The Elastic Constants E and K are related as (  is the Poisson‟s ratio) [IAS-1996]
(a) E = 2k (1 – 2  ) (b) E = 3k (1- 2  ) (c) E = 3k (1 +  ) (d) E = 2K(1 + 2  )
IAS-15. For an isotropic, homogeneous and linearly elastic material, which obeys Hooke's law, the
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number of independent elastic constant is: [IAS-2000]

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 6
IAS-16. The moduli of elasticity and rigidity of a material are 200 GPa and 80 GPa, respectively. What
is the value of the Poisson's ratio of the material? [IAS-2007]
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(a) 0·30 (b) 0·26 (c) 0·25 (d) 0·24

w.
IAS-17. The reactions at the rigid supports at A and B for the bar loaded as shown in the figure are
respectively. [IES-2002; IAS-2003]
(a) 20/3 kN,10/3 Kn (b) 10/3 kN, 20/3 kN (c) 5 kN, 5 kN (d) 6 kN, 4 kN
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Thermal effect
IAS-18. A steel rod 10 mm in diameter and 1m long is heated from 20°C to 120°C, E = 200 GPa and α =
12 × 10-6 per °C. If the rod is not free to expand, the thermal stress developed is:[IAS-2003, IES-
1997, 2000, 2006]
(a) 120 MPa (tensile) (b) 240 MPa (tensile)
(c) 120 MPa (compressive) (d) 240 MPa (compressive)
A. steel rod of diameter 1 cm and 1 m long is heated from 20°C to 120°C. Its   12 10 / K
6
IAS-19.
and E=200 GN/m2. If the rod is free to expand, the thermal stress developed in it is:[IAS-2002]
(a) 12 × 104 N/m2 (b) 240 kN/m2 (c) zero (d) infinity
IAS-20. Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched? [IAS-1999]
m
(E = Young's modulus, α = Coefficient of linear expansion, T = Temperature rise, A = Area of
cross-section, l= Original length)
(a) Temperature strain with permitted expansion  ….. ( Tl   )
TE
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(b) Temperature stress …..
(c) Temperature thrust ….. TEA
E (Tl   )
(d) Temperature stress with permitted expansion …..
l
.
Impact loading
IAS-21.
tas
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
[IAS-1995]
List I (Property) List II (Testing Machine)
A. Tensile strength 1. Rotating Bending Machine
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B. Impact strength 2. Three-Point Loading Machine
C. Bending strength 3. Universal Testing Machine
D. Fatigue strength 4. Izod Testing Machine
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(a) 4 3 2 1 (b) 3 2 1 4
(c) 2 1 4 3 (d) 3 4 2 1
Tensile Test
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IAS-22. A mild steel specimen is tested in tension up to fracture in a Universal Testing Machine. Which
of the following mechanical properties of the material can be evaluated from such a test?[IAS-
2007]
1. Modulus of elasticity 2. Yield stress 3. Ductility
4. Tensile strength 5. Modulus of rigidity
w.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1, 3, 5 and 6 (b) 2, 3, 4 and 6 (c) 1, 2, 5 and 6 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
IAS-23. In a simple tension test, Hooke's law is valid upto the [IAS-1998]
(a) Elastic limit (b) Limit of proportionality (c) Ultimate stress (d) Breaking point
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IAS-24. Lueder' lines on steel specimen under simple tension test is a direct indication of yielding of
material due to slip along the plane [IAS-1997]
(a) Of maximum principal stress (b) Off maximum shear
(c) Of loading (d) Perpendicular to the direction of loading
IAS-25. The percentage elongation of a material as obtained from static tension test depends upon the
[IAS-1998]
(a) Diameter of the test specimen (b) Gauge length of the specimen
(c) Nature of end-grips of the testing machine (d) Geometry of the test specimen
IAS-26. Match List-I (Types of Tests and Materials) with List-II (Types of Fractures) and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List I List-II [IES-2002; IAS-2004]
(Types of Tests and Materials) (Types of Fractures)
A. Tensile test on CI 1. Plain fracture on a transverse plane
B. Torsion test on MS 2. Granular helecoidal fracture
C. Tensile test on MS 3. Plain granular at 45° to the axis
D. Torsion test on CI 4. Cup and Cone
5. Granular fracture on a transverse plane
(a) 4 2 3 1 (c) 4 1 3 2
(b) 5 1 4 2 (d) 5 2 4 1
IAS-27. Assertion (A): For a ductile material stress-strain curve is a straight line up to the yield point.
[IAS-2003]
m
Reason (R): The material follows Hooke's law up to the point of proportionality.
co
IAS-28. Assertion (A): Stress-strain curves for brittle material do not exhibit yield point.[IAS-1996]
Reason (R): Brittle materials fail without yielding.
.
tas
IAS-29. Match List I (Materials) with List II (Stress-Strain curves) and select the correct answer using
the codes given below the Lists: [IAS-2001]
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Ci
w.
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(a) 3 1 4 1 (b) 3 2 4 2
(c) 2 4 3 1 (d) 4 1 3 2
IAS-30. The stress-strain curve of an ideal elastic strain hardening material will be as
[IAS-1998]
IAS-31. An idealised stress-strain curve for a perfectly plastic material is given by
m
co
[IAS-1996]
.
IAS-32. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the Lists:
List I
A. Ultimate strength
B. Natural strain
List II
tas
1. Internal structure
[IAS-2002]
2. Change of length per unit instantaneous length

C. Conventional strain 3. Change of length per unit gauge length
D. Stress 4. Load per unit area
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(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 4 3 2 1
(c) 1 3 2 4 (d) 4 2 3 1
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IAS-33. What is the cause of failure of a short MS strut under an axial load? [IAS-2007]
(a) Fracture stress (b) Shear stress (c) Buckling (d) Yielding
IAS-34. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given the lists:[IAS-1995]
List I List II
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A. Rigid-Perfectly plastic
w.
B. Elastic-Perfectly plastic
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C. Rigid-Strain hardening
D. Linearly elastic

(a) 3 1 4 2 (b) 1 3 2 4
(c) 3 1 2 4 (d) 1 3 4 2
IAS-35. Which one of the following materials is highly elastic? [IAS-1995]

(a) Rubber (b) Brass (c) Steel (d) Glass
IAS-36. Assertion (A): Hooke's law is the constitutive law for a linear elastic material.
Reason (R) Formulation of the theory of elasticity requires the hypothesis that there exists a
unique unstressed state of the body, to which the body returns whenever all the forces are
removed. [IAS-2002]
m
IAS-37. Consider the following statements: [IAS-2002]

1. There are only two independent elastic constants.
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2. Elastic constants are different in orthogonal directions.
3. Material properties are same everywhere.
4. Elastic constants are same in all loading directions.
5. The material has ability to withstand shock loading.
Which of the above statements are true for a linearly elastic, homogeneous and isotropic
.
material?
IAS-38.
(a) 1, 3, 4 and 5 (b) 2, 3 and 4 tas
(c) 1, 3 and 4
Which one of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?

(d) 2 and 5
[IAS-1999]
(a) Uniformly distributed stress …. Force passed through the centroid of the
cross-section
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(b) Elastic deformation …. Work done by external forces during
deformation is dissipated fully as heat
(c) Potential energy of strain …. Body is in a state of elastic deformation
(d) Hooke's law …. Relation between stress and strain
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IAS-39. A tensile bar is stressed to 250 N/mm 2 which is beyond its elastic limit. At this stage the strain
produced in the bar is observed to be 0.0014. If the modulus of elasticity of the material of the
bar is 205000 N/mm2 then the elastic component of the strain is very close to [IAS-1997]
(a) 0.0004 (b) 0.0002 (c) 0.0001 (d) 0.00005
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OBJECTIVE ANSWERS
w.
PL 1
GATE-1. Ans. (c)  L  or  L  [AsP, L and A is same]
AE E
 L mild steel ECI 100
    L CI   L MS
 L C.I EMS 206
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PL  200  1000   2
GATE-2. Ans. (a)  L   m  1.25mm
AE  0.04  0.04   200  109
(a)   540 0.30 (b)   775 0.30 (c)   540 0.35 (d)   775 0.35

GATE-3. Ans. (c)
A true stress – true strain curve in
tension   k n
k = Strength co-efficient = 400 ×
(1.35) = 540 MPa
n = Strain – hardening exponent =
0.35
GATE-4. Ans. (d)
m
co
A cantilever-loaded rotating beam, showing the normal distribution of surface stresses. (i.e.,
tension at the top and compression at the bottom)
.
tas
The residual compressive stresses induced.
da
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Net stress pattern obtained when loading a surface treated beam. The reduced magnitude of the
tensile stresses contributes to increased fatigue life.
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GATE-5. Ans. (d)

GATE-6. Ans. (d)
GATE-7. Ans. (d) For longitudinal strain we need Young's modulus and for calculating transverse strain we
need Poisson's ratio. We may calculate Poisson's ratio from E  2G(1   ) for that we need
w.
Shear modulus.
GATE-8. Ans. (a)
9KG
GATE-9. Ans. (a) Remember E  2G 1     3K 1  2  
3K  G
ww
0.004
GATE-10. Ans. (c) T  F  r  2200  Nm  1.4Nm
2
GATE-11. Ans. (b) First draw FBD of all parts separately then
PL
Total change in length = å AE
GATE-12. Ans. (a)
F.B.D
P 28000
 QR   MPa  40MPa
A 700
GATE-15. Ans. (a) Thermal stress will develop only when you prevent the material to contrast/elongate. As
here it is free no thermal stress will develop.
3 3 3
DV p a (1 + a T ) - a
GATE-15(i). Ans. (a) = =
a3
m
V K
p
Or = 3a T
E
3 (1- 2u )
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  T  E   T  E
Or p  or stress( )   p   i.e. compressive
1  2  1  2 
.
Same question was asked in IES-2003 please refer question no. IES-48 in this chapter.
GATE-16. Ans. (b) tas
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GATE-17. Ans. (a)

Ci
IES
WL WL 1
IES-1. Ans. (a)      L & 
w.
2AE  D2 D2
2 E
4
IES-2. Ans. (c)
IES-3. Ans. (b)
IES-4. Ans. (d)
ww
IES-5. Ans. (c)

IES-6. Ans. (c)
IES-7. Ans. (a)
IES-7a. Ans. (d)
PL
IES-8. Ans. (b) Elongation of a taper rod  l  

d1d2E
4
 l  A  d2 B D / 3 2
or   
 lB  d2 A D / 2 3

PL PL
IES-9. Ans. (c) Actual elongation of the bar  lact  
   
 4 d1d2  E  4  1.1D  0.9D  E
   
PL
Calculated elongation of the bar  l Cal 
 D2
E
4
 lact   lcal  D2 
 Error  %   100    1  100%  1%
 lcal  1.1D  0.9D 
PL
IES-10. Ans. (d) Actual elongation of the bar  lact 
 
 4 d1d2  E
 
m
IES-11. Ans. (b)
IES-11(i). Ans. (c)
IES-12. Ans. (a)
IES-13. Ans. (c) Theoretically 1    1/ 2 but practically 0    1/ 2
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IES-14. Ans. (c)
IES-15. Ans. (a) If Poisson's ratio is zero, then material is rigid.
IES-16. Ans. (a)
IES-16a. Ans. (d)
.
IES-17. Ans. (d) Note: Modulus of elasticity is the property of material. It will remain same.
IES-18. Ans. (a) tas
IES-19. Ans. (a) Strain energy stored by a body within elastic limit is known as resilience.
IES-19a. Ans. (d)
IES-19b. Ans. (b) Plastic deformation
 Following the elastic deformation, material undergoes plastic deformation.
 Also characterized by relation between stress and strain at constant strain rate and temperature.
da
 Microscopically…it involves breaking atomic bonds, moving atoms, then restoration of bonds.
 Stress-Strain relation here is complex because of atomic plane movement, dislocation movement,
and the obstacles they encounter.
 Crystalline solids deform by processes – slip and twinning in particular directions.
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 Amorphous solids deform by viscous flow mechanism without any directionality.

 Equations relating stress and strain are called constitutive equations.
 A true stress-strain curve is called flow curve as it gives the stress required to cause the material to
flow plastically to certain strain.
IES-20. Ans. (c)
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IES-21. Ans. (b)

IES-22. Ans. (c)
IES-23. Ans. (d)
IES-24. Ans. (c) A polished surface by grinding can take more number of cycles than a part with rough
surface. In Hammer peening residual compressive stress lower the peak tensile stress
w.
IES-25. Ans. (a)

IES-26. Ans. (c)
IES-27. Ans. (c)
IES-28. Ans. (d)
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IES-29. Ans. (d)

IES-30. Ans. (a)
IES-31. Ans.(b) E  2G(1   ) or 1.25x105 = 2G(1+0.34) or G = 0.4664 × 105 MPa
IES-32. Ans. (c)
9KG
IES-33. Ans. (d) E  2G 1     3K 1  2  
3K  G
9KG
IES-34. Ans. (d) E  2G 1     3K 1  2  
3K  G
9KG
IES-35. Ans.(c) E  2G 1     3K 1  2  
3K  G

1
the value of  must be between 0 to 0.5 so E never equal to G but if   then
3
E  k so ans. is c
IES-36. Ans. (b) Use E  2G 1   
E 200
IES-37. Ans. (a) E  2G 1    or G    80GN / m2
2 1    2  1  0.25 
IES-38. Ans. (d) Under plane stress condition, the strain in the direction perpendicular to the plane is not
zero. It has been found experimentally that when a body is stressed within elastic limit, the
lateral strain bears a constant ratio to the linear strain. [IES-2009]
 d2 P 980175
IES-39. Ans. (b) Total load P   8    or d    22.25mm
4 2 2  315
m
IES-40. Ans. (c) Compatibility equation insists that the change in length of the bar must be compatible with
the boundary conditions. Here (a) is also correct but it is equilibrium equation.
IES-41. Ans. (a)
IES-42. Ans. (b) First draw FBD of all parts separately then
co
PL
Total change in length = å
.
AE
IES-43. Ans. (a) Elongation in AC = length reduction in CB
RA  1 RB  2
AE

AE
And RA + RB = 10
tas
IES-44. Ans. (b)
da
IES-45. Ans. (d)
IES-46. Ans. (d) If we resist to expand then only stress will develop.
IES-47. Ans. (d)
3 3 3
D V s = (p) a (1 + a T ) - a
IES-48. Ans. (b) = =
vil
V K a3
p
Or = 3a T
E
3 (1- 2g )
Ci
IES-49. Ans. (c)

   
IES-50. Ans. (d) Et  12  106  200  103  120  20   240MPa
It will be compressive as elongation restricted.
IES-51. Ans. (a) co-efficient of volume expansion    3  co  efficient of linear expansion  
w.
IES-52. Ans. (b)

IES-53. Ans. (b) Let compression of the spring = x m
Therefore spring force = kx kN
Expansion of the rod due to temperature rise = Lt
kx   L
ww
Reduction in the length due to compression force =

AE
Now Lt 
kx   L  x
AE
0.5  12.5  106  20
Or x   0.125mm
 

 50  0.5 

1  
   0.010  200  106 
2

 4 


kx 50  0.125
 Compressive stress =    0.07945MPa
A    0.0102 
 
 4 
IES-54. Ans. (d) Stress in the rod due to temperature rise = t   E
IES-55. Ans. (c)
IES-56. Ans. (d) A is false but R is correct.
IES-57. Ans. (d)
IES-58. Ans. (b)
IES-59. Ans. (d)
IES-60. Ans. (b)
IES-61. Ans. (a)
IES-61(i). Ans. (a)
m
W  d2
IES-62. Ans. (b)  c  or W   c  ;
 d2 4
4
co
W  c    d2 280    362
Wsafe    N  190kN
fos fos  4 1.5  4
IES-63. Ans. (b)
IES-64. Ans. (a) A crack parallel to the direction of length of hub means the failure was due to tensile hoop
.
stress only.
IES-65. Ans. (d)
IES-66. Ans. (d)
tas
da
vil
IES-67. Ans. (c)

IES-68. Ans. (c)
Ci
IAS
w.
WL  ALg  L  L2 g
IAS-1. Ans. (d) Elongation due to self weight =  
2 AE 2 AE 2E
IAS-2. Ans. (b)
Pl
IAS-3. Ans. (a) The extension of the taper rod =
ww
 
 4 D1D2  .E
 
IAS-4. Ans. (a)
IAS-5. ans. (d)
IAS-6. Ans. (b)
P P 1.5
IAS-7. Ans. (d) Bulk modulus of elasticity (K) = or  v    535  106
v K 2800
IAS-8. Ans. (a)
IAS-9. Ans. (d)
IAS-10. Ans. (a)
IAS-11. Ans.(b) E  2G(1   ) or 1.25x105 = 2G(1+0.34) or G = 0.4664 × 105 MPa

E  E   2.5 
IAS-12. Ans. (a) E  2G 1     1      1    1  0.25
2G  2G   2 
IAS-13. Ans. (c)
IAS-14. Ans. (b) E = 2G (1 +  ) = 3k (1- 2  )
IAS-15. Ans. (b) E, G, K and µ represent the elastic modulus, shear modulus, bulk modulus and poisons
ratio respectively of a „linearly elastic, isotropic and homogeneous material.‟ To express the
stress – strain relations completely for this material; at least any two of the four must be
9 KG
known. E  2G 1     3K 1  3  
3K  G
E 200
IAS-16. Ans. (c) E = 2G (1+  ) or  = 1   1  0.25
2G 2  80
m
IAS-17. Ans. (a) Elongation in AC = length reduction in CB
RA  1 RB  2

AE AE
And RA + RB = 10
co
   
IAS-18. Ans. (d) Et  12  106  200  103  120  20   240MPa
It will be compressive as elongation restricted.
IAS-19. Ans. (c) Thermal stress will develop only if expansion is restricted.
IAS-20. Ans. (a) Dimensional analysis gives (a) is wrong
.
IAS-21. Ans. (d)
IAS-22. Ans. (d)
IAS-23. Ans. (b)
IAS-24. Ans. (b)
tas
IAS-25. Ans. (b)
IAS-26. Ans. (d)
da
IAS-27. Ans. (d)
IAS-28. Ans. (a) Up to elastic limit.
IAS-29. Ans. (b)
IAS-30. Ans. (d)
IAS-31. Ans. (a)
vil
IAS-32. Ans. (a)

IAS-33. Ans. (d) In compression tests of ductile materials fractures is seldom obtained. Compression is
accompanied by lateral expansion and a compressed cylinder ultimately assumes the shape of a
flat disc.
IAS-34. Ans. (a)
Ci
IAS-35. Ans. (c) Steel is the highly elastic material because it is deformed least on loading, and regains its
original from on removal of the load.
IAS-36. Ans. (a)
IAS-37. Ans. (a)
w.
IAS-38. Ans. (b)

IAS-39. Ans. (b)
ww

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Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (GATE, IES, IAS)

Previous 20-Years GATE Questions

Stress in a bar due to self-weight

GATE-2. A steel bar of 40 mm × 40 mm square cross-section is subjected to an axial compressive load of

(a) 1.25 mm (b) 2.70 mm

True stress and true strain

Elasticity and Plasticity

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 21 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

Relation between the Elastic Modulii

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 22 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 23 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

If the rigid beam is to remain horizontal then

Bar of uniform strength

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 24 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

IES-5. Which one of the following statements is correct? [IES-2006]

IES-7a. In a bolt of uniform strength:

that of the bar B? [IES-2006]

in computed elongation? [IES-2004]

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 25 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

(b) The material is perfectly plastic.

IES-16. Which of the following is true (µ= Poisson's ratio) [IES-1992]

Elasticity and Plasticity

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 26 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

Creep and fatigue

(a) Fatigue strength (b) Endurance strength

(a) Increasing the temperature (b) Scratching the surface

IES-24. Consider the following statements: [IES-1993]

For increasing the fatigue strength of welded joints it is necessary to employ

Relation between the Elastic Modulii

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 27 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

(a) G = 2K (b) G = E (c) K = E (d) G = K = E

IES-38. Consider the following statements: [IES-2009]

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 28 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

Stresses in compound strut

L, M and N. [GATE-2004, IES 1995, 1997, 1998]

(a) 1 µm (b) -10 µm (c) 16 µm (d) -20 µm

IES-43. The reactions at the rigid

figure are respectively.

[IES-2002, IES-2011; IAS-2003]

IES-44. Which one of the following is correct? [IES-2008]

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 29 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

(c) 120 MPa (compressive) (d) 240 MPa (compressive)

(a) 3 α cm3 (b) 2 α cm3 (c) α cm3 (d) zero [IES-2004]

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 30 of 431

Chapter-1 Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

IES-54. The temperature stress is a function of [IES-1992]

(c) A is true but R is false

IES-58. In a tensile test, near the elastic limit zone [IES-2006]