Chapter 5 | Integration 523

5.1 EXERCISES
1. State whether the given sums are equal or unequal. 20
⎛ 2
10 10 10. ∑ ⎝j − 10 j⎞⎠
a. ∑i and ∑ k j = 11
i=1 k=1
10 15 25
⎡
b. ∑i and ∑ (i − 5) 11. ∑ ⎣(2k)
2
− 100k⎤⎦
i=1 i=6 k=1
10 9
c. ∑ i(i − 1) and ∑ ⎛
⎝ j + 1⎞⎠ j Let L n denote the left-endpoint sum using n subintervals
i=1 j=0 and let R n denote the corresponding right-endpoint sum.
10 10
⎛ 2
∑ i(i − 1) ∑ − k⎞⎠
In the following exercises, compute the indicated left and
d. and ⎝k right sums for the given functions on the indicated interval.
i=1 k=1

12. L4 for f (x) = 1 on [2, 3]

In the following exercises, use the rules for sums of powers x−1
of integers to compute the sums.
13. R4 for g(x) = cos(πx) on [0, 1]
10
2. ∑i
i=5 14. L6 for f (x) = 1 on ⎡⎣2, 5⎤⎦
x(x − 1)
10
3. ∑ i2 15. R6 for f (x) = 1 on ⎡⎣2, 5⎤⎦
i=5 x(x − 1)

100 100 16. R4 for 1 on [−2, 2]

Suppose that ∑ a i = 15 and ∑ b i = −12. In the x2 + 1
i=1 i=1
following exercises, compute the sums. 17. L4 for 1 on [−2, 2]
x2 + 1
100
4. ∑ ⎛
a i + b i⎞⎠
⎝
18. R4 for x 2 − 2x + 1 on [0, 2]
i=1

100 19. L8 for x 2 − 2x + 1 on [0, 2]

5. ∑ ⎛
ai − b
⎝
⎞
i⎠
i=1
20. Compute the left and right Riemann sums—L4 and R4,
respectively—for f (x) = (2 − |x|) on [−2, 2]. Compute
100
6. ∑ 3a i − 4b i⎞⎠
⎛
⎝
their average value and compare it with the area under the
i=1 graph of f.

100 21. Compute the left and right Riemann sums—L6 and
7. ∑ 5a i + 4b i⎞⎠
⎛
⎝ R6, respectively—for f (x) = (3 − |3 − x|) on ⎡⎣0, 6⎤⎦.
i=1 Compute their average value and compare it with the area
under the graph of f.
In the following exercises, use summation properties and
formulas to rewrite and evaluate the sums. 22. Compute the left and right Riemann sums—L4 and
20 R4, respectively—for f (x) = 4 − x 2 on [−2, 2] and
8. ∑ 100⎛⎝k 2 − 5k + 1⎞⎠ compare their values.
k=1
23. Compute the left and right Riemann sums—L6 and
50
⎛ 2 R6, respectively—for f (x) = 9 − (x − 3) 2 on ⎡⎣0, 6⎤⎦ and
9. ∑ ⎝j − 2 j⎞⎠
j=1 compare their values.

Express the following endpoint sums in sigma notation but

do not evaluate them.
524 Chapter 5 | Integration

24. L30 for f (x) = x 2 on [1, 2] 37. To help get in shape, Joe gets a new pair of running
shoes. If Joe runs 1 mi each day in week 1 and adds 1 mi
10
25. L10 for f (x) = 4 − x 2 on [−2, 2] to his daily routine each week, what is the total mileage on
Joe’s shoes after 25 weeks?
26. R20 for f (x) = sin x on [0, π]
38. The following table gives approximate values of the
27. R100 for ln x on [1, e] average annual atmospheric rate of increase in carbon
dioxide (CO2) each decade since 1960, in parts per million
(ppm). Estimate the total increase in atmospheric CO2
In the following exercises, graph the function then use a
between 1964 and 2013.
calculator or a computer program to evaluate the following
left and right endpoint sums. Is the area under the curve on Decade Ppm/y
the given interval better approximated by the left Riemann
sum or right Riemann sum? If the two agree, say "neither." 1964–1973 1.07

28. [T] L100 and R100 for y = x 2 − 3x + 1 on the interval

1974–1983 1.34
[−1, 1]

29. [T] L100 and R100 for y = x 2 on the interval [0, 1] 1984–1993 1.40

30. [T] L50 and R50 for y = x2+ 1 on the interval [2, 4] 1994–2003 1.87
x −1

2004–2013 2.07
31. [T] L100 and R100 for y = x 3 on the interval [−1, 1]
Table 5.2 Average Annual
Atmospheric CO2
⎡ ⎤
32. [T] L50 and R50 for y = tan(x) on the interval ⎣0, π ⎦ Increase,
4 1964–2013 Source:
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/
gmd/ccgg/trends/.
33. [T] L100 and R100 for y = e 2x on the interval [−1, 1]

34. Let tj denote the time that it took Tejay van Garteren
to ride the jth stage of the Tour de France in 2014. If there
21
were a total of 21 stages, interpret ∑ t j.
j=1

35. Let r j denote the total rainfall in Portland on the jth

31
day of the year in 2009. Interpret ∑ r j.
j=1

36. Let d j denote the hours of daylight and δ j denote the

increase in the hours of daylight from day j − 1 to day j
in Fargo, North Dakota, on the jth day of the year. Interpret
365
d1 + ∑ δ j.
j=2

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