Annex VIb – Environmental and Social Management Plan

GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL

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Supporting vulnerable communities in Maldives to manage

climate change-induced water shortages

Environmental and Social Management Plan

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Disclaimer
This Environmental and Social Management Plan has been prepared for the submission of the proposal to the
Green Climate Fund for the purposes of assisting in the assessment of the potential environmental and social
impacts of the proposal. This Environmental and Social Management Plan has been prepared prior to
undertaking an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. Normally, an Environmental and Social
Management Plan would be prepared following baseline studies and then the subsequent impact assessment
contained within the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and would form the basis for the
construction and operational environmental and social management plans.
As no Environmental and Social Impact Assessment have been undertaken for the projects, this Environmental
and Social Management Plan has been prepared solely on the author’s experience with projects of this nature
and in consideration of international good practice for these types of projects. Accordingly, the Environmental
and Social Management Plan will be subject to change following the preparation of the Environmental and
Social Impact Assessment/s.

Assumptions
The following assumptions have been made in the preparation of this Environmental and Social Management
Plan:
1. all components of the proposal will have an Environmental and Social Impact Assessment/s prepared
prior to the construction and operation of the specific project components;
2. none of the projects will require the displacement of people;
3. none of the projects will be conducted in sensitive locations including coral reef systems;
4. the desalination plants will be located in areas where the dilution of brine will be quick and therefore will
not impact on the receiving environment. Appropriate modelling will be conducted to gain an excellent
understanding of the potential impacts of the brine;
5. the water being used to recharge groundwater aquifers will be of sufficient quality to not result in
deleterious impacts to the quality of groundwater. Appropriate sampling and modelling will be conducted
prior to any recharge;
6. appropriate erosion and sediment control will be undertaken during all stages of the projects; and
7. there will be no release of pollution and/or chemicals as a result of the projects.
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Environmental and Social Management Plan for
Projects
1. This document is an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) for the “Supporting vulnerable
communities in Maldives to manage climate change-induced water shortages” project submitted to the
Green Climate Fund for funding. The project will deliver safe and secure potable water to over 105, 000
people in the Maldives in the face of climate change. The supply of potable water will be achieved by
delivering the following results:
a) scaling up integrated water supply system to provide safe potable water to vulnerable households;
b) decentralized and cost-effective dry season water supply system introduced benefiting the seven
Northern Atolls; and
c) groundwater quality improved to secure potable water reserves for long term resilience.

Governing Legislation
2. The legislative and policy basis for the provision of water supply and sanitation services in the Republic
of Maldives is controlled via three main documents, these being the Constitution of the Republic of
Maldives 2008, the Manifesto of the Progressive Party of the Maldives (2013-2017) and the Public
Health Act 2012. Environmental management and the requirement for an environmental impact
assessment are controlled by the Environment Protection and Preservation Act 1993 and the Regulation
on the Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2012. Additionally, water projects must
comply with the Guideline for IWRM Projects.

Environment Protection and Preservation Act

3. The Environment Protection and Preservation Act 1993 created the regulatory framework for the
Maldives. Prior to the development of the projects, environmental and social impact assessments (ESIA)
must be prepared by qualified consultants.

Regulation on the Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2012

4. The Regulation on the Preparation of Environmental Impact Assessment Report 2012 provides the
regulatory management of ESIA in the Maldives. It provides for the undertaking of ESIAs where they fall
within the relevant provisions of Schedule D for major projects. All projects must comply with the
legislation and regulations.

Overview - Institutional Requirements for the Environmental and Social Management Plan
5. As the rainwater, desalination and groundwater recharge projects will be funded by the Green Climate
Fund through the UNDP, all works (including but not limited to civil and construction contractors) must
adhere to the outcomes of the ESIA and this or a modified ESMP including complying with the
appropriate avoidance and mitigation measures. The ESIA and this or a modified ESMP will be
assessed for each project by the Ministry of Environment and Energy (MEE) and UNDP prior to any
works being undertaken. The ESMP identifies potential risks to the environment and social matters from
the projects and outlines strategies for managing those risks and minimising undesirable environmental
and social impacts.
6. The MEE will be responsible for the supervision of the ESMP. The UNDP with gain the endorsement of
the MEE and will ensure the ESMP is adequate and followed. The supervising engineer will ensure
timely remedial actions are taken by the contractor where necessary.

Objectives of the Environmental and Social Management Plan

7. An ESMP is a management tool used to assist in minimising the impact to the environment and reach a
set of environmental objectives. To ensure the environmental objectives of the projects are met, this
ESMP will be used by the contractor to structure and control the environmental management safeguards
that are required to avoid or mitigate adverse effects on the environment.
8. The environmental and social objectives of the projects are to:
a) provide potable water to the people of the Maldives to reduce the impacts on natural systems that
are currently stressed;
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b) encourage good management practices through planning, commitment and continuous
improvement of environmental practices;
c) minimise or prevent the pollution of land, air and water, particularly with respect to groundwater
recharge and brine pollution;
d) protect native flora and fauna from the impacts of desalination plants;
e) comply with all applicable laws, regulations and standards for the protection of the environment;
and
f) adopt the best practicable means available to prevent or minimise environmental impact.
g) describe all monitoring procedures required to identify impacts on the environment; and
h) provide an overview of the obligations of MEE and UNDP staff and contractors in regard to
environmental obligations.
9. The ESMP will be updated from time to time by the contractor in consultation with the UNDP staff and
MEE to incorporate changes in the detailed design phase of the projects.

General Management Structure and Responsibilities

10. The UNDP and MEE are accountable for the provision of specialist advice on environmental issues to
the contractor and for environmental monitoring and reporting. The MEE will assess the environmental
performance of the contractor in charge of construction throughout the project and ensure compliance
with the ESMP.
11. The MEE will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of the ESMP by relevant supervisory
staff during construction. During operations the contractor will be accountable for implementation of the
ESMP. Contractors working on the projects have accountability for preventing or minimising
environmental and social impacts.

Administration
12. The MEE will be responsible for the revision or updates of this document during the course of work. It is
the responsibility of the person to whom the document is issued to ensure it is updated.
13. The site supervisor will be responsible for daily environmental inspections of the construction site. The
MEE will cross check these inspections by undertaking monthly audits.
14. The contractor will maintain and keep all administrative and environmental records which would include
a log of complaints together with records of any measures taken to mitigate the cause of the complaints.
15. The contractor will be responsible for the day to day compliance of the ESMP.
16. MEE will be the implementing agency and will be responsible for the implementation and compliance
with the ESMP via the contractor. The ESMP will be part of any tender documentation.
17. The Supervising Engineer/Project Manager will supervise the contractor, while the MEE will be
responsible for environment and social issues.

Public Consultation and Environmental and Social Disclosure

18. The projects are designed to improve access to potable water for over 105,000 people in the northern
atolls of the Maldives. No specific sites have been selected for the desalination plants; however, during
site selection, the project will ensure there are no resettlement issues. The ESIAs will also include public
consultation as part of their stakeholder engagement plan and this information will be included in any
modified ESMP.
19. The projects were discussed with MEE staff. While no on ground consultation has been undertaken at
this time, it is expected that consultation with affected communities will be undertaken when the detail
design of the projects are available by MEE. It is anticipated that based on the communities’ needs, the
projects will be fully accepted.
20. The UNDP and MEE will develop and release Community Flyers on a regular basis to provide interested
stakeholders with an update on the construction status of the projects. A publicised telephone number
will be maintained throughout the construction of all projects to serve as a point of contact for enquiries,
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concerns and complaints. All enquiries, concerns and complaints will be recorded on a
register and the appropriate manager will be informed. All material must be published in both Divehi and
English.
21. Where there is a community issue raised, the following information will be recorded:
a) time, date and nature of enquiry, complaint or concern;
b) type of communication (eg telephone, letter, personal contact);
c) name, contact address and contact number;
d) response and investigation undertaken as a result of the enquiry, complaint or concern; and
e) actions taken and name of the person taking action.
22. Some enquiries, complaints and concerns may require an extended period to address. The
complainant(s) will be kept informed of progress towards rectifying the concern. All enquiries, complaints
and concerns will be investigated and a response given to the complainant in a timely manner.
23. A nominated contractor staff will be responsible for undertaking a review of all enquiries, complaints and
concerns and ensuring progress toward resolution of each matter.

Site Supervisor
24. The site supervisor is responsible for ensuring compliance with the ESMP. The site supervisor will
provide advice on effective environmental management of the project to the UNDP Staff, MEE and
engineers and all construction site personnel. The site supervisor is to also ensure the environmental
awareness of project personnel is maintained through appropriate training. A compliance report on
mitigation measures will be submitted by the UNDP to MEE for the civil contractor. An independent
review of the compliance may be undertaken during construction and post construction where deemed
necessary.

Environmental Procedures and Site and Activity-Specific Work Plans/Instructions

25. Environmental procedures provide a written method describing how the management objectives for a
particular environmental element are to be obtained. They contain the necessary detail to be site or
activity-specific and are required to be followed for all construction works. Site and activity-specific work
plans and instructions are to be issued through the following methods:

Environmental and Incident Reporting

26. Any incidents, including non-conformances to the procedures of the ESMP are to be recorded using an
Incident Record and the details entered into a register. For any incident that causes or has the potential
to cause material or serious environmental harm, the site supervisor shall notify MEE as soon as
possible. The contractor must cease work until remediation has been completed as per the approval of
MEE.

Daily and Weekly Environmental Inspection Checklists

27. A daily environmental checklist is to be completed at each work site by the relevant site supervisor and
maintained within a register. The completed checklist is forwarded to MEE for review and follow-up if
any issues are identified. A weekly environmental checklist is to be completed and will include reference
to any issues identified in the daily checklists completed by the Site Supervisors.

Corrective Actions
28. Any non-conformances to the ESMP are to be noted in weekly environmental inspections and logged
into the register. Depending on the severity of the non- conformance, the site supervisor may specify a
corrective action on the weekly site inspection report. The progress of all corrective actions will be
tracked using the register. Any non-conformances and the issue of corrective actions are to be advised
to MEE.

Complaints Register
29. A complaints register will be established to record any concerns raised by the community during
construction. Any complaint will be advised to the UNDP and MEE within 24 hours of receiving the
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complaint. The complaint will be investigated and following the investigation, if it relates to a
significant incident, the matter will be referred to the UNDP for commentary and/or advice.
30. All complaints must be published in a report produced every six months in both Dhivehi and English.

Review and Auditing

31. The ESMP and its procedures are to be reviewed at least two month by UNDP staff and MEE. The
objective of the review is to update the document to reflect knowledge gained during the course of
construction operations and to reflect new knowledge and changed community standards (values). Any
changes are to be developed and implemented in consultation with UNDP Staff and MEE. When an
update is made, all site personnel are to be made aware of the revision immediately through a tool box
meeting.

Training of Contractors
32. The main contractor has the responsibility for ensuring systems are in place so that relevant employees,
contractors and sub-contractors are aware of the environmental and social requirements for
construction, including the ESMP.
33. All construction personnel will attend an induction which covers health, safety, environment and cultural
requirements.
34. All staff and contractors engaged in any activity with the potential to cause serious environmental harm
(e.g. handling of hazardous materials) will receive task specific environmental training.

Key Environmental and Social Indicators

35. This section identifies the Key Environmental and Social Indicators identified for the project and outlines
respective management objectives, potential impacts, control activities and the environmental
performance criteria against which these indicators will be judged (i.e. auditable). This section further
addresses the need for monitoring and reporting of environmental performance with the aim of
communicating the success and failures of control procedures, distinguish issues which require
rectification and identify measures which will provide continuous improvement in the processes by which
the projects are managed.

Water Quality
36. The projects involve the construction and operation of four desalinations plants, the installation of
rainwater harvesting systems and the recharge of groundwater that is currently over-utilised and subject
to pollution impacts.
37. The desalination plants will result in the release of highly saline brine into the marine environment. While
it is assumed that none of the desalination plants will be constructed in protected and/or pristine
environments, there is a necessity to maintain appropriate water quality standards within these
environments when undertaking the construction and particularly operation of the desalination plants.
38. The groundwater recharge component has the potential to impact degrade the existing environment if
the quality of the water being used for recharge is not of an acceptable standard. As such, it will be
necessary to ensure any grey or black water has at least secondary treatment prior to recharge.

Performance Criteria
39. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. no significant decrease in water quality of the coastal marine environment as a result of
construction and operational activities;
b. no significant decrease in the quality and quantity of surface and/or groundwater as a result of
construction and operational activities in proximity to the projects;
c. water being used for recharge will meet international good practice standards prior to recharge;
d. water quality shall conform to any approval conditions stipulated by UNDP, MEE and/or other
government departments, or in the absence of such conditions follow a ‘no worsening’
methodology;
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e. no offsite impact will occur other than through the release of brine into the marine
environment; and
f. effective implementation of site-specific Erosion, Drainage and Sediment Control Plan (EDSCP).
40. By following the management measures set out in the ESMP, construction and operation of the
desalination plants, rainwater harvesting systems and groundwater recharge will not have a significant
impact on water quality across the broader area.

Monitoring
41. A standardised water quality monitoring program has been developed for the projects. The program is
subject to review and update at least every two months from the date of issue. The site supervisor will
be required to conduct a daily visual inspection for nitrates, phosphates, faecal coliforms and turbidity
within or adjacent to their work area as a part of the daily site inspection checklist.
Reporting
42. All water quality monitoring results and/or incidents will be tabulated and reported as outlined in the
ESMP. The MEE must be notified immediately in the event of any suspected instances of material or
serious environmental harm, or if a determined level with respect to water quality is exceeded.
Table 1: Water Quality Management Measures
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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
W1: Elevated W1.1: Develop and implement a site specific Erosion, Drainage and Sediment Pre Earthworks Site Supervisor Initial set up and then
suspended Control Plan (EDSCP) to address drainage control, sediment and erosion controls as required with
solids, nitrates, and stockpiling of materials including soil during construction of all components of reporting to MEE and
phosphates, the projects. EDSCP measures to be inspected regularly to ensure all devices are UNDP
faecal coliforms, functioning effectively.
silt content and
W1.2: Designated areas for storage of fuels, oils, chemicals or other hazardous Entire All Personnel Weekly with reporting
turbidity in
liquids should have compacted impermeable bases and be surrounded by a bund construction to MEE and UNDP
groundwater
to contain any spillage. and operation
systems.
phase
W1.3: Conduct regular surface and groundwater quality monitoring in location Entire Site Supervisor Twice weekly with
where the groundwater is likely to be impacted including assessing the changes to construction reporting to MEE and
groundwater quality in terms of salinity, nitrates, phosphate, faecal coliforms and and operation UNDP
other potential pollutants. Parameters to be monitored include E.coli, pH, total phase
suspended solids, Residual Chlorine, Nitrate Nitrite, Ammonia, potassium,
surfactants, conductivity, Soap, oils and grease and waxes, Phenolic compounds
as Phenol, heavy metals and acute toxicity
W1.4: Schedule works in stages to ensure that disturbed areas are revegetated Pre Earthworks Site Supervisor Maintain records
and stabilised progressively and as soon as practicable after completion of works. - Works not be and MEE
undertaken
during wet
season
W1.5: Construction materials will not be stockpiled in proximity to the recharge Entire Site Supervisor Maintain daily records
locations and or the coastal environment that may allow for release into the marine construction
environment. Construction equipment will be removed from in proximity to the and operation
coastal environment at the end of each working day or if heavy rainfall is predicted. phase

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Action Timing Responsibility

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Monitoring and
Reporting
W2: W2.1 Minimise the release of clays and very fine silts into the coastal environment Entire All Personnel Weekly with reporting
Eutrophication through the installation of sediment basins, rock checks and sediment fences in construction to MEE and UNDP
of surrounding appropriate places as outlined in the EDSCPs. phase
water bodies
and impacts W2.2 Disturbance of vegetation and drainage lines to be limited to that required for Entire All Personnel Weekly with reporting
construction works when installing water tanks and construction of the desalination construction to MEE and UNDP
from elevated
plants. phase
nutrient levels.
W2.3 Manage the application of fertilisers (if required during rehabilitation of any site) Post Site Supervisor Maintain records
to ensure that over application does not occur. Construction
W3: Increase of W3.1: Reuse suitable water runoff from site to supplement construction water All phases All Personnel Weekly with reporting
gross supply. to MEE and UNDP
pollutants,
W3.2: Designated areas for storage of fuels, oils, chemicals or other hazardous All phases All Personnel Weekly with reporting
hydrocarbons,
metals and liquids should: to MEE and UNDP
other chemical 1. Have compacted impermeable bases; and
pollutants
including brine 2. Surrounded by a bund to contain any spillage.
into the W3.3: Check all vehicles, equipment and material storage areas daily for possible All phases All Personnel Daily and maintain
groundwater or fuel, oil and chemical leaks. records
marine
environment. W3.4: Rubbish and waste materials to be placed in suitable facilities to ensure that All phases All Personnel Weekly reporting to
they do not enter the coastal environment. Ensure all absorbent material is placed MEE and UNDP
in contaminant bags prior to removal.
W3.5: Minimise the use of herbicides and use only biodegradable herbicides that All phases All personnel Maintain records
have minimal impact on water quality and fauna.
W3.6: Ensure brine is quickly diluted in the marine environment so as not to cause Entire All Personnel Weekly reporting to
any adverse impacts operation MEE and UNDP
phase

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Erosion, Drainage and Sediment Control
43. The Maldive Islands comprise over 1200 islands on 22 atolls that encompass an area of ~107,500km2
of which less than 0.3 percent is land area. The islands occupy the central 700 km-long portion of the
3000 km-long Lacadive-Chagos submarine ridge where they form a double chain of north-south oriented
parallel atolls separated by an inner sea. The atolls rest on a submarine plateau that is 275-700 m deep,
700 km long and up to 130 km wide.
44. The islands themselves are low-lying Holocene features that began forming between 3,000 and 5,500
years ago. The islands represent the most recent deposition along a submarine plateau that is underlain
by approximately 2100 meters of mostly shallow-water carbonates resting on slowly-subsiding Eocene
volcanic foundation.
45. The islands are composed primarily of reef-derived carbonate sediment that has been deposited by
waves and currents. The islands are either seaward edge islands on the peripheral atoll rim formed of
sand and gravel with steep coarse beaches along their seaward margins and sand beaches along their
lagoon (protected) shores; or lagoon-edge islands composed mostly of sand with minor amounts of
gravel; and sand-cay type islands which form both on peripheral rims and within lagoonal reef-top
settings. Land elevation is generally less than 2 m above mean sea level. Because of their
unconsolidated nature, the islands are considered ephemeral features over geologic timescales and
their low elevation makes them particularly vulnerable to changes in sea level.

Performance Criteria
46. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. no build-up of sediment in the coastal marine environment and or groundwater as a result of
construction and operation activities;
b. no degradation of water quality on or off site of all projects;
c. all water exiting the project site and/or into groundwater systems is to have passed through best
practice erosion, drainage and sediment controls; and
d. effective implementation of site-specific EDSCP.
47. By following the management measures set out in the ESMP, construction and operation activities of
the projects will not have a significant impact as a result of sedimentation across the broader area.

Monitoring
48. A standardised sediment control monitoring program has been developed for the projects. The program
is subject to review and update at least every two months from the date of issue. The site supervisor will
be required to:
a. conduct site inspections on a weekly basis or after rainfall events exceeding 20mm in a 24 hour
period;
b. develop a site-specific checklist to document non-conformances to this ESMP or any applicable
EDSCPs; and
c. communicate the results of inspections and/or water quality testing to the Site Supervisor and
ensure that any issues associated with control failures are rapidly rectified and processes are put
in place to ensure that similar failures are not repeated.
49. It is the responsibility of the site supervisor to:
a. conduct daily inspections of EDS control measures as part of the Daily Check Procedure; and
b. consult MEE and UNDP staff when a non-conformance is suspected and amend accordingly.

Reporting
50. All sediment and erosion control monitoring results and/or incidents will be tabulated and reported as
outlined in the ESMP. The MEE must be notified immediately in the event of any suspected instances
of material or serious environmental harm, or if a determined level with respect to erosion and sediment
control is exceeded.

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Table 2: Erosion, Drainage, Sediment Control Measures

Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
E1: Loss of soil E1.1: Develop and implement an EDSCP for any surface works, embankments Entire All Personnel Maintain records
material and and excavation work, water crossings and stormwater pathways. construction
sedimentation to phase
the marine
environment E1.2: Ensure that erosion and sediment control devices are installed, inspected Entire All Personnel Maintain records
and/or and maintained as required. construction
phase
groundwater
systems from E1.3: Schedule/stage works to minimise cleared areas and exposed soils at all Pre and during Site Supervisor Maintain records
site due to times. construction
earthwork
activities E1.4: Incorporate the design and location of temporary and permanent EDSC Pre and during Site Supervisor Maintain records
measures for all exposed areas and drainage lines. These shall be implemented construction
prior to pre-construction activities and shall remain onsite during work
E1.5: Schedule/stage proposed works to ensure that major vegetation Pre and during Site Supervisor Maintain records
disturbance and earthworks are carried out during periods of lower rainfall and construction
wind speeds.
E1.6: Strip and stockpile topsoil for use during revegetation. Pre and during Site Supervisor Maintain records
construction
E1.7: Schedule/stage works to minimise the duration of stockpiling topsoil During All Personnel Maintain records
material construction
E1.8: Locate stockpile areas away from drainage pathways, waterways and Pre and during Site Supervisor Maintain records
sensitive locations. construction
E1.9: Design stormwater management measures to reduce flow velocities and Pre and during Site Supervisor Maintain records
avoid concentrating runoff. construction

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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
E1.10: Include check dams in drainage lines where necessary to reduce flow Pre and during Site Supervisor Maintain records
velocities and provide some filtration of sediment. construction
E1.11: Mulching shall be used as a form of erosion and sediment control and During All Personnel Maintain records
where used on any slopes (dependent on site selection), include extra sediment construction
fencing during high rainfall.
E1.12: Bunding shall be used either within watercourses or around During All Personnel Maintain records
sensitive/dangerous goods as necessary. construction
E1.14: Grassed buffer strips shall be incorporated where necessary during During Site Supervisor Maintain records
construction to reduce water velocity. construction
E1.15: Silt curtain to be installed to protect from increased sediment loads. During Contractors Maintain records
construction
E1.16: Excess sediment in all erosion and sediment control structures (eg. During Contractors Maintain records
sediment basins, check dams) shall be removed when necessary to allow for construction
adequate holding capacity.
E2: Soil E2.1: If contamination is uncovered or suspected (outside of the project Entire All Personnel Daily and maintain
contamination foorprints), undertake a Stage 1 preliminary site contamination investigation. The construction records
contractor should cease work if previously unidentified contamination is phase
encountered and activate management procedures and obtain
advice/permits/approval (as required).
E2.2: Adherence to best practice for the removal and disposal of contaminated Entire All Personnel Daily and maintain
soil/ material from site (if required), including contaminated soil within the project construction records
footprints. phase
E2.3: Drainage control measures to ensure runoff does not contact contaminated Entire All Personnel Daily and maintain
areas (including contaminated material within the project foot prints) and is construction records
directed/diverted to stable areas for release. phase

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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
E2.4: Avoid importing fill that may result in site contamination and lacks Entire All Personnel Daily and maintain
accompanying certification/documentation. Where fill is not available through on construction records
site cut, it must be tested in accordance with geotechnical specifications. phase

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Noise and Vibration
51. All construction and operation activities have the potential to cause noise nuisance. Vibration
disturbance to nearby residents and sensitive habitats is likely to be caused through the use of vibrating
equipment. Blasting is not required to be undertaken as part of this project. Further, the intakes and
diffusers can create underwater noise via pumps.
52. It is assumed that there are no sensitive receptors in proximity to the projects.
53. Contractors involved in construction activities should be familiar with methods of controlling noisy
machines and alternative construction procedures as contained within specific Maldives’ legislation or
in its absence, international good practice may be used if the legislation has not been enacted.
54. The detail, typical equipment sound power levels, provides advice on project supervision and gives
guidance noise reduction. Potential noise sources during construction may include:
a. excavation equipment for all aspects of the projects including for the installation of rainwater
harvesting systems and desalination plants;
b. delivery vehicles;
c. pumps; and
d. power tools and compressors.

Performance Criteria
55. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. noise from construction and operational activities must not cause an environmental nuisance at
any noise sensitive place;
b. undertake measures at all times to assist in minimising the noise associated with construction
activities;
c. no damage to off-site property caused by vibration from construction and operation activities; and
d. corrective action to respond to complaints is to occur within 48 hours.

Monitoring
56. A standardised noise monitoring program has been developed for the projects. The program is subject
to review and update at least every two months from the date of issue. Importantly, the site supervisor
will:
a. ensure equipment and machinery is regularly maintained and appropriately operated;
b. carry out potentially noisy construction activities during daylight hours only; i.e. 7am -5pm.

Reporting
57. All noise monitoring results and/or incidents will be tabulated and reported as outlined in the ESMP.
The MEE must be notified immediately in the event of any suspected instances of material or serious
environmental harm, or if a determined level with respect to noise is exceeded.

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Table 3: Noise and Vibration Management Measures

Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
N1: Increased N1.1: Select plant and equipment and specific design work practices to ensure that All phases Contractor Maintain records
noise levels noise emissions are minimised during construction and operation including all
pumping equipment.
N1.2: Specific noise reduction devices such as silencers, mufflers and/or acoustic Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
rock breaking heads shall be installed as appropriate to site plant and equipment. construction
N1.3 Minimise the need for and limit the emissions as far as practicable if noise Construction All Personnel Daily and maintain
generating construction works are to be carried out outside of the hours: 7am-5pm phase records
(Mon - Fri).
N1.4: Consultation with nearby residents in advance of construction activities Construction All Personnel Daily and maintain
particularly if noise generating construction activities are to be carried out outside of phase records
the hours: 7am-5pm (Mon - Fri) and 7am-3pm (Sat).
N1.5 The use of substitution control strategies shall be implemented, whereby Construction All Personnel Daily and maintain
excessive noise generating equipment items onsite are replaced with other phase records
alternatives.
N1.6 Provide temporary construction noise barriers in the form of solid hoardings Construction Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
where there may be an impact on specific residents. phase records
N1.7 All incidents complaints and non-compliances related to noise shall be Construction Site Supervisor Maintain records
reported in accordance with the site incident reporting procedures and summarised phase
in the register.
N1.8 The contractor should conduct employee and operator training to improve Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
awareness of the need to minimise excessive noise in work practices through construction
implementation of measures.
N2. Vibration N2.1: Identify properties, structures and habitat locations that will be sensitive to Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
due to vibration impacts resulting from construction and operation of the projects. construction
construction
N2.2: Design to give due regard to temporary and permanent mitigation measures Pre- Contractor Maintain records
for noise and vibration from construction and operational vibration impacts. construction

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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
N2.3: All incidents, complaints and con-compliances related to vibration shall be Construction Site Supervisor Maintain records
reported in accordance with the site incident reporting procedures and summarised phase
in the register.
N2.4: During construction, standard measure shall be taken to locate and protect Construction Site Supervisor Maintain records
underground services from construction and operational vibration impacts phase

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Air Quality
58. All construction activities have the potential to cause air quality nuisance although this will be reduced
for example, through the use of solar infrastructure to operate the desalination plants.
59. Vibration disturbance to nearby residents is likely to be caused through the use of vibrating rollers,
graders and construction traffic. Blasting is not required to be undertaken as part of this project.
60. It is assumed that there are no sensitive receptors in proximity to the projects.
61. Contractors involved in construction and operation activities should be familiar with methods minimising
the impacts of deleterious air quality and alternative construction procedures as contained in the
Maldives’ legislation.

Performance Criteria
62. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. release of dust/particle matter must not cause an environmental nuisance;
b. undertake measures at all times to assist in minimising the air quality impacts associated with
construction and operation activities; and
c. corrective action to respond to complaints is to occur within 48 hours.

Monitoring
63. A standardised air monitoring program has been developed for the projects. The program is subject to
review and update at least every two months from the date of issue. Importantly, the site supervisor will:
a. ensure all stockpiles are covered so as to not allow dust to generate; and
b. the requirement for dust suppression will be visually observed by all personnel daily and by MEE
and UNDP staff when undertaking routine site inspections (minimum frequency of once per week).

Reporting
64. All air quality monitoring results and/or incidents will be tabulated and reported as outlined in the ESMP.
The MEE must be notified immediately in the event of any suspected instances of material or serious
environmental harm, or if a determined level with respect to air quality is exceeded.

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Table 4: Air Quality Management Measures
Annex VIb – Environmental and Social Management Plan
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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
A1: Increase in A1.1: Implement effective dust management measures in all areas during design, Pre and during All Personnel Daily and maintain
dust levels at construction and operation. construction records
sensitive
A1.2: Install dust gauges at locations identified for construction lay down and During Site Supervisor Daily and Weekly
locations
stockpiling within the project footprints. construction Reports
A1.3: Manage dust/particulate matter generating activities to ensure that emissions During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
do not cause an environmental nuisance at any sensitive locations construction records
A1.4: Construction activities should minimising risks associated with climatic During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
events. construction records
A1.5: Implement scheduling/staging of proposed works to ensure major vegetation Entire Contractor Daily and maintain
disturbance and earthworks are minimised. construction records
A1.6: Ensure that materials to be stockpiled onsite are not ordered and/or Entire Contractor Daily and maintain
purchased until they are required for works. construction records
A1.7: Locate material stockpile areas as far as practicable from sensitive receptors. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records
A1.8: Source sufficient water of a suitable quality for dust suppression activities During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
complying with any water restrictions. construction records
A1.9: Schedule revegetation activities to ensure optimum survival of vegetation During Site Supervisor Maintain records
species. construction
A1.10: Ensure an air quality management plan is developed and implemented. Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
construction
A1.11: Rubbish skips and receptacles should be covered and located as far as During Site Supervisor Maintain records
practicable from sensitive locations. construction
A1.12: Restrict speeds on haul roads and access tracks. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records
A1.13: Cover loads of haul trucks and equipment and plant when not in use and in During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
transit. construction records

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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
A2. Increase in A2.1 Ensure construction vehicles are switched off when not in use. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
vehicle construction records
emissions
A2.2 Ensure only vehicles required to undertake works are operated onsite. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
(including
construction records
odours and
fumes) A2.3 Ensure all construction vehicles, plant and machinery are maintained and During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
operated in accordance with design standards and specifications. construction records
A2.4 Develop and implement an induction program for all site personnel, which Pre and during Contractor Daily and maintain
includes as a minimum an outline of the minimum requirements for environmental construction records
management relating to the site.
A2.5 Locate construction car park and vehicle/plant/equipment storage areas as far During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
as practicable from sensitive locations. construction records
A2.6 Direct exhaust emissions of mobile plant away from the ground. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records
A2.7 Rubbish skips and receptacles should be covered and located as far as During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
practicable from sensitive locations. construction records

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Flora and Fauna
65. It is assumed that the majority of the project areas have been previously disturbed although vegetation
may still exist. Further, it is assumed that the desalination plants will be located in areas that do not
contain important marine habitats.
66. Contractors involved in construction activities should be familiar with methods minimising the impacts of
clearing vegetation to minimise the footprints of all projects to that essential for the works and rehabilitate
disturbed areas. By doing these activities, the projects should minimise the impact upon terrestrial and
marine flora and fauna where ever practical.

Performance Criteria
67. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. no clearance of vegetation outside of the designated clearing boundaries;
b. no death to native fauna as a result of clearing activities;
c. no deleterious impacts on marine habitats
d. no introduction of new weed species as a result of construction activities;
e. no increase in existing weed proliferation within or outside of the corridor as a result of
construction activities; and
f. successful establishment of rehabilitation works incorporating species native to the local area.

Monitoring
68. A flora and fauna monitoring program has been developed for the projects. The program is subject to
review and update at least every two months from the date of issue. Importantly, the site supervisor will
when undertaking clearing works, will compile a weekly report to MEE and UNDP staff outlining:
a. any non-conformances to this ESMP;
b. the areas that have been rehabilitated during the preceding week; and
c. details of the corrective action undertaken.

Reporting
69. All flora and fauna monitoring results and/or incidents will be tabulated and reported as outlined in the
ESMP. The MEE must be notified immediately in the event of any suspected instances of death to fauna
and where vegetation if detrimental impacted.

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Table 5: Flora and Fauna Management Measures

Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
FF1. Habitat loss FF1.1 Limit vegetation clearing and minimise habitat disturbance through adequate During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
and disturbance protection and management of retained vegetation. construction records
of fauna

FF1.2: Minimise noise levels and lighting intrusion throughout construction and During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
operation in the vicinity of any sensitive locations. construction records
FF1.3: Ensure that all site personnel are made aware of sensitive fauna/habitat areas During Contractor Daily and maintain
and the requirements for the protection of these areas. construction records
FF1.4 Minimise disturbance to onsite fauna and recover and rescue any injured or During Contractor Daily and maintain
orphaned fauna during construction and operation. construction records, report to MEE
FF2. Introduced FF2.1: Implement an EDSCP to reduce the spread of weeds through erosion and Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
flora and weed sediment entering any waterways and therefore spreading. construction
species
FF2.2: Revegetate disturbed areas using native and locally endemic species that During Site Supervisor As required and
have high habitat value. construction maintain records
FF2.3: Minimise disturbance to mature remnant vegetation, particularly canopy trees. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records
FF2.4: The removal of regrowth native trees should be minimised particularly where During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
the width of a forest is narrow. construction records
FF2.5: Small trees and shrubs shall be removed in preference to large trees. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records
FF2.6: Vegetation to be removed shall be clearly marked using paint or flagging tape. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records

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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
FF2. Introduced FF2.7: Environmental weeds and noxious weeds within the project footprints shall be During and Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
flora and weed controlled. post records
species construction

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Waste Management
Annex VIb – Environmental and Social Management Plan
GREEN CLIMATE FUND FUNDING PROPOSAL
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70. The MEE advocate good waste management practice. The preferred waste management hierarchy and
principles for achieving good waste management is as follows:
a. waste avoidance(avoid using unnecessary material on the projects) ;
b. waste re-use (re-use material and reduce disposing);
c. waste recycling(recycle material such as cans, bottles, etc.; and
d. waste disposal (all petruscible to be dumped at approved landfills).
71. The key waste streams generated during construction are likely to include demolition wastes, this being
the removal of any existing structures located in the project footprints and associated works that will
have to be demolished. This will include, but not limited to, shrubs/trees, pavements, power poles etc.
The wastes to be generated will mostly be vegetation-based and also include:
a. filters etc used in the desalination process;
b. filters used in the treatment of grey and black water for recharging groundwater aquifers;
c. the excavation wastes unsuitable for reuse during earthworks;
d. wastes from construction equipment maintenance. Various heavy vehicles and construction
equipment will be utilised for the duration of the construction phase. Liquid hazardous wastes
from cleaning, repairing and maintenance of this equipment may be generated. Likewise leakage
or spillage of fuels/oils within the site needs to be managed and disposed of appropriately;
e. non-hazardous liquid wastes will be generated through the use of workers’ facilities such as
toilets; and
f. general wastes including scrap materials and biodegradable wastes
72. Contractors involved in construction and operational activities should be familiar with methods
minimising the impacts of clearing vegetation to minimise the footprint to that essential for the works and
rehabilitate disturbed areas. By doing these activities, the projects should minimise the impact of waste
generated by the project.

Performance Criteria
73. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. waste generation is minimised through the implementation of the waste hierarchy (avoidance,
reduce, reuse, recycle);
b. no litter will be observed within the project corridor or surrounds as a result of activities by site
personnel;
c. no complaints received regarding waste generation and management;
d. any waste from on-site portable sanitary facilities will be sent off site for disposal by a waste
licensed contractor; and
e. waste oils obtained from the oil separator will be collected and disposed or recycled off-site, local
oil companies or shipped for recycling.

Monitoring
74. A waste management monitoring program has been developed for the projects. The program is subject
to review and update at least every two months from the date of issue.

Reporting
75. The MEE must be notified immediately in the event of any suspected instances of material or serious
environmental harm, or if a determined level with respect to waste is exceeded.
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Table 6: Waste Management Measures

Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
WT1: WT1.1: Preference shall be given to materials that can be used to construct the Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
Production of project that would reduce the direct and indirect waste generated. construction
wastes and
WT1.2: Consideration shall be given to the use of recycled aggregates and fly-ash Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
excessive use of
cement mixes for construction of the desalination plants. construction
resources
WT1.3: Daily waste practices shall be carried out unless these are delegated to the During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
activities of external waste management bodies. construction records
WT1.4: The use of construction materials shall be optimised and where possible a During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
recycling policy adopted. construction records
WT1.5: Separate waste streams shall be maintained at all times i.e. general During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
domestic waste, construction waste and contaminated waste. Specific areas on site construction records
shall be designated for the temporary management of the various waste streams.
Adequate signage and colour coded bins will be used for each waste streams.
WT1.6: Any contaminated waste shall be disposed of at an approved landfill. During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
construction records
WT1.7: Recyclable waste (including oil and some construction waste) shall be During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
collected separately and disposed of correctly. construction records
WT1.8: Waste sites shall be sufficiently covered daily to ensure that wildlife does During Site Supervisor Daily
not have access. construction
WT1.9: Disposal of waste including all filters shall be carried out in accordance with During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
the Government of the Maldives’ requirements. construction records
WT1.10: Fuel and lubricant leakages from vehicles and plant shall be immediately During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
rectified. construction records
WT1.11: Where possible, concrete batching plants shall be centrally located to Pre and during Contractor Maintain records
minimise the occurrence of concrete batching at individual construction locations. construction
WT1.12: Major maintenance and repairs shall be carried out off-site whenever During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
practicable. construction records

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Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
WT1.13: Remnants of concrete shall not be left at any location along the corridor. During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
Construction records
WT1.14: Disposal of trees shall be undertaken in accordance with one or more of During Site Supervisor Weekly and maintain
the following methods: Construction records
a. Left in place;
b. Chipped and mulched; and
c. Large trunk sections may be sold/passed on to a commercial mill.
WT1.15: Hydrocarbon wastes shall be stored in colour coded and labelled drums During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
placed around fuelling depots. Construction records
WT1.16: Where possible, fuel and chemical storage and handling shall be During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
undertaken at central fuel and chemical storage facilities, such as petrol stations. Construction records
WT1.17: On-site storage of fuel and chemicals shall be kept to a minimum. During Contractor Daily, maintain
Construction records and report
any incidents
WT1.18: Any waste oils and lubricants are to be collected and transported to During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
recyclers or designated disposal sites as soon as possible. Construction records
WT1.19: Any dangerous goods stored on site shall be stored in accordance with During Contractor Daily and maintain
Maldives’ regulations. Construction records

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Chemical and Fuel Management
76. The key types of chemicals and fuels likely to be stored on-site during construction include but are not
limited to:
a. diesel and unleaded petrol for the refuelling of plant equipment and generators;
b. grease etc used during construction;
c. chemicals used during the reverse osmosis process include but are not limited to chlorine, sodium
hypochlorite, sodium bisulphate, heavy metals, anti-scalants; coagulants like ferric- or aluminum
chloride; antifoaming agents like polyglycols; biocides; and cleaning chemicals; and
d. chemicals used in the treatment of grey and black water for recharge into the groundwater
aquifers.
77. If not handled, stored or used appropriately, contamination of land and the coastal marine environment
and groundwater systems could occur. The accidental discharge of hazardous materials during
construction and operation activities is a potential risk to the local environment. Accordingly, all oil,
grease, diesel, petrol and chemicals should be stored off site within a bunded area.
78. Potential activities which could result in spills are:
a. use of machinery and vehicles – potential for fuels, oils and lubricant spills;
b. transport, storage and handling of fuels, machinery oils, grease;
c. transport, storage and handling of cement/asphalt(bitumen) and other construction materials;
d. potential release of chemicals used in the desalination process into the surrounding marine
environment;
e. potential release of chemicals used in the waste water treatment process into the groundwater
aquifers; and
f. Impacts associated with hazardous materials will primarily be associated with the storage and
handling during the construction and operation phase.

Performance Criteria
79. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. ensure a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Register should be developed for all chemicals and
fuels retained on site;
b. handling and storage of hazardous material is in accordance with the relevant legislation and best
management practices;
c. all spills are reported to MEE within one hour of occurrence; and
d. no spills enter the local estuarine and/or coastal environment; and
e. prevent the uncontrolled release of oil, grease and diesel to the environment;
f. no spills of hazardous materials;
g. no chemical spills into the groundwater aquifers; and
h. no contamination of land due to spills of hazardous materials.

Monitoring
80. A chemical and fuel management program has been developed for the projects. The program is subject
to review and update at least every two months from the date of issue. Importantly, the site supervisor
should:
a. conducted daily chemical and fuel assessments as part of their daily check procedure;
b. manage the selection, purchase, storage, handling and disposal of chemicals to ensure minimal
environmental impact;
c. regularly inspect equipment that uses fuel, lubricants and/or hydraulic fluid;
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d. regular inspect all equipment used in the desalination process for leaks etc;
e. develop procedures and install equipment to contain, minimise and recover spills; and
f. provide staff with procedures and training in spill prevention and clean up.

Reporting
81. The MEE must be notified immediately in the event of any suspected instances of material or serious
environmental harm, or if a determined level as a result of a chemical or fuel leak or spill.

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Table 7: Chemical and Fuels Management Measures

Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
C1 Poor C1.1: Prepare spill management plan addressing measures Pre- Contractor Maintain records and
management of construction weekly reporting
chemicals and
C1.2: Store and handle all chemicals, fuels, oils and potentially hazardous materials During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
fuels
as specified in relevant standards and guidelines. All hazardous materials to be Construction records
approved for use onsite. All hazardous materials and construction fuel will be
stored in appropriate storage facilities (e.g. fuel and chemicals will be stored in a
bunded area).
C1.3: Hydrocarbon wastes shall be stored in colour coded and labelled drums During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
placed around fuelling depots and disposed of. Construction records
C1.4: Where possible, fuel and chemical storage and handling shall be undertaken During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
at central fuel and chemical storage facilities, such as petrol stations/site depot. Construction records
C1.5: Onsite storage of fuel and chemicals shall be kept to a minimum. During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
Construction records
C1.6: Emergency clean up kits for oil and chemical spills will be available onsite During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
and in all large vehicles. Construction records
C1.7: Refuelling activities to preferentially occur off site however if required onsite During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
ensure refuelling activities occur in designated areas of the site where appropriate Construction records
temporary protection measures have been designed/located and are no less than
20 metres from surface waters and drainage lines.

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Emergency Response Plan
82. In the event of actions occurring, which may result in serious health, safety and environmental
(catastrophic) damage, emergency response or contingency actions will be implemented as soon as
possible to limit the extent of environmental damage.
83. It is assumed that there are residences located close to the rain water harvesting system that may be
damaged in the event of a fire. By contrast, it is assumed that no residences will be located in proximity
to the desalination plants and treatment facilities for groundwater recharge.
84. The contractor will need to incorporate construction emergency responses into the project complying
with the requirements under the Occupational, Health and Safety Policy of the contractor or the work
related Government of the Maldives legislation.

Performance Criteria
85. The following performance criteria are set for the construction of the projects:
a. no incident of fire outbreak during construction;
b. reduce the risk of fire by undertaking hot works within cleared locations;
c. provide an immediate and effective response to incidents that represent a risk to public health,
safety or the environment; and
d. minimise environmental harm due to unforeseen incidents.

Monitoring
86. An emergency response monitoring program has been developed for the projects. The program is
subject to review and update at least every two months from the date of issue. Importantly, visual
inspections will be conducted by site supervisor daily with reporting to MEE and UNDP staff on a weekly
basis (minimum) noting any non-conformances to this ESMP.

Reporting
87. The MEE and UNDP staff must be notified immediately in the event of any emergency, including fire or
health related matter including those that have resulted in serious environmental harm.

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Table 8: Emergency Management Measures

Issue Control Activity (and Source) Action Timing Responsibility Monitoring and
Reporting
E1. Fire and E1.1: Flammable and combustible liquids bunding/storage areas to be designed in Pre and during Contractor Daily and maintain
Emergency accordance with appropriate international standards construction records
management
E1.2: Fire extinguishers are to be available within all site vehicle During Contractor Daily and maintain
and prevention
construction records
strategies
implemented E1.3: No open fires are permitted within the project area During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records
E1.4: No cigarette butts are to be disposed of onto the ground throughout the During All Personnel Daily and maintain
project area, all smokers must carry a portable disposal bin to reduce the risk of a construction records
spot fire starting and general litter
E1.5: Any stockpiles of mulch are not to exceed two metres in height and width and During All Personnel Daily and maintain
must be turned regularly. construction records
E1.6: Train all staff in emergency preparedness and response (cover health and During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
safety at the work site) construction records
E1.7: Check and replenish First Aid Kits During Site Supervisor Daily and maintain
construction records
E1.8: Use of Personal Protection Equipment During All Personnel Daily and maintain
construction records

30