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Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (GATE, IES, IAS)
Previous 20-Years GATE Questions
Stresses at different angles and Pure Shear

GATE-1. A block of steel is loaded by a tangential force on its top surface while the bottom surface is held
rigidly. The deformation of the block is due to
[GATE-1992]
(a) Shear only (b) Bending only (c) Shear and bending (d) Torsion
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GATE-2. A shaft subjected to torsion experiences a pure shear stress  on the surface. The maximum
principal stress on the surface which is at 45° to the axis will have a value [GATE-2003]
(a)  cos 45° (b) 2  cos 45° (c)  cos2 45° (d) 2  sin 45° cos 45°
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GATE-3. The number of components in a stress tensor defining stress at a point in three dimensions is:
[GATE-2002]
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 6 (d) 9
.
Principal Stress and Principal Plane
GATE-4.
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A body is subjected to a pure tensile stress of 100 units. What is the maximum shear produced
in the body at some oblique plane due to the above? [IES-2006]
(a) 100 units (b) 75 units (c) 50 units (d) 0 unit
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GATE-5. In a strained material one of the principal stresses is twice the other. The maximum shear
stress in the same case is  m ax .Then, what is the value of the maximum principle stress?[IES
2007]
(a)  m ax (b) 2  m ax (c) 4  m ax (d) 8  m ax
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GATE-6. A material element subjected to a plane state of stress such that the maximum shear stress is
equal to the maximum tensile stress, would correspond to
[IAS-1998]
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GATE-7. A solid circular shaft is subjected to a maximum shearing stress of 140 MPs. The magnitude of
the maximum normal stress developed in the shaft is:
[IAS-1995]
(a) 140 MPa (b) 80 MPa (c) 70 MPa (d) 60 MPa
GATE-8. The state of stress at a point in a loaded member is shown in the figure. The magnitude of
maximum shear stress is [1MPa = 10 kg/cm2] [IAS 1994]
(a) 10 MPa (b) 30 MPa (c) 50 MPa (d) 100MPa
For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 86 of 431
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GATE-9. A solid circular shaft of diameter 100 mm is subjected to an axial stress of 50 MPa. It is further
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subjected to a torque of 10 kNm. The maximum principal stress experienced on the shaft is
closest to [GATE-2008]
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GATE-10. In a bi-axial stress problem, the stresses in x and y directions are (σ x = 200 MPa and σy =100
MPa. The maximum principal stress in MPa, is: [GATE-2000]
(a) 50 (b) 100 (c) 150 (d) 200
GATE-11. The maximum principle stress for the stress
.
state shown in the figure is
(a) σ
(c) 3 σ
(b) 2 σ
(d) 1.5 σ
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[GATE-2001]
GATE-12. The normal stresses at a point are σ x = 10 MPa and, σy = 2 MPa; the shear stress at this point is
4MPa. The maximum principal stress at this point is:
[GATE-1998]
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GATE-13. In a Mohr's circle, the radius of the circle is taken as: [IES-2006; GATE-1993]
  y 
2
  x  y 
2
   xy    xy 
2 x 2
(a)  (b)
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 2  2
  x  y 
2
   xy     y    xy 
2 2 2
(c)  (d) x
 2 
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Where, σx and σy are normal stresses along x and y directions respectively and τ xy is the shear
stress.
GATE-14. A two dimensional fluid element rotates like a rigid body. At a point within the element, the
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pressure is 1 unit. Radius of the Mohr's circle, characterizing the state of stress at that point, is:
[GATE-2008]
(a) 0.5 unit (b) 0 unit (c) 1 unit (d) 2 units
GATE-14(i). The state of stress at a point under plane stress condition is

σxx = 40 MPa, σyy = 100 MPa and τxy = 40 MPa.
The radius of the Mohr‟s circle representing the given state of stress in MPa is
(a) 40 (b) 50 (c) 60 (d) 100 [GATE-2012]

GATE-15. The Mohr's circle of plane stress for a
point in a body is shown. The design
is to be done on the basis of the
maximum shear stress theory for
yielding. Then, yielding will just
begin if the designer chooses a
ductile material whose yield strength
is:
(a) 45 MPa (b) 50 MPa
(c) 90 MPa (d) 100 MPa [GATE-2005]
GATE-16. The figure shows the state of stress
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at a certain point in a stressed body.
The magnitudes of normal stresses in
the x and y direction are 100MPa and
20 MPa respectively. The radius of
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Mohr's stress circle representing this
state of stress is:
(a) 120 (b) 80
(c) 60 (d) 40
.
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[GATE-2004]
Data for Q17–Q18 are given below. Solve the problems and choose correct answers.
[GATE-2003]
The state of stress at a point "P" in a two dimensional loading is such that the Mohr's circle is a point
located at 175 MPa on the positive normal stress axis.
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GATE-17. Determine the maximum and minimum principal stresses respectively from the Mohr's circle
(a) + 175 MPa, –175MPa (b) +175 MPa, +175 MPa
(c) 0, –175 MPa (d) 0, 0
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GATE-18. Determine the directions of maximum and minimum principal stresses at the point “P” from the
Mohr's circle [GATE-2003]
(a) 0, 90° (b) 90°, 0 (c) 45°, 135° (d) All directions
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Principal strains
GATE-19. If the two principal strains at a point are 1000 × 10-6 and -600 × 10-6, then the maximum shear
strain is: [GATE-1996]
(a) 800 × 10-6 (b) 500 × 10-6 (c) 1600 × 10-6 (d) 200 × 10-6
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Previous 20-Years IES Questions

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IES-1. If a prismatic bar be subjected to an axial tensile stress σ, then shear stress induced on a plane
inclined at θ with the axis will be: [IES-1992]
   
a  sin 2 b cos 2  c cos 2  d  sin 2 
2 2 2 2
IES-2. In the case of bi-axial state of normal stresses, the normal stress on 45° plane is equal to[IES-
1992]
(a) The sum of the normal stresses (b) Difference of the normal stresses
(c) Half the sum of the normal stresses (d) Half the difference of the normal stresses

A point in two-dimensional stress state, is 
IES-2a A
subjected to biaxial stress as shown in the above
figure. The shear stress acting on the plane AB
is
(a) Zero (b) 

(c)  cos2  (d)  sin . cos  

B

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[IES-2010]
IES-3. In a two-dimensional problem, the state of pure shear at a point is characterized by[IES-2001]
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(a)  x   y and  xy  0 (b)  x   y and  xy  0
(c)  x  2 y and  xy  0 (d)  x  0.5 y and  xy  0
IES-3a. What are the normal and shear stresses on the
.
45o planes shown?
(a)  1   2  400 MPa and   0
(b)  1   2  400 MPa and   0
(c)  1   2  400 MPa and   0
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(d )  1   2    200 MPa
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IES-4. Which one of the following Mohr‟s circles represents the state of pure shear?
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[IES-2000]
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IES-5. For the state of stress of pure shear  the strain energy stored per unit volume in the elastic,
homogeneous isotropic material having elastic constants E and  will be: [IES-1998]
2 2 2 2 2
(a) 1   (b) 1   (c) 1   (d)  2  
E 2E E 2E
IES-6. Assertion (A): If the state at a point is pure shear, then the principal planes through that point
making an angle of 45° with plane of shearing stress carries principal stresses whose magnitude
is equal to that of shearing stress.
Reason (R): Complementary shear stresses are equal in magnitude, but opposite in direction.
[IES-1996]

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
IES-7. Assertion (A): Circular shafts made of brittle material fail along a helicoidally surface inclined
at 45° to the axis (artery point) when subjected to twisting moment. [IES-1995]
Reason (R): The state of pure shear caused by torsion of the shaft is equivalent to one of tension
at 45° to the shaft axis and equal compression in the perpendicular direction.
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IES-8. A state of pure shear in a biaxial state of stress is given by [IES-1994]
 1 0   1 0    x  xy 
(a)   (b)   (c)   (d) None of the above
 0 2   0  1   yx  y 
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IES-9. The state of plane stress in a plate of 100 mm thickness is given as [IES-2000]
σxx = 100 N/mm2, σyy = 200 N/mm2, Young's modulus = 300 N/mm2, Poisson's ratio = 0.3. The
stress developed in the direction of thickness is:
.
(a) Zero (b) 90 N/mm2 (c) 100 N/mm2 (d) 200 N/mm2
IES-10.
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The state of plane stress at a point is described by
on the plane inclined at 45° to the x-plane will be:
 x   y   and  xy  0 . The normal stress
[IES-1998]
 a  b 2 c 3  d  2
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IES-10(i). An elastic material of Young‟s modulus E and Poisson‟s ratio ν is subjected to a compressive
stress of σ1 in the longitudinal direction. Suitable lateral compressive stress σ 2 are also applied
along the other two each of the lateral directions to half of the magnitude that would be under
σ1 acting alone. The magnitude of σ2 is
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[IES-2012]
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
IES-11. Consider the following statements: [IES-1996, 1998]

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State of stress in two dimensions at a point in a loaded component can be completely specified
by indicating the normal and shear stresses on
1. A plane containing the point
2. Any two planes passing through the point
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3. Two mutually perpendicular planes passing through the point

Of these statements
(a) 1, and 3 are correct (b) 2 alone is correct
(c) 1 alone is correct (d) 3 alone is correct
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IES-11a If the principal stresses and maximum shearing stresses are of equal numerical value at a point
in a stressed body, the state of stress can be termed as
(a) Isotropic (b) Uniaxial [IES-2010]
(c) Pure shear (d) Generalized plane state of stress

IES-12. A body is subjected to a pure tensile stress of 100 units. What is the maximum shear produced
in the body at some oblique plane due to the above? [IES-2006]
(a) 100 units (b) 75 units (c) 50 units (d) 0 unit

IES-13. In a strained material one of the principal stresses is twice the other. The maximum shear
stress in the same case is t max . Then, what is the value of the maximum principle stress?
[IES 2007]
(a)  m ax (b) 2  m ax (c) 4  m ax (d) 8  m ax
IES-14. In a strained material, normal stresses on two mutually perpendicular planes are σ x and σy
(both alike) accompanied by a shear stress τ xy One of the principal stresses will be zero, only if
[IES-2006]
 x  y
(a)  xy  (b)  xy   x   y (c)  xy   x  y (d)  xy   x2  y2
2
IES-15. The principal stresses σ1, σ2 and σ3 at a point respectively are 80 MPa, 30 MPa and –40 MPa.
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The maximum shear stress is: [IES-2001]
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IES-15(i). A piece of material is subjected, to two perpendicular tensile stresses of 70 MPa and 10 MPa.
The magnitude of the resultant stress on a plane in which the maximum shear stress occurs is
[IES-2012]
.
IES-16. tas
Plane stress at a point in a body is defined by principal stresses 3σ and σ. The ratio of the
normal stress to the maximum shear stresses on the plane of maximum shear stress is:[IES-
2000]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
IES-17. Principal stresses at a point in plane stressed element are  x   y  500kg/cm2 . Normal
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stress on the plane inclined at 45o to x-axis will be: [IES-1993]
(a) 0 (b) 500 kg/cm2 (c) 707 kg/cm2 (d) 1000 kg/cm2
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IES-18. If the principal stresses corresponding to a two-dimensional state of stress are 1 and 2 is
greater than 2 and both are tensile, then which one of the following would be the correct
criterion for failure by yielding, according to the maximum shear stress criterion?[IES-1993]
 1   2     yp  yp  yp
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1 2
(a) (b)  (c )  (d )  1  2 yp
2 2 2 2 2 2
IES-19. For the state of plane stress.
Shown the maximum and minimum
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principal stresses are:

(a) 60 MPa and 30 MPa
(b) 50 MPa and 10 MPa
(c) 40 MPa and 20 MPa
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(d) 70 MPa and 30 MPa
[IES-1992]
IES-20. Normal stresses of equal magnitude p, but of opposite signs, act at a point of a strained material
in perpendicular direction. What is the magnitude of the resultant normal stress on a plane
inclined at 45° to the applied stresses? [IES-2005]
(a) 2 p (b) p/2 (c) p/4 (d) Zero
IES-21. A plane stressed element is subjected to the state of stress given by  x   xy  100kgf/cm2 and
σy = 0. Maximum shear stress in the element is equal to [IES-1997]

 a  50 3 kgf/cm 2
 b 100kgf/cm 2
 c 50 5 kgf/cm 2
d 150kgf/cm2
IES-22. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer, using the codes given below the lists:
[IES-1995]
List I(State of stress) List II(Kind of loading)
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Codes: A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 2 3 4 (b) 2 3 4 1 (c)
2 4 3 1 (d) 3 4 1 2
.
Mohr's circle tas
IES-22(i). Statement (I): Mohr‟s circle of stress can be related to Mohr‟s circle of strain by some constant
of proportionality. [IES-2012]
Statement (II): The relationship is a function of yield strength of the material.
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(a) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct
explanation of Statement (I)
(b) Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is not the
correct explanation of Statement (I)
(c) Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
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(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
IES-23. Consider the Mohr's circle shown above:

What is the state of stress represented by
this circle?
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(a) x   y  0,  xy  0
(b) x   y  0,  xy  0
(c) x  0,  y  xy  0
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(d) x  0,  y  xy  0
[IES-2008]
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IES-24. For a general two dimensional stress system, what are the coordinates of the centre of Mohr‟s
circle?
[IES 2007]
x  y x y x y x  y
(a) ,0 (b) 0, (c) ,0(d) 0,
2 2 2 2
IES-25. In a Mohr's circle, the radius of the circle is taken as: [IES-2006; GATE-1993]
  y 
2
  x  y 
2
   xy    xy 
2 x 2
(a)  (b)
 2  2

  x  y 
2
   xy     y    xy 
2 2 2
(c)  (d) x
 2 
Where, σx and σy are normal stresses along x and y directions respectively and τ xy is the shear
stress.
IES-26. Maximum shear stress in a Mohr's Circle [IES- 2008]

(a) Is equal to radius of Mohr's circle (b) Is greater than radius of Mohr's circle
(c) Is less than radius of Mohr's circle (d) Could be any of the above
IES-27. At a point in two-dimensional stress system σx = 100 N/mm2, σy = τxy = 40 N/mm2. What is the
radius of the Mohr circle for stress drawn with a scale of: 1 cm = 10 N/mm 2? [IES-2005]
(a) 3 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 5 cm (d) 6 cm
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IES-28. Consider a two dimensional state of stress given for an element as shown in the diagram given
below: [IES-2004]
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What are the coordinates of the centre of Mohr's circle?
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(a) (0, 0) (b) (100, 200) (c) (200, 100) (d) (50, 0)
IES-29. Two-dimensional state of stress at a point in a plane stressed element is represented by a Mohr
circle of zero radius. Then both principal stresses
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(a) Are equal to zero [IES-2003]

(b) Are equal to zero and shear stress is also equal to zero
(c) Are of equal magnitude but of opposite sign
(d) Are of equal magnitude and of same sign
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IES-30. Assertion (A): Mohr's circle of stress can be related to Mohr's circle of strain by some constant of
proportionality. [IES-2002]
Reason (R): The relationship is a function of yield stress of the material.
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IES-31. When two mutually perpendicular principal stresses are unequal but like, the maximum shear
stress is represented by [IES-1994]
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(a) The diameter of the Mohr's circle

(b) Half the diameter of the Mohr's circle
(c) One-third the diameter of the Mohr's circle
(d) One-fourth the diameter of the Mohr's circle
IES-32. State of stress in a plane element is shown in figure I. Which one of the following figures-II is
the correct sketch of Mohr's circle of the state of stress?
[IES-1993, 1996]
Figure-I Figure-II
Strain
IES-33. A point in a two dimensional state of strain is subjected to pure shearing strain of magnitude
 xy radians. Which one of the following is the maximum principal strain? [IES-2008]
m
(a)  xy (b)  xy / 2 (c)  xy /2 (d) 2  xy
IES-34. Assertion (A): A plane state of stress does not necessarily result into a plane state of strain as
co
well. [IES-1996]
Reason (R): Normal stresses acting along X and Y directions will also result into normal strain
along the Z-direction.
.
IES-34a
(d) A is false but R is true tas
Assertion (A): A plane state of stress always results in a plane state of strain.
Reason (R): A uniaxial state of stress results in a three-dimensional state of strain.
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(c) A is true but R is false [IES-2010]
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IES-34b Assertion (A): A state of plane strain always results in plane stress conditions.
Reason (R): A thin sheet of metal stretched in its own plane results in plane strain conditions.
[IES-2010]
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Principal strains
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IES-35. Principal strains at a point are 100  10 6 and 200  10 6 . What is the maximum shear strain
at the point? [IES-2006]
(a) 300 × 10–6 (b) 200 × 10–6 (c) 150 × 10–6 (d) 100 × 10–6
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IES-36. The principal strains at a point in a body, under biaxial state of stress, are 1000×10–6 and –600
× 10–6. What is the maximum shear strain at that point?
[IES-2009]
(a) 200 × 10–6 (b) 800 × 10–6 (c) 1000 × 10–6 (d) 1600 × 10–6
IES-37. The number of strain readings (using strain gauges) needed on a plane surface to determine the
principal strains and their directions is: [IES-1994]
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

Principal strain induced by principal stress
IES-38. The principal stresses at a point in two dimensional stress system are  1 and  2 and
corresponding principal strains are 1 and  2 . If E and  denote Young's modulus and Poisson's
ratio, respectively, then which one of the following is correct?
[IES-2008]
E
(a)  1  E1 (b) 1  1   2 
1 2
E
(c) 1  1   2  (d) 1  E 1   2 
1 2
IES-39. Assertion (A): Mohr's construction is possible for stresses, strains and area moment of
inertia. [IES-2009]
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Reason (R): Mohr's circle represents the transformation of second-order tensor.
(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
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(d) A is false but R is true.
IES-40. A rectangular strain rosette, shown in

figure, gives following reading in a
.
strain measurement task, 100010
-
6
80010-6 and60010-6 tas
The direction of the major principal strain
with respect to gauge l is
(a) 0o (b) 15o
(c) 30 o (d) 45o
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[IES-2011]
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Previous 20-Years IAS Questions

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IAS-1. On a plane, resultant stress is inclined at an angle of 45 o to the plane. If the normal stress is
100 N /mm2, the shear stress on the plane is: [IAS-2003]
(a) 71.5 N/mm2 (b) 100 N/mm2 (c) 86.6 N/mm2 (d) 120.8 N/mm2
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IAS-2. Biaxial stress system is correctly shown in [IAS-1999]

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IAS-3. The complementary shear stresses of
intensity  are induced at a point in the
material, as shown in the figure. Which
one of the following is the correct set of
orientations of principal planes with
respect to AB?
(a) 30° and 120° (b) 45° and 135°
(c) 60° and 150° (d) 75° and 165°
[IAS-1998]
IAS-4. A uniform bar lying in the x-direction is subjected to pure bending. Which one of the following
tensors represents the strain variations when bending moment is about the z-axis (p, q and r
constants)? [IAS-2001]
m
 py 0 0   py 0 0 
   
(a) 0 qy 0 (b) 0 qy 0 
  
 0 0 ry   0 0 0 
  
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 py 0 0   py 0 0 
   
(c) 0 py 0  (d) 0 qy 0 
 
 0 0 py   0 0 qy 
 
.
IAS-5. tas
Assuming E = 160 GPa and G = 100 GPa for a material, a strain tensor is given as:[IAS-2001]
 0.002 0.004 0.006 
 
 0.004 0.003 0 
 0.006 0 
 0
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The shear stress,  xy is:
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IAS-6. A material element subjected to a plane state of stress such that the maximum shear stress is
equal to the maximum tensile stress, would correspond to
[IAS-1998]
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IAS-7. A solid circular shaft is subjected to a maximum shearing stress of 140 MPs. The magnitude of
the maximum normal stress developed in the shaft is: [IAS-1995]
IAS-8. The state of stress at a point in a loaded member is shown in the figure. The magnitude of
maximum shear stress is [1MPa = 10 kg/cm2] [IAS 1994]
(a) 10 MPa (b) 30 MPa (c) 50 MPa (d) 100MPa
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IAS-9. A horizontal beam under bending has a maximum bending stress of 100 MPa and a maximum
shear stress of 20 MPa. What is the maximum principal stress in the beam? [IAS-2004]
(a) 20 (b) 50 (c) 50 + 2900 (d) 100
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IAS-10. When the two principal stresses are equal and like: the resultant stress on any plane is:[IAS-
2002]
(a) Equal to the principal stress (b) Zero
(c) One half the principal stress (d) One third of the principal stress
.
IAS-11.
tas
Assertion (A): When an isotropic, linearly elastic material is loaded biaxially, the directions of
principal stressed are different from those of principal strains.
Reason (R): For an isotropic, linearly elastic material the Hooke's law gives only two
independent material properties. [IAS-2001]
da
IAS-12. Principal stress at a point in a stressed solid are 400 MPa and 300 MPa respectively. The
vil
normal stresses on planes inclined at 45° to the principal planes will be:
[IAS-2000]
(a) 200 MPa and 500 MPa (b) 350 MPa on both planes
(c) 100MPaand6ooMPa (d) 150 MPa and 550 MPa
Ci
IAS-13. The principal stresses at a point in an elastic material are 60N/mm 2 tensile, 20 N/mm2 tensile
and 50 N/mm2 compressive. If the material properties are: µ = 0.35 and E = 105 Nmm2, then the
volumetric strain of the material is: [IAS-1997]
(a) 9 × 10–5 (b) 3 × 10-4 (c) 10.5 × 10–5 (d) 21 × 10–5
w.
Mohr's circle
IAS-14. Match List-I (Mohr's Circles of stress) with List-II (Types of Loading) and select the correct
answer using the codes given below the lists: [IAS-2004]
List-I List-II
ww
(Mohr's Circles of Stress) (Types of Loading)
1. A shaft compressed all round by a hub
2. Bending moment applied at the free

end of a cantilever
3. Shaft under torsion
4. Thin cylinder under pressure
m
5. Thin spherical shell under internal
pressure
Codes: A B C D A B C D
co
(a) 5 4 3 2 (b) 2 4 1 3
(c) 4 3 2 5 (d) 2 3 1 5
IAS-15. The resultant stress on a certain plane makes an angle of 20° with the normal to the plane. On
the plane perpendicular to the above plane, the resultant stress makes an angle of θ with the
.
normal. The value of θ can be: [IAS-2001]
(a) 0° or 20°
(c) Any value between 0° and 20°
tas (b) Any value other than 0° or 90°
(d) 20° only
IAS-16. The correct Mohr's stress-circle drawn for a point in a solid shaft compressed by a shrunk fit
hub is as (O-Origin and C-Centre of circle; OA = σ1 and OB = σ2)
da
[IAS-2001]
vil
IAS-17. A Mohr's stress circle is drawn for a body subjected to tensile stress f x and f y in two
mutually perpendicular directions such that f x > f y . Which one of the following statements in
Ci
this regard is NOT correct? [IAS-2000]

fx  f y
(a) Normal stress on a plane at 45° to f x is equal to
2
w.
fx  f y
(b) Shear stress on a plane at 450 to f x is equal to
2
(c) Maximum normal stress is equal to f x .
fx  f y
ww
(d) Maximum shear stress is equal to

2
IAS-18. For the given stress condition  x =2 N/mm2,  x =0 and  xy  0 , the correct Mohr‟s circle is:
[IAS-1999]
IAS-19. For which one of the following two-dimensional states of stress will the Mohr's stress circle
degenerate into a point? [IAS-1996]
Principal strains
m
IAS-20. In an axi-symmetric plane strain problem, let u be the radial displacement at r. Then the strain
components  r ,   ,  e are given by [IAS-1995]
co
u u  2u u u
(a)  r  ,   ,  r  (b) r  ,   , r  o
r r r r r
u u u u  2u
(c)  r  ,   ,  r  0 (d)  r  ,   ,  r 
r r  r
.
r
IAS-21. tas
Assertion (A): Uniaxial stress normally gives rise to triaxial strain.
Reason (R): Magnitude of strains in the perpendicular directions of applied stress is smaller
than that in the direction of applied stress. [IAS-2004]
da
IAS-22. Assertion (A): A plane state of stress will, in general, not result in a plane state of strain.[IAS-
vil
2002]
Reason (R): A thin plane lamina stretched in its own plane will result in a state of plane strain.
Ci
w.
ww
OBJECTIVE ANSWERS
GATE-1. Ans. (a) It is the definition of shear stress. The force is applied tangentially it is not a point load so
you cannot compare it with a cantilever with a point load at its free end.
x  y x y
GATE-2. Ans. (d)  n   cos2   xy sin2
2 2
Here  x   2  0,  xy   ,   45o
GATE-3. Ans. (d) It is well known that,
 xy   yx,  xz   zx and  yz   zy
m
so that the state of stress at a point is given by six components  x , y , z and  xy ,  yz , zx
1   2 100  0
GATE-4. Ans. (c)  max    50 units.
2 2
co
1   2 2
GATE-5. Ans. (c)  max  ,  1  2 2 or  max  or  2  2 m ax or  1 2 2 = 4 m ax
2 2
1   2  1  (  1 )
GATE-6. Ans. (d)  max    1
2 2
.
1   2
GATE-7. Ans. (a)  max  Maximum normal stress will developed if  1   2  
 x  y 
GATE-8. Ans. (c)  max  
2
2
  40  40 
   xy 2 = 
2
tas
  30 = 50 MPa
2
 2   2 
da
16T 16  10000
GATE-9. Ans. (b) Shear Stress (  )=  Pa  50 .93 MPa
d 3   (0.1)3
  b
2
Maximum principal Stress =   b    2 =82 MPa

vil
2  2 
2
x  y x y 
GATE-10. Ans. (d)  1       xy
2
if  xy  0
2  2 
Ci
2
x  y
x y 
     x
2  2 
GATE-11. Ans. (b)  x   ,  y   ,  xy  
w.
2
x  y x  y   
 1 max  0
2
   xy    2  2
2
  
2  2  2
2 2
x  y x y  10  2  10  2  2
GATE-12. Ans. (c)  1       xy
2
     4  11.66 MPa
ww
2  2  2  2 
GATE-13. Ans. (a)
m
GATE-14. Ans. (b)
GATE-1(i). Ans. (b)
 40  100 
2
   40   50 MPa
2

co
 2 
GATE-15. Ans. (c)
Given  1  10 MPa,  2  100 MPa
y
.
1   2
Maximum shear stress theory give  max  
or  1   2   y
GATE-16. Ans. (c)
2
  y  10  (100)  90MPa
2
tas
 x  100MPa,  y  20MPa
x  y 100   20 
da
Radius of Mohr 'scircle    60
2 2
GATE-17. Ans. (b)
vil
1   2   x   y  175 MPa
Ci
GATE-18. Ans. (d) From the Mohr‟s circle it will give all directions.
GATE-19. Ans. (c) Shear strain emax  emin  1000   600   10 6  1600  10 6
w.
IES
ww
IES-1. Ans. (a)

x  y x y
IES-2. Ans. (c)  n   cos2   xy sin2
2 2
x  y
At   45o and xy  0;  n 
2
σx  σy
IES-2a Ans. (a) Shear stress    sin2θ -  xy cos2θ
2
Hereσ x  σ, σ y  σ and  xy  0
IES-3. Ans. (b)
IES-3a. Ans. (a)
IES-4. Ans. (c)

IES-5. Ans. (a)  1   ,
 2   ,  3  0
1  2 1  2
      2    V 
2
U  V
2E   E
IES-6. Ans. (b)
IES-7. Ans. (a) Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation for A.
IES-8. Ans. (b)  1   ,  2   ,  3  0
IES-9. Ans. (a)
x  y x y
IES-10. Ans. (a)  n   cos2   xy sin2
2 2
IES-10(i). Ans. (b)
IES-11. Ans. (d)
IES-11a Ans. (c)
m
1   2 100  0
IES-12. Ans. (c)  max    50 units.
2 2
1   2 2
IES-13. Ans. (c)  max  ,  1  2 2 or  max  or  2  2 m ax or  1 2 2 = 4 m ax
co
2 2
2
x  y x y 
IES-14. Ans. (c)  1,2       xy
2
2  2 
.
2
x y x y 
if  2  0 
x y 
or 
2
x y 
 
2
 
 2
   xy

2
   xy or  xy   x   y
2
tas
 2   2 
1   2 80  ( 40)
da
IES-15. Ans. (d)  max    60 MPa
2 2
IES-15(i). Ans. (c)
2 xy
IES-16. Ans. (b) tan 2    0
vil
x y
1   2 3  
 max   
2 2
3  
Ci
Major principal stress on the plane of maximum shear =  1   2

2
IES-17. Ans. (b) When stresses are alike, then normal stress σ n on plane inclined at angle 45° is
2 2
 1   1  1 1 
 n   y cos 2    x sin 2    y    x    500  2  2   500 kg/cm
w.
 2  2  
IES-18. Ans. (a)
2
x  y x y 
IES-19. Ans. (d)  1,2       xy
2
ww
2  2 
2
50  ( 10)  50  10 
 1,2      40
2
2  2 
 max  70 and  min  30
x  y x y
IES-20. Ans. (d)  x  cos2 
2 2
P P P P
n   cos 2  45  0
2 2

x 0  0 
2
IES-21. Ans. (c)  1,2    x    xy  50 50 5

2
2  2 
 1   2
Maximum shear stress =  50 5
2
IES-22. Ans. (c)
IES-22(i). Ans. (c)
IES-23. Ans. (b) It is a case of pure shear. Just put  1   2
IES-24. Ans. (c)
IES-25. Ans. (a)
m
. co
tas
IES-26. Ans. (a)
da
vil
Ci
2
2  2 
 x  y
   x  y 
w.
2 2 
  x     xy       xy 
 2    2  
 
 Radius of the Mohr Circle
2
ww
 x  y  2
    xy
 2 
2
x  y  x  y  2
 t       xy
2  2 
2
x  y  x  y  2
2       xy
2  2 
2
1  2  x  y  2
 max  r  max      xy
2  2 

IES-27. Ans. (c) Radius of the Mohr circle
   2   100  40 2 
 x y   
     xy 2  / 10      402  / 10  50 / 10  5cm
  2     2  
   
  x   y   200  100 
IES-28. Ans. (d) Centre of Mohr‟s circle is  ,0    ,0    50,0 
 2   2 
IES-29. Ans. (d)
IES-30. Ans. (c)
IES-31. Ans. (b)
IES-32. Ans. (c)
IES-33. Ans. (c)
IES-34. Ans. (a)
m
IES-34a. Ans. (d)
IES-34b. Ans. (d)
IES-35. Ans. (a)  max  1   2  100   200   106  300  106
co
1   2
don' t confuse withMaximumShear stress  max  
2
 xy 1   2 1   2
in strain  and  max  that is the difference.
2 2 2
.
IES-36. Ans. (d)
x  y
2

xy
2
 tas  
xy  x  y  1000  106  600  106  1600  106
IES-37. Ans. (c) Three strain gauges are needed on a plane surface to determine the principal strains and
their directions.
s1 s s2 s
IES-38. Ans. (b) e1 = - m 2 - m 1 From these two equation eliminate s 2 .
da
and e2 =
E E E E
IES-39. Ans. (a)
IES-40. Ans. (a)
vil
IAS
IAS-1. Ans. (b) Weknow  n   cos  and    sin  cos 
2
Ci
100   cos2 45 or   200

  200 sin 45 cos 45  100
IAS-2. Ans. (c)
w.
ww
IAS-3. Ans. (b) It is a case of pure shear so principal planes will be along the diagonal.
IAS-4. Ans. (d) Stress in x direction = σx
x x x
Therefore x  ,  y   ,  z  
E E E
IAS-5. Ans. (c)

 xx  xy  xz 
   xy
 yx  yy  yz  and  xy 
    2
 zx zy zz 
 xy  G  xy  100 10   0.004  2 MPa  800MPa
3
1   2  1  (  1 )
IAS-6. Ans. (d)  max    1
2 2
1   2
IAS-7. Ans. (a)  max  Maximum normal stress will developed if  1   2  
2
 x  y 
2
  40  40 
2
IAS-8. Ans. (c)  max      xy 2 =    30 = 50 MPa

2
m
 2   2 
IAS-9. Ans. (c) σb=100MPa  =20 mPa
b  
2
co
σ1,2=   b   2
2  2 
b 
2 2
 1,2    b    2 
100
 
 100 
  20  50  2900 MPa
2
 
.
2  2  2  2 
IAS-10. Ans. (a)  n 

 x  y  x  y
2

2
cos 2
[We may consider this as  xy  0 ]  x   y   ( say )

tas
So  n   for any plane
IAS-11. Ans. (d) They are same.
da
IAS-12. Ans. (b)
 x  y    x  y  400  300 400  300
n     cos 2   cos 2  45o  350MPa
 2   2  2 2
IAS-13. Ans. (a)
vil
x y z  y      y 
x      , y     z  x  and z  z    x  
E E E  E E E  E E E 
x  y  z 2
 x   y   z 
Ci
v x  y  z  
E E
x  y  z   60  20  50 
 1  2    5  1  2  0.35   9  10
5
 E   10 
w.
IAS-14. Ans. (d)

IAS-15. Ans. (b)
IAS-16. Ans. (d)
fx  f y
IAS-17. Ans. (d) Maximum shear stress is
ww
2
x y   2  0 
IAS-18. Ans. (d) Centre  ,0    ,0   1, 0 
 2   2 
2
x y 
2
20
 x  
2
radius    0 1
 2   2 
IAS-19. Ans. (c) Mohr‟s circle will be a point.
2
x y 
   xy   xy  0 and x   y  
2
Radius of the Mohr‟s circle = 
 2 
IAS-20. Ans. (b)

IAS-21. Ans. (b)
IAS-22. Ans. (c) R is false. Stress in one plane always induce a lateral strain with its orthogonal plane.
Previous Conventional Questions with Answers

Conventional Question IES-1999
Question: What are principal in planes?
Answer: The planes which pass through the point in such a manner that the resultant stress across
them is totally a normal stress are known as principal planes. No shear stress exists at the
principal planes.
m
Q. The Mohr’s circle for a plane stress is a circle of radius R with its origin at + 2R on σ
axis. Sketch the Mohr’s circle and determine σ max , σ min , σ av , ( τxy )max for this
co
situation. [2 Marks]
Ans. Here σ max = 3R

σ min = R
.
3R + R
σ σv = = 2R tas
2
σ − σ min 3R − R
and τ xy = max = =R
2 2
lda
R R
(2R,0)
vi
Ci
3R

w.
Question: Direct tensile stresses of 120 MPa and 70 MPa act on a body on mutually
perpendicular planes. What is the magnitude of shearing stress that can be applied
so that the major principal stress at the point does not exceed 135 MPa? Determine
the value of minor principal stress and the maximum shear stress.
Answer: Let shearing stress is 'τ ' MPa.
ww
The principal stresses are

⎛120 − 70 ⎞⎟
2
120 + 70
σ1,2 = ± ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + τ
2
2 ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎠
Major principal stress is
⎛120 − 70 ⎞⎟
2
120 + 70 ⎜⎜
σ1 = + ⎟ +τ
2
2 ⎜⎝ 2 ⎠⎟
= 135(Given) or , τ = 31.2MPa.

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Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (GATE, IES, IAS)

Previous 20-Years GATE Questions

Stresses at different angles and Pure Shear

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 86 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

GATE-11. The maximum principle stress for the stress

(a) 16 MPa (b) 14 MPa (c) 11 MPa (d) 10 MPa

GATE-14(i). The state of stress at a point under plane stress condition is

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 87 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

GATE-16. The figure shows the state of stress

Previous 20-Years IES Questions

Stresses at different angles and Pure Shear

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 88 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

IES-3a. What are the normal and shear stresses on the

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 89 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

IES-11. Consider the following statements: [IES-1996, 1998]

3. Two mutually perpendicular planes passing through the point

Principal Stress and Principal Plane

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 90 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

principal stresses are:

(d) 70 MPa and 30 MPa

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 91 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

(d) Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

IES-23. Consider the Mohr's circle shown above:

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 92 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

IES-26. Maximum shear stress in a Mohr's Circle [IES- 2008]

(a) Are equal to zero [IES-2003]

(c) A is true but R is false

(a) The diameter of the Mohr's circle

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 93 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

(c) A is true but R is false

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 94 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

IES-40. A rectangular strain rosette, shown in

Previous 20-Years IAS Questions

Stresses at different angles and Pure Shear

IAS-2. Biaxial stress system is correctly shown in [IAS-1999]

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 95 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

Principal Stress and Principal Plane

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 96 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

(Mohr's Circles of Stress) (Types of Loading)

1. A shaft compressed all round by a hub

For 2013 (IES, GATE & PSUs) Page 97 of 431

Chapter-2 Principal Stress and Strain S K Mondal’s

2. Bending moment applied at the free

3. Shaft under torsion

4. Thin cylinder under pressure

this regard is NOT correct? [IAS-2000]