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ˆZwi I wewµ nZ| †jvKwkí n‡”Q fvi‡Zi GKvšÍ wbR¯^ †`kR wkí| 1942-Õ43-Gi gš^šÍ‡ii c‡i 1943 mv‡j K¨vjKvUv MÖæ‡ci QvZvi
ZvRgnj, ARšÍv I B‡jviv ¸nvK‡g© †jvKwk‡íi cÖfve Acwimxg| Iqviwj, bx‡P Avkªq wb‡qwQ‡jb evsjvi Zveo me wkíx| i_xb ˆgÎ, Aebx †mb,
†WvKiv cÖf…wZ wPÎKjv †jvKwkíKjvi cÖK…ó D`vniY| Gici Av‡m gyNj cwi‡Zvl †mb, bxi` gRyg`vi, ivgwK¼i †eRÑ KZ bvg! 1947-G weªwUk
wPÎKjv I wgwb‡qPvi| mgªvU Rvnv½xi wb‡RB wQ‡jb D”Pv‡½i wPÎKi| gyNj kvm‡bi Aemv‡bi ci QqRb wkíxÑ Avi GBP Aviv, Gm †K evKwi, GBP
mgªvU‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvq fvi‡Z `xN©Kvj Bmjvgx Nivbvi wPÎKjvi weKvk G †Mo, gKeyj wd`v û‡mb, Gm GBP ivRv I d«vwÝm wbDUb myRv cÖ‡MÖwmf
N‡U| Bmjvgx K¨vwjMÖvwd †Zv RMwØL¨vZ| gyNj ¯’vcZ¨ I wkíKjv fviZxq AvwU©÷m& MÖæc cÖwZôv K‡ib| wKqrKvj c‡i Gme MÖæ‡ci we‡jvc NU‡jI
wkífvebvq GK bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i| fviZxq wkíKjvi BwZnv‡m Giv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv iv‡Lb| cÂv‡ki `k‡K
fviZxq wkíKjvq AvaywbKZvi m~ÎcvZ weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi fvi‡Zi me wkíx cÖvq †Kvb bv †Kvb †Mvôxi m‡½ hy³ wQ‡jb| evj Pe`v, wf
nvZ a‡i| B‡Zvc~‡e© ivRv-gnvivRviv wQ‡jb wkíKjvi cÖavb c„ô‡cvlK wKš‘ Gm †MB‡Uv‡Û, K…‡lY Lvbœv, ivgKzgvi, Zv‡qe †gn&Zv, †`‡e›`i wms, AvKei
weªwUk Avg‡j †`kxq iv‡R¨i cZb I cwðgv fveavivi AwfNv‡Z fvi‡Z c`gmx, Rb DBjwKbm&, wn¤§Z kvn&, †hv‡Mb †PŠayix I g‡bvwRr evIqv G
bZzb GK wkí Av‡›`vj‡bi m~Pbv nq| Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKzi (1971-1951)-‡K mgqKvi weL¨vZ wkíx| bZzb cÖR‡b¥i wkíx‡`i g‡a¨ mÄq fÆvPvh©, †evm
fvi‡Zi AvaywbK wkíKjvi RbK ejv nq| fviZxq RvZxqZvev` I mgMÖ K…ògvPvix, bvivqY ivgP›`ªb, MxZv ev‡aiv, †`e‡R¨vwZ ivq, mZxk ¸ß I
Gwkqvev` (c¨vb-GwkqvwbRg) bZzb wkíNivbvi Rb¥ †`qÑ GUvB †e½j wkí weKvk fÆvPv‡h©i bvg D‡jøL‡hvM¨|

5
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fvi‡Zi wkíKjvi †ÿ‡Î LyeB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b wkíPP©v ev w`‡K wd‡i hvq| wkíx wn‡m‡e b›`jvj wQ‡jb fviZxq HwZ‡n¨i m‡½ hy³
wkíKjvi Av‡›`vjb ïiæ n‡qwQj 1920-Gi `k‡K hLb fviZe‡l©i Ab¨ Ges m¤ú„³| wZwb ARšÍv, B‡jviv, G¨vwjd¨v›Uv, UvBMvi †Kf †`‡L‡Qb
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iwe eg©v I c‡i w`wjø-cÄv‡e Ag„Zv †kiwMj B‡Zvg‡a¨ wkíx wn‡m‡e hvq| Avevi ivgwK¼‡ii Kv‡R †`L‡Z cvB cwðgx wkíKjvi cÖfve|
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MM‡b›`ªbv_, mybqbx‡`ex wkíPP©vq e¨¯Í| Avi wQ‡jb hvwgbx ivq| b›`jvj hvq exif~‡gi gvwUi MÜ| GB Abyfe Zvi g‡a¨B wQj| Zuvi †e‡o
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Kjvfe‡bi Aa¨ÿ K‡i kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b wb‡q G‡mwQ‡jb| b›`jv‡ji `yB K‡i wPb I Rvcv‡bi| Rvcvb †_‡K weL¨vZ gb¯^x wkí-`vk©wbK IKvKziv
QvÎÑ ivgwK¼i †eR I we‡bv`wenvix gy‡Lvcva¨vq| iex›`ªbv_, b›`jvj, KvKz‡Rv kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b G‡mwQ‡jb| wZwb VvKzievwo I kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi
ivgwK¼i I we‡bv`wenvixÑ GB PviRb n‡”Qb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi cÖavb wkíx wkíAv`k©‡K Mfxifv‡e cÖfvweZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Gfv‡e †`wL cye Ges
Ges GB PviRbB AvšÍR©vwZK wkíKjvi RM‡Z gvb¨Zv cvevi †hvM¨| cwð‡gi wkíPP©vi fvebv †_‡K Kjvfe‡bi wkíwkÿv h‡_ó cÖfvweZ
GQvov Aebx›`ªbv_ VvKz‡iiI GKUv f~wgKv i‡q‡Q| iex›`ªbv‡_i ci Dwb n‡q‡Q| HwZ‡n¨i m‡½ m„wókxj AvaywbKZvi PP©vi ga¨ w`‡q Kjvfe‡bi
wek¦fviZxi AvPvh© n‡qwQ‡jb| †m mgq Dwb Kjvfe‡b G‡m em‡Zb| wkíwkÿv hv fviZxq wkíKjv‡K Aek¨B mg„× K‡iwQj|
Z‡e kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi wkíPP©vi †ÿ‡Î Aebx›`ªbv‡_i †Kvb we‡kl ¸iæZ¡c~Y© AviI GKUv welq, Zv nj †`qvj-wPÎKjvi (gy¨ivj Av‡U©i)
f~wgKv wQj bv| wKš‘ b›`jv‡ji GKUv weivU f~wgKv wQj kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b wifvBfvj| G welqwU wkíx b›`jv‡jiB Ae`vb| ARšÍv B‡jviv †`‡L
wkíKjv wkÿvi †ÿ‡Î| iex›`ªbv‡_i QÎQvqvq wZwb Kjvfe‡bi g~j wfZ G‡m wZwb GB Kv‡R eªZx nb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi Qv·`i wb‡q| ZuviB
M‡o †Zv‡jb| kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b Ggb GKwU wkÿv cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjvi Drmv‡n wPbvfe‡bi †`qv‡j, wnw›`fe‡b, QvÎvev‡m Ges kvwšÍwb‡KZb
fvebv iex›`ªbv‡_i wQj hv n‡e †Lvjv AvKv‡ki bx‡P cÖK…wZi KvQvKvwQ| kªxwb‡KZb bvbv RvqMvq gy¨iv‡ji KvR nq| wnw›`fe‡b Ô†mB›Um Ad
gvÎ cuvPRb Qv·K wb‡q wZwb eªþPh©vkªg ïiæ K‡iwQ‡jb| BwÛqvÕ, QvÎvev‡mi wmwj‡O exif~‡gi MÖvg¨ cÖK…wZ Ges AviI A‡bK
AvšÍR©vwZK fvebv wb‡q iex›`ªbv_ †P‡qwQ‡jb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b cye gy¨iv‡ji KvR nq| AvR †m-me fviZweL¨vZ| cieZ©xKv‡j D‡jøL‡hvM¨
Ges cwð‡gi mKj fveavivi wgjb| c~e© I `wÿY c~e© Gwkqvi wPb, gy¨iv‡ji KvR K‡i‡Qb †mvgbv_ †nvo Ges †K wR myeªþwbqg| ivgwK¼i
Rvcvb, k¨vg, Rvfv evwjØxc Ges wk‡ívbœZ BD‡ivc-Av‡gwiKvi fvlv, K‡i‡Qb wiwjd ¯‹víPvi| HwZ‡n¨i m‡½ AvaywbKZvi †hvMmvab Kivi
`k©b, wkí, mvwn‡Z¨i, msMx‡Zi fveaviv G‡m wgwjZ n‡e GLv‡b| KvR †hfv‡e kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b fvev n‡q‡Q Avi †Kv_vI †mfv‡e nqwb|
ïay cVb-cvVbB bq Rxeb‡K mvgwMÖKfv‡e M‡o †Zvjvi fvebvB wQj kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b wkíPP©vi g~j fvebv wQj Ges GLbI Av‡Q, Zv nj,
iex›`ªbv‡_i| ZviB m‡½ †hvM n‡qwQj cjøxDbœq‡bi, MÖvgxY A_©bxwZ m„wókxjZv, gy³g‡bi I gy³wPšÍvi cÖKvk| ¯^qs iex›`ªbv_ KLbI †Kvb
weKv‡ki fvebv| wek¦fviZxi fveavivi g‡a¨ ZvB kªxwb‡KZ‡bi f~wgKv euvav MÊxi g‡a¨ wk‡íi wµqv‡K AvU‡K ivLvi K_v fv‡ebwb| wZwb †m
AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| iex›`ªbv_ mg¯Í c„w_ex Ny‡i AvaywbK cwðgx I c~e©- fv‡eB wkíPP©v K‡i‡Qb| A‡b‡K e‡jb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi QvÎiv b›`jv‡ji
Gwkqvi wkíavivi m‡½ cwiwPZ n‡qwQ‡jb| wZwb eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb Nivbvq Qwe Auv‡Kb bv †Kb? G cÖm‡½ ewj, KjKvZvq AvU© K‡j‡R
wkíKjvi AvaywbK MwZ-cÖK…wZ †Kvb avivq e‡q P‡j‡Q| iex›`ªbv_ wk‡íi GKUv BwÛqvb AvU© wWcvU©‡g›U Av‡Q| b›`jv‡ji QvÎiv †mLv‡b A‡b‡KB
†gŠwjK ¸Y¸wji Zvrch©‡K Dcjwä Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| H Nivbvq KvR K‡i‡Qb ev K‡ib| wKš‘ kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b †Zgb †Kvb c„_K
BD‡iv‡ci B‡¤cÖkwbRg, G·‡cÖkwbRg, wKDweRg m¤ú‡K© wZwb fviZxq wkíKjv PP©vi wefvM †bB| GLb kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b QvÎiv A‡bK
h‡_ó IqvwKenvj wQ‡jb| Abyaveb K‡i‡Qb Zvi MwZcÖK…wZ| cwð‡gi bZzb wPšÍvfvebv wb‡q wkíKjvi PP©v Ki‡Qb Ges bZzb ai‡bi KvR
cÖfve m‡Ë¡I Zuvi Kv‡R fviZxq fve I PwiÎ Mfxifv‡e hy³ n‡q‡Q| K‡i A‡b‡KB cÖwZwôZ n‡q‡Qb| †K wR myeªþwbq‡gi Kv‡R HwZn¨gq
†mLv‡b cwðgx cÖfve †MŠY| Zuvi Qwei †PZbv, Abyfe, MfxiZv Ab¨ fviZxq wkíKjvi bvbv cÖfve i‡q‡Q| cwðgx wkíKjvi cÖfv‡ei m‡½
gvÎvq DËxY© n‡q‡Q| cwð‡gi G·‡cÖkwb÷ wkíKjv g~jZ wdwRKvj Ges m‡½ Zuvi Qwe‡Z HwZn¨ bZzbiƒ‡c, bZzb cÖv‡Y Pjgvb n‡q I‡V| Zv n‡q
Zvi Awfe¨w³ ewng©yLxÑ †hUv Avgv‡`i †PZbvq, Abyf‡e kvixwiKfv‡e I‡V wjwfs UªvwWkbvj| G‡`‡k AvaywbKZvi m‡½ HwZ‡n¨i Ø›Ø wPiKvjB
av°v †`q| we‡Vv‡f‡bi msMx‡Zi gyQ©bv Ges Zvi MwZ evB‡ii RM‡Zi wQj Ges GLbI Av‡Q| iwe eg©v, Ag„Zv †kiwMj, b›`jvj, ivgwK¼i,

6
we‡bv`wenvixÑ mevi Kv‡RB G Ø›Ø †`L‡Z G‡m c‡owQ| ZvB w_Iwi wkíBwZnvm Rvbvi RvqMvUv A‡b‡K Quy‡Z cv‡ib| A‡b‡K cv‡ib
cvB| GB Ø›ØB m„wókxj n‡q bZzbZi m„wó †ÿ‡Î Avgv‡`i cÖ_vMZ wkÿvjvf KLbB m¤¢e bv| ïay †h-PP©v Ki‡j ev covïbv Ki‡jB †m
m¤¢e K‡i‡Q| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b c„w_exi †PnvivUvB nqwb| RvqMvq †cŠuQb hvq ZvI bq| †hgb ivgK…ò
A‡bK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| AvR GKRb wkíx N‡i Z‡e hZUzKz wkÿv I fvebv M‡o D‡VwQj cignsm‡`eÑ wZwb cª_vMZ †Kvb we`¨vPP©vB
e‡mB mviv c„w_exi mv¤cÖwZKZg KvR †`L‡Z Zv †_‡K cÖ_g †_‡KB ey‡SwQjvg †h ïaygvÎ K‡ibwbÑ wKš‘ wZwb Zuvi Dcjwäi ga¨ w`‡q
cv‡”Qb| HwZn¨ I AvaywbKZvi Ø›Ø cÖm‡½ ewj ÔUªvwWkbvj AvU©Õ-Gi ga¨ †_‡K Zv‡K AbymiY A‡bK RxebmZ¨‡K eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| Avi
Qwei fvebv ev welq g~jZ ÔUªvwWkbvjÕ nevi ev AbyKiY K‡i m„wókxjZv m¤¢e bq| wkíx‡K gb e‡j †Zv Avjv`v †Kvb wKQz †bB| gw¯Í®‹ ev
K_v bq eis Zvi cÖKv‡ki ixwZbxwZ A‡bK Zvi wb‡Ri iv¯Ív Luy‡R †ei Ki‡Z nq, †c‡Z nq| kixi Qvov g‡bi †Kvb Aw¯Í‡Z¡i K_v fvev hvq
mg‡qB ÔUªvwWkbvjÕ Avw½K‡K †K›`ª K‡i M‡o fvebv-wPšÍvB nj m„wókxjZvi g~j PvjK| cj bv| g‡bi m‡½ ü`‡qi †hvM Av‡Q| g‡bi wµqv
DV‡Z cv‡i| KviY Avgvi fvebv Av‡m Avgvi wK¬-i K_v g‡b c‡o| cj wK¬ wQ‡jb wPšÍvwe`, kix‡ii Ici cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i| e¨_© †cÖwgK
Pvicv‡ki RMr †_‡K, NUbv †_‡K, ˆ`bw›`b msMxZÁ Ges weÁv‡bi QvÎ| wZwb Qwe m„wó Aemv`Mª¯Í nq| kvixwiKfv‡e †m AvµvšÍ nq|
ev¯ÍeZv †_‡K| wKš‘ †mUv cÖKvk Kivi mgq fvebv wb‡q Mfxi wPšÍv K‡i‡Qb, G·‡cøvi ü`h‡š¿i Ici Pvc c‡o ZLb †m e‡j Ôü`‡q
cyi‡bv wkíKjvi iƒc I cÖKi‡Yi Qvc Zv‡Z K‡i‡Qb, G·‡cwi‡g›U K‡i‡Qb| †iLvi e¨_vÕ| Kwe Rxebvb›` Kwe‡`i wb‡q †hgb
G‡m co‡Z cv‡i, G‡mI hvq| AܪcÖ‡`‡ki Zvrch©, i‡Oi Zvrch© Kv‡Ri Zvrch© BZ¨vw` e‡j‡Qb, ÔmK‡jB Kwe bqÑ †KD †KD KweÕ|
AvaywbK fv¯‹i iwe›`i †iwÇ AvaywbK Abyfe wb‡q bvbv cixÿv K‡i‡Qb| GB m‡½ K¨vwÛbw¯‹ wKš‘ GUv mZ¨| GUv‡K †g‡b †bIqvB fvj|
wb‡q fv¯‹h© m„wó K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ Zvi dg© ev AvK… Ges gw›`ªqvb-Gi K_vI fve‡Z cvwi| G‡`i GB †evSvi ÿgZv‡K GKUv WvqvMÖvg w`‡q
wZ AZ¨šÍ HwZn¨vbymvix| Zvi KvR cÖvPxb mevi cixÿv wbixÿvi dmj HwZnvwmKfv‡e †evSv †h‡Z cv‡i| WvqgÛ †kc| A_©vr `yÕ‡Uv
g~wZ©i iƒc †_‡K †bqv| wKš‘ Zvi w¯úwiU Ges c„w_exi wkíKjv PP©v‡K cÖfvweZ K‡i‡Q| wÎfzR Iëv‡bv| Zvi ga¨LvbUv †ewkifvM
Dc¯’vcbv AvaywbK| †m iKg Avgv‡`i meviB Av‡iKRb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wkíx cve‡jv wcKv‡mv RvqMv Ry‡o Av‡Q A¨vfv‡iR A_©vr mvaviY
Kv‡Ri g‡a¨B bvbvfv‡e bvbv iƒ‡c ÔUªvwWkbvj hvi wkíKjvi cÖfveI Ab¯^xKvh©| wZwb A‡bK Dcjwäi ÿgZvm¤úbœ gvbylRb| Guiv KvRKg©
Gwj‡g›U¸‡jv G‡m †h‡Z cv‡i| ZvQvov Zvi †ewk gvbyl‡K wb‡q Qwe Gu‡K‡Qb| Avgvi Ki‡Z cv‡ib †hvM¨Zvi m‡½, mdj nb| Guiv
m‡½ †hvM nq e¨w³MZ †PZbv I Abyf‡ei| Avwg wkíPP©vi fvebvi †Mvov‡ZB GB me wKQz mgvR‡K a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Dc‡ii w`‡Ki
cUwPÎ †_‡K KL‡bv KL‡bv cÖfvweZ| wKš‘ Zvi †evSvi †Póv K‡iwQ| Avgvi we‡klfv‡e g‡b wÎfz‡Ri G‡Kev‡i kx‡l© me‡P‡q Kg RvqMv
m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q Avgvi e¨w³MZ `„wóf½x Ges n‡q‡Q gvby‡li K_vB Avgvi Qwei welq n‡q †mLv‡b Av‡Qb †mB me m„wókxj e¨w³iv hv‡`i
Abyfe| GB cv‡m©vbvj Gwj‡g›U G‡Ki m‡½ DV‡e KviY Avgvi fvebv AwaKvskB gvbyl- GB gvbyl Quy‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi bx‡Pi wÎfz‡Ri
Aci‡K Avjv`v K‡i †`q| HwZn¨‡K m„wókxj m¤úwK©Z| ZvQvov A¨ve÷ªvKkb‡K wb‡q wKQz wb‡Pi RvqMv‡Z huviv Av‡Qb Zv‡`i †gav `ye©j,
K‡i| Zv bZzb n‡q I‡V Avgvi wkífvebv PP©v Kivi K_v KL‡bv g‡b Av‡mwb| †m mgq gvbwmK ÿgZv `ye©j| Avwg mgvR‡K Gfv‡e
wel‡q wKQz †gŠwjK K_v| wb‡Ri K_v| wb‡Ri ïbZvg †KD †KD ej‡Zb A¨ve÷ªv± AvU©B fvM K‡i †`Lvi †Póv Kwi|
Qwe wb‡q, wb‡R ejv Lye gykwKj| Zv‡Z A‡bK wkím„wói †ÿ‡Î P~ovšÍ Ges DbœZZi wkíKjv| GKRb mvaviY gv‡bi gvby‡li †ÿ‡Î
K_v ejv m¤¢e nq bv| Avgiv †Zv ïay nvZ G fvebv †Zv G‡Kev‡iB wVK bq| wK nq †Kvb GKUv Qwe †`L‡Z †M‡j| Qwe
w`‡q iO Zzwj w`‡q Qwe AuvwK bv| Avgv‡`i gb g~jZ wkíKjv ˆ`bw›`b Rxebhvc‡bi †`‡L wZwb MvQcvjv †ev‡Sb, b`x, cyKzi
Ges fvebv _v‡K Zvi wcQ‡b| wkím„wó †Kgb m‡½ hy³, Zvi we‡kl Ae¯’vI cwieZ©‡bi †ev‡Sb, GKRb gvbyl Dey n‡q e‡m Av‡Qb,
n‡e, wkíxi fvebv †Kgb n‡e, †mUv A‡bKUv m‡½ m‡½ wkíKjv m„wói g‡a¨I bvbvai‡bi ZvI †ek †ev‡Sb| GKUv `ÿ nv‡Z AuvKv
wbf©i K‡i wkíx †Kv_vq, KLb, wKfv‡e †e‡o cwieZ©b N‡U P‡j| Ges Pj‡e| Z‡e mg¯Í QweUv †`L‡Z Zvi fvjI jv‡M| wKš‘ Qwei
D‡V‡Qb| Zvi cvwicvwk¦©KZv GKUv AZ¨šÍ m„wókxjZvi ev fvebvi g‡a¨B GKUv A¨ve÷ªv± †cQ‡b †h GK inm¨gqZv Av‡Q, GKUv imvqb
¸iæZ¡c~Y© welq| GKRb MÖv‡gi †jv‡Ki fvebv †KvqvwjwU †`L‡Z cvB| A¨ve÷ªv± †KvqvwjwU Av‡Q hv AvcvZt`„‡k¨i evB‡iÑ hv g~jZ Qwei
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8
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wjLZ bvbvb KweZv, †g‡qwU wjLZ Ab¨ GK ivRcy·K wPwV| ZvwK‡q iBj †Pqv‡ii w`‡K| KvMR-
†KDB wb‡Ri g‡bi wVKvbv mwVK Luy‡R †cZ bv| iv‡Zi †ejv
Kuv`Z PzwcPzwc| mwZ¨ RMr-msmv‡ii wK wewPÎ wbqg! cÖwZUv AYy †KŠ¯‘f emy cwðge‡½i ZiæY Kwe, MíKvi †bŠKv¸‡jv|
9
 wkíKjv

K¨vjKvUv MÖæ‡ci `yB wkíx

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I Aebx †mb
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n‡jI MZ kZ‡Ki Pwjø‡ki `kK †_‡KB Zv we¯Ívi jvf eûgyLx wPšÍvi we”QziY NU‡Q, †m mg‡q HwZnvwmKfv‡e N‡U
Ki‡Z _v‡K| cvðvZ¨ wkíKjvi m‡½ cwiP‡qi j‡ÿ¨ P‡j‡Q bvbvgyLx NUbv| GKw`‡K wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Wvgv‡Wvj,
iex›`ªbv‡_i HKvwšÍK †Póvq kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡b G‡mwQ‡jb †÷jv Ab¨w`‡K 1942-Õ43-Gi gš^šÍiÑ Pviw`‡K d¨vb `vI,
µvgwik (1922), Auv‡›`ª Kvi‡cj (1923) cÖgyL wkíxiv| d¨vb `vI AvZ©wPrKvi, GKw`‡K MvÜxRxi ‘Quit India’
Rvg©vb Awfe¨w³ev`x wkíx‡`i GK hyMvšÍKvix cÖ`k©bxI Av‡›`vj‡bi e¨vcK †Zvjcvo Ab¨w`‡K m‡PZb wkíxe„‡›`i
i_xb ˆgÎi Qwe n‡qwQj KjKvZvq 1922-Õ23 mv‡j| iex›`ªbv_ PvBwQ‡jb bZzb wkífvlv wbg©v‡Yi Af¨šÍixY ZvwM`| Ggwb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
wPÎwkíxiv fviZxq gnvKve¨ I cyivYwbf©i †`e-†`exi Kvwnbx mggbv wkíxiv cÖ‡`vl `vk¸‡ßi 193/we, ivmwenvix
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`vk¸‡ßi †nvb| iex›`ªbv_ †Pv‡L Av½yj w`‡q w`‡q Z`vbxšÍb fviZxq Kgjv `vk¸ß, i_xb ˆgÎ, †Mvcvj †Nvl, bxi` gRyg`vi,
wk‡íi Ae¯’v †`wL‡q w`‡jb GB K‡qKwU K_vqÑ ÔAvgiv my‡fv VvKzi, cwi‡Zvl †mb, cÖvYK…ò cvj cÖgy‡Li wewfbœgyLx
g~j¨vqb AZ¨šÍ hLb fviZxq wk‡íi bv‡g †Rvi K‡i †Muvovwgi Avkªq wb‡q Avjvc-Av‡jvPbvi ga¨ w`‡qB M‡o I‡V K¨vjKvUv MÖæc 1943
wbwe©Pv‡i weMZ kZvãxi Abymi‡Y wkí-PP©vq gMœ nB ZLb mv‡j| cieZ©x mg‡q G‡Z †hvM †`b †Mvea©b Avk, Aebx
Zvrch©c~Y©| Avgiv Avgv‡`i AvZ¥v‡K wewK‡q w`B eû kZvãxi †cQ‡bi †mb, mybxjgvae †mb, †ngšÍ wgkª I i_xb wgÎ| †k‡l G‡m
Zuvi g‡Z, ÔGB BwZnvm Luy‡o evi Kiv ˆ`wnK RvwZ ¯^fv‡ei Kv‡Q| Giv me †hvM †`b ivgwK¼i †eBR| K¨vjKvUv MÖæc m„wói eû Av‡M
gy‡Lv‡ki gZ, gyLf½xi AwZk‡qvw³| Giv Rxe‡bi Pjgvb A_©vr wZwi‡ki `k‡Ki (1930) ga¨eZ©x mg‡q Aebx †mb
XO we‡klfv‡e bZzb bZzb cwiw¯’wZi m‡½ Lvc LvB‡q Pj‡Z cv‡i bv|Õ1 Ges †Mvea©b Avk mggbv wkíx‡`i wb‡q Artists Rebel
†iLvcÖavb, ZvB iex›`ªbv_ ej‡jbÑ ÔAvwg Avgv‡`i wkíx‡`i we‡klfv‡e Group bv‡g GKwU MÖæc M‡o Zz‡jwQ‡jb hw`I †mwUi
Aby‡iva KiwQ Zuviv †hb weMZ hy‡Mi wkím„wói AbyKi‡Y Avqy wQj LyeB Kg| K¨vjKvUv MÖæ‡ci wkíxiv †h †KejgvÎ
A‡b‡Ki g‡Z Ggb wKQz Kievi `vwqZ¡ bv †bb hv Z_vKw_Z fviZxq Av‡U©i cÖ‡`vl `vk¸‡ßi ÷zwWI‡ZB ˆeVK Ki‡Zb Zv bq, †mme
bv‡g Qvc †g‡i Rb-mgv‡R Pj‡Z cv‡i| Zuviv †hb M‡e©i ˆeVK KLbI KLbI weòz †`, PÂj P‡Ævcva¨vq, i_xb ˆgÎ,
hvwgbx iv‡qi m‡½ Qvc gviv cïi g‡Zv cïkvjvq R‡ov n‡Z A¯^xKvi †R¨vwZwi›`ª ˆgÎ, bxi` gRyg`vi, Kgj gRyg`v‡ii evwo‡ZI
Qvccyó| hw`I K‡ib|Õ2 emZ| ˆeVKx Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g GB wkíxiv KZ¸‡jv
iex›`ªbv‡_i Gme Dw³ †_‡K mn‡RB Aby‡gq, †e½j m‡Z¨i gy‡LvgywL nb| †m¸‡jv wQj A‡bK GiKgÑ K.
cÖ_g wKQzw`b ¯‹z‡ji `ye©j wPΉkjxi cÖwZ wZwb †gv‡UB mš‘ó wQ‡jb bv B‡¤cÖkwb÷, †cv÷-B‡¤cÖkwb÷ Ges †dvwe÷ (Fauvist)
G¨vKv‡WwgK eis cieZ©xKv‡j wZwb wb‡RB Qwe Gu‡K eywS‡q †`qvi †Póv wkíx‡`i Qwe‡Z, we‡kl K‡i GB †k‡lv³ wkíx‡`i Qwe‡Z
K‡i‡Qb AvaywbK wPΉkjxi wewfbœgyLx Nivbv| †e½j ¯‹zj i‡Oi gyw³ L. welqe¯‘i b~¨bZg cÖvavb¨ (†hgb †mRv‡bi
ixwZi MVbg~jK Av‡›`vj‡bi `ye©jZv m¤^‡Ü hvwgbx iv‡qi wZbwU gšÍe¨ GLv‡b Av‡cj, f¨vbM‡Mi †Pqvi wKsev †Quov eyU-Ry‡Zv, eªv‡Ki
AZ¨šÍ cÖvmw½KÑ Ô1. Avgv‡`i RvZxq wk‡íi †ÿ‡Î µgea©gvb cvBc Ges KwdcU BZ¨vw` M. e¯‘i evB‡ii †LvjmwU bq,
†mŠK‡h©B Qwei g¯Í GK duv‡Ki m„wó n‡q‡Q hvi c~iY G ch©šÍ nqwb, 2. Zvi wfZiKvi ev¯ÍewU‡K (inner reality) A_©vr Zvi dg©vj
cÖKvkfw½ †e½j-¯‹z‡ji wPΉkjx wbexh© Ges Zvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb GK ¸YwU‡K wPÎc‡U Zz‡j aiv N. Avw½‡Ki A_©vr d‡g©i Mfxi
†Rvi`vi wki`uvov Ges 3. fvi‡Zi RvZxq wkí m¤^‡Ü †h Zvrch© O. wKDweR‡gi wecøex f‚wgKv Ges P. †cv÷-wKDwe÷
wb‡`©wkZ åvšÍ aviYv Ges Z_vKw_Z cÖvP¨ wkí m¤^‡Ü †h cÖPviKvh© P‡j wkí †h m¤ú~Y© Avw½K me©¯^, G mZ¨wUi ¸iæZ¡ m¤^‡Ü m‡PZb
n‡q‡Q... Avm‡Q Zvi weiæ‡× `uvov‡Z n‡e|Õ3 nIqv| GK K_vq wkíKjvi g~j¨‡ev‡ai Avg~j cwieZ©b| G

10
ÔbZzbÕ g~j¨‡ev‡ai K‡qKwU cÖavb A½ nj GBÑ nj Zv Avwg AvRI †f‡e cvB bv, hw`I we‡klfv‡e jwÿZ n‡e Dc‡iv³ wZbwU Kv‡RÑ
cÖ_gZ Qwei mgZj (flat) Rwg| wØZxqZ, Avgv‡`i MÖæ‡ci hyM¥ mwP‡ei g‡a¨ AvwgI Ôwi·vIqvjvÕ, Ôgv I †Q‡jÕ Ges ÔgvwSÕ| Gi
†iLvi cÖvavb¨| Z…ZxqZ, †¯ú‡mi (space) GKRb wQjvg| Avi Ab¨Rb wQj i_xb ˆgÎ| g‡a¨ Avgvi g‡b nq Ôgv I †Q‡jÕ QweB †evaKwi
wefvRb Ges PZz_©Z `„k¨gvb RM‡Zi wfZiKvi i_xb‡K Avgiv Puv`v Zz‡j Avgv‡`i wkíKg© DrKl© jvf K‡i‡Q †ewk| i_x‡bi Ôgv I †Q‡jÕ
ev¯Íe‡K D`&NvUb Kivi w`‡K †SuvK| G m‡ei w`‡q e‡¤^‡Z cvwV‡qwQjvg cÖ`k©bx Kivi Rb¨ QwewU we‡klfv‡e Av‡jvPbvi †hvM¨ GRb¨
wKQz wKQz †h Avgv‡`i aªæc`x Ges †jvKwk‡íiI wKš‘ i_xb g‡b nq weòz †`, †R¨vwZwi›`ª ˆgÎ †h, G Qwe‡ZB i_x‡bi Qwei cÖKvkfw½ †hb
ˆewkó¨ wQj †m wel‡q Avgv‡`i AewnZ n‡Z Z_v d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK I wkíx m‡•Ni cÖfve g~Z© n‡q D‡V‡Q iO †iLv I dg©-Gi mw¤§wjZ
†KvbI wej¤^ nj bv| cÖR‡b¥i wkíx‡`i Kv‡Q Gov‡Z cv‡iwb| ZvB, Avgv‡`i MÖæ‡ci GKUv fvee¨Äbvq| Gi `„k¨cU KjKvZv kn‡ii
ZLb Av‡iKwU cÖkœ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© n‡q †`Lv w`j| weåvwšÍi m¤§yLxb n‡Z n‡qwQj|Õ5 iv¯Ívq PK&wgjvb `vjv‡bi cy‡ivfv‡M gv †Q‡j‡K
†mwU njÑ GB ÔbZzb KwVb mvgvwRK ev¯Í‡ei GLv‡b e‡j ivLv cÖ‡qvRb K¨vjKvUv †Kv‡j wb‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q, †Pv‡L-gy‡L nZvkvi
cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z †e½j ¯‹z‡ji †cjeZv Ges MÖæ‡ci wkíxiv wbw`©ó †Kvb ivR‰bwZK Av`‡k©i Qvc, †hb Awfkß Rxe‡bi gg©š‘` Kvwnbx|
Kvwe¨K Q‡›`vgqZv (lyrical grace) cÖ‡qvRb m‡½ m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb bv| Z‡e gvbyl, gvby‡li Qwei welqe¯‘i Kvwnbx QvovI wbR¯^ Pwi‡Î
KZUv †gUv‡Z cvi‡e?Õ4 GiKg eûgvwÎK cÖkœ m‡½ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ mgvR, mgv‡Ri Qwe †hb Zvi KvwqK a‡g© mRxe I gnxqvb n‡q
Avi KwVb ev¯ÍeZv‡K m‡½ wb‡q Qwe AuvKvi m½wZ-Am½wZ Z_v cvðvZ¨ wkí‡ev‡ai RvqMv D‡V‡Q| cðv`c‡Ui `vjvbevwoi KwVb †iLv
RM‡Z g‡bvwb‡ek K‡ib wkíx i_xb ˆgÎ| †_‡K wk‡íi bZzb fvlv ˆZwii †PóvB wQj GB mgwš^Z ¯’vc‡Z¨i ms¯’vcb we‡klfv‡e mvnvh¨
i_xb ˆg‡Îi Rb¥ 1913 mv‡ji 14 RyjvB MÖæ‡ci †gvUvgywU Av`k©| K‡i‡Q Qwei PwiÎMZ KvVv‡gvi cÖKvkfw½‡Z|
cvebvi kxZjvB MÖv‡g| Zuvi evev L¨vZbvgv i_xb ˆgÎ cÖ_g w`‡K †ckv`vi wkíxiƒ‡c me wgwj‡q G Qwe †hb mgv‡Ri GB iƒp m‡Z¨i
Rwg`vi †hv‡M›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ, gv mijv †`ex| GKv‡WwgK ixwZi Abyi³ wQ‡jb A_©vr w`‡K A½ywjwb‡`©k Ki‡Q| G Qwe‡KB, Avgvi
i_xb ˆgÎi gvZvgn wQ‡jb ¯^bvgab¨ e¨vwi÷vi MZvbyMwZKZvi g‡a¨B AvU‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb| g‡Z, i_x‡bi cieZ©x iPbvi g~j wfwË wn‡m‡e
†`kKg©x ZzjmxPiY †Mv¯^vgx| †QvU‡ejvq Zvi Qwe AuvKvi aib e`jv‡Z _v‡K K¨vjKvUv MY¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| GB †iLv dg© I iO-
KjKvZvi wgÎ Bbw÷wUDk‡b cÖL¨vZ wPÎwkíx MÖæ‡ci mf¨ nevi c‡i| i_xb ˆgÎi Qwe wb‡q Gi e¨envi †gvUvgywUfv‡e i_x‡bi cieZ©x
I fv¯‹i †`excÖmv` ivq‡PŠayixi Kv‡Q Qwe cÖ‡`vl `vk¸‡ßi g~j¨vqb AZ¨šÍ Zvrch©c~Y©| me Kv‡RB i‡q‡Q, we‡kl †Kvb A`j-e`j
AuvKv †k‡Lb i_xb| cieZ©x mg‡q 1931 mv‡j Zuvi g‡Z, ÔGB XO we‡klfv‡e †iLvcÖavb, nqwb A_ev i_xb Zvi †PóvI K‡iwb †Kvb
cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿvq DËxY© n‡q KjKvZvi miKvwi A‡b‡Ki g‡Z hvwgbx iv‡qi Qvccyó| hw`I bZzb cixÿvg~jK Awfhv‡b|Õ6 muvIZvj gv,
AvU© ¯‹z‡j fwZ© nb 1932 mv‡j| †mLv‡b cÖ_g wKQzw`b G¨vKv‡WwgK ixwZi MVbg~jK muvIZvj bvP, †bŠKvevBP Drme, bvgvR,
Aa¨ÿ gyKzj †`i ZË¡veav‡b Qwe AvuKv †k‡Lb| †mŠK‡h©B Qwei cÖKvkfw½ wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q, †e¸bx i‡Oi †g‡q cÖf…wZ i_xb ˆgÎi we‡kl
1938 mv‡j emšÍKzgvi M‡½vcva¨v‡qi Aax‡b †hgb, Ôwi·vIqvjvÕ Ôgv I †Q‡jÕ, ÔgvwSÕ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KvR| iO e¨env‡ii †ÿ‡Î i_xb
dvBb AvU© Abykxjb †kl K‡ib| GKv‡WwgK BZ¨vw`| i_x‡bi Gme welqe¯‘ wb‡q KvR †U¤úviv‡KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb| KLbI KLbI
wkÿv †kl K‡i bvbviKg cÖwZK‚jZvi ga¨ Kivi g‡a¨ GKUv wRwbm Avwg eiveiB jÿ¨ †Zji‡Oi m‡½ †U¤úvivi wgkªY NwU‡q Qwe‡Z
w`‡q wkíPP©v Pvjv‡Z _v‡Kb i_xb| 1940-Õ41 K‡iwQ †h, i_xb mgv‡Ri wbcxwoZ †kªYx- wfbœ Av‡iKwU gvÎv hy³ Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i‡Qb|
mv‡j w`wjøi wkíx KvbIqvj K…‡òi m‡½ ÷zwWI mgvR‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Q †ewkifvM †ÿ‡Î Ges †iLv‡K cÖvavb¨ †`evi Rb¨ cÖvqkB Aby¾¡j
wb‡q GKm‡½ wKQzKvj KvR K‡ib| wKš‘ †Kvb Zv‡`i `ytLwK¬ó `vwi‡`ªi Qwe Gu‡K‡Q Avgv‡`i iO‡K †e‡Q wb‡q‡Qb wZwb|
myweav n‡”Q bv †`‡L ÷zwWI †Q‡o d¨vwmwe‡ivax mgv‡Ri cw¼jZvi weiæ‡× we‡`ªvn wn‡m‡e| 1949 mv‡j i_xb ˆgÎ K¨vjKvUv MÖæ‡ci
†jLK I wkíx m‡•N †hvM †`b i_xb| G Gme Qwe‡Z wKš‘ i_xb welqe¯‘‡K cÖvavb¨ m‡½ m¤úK© wQbœ K‡i GKv‡Wwg Ad dvBb
cÖm‡½ cÖ‡`vl `vk¸‡ßi wKQz K_v ¯§iY‡hvM¨Ñ w`‡jI Avw½‡Ki w`K †_‡K wePvi Ki‡j Qwei AvU©-G †hvM †`b| mwPe wn‡m‡e GKv‡Wwg Ad
Ôi_xb GB m‡•Ni Kjv wefv‡Mi mwPe n‡qwQj wdMv‡ii MVb m¤ú‡K© LyeB m‡PZb wQj, Ges dvBb Av‡U©i `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Z wM‡q Zuvi
ï‡bwQ| wKš‘ GB Kjv wefv‡Mi mwPe wn‡m‡e Zvi mijxKi‡Yi †Póvq A‡bK ¯^vaxbZvi cÖkªq wkíKg© m„wói †ÿ‡Î bvbvgyLx cÖwZeÜKZv ˆZwi
i_xb KZLvwb Kx Ki‡Z †c‡iwQj Kjv-†ÿ‡Î wb‡q‡Q MVbg~jK g~j msÁv †_‡K wePz¨Z bv nq| ZeyI Rb¯^v‡_© i_xb wb‡Ri µ‡gvbœwZi
Zv Avgvi Rvbv †bB| Z‡e GBUzKz Rvwb †h, n‡q| G¨vKv‡WwgK dg©‡K †f‡O bZzb dg© PvB‡Z GKv‡Wwg Ad dvBb AvU©‡KB cÖvavb¨
GB d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK I wkíx m‡•Ni m‡½ Movi †cQ‡b †h CwáZ Av`©k wQj, Zv wQj w`‡q‡Qb me©v‡MÖ|
i_x‡bi `v`v †R¨vwZwi›`ª ˆgÎ Ges Avgv‡`i †iLvi Q‡›`vgq k³ euvaybx‡Z Qwei g~j ag©‡K i_xb ˆgÎi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KvR
K¨vjKvUv MÖæ‡ci ïfvbya¨vqx‡`i g‡a¨ †KD †eu‡a ivLevi †Póv| †iLvi GB Q‡›`vgq MwZ kn‡i cÖnix, Rxeb Q›`, kx‡Zi mܨvq, w`‡bi
†KD Nwbôfv‡e RwoZ wQ‡jbÑ †hgb, Kwe RjcÖev‡ni MwZi gZB mPj, ¯ú›`gq| G ¸Y msMÖn, B¯úv‡Zi Avjcbv, †i‡¯Íviuv, wi·vIqvjv,
weòz †`| ZvB ¯^fveZB Guiv LyeB m‡Pó wQ‡jb
Avgv‡`i K¨vjKvUv MÖæc‡K d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK
I wkíx m‡•Ni Kjv wefv‡Mi kvLv wn‡m‡e
e¨envi Ki‡Z| wKš‘ †mUv Avgiv n‡Z w`Bwb|
G wel‡q Avgv‡`i gZvgZ Lye cwi®‹vi wQj
†h, Avgiv †Kvb `‡j wfoe bv, we‡kl K‡i
ivR‰bwZK `‡j| Aek¨ Avgv‡`i K¨vjKvUv
MÖæc Moevi cÖ_g w`‡K, A_©vr 1943-Õ44-Õ45
mv‡j, G iKg GKUv aviYv A‡b‡KiB wQj †h,
Avgv‡`i MÖæ‡ci m‡½ d¨vwmwe‡ivax †jLK I
wkíx m‡•Ni GKUv we‡kl Nwbô m¤^Ü i‡q‡Q|
G aviYv Rb¥vevi c‡ÿ cÖavbZ `yÕwU KviY
wQj| cÖ_gZ, Avgv‡`i MÖæ‡ci m‡½ evgcš’x
eyw×RxexivB mn‡hvwMZv w`‡q‡Qb †ewk Zv‡`i
cÎ-cwÎKvq Avgv‡`i Kvh©Kjv‡ci cÖPvi Ges
cÖksmv K‡i| Avi wØZxqZ, Avgv‡`i MÖæ‡ci
e‡¤^ cÖ`k©bxi (1945) e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡qwQj
BwÛqvb wccj&m w_‡qUv‡ii D‡`¨v‡M evgcš’x
eyw×Rxex‡`i Aby‡cÖiYvq| GUv wK K‡i m¤¢e Bw›`iv MvÜxi m‡½ Aebx †mb

11
¯^Y©g„M (ev gvqvg„M), eûiƒcx (Chameleon), fvov wb‡q Bqvs AvwU©÷m BDwbq‡bi wkíxiv Qvov †cj, †hgb †c‡qwQj mywZ‡bi G·‡cÖkb|
whï wLª÷, iex›`ªbv_, The Lion, Solitude, Zuv‡`i cÖ`k©bxi e¨e¯’v K‡ib| G‡Z Aebx mywZb Kzi‡ei GKRb AbyMvgx cÖksmK wQ‡jb
Boat race festival, Living space, †mb, †Mvea©b Avk, Abœ`v †` I w`wMb fÆvPvh© GK_v Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi gb‡iv ûBjv‡ii
Sorrows of Kashmir, Road to Dumka, QvovI AvU© ¯‹zj †Q‡o Avmv AviI K‡qKRb gZ GKRb mywZb-we‡kl‡Ái KvQ †_‡K|
Santhal dancers, Drummers, Cowboy, wkíx †hgb, KvjxwK¼i †Nvl `w¯Í`vi, my‡ib wKš‘ Kzi‡ei wiqvwjRg Avi mywZ‡bi G¨ve÷ªv±
Girl with flowers, The Reapers, In †`, kPxb `vm, c¼R emy cÖgyL Ask †bb| Zv G·‡cÖkb-Gi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q AvKvk-cvZvj
tune (or evening prayer), Reclining Qvov cvwk© eªvDb-hvwgbxcÖKv‡ki cyi‡bv QvÎ ZdvZ| hw`I GK_v ¯^xKvi Ki‡ZB n‡e †h
man, Rhythm, Brothers (or Re-union) c~Y© PµeZ©x, cÖZzjP›`ª e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, dYx›`ªbv_ mywZ‡bi GB G¨ve÷ªv± G·‡cÖkb KLbI m¤¢e
cÖf…wZ| ¸ß cÖgy‡Li QweI G cÖ`k©bx‡Z †`Lv‡bv nq| nZ bv hw` bv Zuvi g‡a¨ wiqvwjRg-Gi k³
cvðvZ¨ ixwZi A¨vKv‡WwgK avivi Gme wkíxi euvaywb _vKZ| Aebxi †ÿ‡ÎI H GKB K_v
Aebx †mb Qwei cÖ`k©bxwU wkíiwmK‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y cÖ‡hvR¨| 1949-G Avgv‡`i MÖæ‡ci cÖ`k©bx‡Z
cÖL¨vZ wkíx AZzj emyi my‡hvM¨ `yB wkl¨ †Mvea©b K‡iwQj Ges †bcvj I wÎcyivi gnvivRviv cÖ`wk©Z Zvi ÔBlood Suckers’, ‘Card
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gvÎvq wb‡q †h‡Z m`v m‡Pó †Mvea©b Avk 1933 mv‡j Zuv‡`iB D‡`¨v‡M M‡o D‡V AvU© †m‡bi ‘Green cow’ A_©vr meyR Mvfx QwewU
I Aebx †mb| wØZxq wek¦hy‡×i Kv‡jv Qvqv, wi‡ej †m›Uvi| G wkíx ms¯’vwUI ¯’vqx nqwb| GK Abe`¨ m„wó| `ÿ WªBs Avi bxwiÿvg~jK
1943-Gi gš^šÍi, A_©bxwZ‡Z Pig wech©q, Aebx †mb ÔAvU© wi‡ej †m›UviÕ-Gi hyM¥- iO e¨env‡ii GK Abb¨ mwbœ‡ek| ÔAebx
`ªe¨g~‡j¨i BZ¨vw` EaŸ©MwZ cwiw¯’wZ‡ZI m¤úv`‡Ki Ab¨Zg wQ‡jb| cÖ‡`¨vZKzgvi †m‡bi H Qwe 1947 mv‡j KjKvZvq cÖ`wk©Z
Zuv‡`i Qwe AvuKv †_‡g _v‡Kwb| VvKz‡ii D‡`¨v‡M GKB eQi hLb GKv‡Wwg nevi ci †ek Pv‡j¨i m„wó n‡qwQj wkíx
1945 mv‡j Avï‡Zvl K‡j‡R b¨vkbvj Ad dvBb AvU©m-Gi cÖwZôv nq ZLb Aebx I iwmK gn‡j| Miæ‡Z meyR Ges evQz‡i
GKv‡Wwg Ad dvBb AvU©m-Gi cÖ`k©bx‡Z Qwe †mb GB ms¯’vi mnKvix m¤úv`K wbe©vwPZ nb| jvj iO jvMvevi †h cÖkªq wb‡qwQ‡jb Aebx
†`‡L cÖ‡`vl `vk¸‡ßi AwfgZ njÑ ÔmwZ¨ GiI eû c‡i Rb¥ †bq ÔK¨vjKvUv MÖæcÕ| Aebx Zv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e mv_©K n‡q‡Q Qwei wePv‡i|
ej‡Z wK, Pg‡K D‡VwQjvg Iu‡`i `yÕR‡bi †mb Gi mf¨ nb 1949 mv‡j| ZvQvov i‡Oi GB A™¢yZ cÖ‡qv‡Mi jvÿwYK
KvR †`‡L, we‡kl K‡i Iu‡`i cï m¤^Üxq Aebx †mb Zuvi Zx¶è Abyf‚wZ ewjô †Kvb Bw½ZI nq‡Zv Av‡QÑ †hgb, Miæi meyR
†iLvwPÎ Ges Rji‡Oi Qwe †`‡L| LyeB †iLvi gva¨‡g dzwU‡q †Zvjvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb awiÎxgvi meyR‡KB †evSv‡”Q Avi evQz‡ii jvj
G¨vKv‡WwgK auv‡P AuvKv wKš‘ Zvn‡jI IiKg Zuvi Qwe‡Z| †µqb, RjiO Ges †ZjiO wQj bZzb Rxeb|Õ10
†Rviv‡jv †iLvwPÎ Avwg LyeB Kg †`‡LwQ| Zuvi wcÖq gva¨g| †Zj i‡Oi gva¨‡g wbR¯^
GLbI g‡b Av‡Q †Mvea©‡bi Ôgwn‡li LvUvjÕ Nivbvq †Rvivj GK wkífvlv ˆZwi‡Z memgq Aebx †m‡bi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Qwe
Avi Aebx †m‡bi ÔnwiY hyMjÕ| †Mvea©‡bi m‡Pó wQ‡jb Aebx| Qwe‡Z Zuvi Ôi‡Oi e¨envi †kl we`vq, MwZ, S‡oi c‡i, †kvKvZ©,
Ôgwn‡li LvUvjÕ wQj g‡bv‡µv‡g Kv‡jv-mv`v †mLv‡b GKUv ¯’~jfvi cy‡Äi m„wó K‡i RgvU eva©K¨, wPwoqvLvbvi cvwLi †`‡k, gš¿Yvmfv,
fvj i‡O AuvKv| Avi Aebx †m‡bi ÔnwiY- AÜKvigq ˆbiv‡k¨i g‡a¨ Avgv‡`i gb‡K hvÎx, cÖvPxbv, hvÎv †k‡l, Card Players,
hyMjÕ wQj nvév RjiO w`‡q AuvKv| c‡i †U‡b wb‡q hvq †hLv‡b gvbyl cï-cvwL me Bathers, The Sawyers, Mother and
ï‡bwQjvg Guiv `yÕR‡bB cÖL¨vZ wkíx AZzj wgwj‡q †hb GKUv wnsmª, cvkweK cwi‡e‡ki child, Sawmen, Forces, Cuckoos,
emyi mvM‡i` Ges G¨vKv‡Wwg Ad dvBb g‡a¨ gvby‡li we‡`ªvnx gb AvZ¥m‡PZb nq Chinaman cÖf…wZ|
AvU©m-Gi mnhyM¥m¤úv`K wQ‡jb|Õ7 mgv‡Ri Ab¨vq AwePv‡ii weiæ‡×| GB wnsmª 1949 mv‡j w`wjø‡Z ÔAj BwÛqv dvBb
AebxiÄb †mb¸‡ßi Rb¥ 1905 mv‡ji 5 cvkweK cwiw¯’wZ cÖwZwnsmvg~jK, Ab¨v‡qi AvU©m A¨vÛ µ¨vdUm †mvmvBwUÕ Av‡qvwRZ
gvP© XvKvq| Zuvi gv‡qi bvg mijvmy›`ix †`ex, weiæ‡× Zxeª cÖwZev`| i‡Oi e¨envi L‡qix, Aóv`k me©fviZxq cÖ`k©bx‡Z Zuvi Ôwk †cvRW
evev `wÿYviÄb| 1924 mv‡j bvivqYMÄ ¯‹zj Kv‡jv Ges meyR wKsev bx‡ji mgš^‡q m„ó| di wgÕ wPÎwU Mfb©i †Rbv‡ij cÖ`Ë †iŠc¨
†_‡K cÖ_g wefv‡M cÖ‡ewkKv cixÿvq cvm K‡i GLv‡b †mLv‡b jv‡ji Dò, Zxeª bvwjk A_ev dj‡K m¤§vwbZ nq|
Wv³vix covi Avkvq AvBGmwm K¬v‡m fwZ© nb we‡`ªvn mg¯Í Qwe‡KB †hb Av”Qbœ K‡i †i‡L‡Q| 1949 mv‡j w`wjøi ivqwmbv †e½wj nvqvi
RMbœv_ K‡j‡R| wKš‘ Avw_©K AbU‡bi Kvi‡Y Aebx Zuvi Qwe‡Z mg¯Í mvgvwRK AvenvIqv‡K †m‡KÛvwi ¯‹z‡j PviKjvi wkÿK wn‡m‡e †hvM
Wv³vix covi Avkv ev` w`‡q Aebx †mb 1925 cÖZ¨ÿ `„k¨gvb e¯‘i cÖwZwe¤^ wn‡m‡e e¨envi †`b Aebx †mb| `xN© m‡Z‡iv eQi wkÿKZvi
mv‡j fwZ© nb KjKvZvi miKvwi AvU© ¯‹z‡j| K‡ibwb †hgb K‡i‡Qb †Mvea©b| Aebx GB ci 1965 mv‡j Aemi †bb| w`wjøi mvi`v
cvwk© eªvDb wQ‡jb ZLb AvU© ¯‹z‡ji Aa¨ÿ| mvgvwRK AvenvIqv‡K wb‡Ri `„p Ges we‡`ªvnx DwKj ¯‹zj Ad AvU©mÕ-Gi m‡½ wZwb hy³
†mLv‡b hvwgbxcÖKvk M‡½vcva¨v‡qi ZË¡veav‡b g‡bi AvZ¥R cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z M‡o Zz‡j‡Qb m¤ú~Y© wQ‡jb|
Aebx †mb Qwe AuvKv †k‡Lb Ges K…wZ‡Z¡i Rb¨ wbR¯^ Awfe¨w³ wn‡m‡e iƒc‡Ki X‡O|Õ8 1972 mv‡ji 2 †m‡Þ¤^i cÖvq mvZlwÆ
miKvwi e„wË cvb| Aebx 1940-Gi `kK ch©šÍ Qwei eQi eq‡m ü`‡iv‡M AvµvšÍ n‡q w`wjøi
1931 mv‡j ÔBqs AvwU©÷m BDwbqbÕ Avw½‡Ki PvB‡Z welqe¯‘‡KB cÖvavb¨ w`‡q‡Qb DBwjsWb nvmcvZv‡j wZwb †kl wbtk¦vm Z¨vM
bv‡g †h ms¯’v MwVZ nq Zvi Ab¨Zg D‡`¨v³v †ewk| d‡j i‡Oi D”Q¡vm, fv‡ei AwZk‡qvw³ K‡ib
wQ‡jb Aebx †mb| Bqvs AvwU©÷m BDwbq‡bi Zuvi Qwei cÖavb ˆewkó¨| ˆPwbK †iLv web¨vm, W. bxwjgv Avdwib cÖvewÜK, Kjvmgv‡jvPK
QvÎ-wkíxiv Dj‡UvWvOvq GKUv evwo fvov mywZb, †bvj‡Wi Awfe¨w³ev`x, iex›`ªbv‡_i
wb‡q KwgDb K‡i GKm‡½ _vK‡Z ïiæ K‡ib| Qwei cwigʇji cÖ”Qbœ cÖfve Zvi Qwe‡Z Z_¨m~Î
Gu‡`i g‡a¨ wbqggZ mvZ-AvURb AvDU‡Wvi my¯úó| 1945-G Rji‡O AuvKv ÔmvimÕ, 1. cÖ‡`vl `vk¸ßÑ ¯§„wZK_v wkíK_v, c„.33
Ges mvZ-AvURb Bb‡Wvi ÷vwW‡Z wbhy³ nb, 1965-†Z Rji‡O AuvKv D‡Ui Qwe, 1968-†Z 2. c~‡e©v³, c„. 36
†Kb bv GKm‡½ mevi Bb‡Wvi ÷vwW Kivi †Zji‡O AuvKv, ÔcvwU©kbÕ cÖf…wZ Qwe Zuvi cÖK…ó 3. c~‡e©v³, c„. 36
gZ RvqMv IB Bb‡Wvi ÷zwWI‡Z wQj bv| D`vniY| 1949 mvj †_‡KB g~jZ Aebx †mb 4. cwi‡Zvl †mbÑ wKQz wkíK_v, c„. 13
Gfv‡e Qwe AuvK‡Z AuvK‡Z wKQz Rgv n‡j Guiv Zuvi Qwei g‡a¨ wb‡Ri PvIqvi Awfe¨w³‡K 5. cÖ‡`vl `vk¸ßÑ ¯§„wZK_v wkíK_v, c„.98
Gu‡`i c~e©Zb wkÿK, m`¨ we‡jZ‡diZ wkíx dzwU‡q Zzj‡Z mÿg nb| ÔAebx ZLb †_‡KB 6. c~‡e©v³, c„. 100-102
AZzj emyi Dc‡`‡k GKwU cÖ`k©bx‡Z †mme m‡Pó n‡jb Zuvi wb‡Ri m„Rbkxj AvZ¥vi mÜv‡b 7. c~‡e©v³ c„. 112
Qwe †`Lv‡Z D‡`¨vMx nb| 1931-Gi wW‡m¤^‡i iO I iƒ‡ci bvbv cixÿvi wePvi we‡køl‡Y| 8. c~‡e©v³, c„. 112
iex›`ªbv‡_i mßwZZg R‡b¥vrm‡ei A½ wn‡m‡e d‡j, Zuvi wkíKg© wiqvwjRg-Gi MÊx †cwi‡q 9. c~‡e©v³, c„. 114
UvDb nj cÖv½‡Y Av‡qvwRZ †gjvq GKwU ÷j G·‡cÖk‡bi G¨ve÷ªv± ¸‡Yi ch©v‡jvPbvi g‡a¨ 10. c~‡e©v³, c„. 116

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lK‡`i ejv nZ Avwaqvi, eM©v`vi ev fvMPvlx| (L‡Mb ivq‡PŠayix), nwiab PµeZ©x Ges †ZfvMv wb‡q D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kvwnbx nj
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ejv nZ Avwaqvi| cwiPvjbvq mwjj †PŠayix, iNy PµeZ©x I Awbj mwjj †PŠayix gy¤^B †Q‡o cwðge‡½ †divi
evsjvi me †Rjvi Rwg`v‡iiv mgvb †Nv‡li gZ ZiæYiv mwµq ivRbxwZ‡Z †b‡g ci MíwU wb‡q Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib KvwZ©K
AZ¨vPvix wQj bv| Avevi K…l‡KivI ewÂZ c‡ob| †ÿcy`vB mwjj`vi mvsMVwbK ÿgZvi cvBK| msMxZ cwiPvjbv K‡ib mwjj †PŠayix|
†_‡KI mgvb †Z‡R me †Rjvq †R‡M I‡Vwb| cvkvcvwk Zvi mvs¯‹…wZK ÿgZv Avwe®‹vi Pjw”PÎwUi gy‡Li GKwU bZzb Mvb Qvov Avi
D`vniY¯^iƒc ejv hvq ea©gvb I gywk©`vev` K‡ib| wZwbB mwjj †PŠayix‡K MYmsMxZ me Mvb wQj Zuvi wb‡Ri K…lK Av‡›`vjb I
†Rjvq †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ‡Kvc c‡owb| iPbvq DØy× K‡ib| KjKvZvi QvÎ Av‡›`vj‡b †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi Mvb Ges webq iv‡qi
w`bvRcyi ZLb wQj evsjvi km¨ fvÊvi| †mLv‡b †hvM †`evi Av‡MB 1945 mv‡j mwjj †PŠayix †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi Mvb ÔAvi KZKvj ej
msMÖvg cÖejvKvi aviY K‡i| cywj‡ki ¸wj I Zuvi cÖ_g MYmsMxZ m„wó K‡ib| we`¨vaix KZKvj|Õ †ZfvMv I K…lK Rxeb wb‡q Ab¨vb¨
†e‡qv‡bU Pv‡R© gviv hvb 40Rb| mviv evsjvq b`xj evbfvwm A‡j K…lK‡`i Ici Kiv D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Pjw”PÎ nj wQbœg~j, †`v weNv Rwgb
kwn` nb cÖvq 80Rb| PÆMÖvg I gqgbwms‡ni Ab¨v‡qi weiæ‡× iæ‡L `uvov‡Z iPbv K‡ib, (KvwnbxKvi mwjj †PŠayix) wiKmvIqvjv I
K…l‡Kiv †ewkifvM wQj gymjgvb Avi †ewki Ô†`k †f‡m‡Q ev‡bi R‡j avb wM‡q‡Q g‡iÕ| †QvUeKzjcy‡ii hvÎx|
fvM Rwg`vi wQj wn›`y| wjM miKv‡ii cÖfv‡e †mB mgqKvi K…lK Av‡›`vj‡bi mwjj †PŠayixi †`‡ek iv‡qi wZ¯Ívcv‡ii e„ËvšÍ eBwU‡Z
gymjgvb K…l‡Kiv cÖ_‡g BZ¯ÍZ Ki‡j ciÿ‡YB Av‡iKwU MYmsMxZ nj ÔK…lK‡mbv‡`i gywó 4 GwcÖj 1947 mv‡ji †RvZ`vi `qvbv‡_i
wØavnxb n‡q Av‡›`vj‡b mvwgj nq| gqgbwmsn †Zv‡jv AvKv‡kÕÑ GB Mv‡b cÂv‡ki gš^šÍ‡ii †Lvjv‡b †ZfvMv nevi K_v Av‡Q| Avi Av‡Q
†Rjvi gvZeŸ‡iiv †gŠjex I cwÊZ‡`i GKm‡½ K_vI ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`Iqv Av‡Q| K…lK‡`i K…lK‡bZv jvj ïKivi K_v| jvj ïKiv
ewm‡q Av‡›`vj‡bi we‡ivaxZv I `v½v m„wói wb‡q Av‡iv Mvb wZwb iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb †hgb: †ZfvMvi Mvb iPbvq †h ˆbcyY¨ †`wL‡qwQ‡jb
†Póv Ki‡j RvwZag© wbwe©‡k‡l K…lK mgvR Zxeª Ô†Zvgvi ey‡K Ly‡bi wPý LuywR GB Auvav‡ii Zv mwVKfv‡e hvPvB Ki‡j Zuv‡K `vki_xjv‡ji
wa°v‡i Zv‡`i AeÁv K‡i| iv‡ZÕ Ô†cŠlvwj evZv‡m cvKv av‡bi ev‡mÕ ÔAvq mgK‡ÿi nZ ej‡j nq‡Zv AZz¨w³ n‡e bv|
DËi evsjvi Ki‡Zvqv b`xi c~e©w`‡K e„wó †Suu‡c avb †`e †g‡cÕ `yÕeQi Zzewoi gZ Av‡jvKiwk¥ Qwo‡q
Pv‡li Rwg| cwðg w`‡K Wzqv‡m©i Pv evMvb| G‡nb mwjj †PŠayix †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi R¡‡j D‡V 1948 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K Av‡›`vjb
Pv evMv‡bi kªwg‡Kiv muvIZvj, IivI, gyÊv, R‡b¨ mv_©K MYmsMxZ iPbv Ki‡eb †m †Zv nVvr wb‡¯ÍR n‡q hvq| †mvgbv_ †nvo-Gi
†bcvjx, Nvwiqv wbwe©‡k‡l mevB K…lK‡`i cv‡k Rvbv K_vB| †ZfvMvi Wv‡qwi co‡j †evSv hvq Av‡›`vj‡bi
G‡m `uvovq| Zviv wQj weG †ij‡ivW BDwbq‡bi MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni mvs¯‹…wZK Kvh©Kjv‡ci †Mvov †_‡KB Rvbv wM‡qwQj K…lK Kg‡iW‡`i
mf¨| M¨vsg¨vbiv †Uª‡bi Bwćb jvj SvÊv Zz‡j g‡a¨ MYmsMxZ iPbv QvovI wQj mvwnZ¨- `„pZvi K_v, Zv‡`i †Mvcb¯’v‡b gš¿Yv Kiv
†`q| Pv-evMv‡bi mv‡ne g¨v‡bRviiv Zv‡`i bvUK-wPÎv¼b I b„Z¨vbyôv‡bi Av‡qvRb| Ges Suvwc‡q c‡o Rxeb wecbœ K‡i KvR
Kvey Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| G cÖm‡½ wf‡qZbvg †_‡K KweZvi †ÿ‡Î weòz †`-i Ô†gŠ‡fvMÕ Ges myKvšÍ D×vi Kivi K_v| 1948 mv‡j KwgDwb÷
AvMZ Rw½‡bZv †nv-wP-wgb wbwØ©avq e‡jwQ‡jb fÆvPv‡h©i Ô`yg©iÕ Ges Ô`ywf©ÿÕ we‡klfv‡e cvwU© †eAvBwb n‡q hvq| Zv‡`i †¯øvMvb wQj
†h, K…lK‡`i cv‡k me©Î kªwgKiv bv `uvov‡j D‡jøL‡hvM¨| myKv‡šÍi KweZvi K_v nq avb bq ÔB‡q AvRvw` SzUv n¨vq|Õ A‡bK K…lK‡bZv
Av‡›`vjb ev wecøe mdj nq bv| fvi‡Zi cÖvY wQj †køvMv‡bi K_v| I Kg©x †Rj Lv‡Ub| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi
BwZnv‡m K…l‡Kiv ev‡i ev‡i we‡`ªvn Ki‡jI MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni ZLb bvUK Ges msMxZ mgqKvj wQj civaxbZvi mgq †_‡K wef³
Dchy³ mn‡hvwMZv cvbwb| e¨v‡ji †¯‹vqvW ˆZwi n‡q †M‡Q| †ZfvMv †`‡ki ¯^vaxbZv AR©‡bi wKQzKvj ch©šÍ|
evsjvi 19wU †Rjvq Av‡›`vjb nq| Av‡›`vj‡bi me‡P‡q mdj bvUK wQj Awbj mwjj †PŠayixi wbZ¨m½x‡`i g‡a¨ iNy PµeZ©x
DËie‡½i RjcvB¸wo, iscyi †_‡K w`bvRcyi, †Nv‡li GKv¼ bqvbcyi| G bvUKwU KvKØxc I Awbj †Nvl †Rjevm K‡ib| mwjj †PŠayixi
gvj`n, ûMwj, b`xqv, PweŸk ciMbv, †gw`bxcyi my›`ieb A‡ji Av‡›`vj‡bi †hb RxešÍ bv‡gi Av‡M-c‡i GKvwaK Iqv‡i›U †ei n‡jI
I c~e©evsjvi gqgbwms‡ni gZ †Rjv¸‡jv DËß cÖwZ”Qwe| Av‡iKwU bvUKI AbywôZ nZ hvi Zuv‡K aiv cywj‡ki †Mv‡q›`v‡`i c‡ÿ KL‡bvB
n‡q I‡V| †gvU 60 jvL K…lK I K…lKigYx bvg Ôg„Zz¨ †bBÕ| kPxb fÆvPv‡h©i aviYv bvUKwU m¤¢e nqwb|
Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM †`q| Av‡›`vj‡b K…lK‡`i mwjj †PŠayixi iPbv| fviZfv‡Mi ci c~e©evsjvi †Rjv¸‡jv
A‡bK¸‡jv b¨vh¨ `vwe wQj| Zv‡`i b~¨bZg Ksmvwi nvjavi I A‡kvK emyi c~e©-cvwK¯Ív‡bi AšÍM©Z n‡q hvq| †mLv‡b
`vwe wQj, Avwa bq †ZfvMv (A_©vr dm‡ji †bZ…Z¡Kv‡j KvKØxc-eyavLvwj †_‡K GK`j mvgwiK evwnbx KwVb nv‡Z Av‡›`vjb †iva
`yBZ…Zxqvsk) PvB, webv iwm‡`i A_©vr †gŠwLK Kg‡iW G‡m Aby‡iva Rvbvb MYbvU¨ ms‡Ni K‡i|
Pzw³‡Z KvR Kiv‡bv hv‡e bv, cuvP †m‡ii †ewk †QvU GKwU `j‡K Zv‡`i m‡½ cvVv‡Z n‡e †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi cÖ_g `yB knx`

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wQ‡jb wPwiie›`i GjvKvi `wi`ª Pvlx mwgiæwÏb †cuŠQevi wKQz Av‡M| mwjj †PŠayixi RbwcÖqZv (gwi nvq nvq nvq nvq †i)
Ges muvIZvj Avwaqvi wkeivg| Zuv‡`i Avgiv ZLbI Zz‡½ I‡Vwb| Av‡›`vj‡bi mg‡q Zuvi Zviv `ywj‡q fuywo V¨vswU bvPvq
fz‡j †M‡jI PweŸk ciMbv I my›`ieb A‡ji †h me Mvb e¨½i‡m fiv wQj †m¸‡jv MYbvU¨ †gv‡`i fuv‡o fvevbx (mRbx)|
kwn`‡`i K_v Mv‡b Mv‡b Agi n‡q Av‡Q| m‡•Ni wkíxiv g‡b ivL‡jI RbmvaviY †gv‡`i `y‡ai evQv `y‡ai e`j
Av‡›`vjb cwðge‡½ cy‡ivcywi mdj n‡Z µgk fz‡j hvq| mwjj †PŠayix ZLb †ZfvMv Lvq †h d¨v‡bi cvwb
cv‡iwb| c~iYPuv` †hvkx I iYv‡Ëw`‡fi bxwZi Av‡›`vj‡bi Mvb ÔAvq‡i I Avq‡i, fvB‡i Avi eD‡ewU‡`i †bB‡Kv kvwo
ˆecixZ¨ _vKvq Ges cÂgevwnbxi wKQz †bZvi I fvB‡iÕ †ngšÍ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi myK‡É †iKW© A‡½ †Quov Kvwb,
Ks‡MÖ‡mi †jRyoe„wË K_vq Av‡›`vj‡bi nvIqv Kivb| mwjj †PŠayixi MYmsMxZ ZvB Ab¨ (gwi nvq nvq nvq nvq †i)!
†_‡g hvq| †hvkx wQ‡jb D`vicš’x| wZwb iPwqZv‡`i Mv‡bi gZ jyß n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avi Rwg`v‡ii eD‡qi †`‡Lv
Ks‡MÖ‡mi m‡½ mg‡SvZvq Avm‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| †`k ¯^vaxb nevi Av‡M weªwUk miKvi Ges IB †ikgx kvwoi SjKvwb (mRbx)|
iYw`‡f wQ‡jb Pigcš’x| ARq †Nv‡li gZ c‡ii Ks‡MÖm miKvi MÖv‡gv‡dvb †iK‡W© mwjj I fvB, MvgQv †eu‡a †c‡U‡i fvB
ga¨cš’v‡bZvivI †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z cv‡ibwb| †PŠayixi MYmsMxZ cÖKvk Ki‡e bv †R‡bB wZwb Avgiv Lvgvi fwi,
eZ©gv‡b cwðge‡½i K…lK‡`i Ae¯’vi A‡bK Mv‡bi K_v A‡bK g„`y A_©vr wbi_©K K‡i Z‡eB I‡`i ZvB bv GZ P¨vUvs P¨vUvs
cwieZ©b n‡jI AvRI fvMPvlxi msL¨v bMY¨ †iKW© Kwi‡q‡Qb| Av‡›`vj‡bi †Rvivj e³e¨ eywji evnv`yix,
bq| I fveg~wZ© Gme Mv‡b cy‡ivcywi †dv‡Uwb| (gwi nvq nvq nvq nvq †i)!
†hme NUbv MÖvgRxeb‡K cÖfvweZ ev KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i †bZviv MYmsMxZ‡K Avgiv PvB‡j †L‡Z I‡`i †Pv‡L
AvµvšÍ Kivi ci MÖvgevmxi g‡b ¯’vqx †iLvcvZ e¨envi Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Ks‡MÖm we‡ivax mi‡l dz‡ji PgKvwb (mRbx)|
K‡i †mme NUbv mnRfv‡e †jvKMv‡b dz‡U Ges †køvMvbag©x Mvb wnmv‡e| MYmsMxZ ev
I‡V| MÖvgevmx †mB Mvb MÖnY K‡i Ges Ôgvm msÕ-Gi ¸iæZ¡ KZLvwb, cÖ‡gv` `vk¸ß GB eÜ hw` ivwL †h fvB,
†M‡q _v‡K| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vjb ivR‰bwZK I †R¨vwZ emy c‡i ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, Zuviv †ÿZLvgv‡i LvUv
wµqvKj‡ci A½| MÖv‡gM‡Ä MÖvgxY Kwe Mvb eyS‡Zb bv| c~iYPuv` †hvkxi ci MYbvU¨ Avi eoeveyiv Lv‡eb Lvwe
†eu‡a‡Qb Ges †m Mvb DÏxcbvq MvIqvI m•N‡K ivRbxwZi kw³kvjx A½ wn‡m‡e MÖnY P¶ze n‡e fuvUv
n‡qwQj| Zey Av‡›`vjb `xN©¯’vqx I cy‡ivcywi Kivi †Póv Avi †KD K‡ibwb| MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni (gwi nvq nvq nvq †i)!
mdj bv nIqvi †ZfvMvi Mvb AvR †jv‡K fz‡j cÖ‡_g hy‡M MYmsMxZ ivRbxwZi nvwZqvi n‡Z Avi cwʇZi cwÊwZ Ny‡P
†M‡Q| Ggb A‡bK Mv‡bi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq cv‡i KviY †mB mg‡qi msMxZ mªóviv wQ‡jb eÜ n‡e KcPvwb (mRbx)|
cwðge½ cwÎKvi †ZfvMv msL¨vq (1404), AmvaviY ÿgZvi| †R¨vwZwi›`ªbv_ ˆgÎ,
ewZ©Kv cwÎKvi RyjvB-wW‡m¤^i 2003 msL¨vq webq ivq, †ngv½ wek¦vm,mwjj †PŠayix cÖgy‡Li Ggwb K‡i cïi g‡Zv
Ges Abyivav iv‡qi Pwjøk `k‡Ki evsjvq msMx‡Zi DrKl©Zv wQj Ab¯^xKvh©| Avi †Zv †h m‡n bv,
MYmsMxZ Av‡›`vjb eBwU‡Z| †hme Mv‡b myi mwjj †PŠayixi †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi kZ kwn` Wv‡K †i fvB
msiwÿZ nqwb A_ev cÖKvwkZ nqwb| wKQz MY AvRI mfv-mgv‡e‡k MxZ nq KviY ïa‡Z n‡e †`bv,
iscy‡ii mycwiwPZ †jvKMvb, WvOzqvi †m¸‡jvq i‡q‡Q ¯’vb-Kvj Qvwc‡q wPiKvjxb (gwi nvq nvq nvq nvq †i)!
Ôea~qv ZzBÕÑ MvbwU †f‡O webq ivq m„wó K‡ib, nevi Dcv`vb| e½f½ Av‡›`vj‡b iex›`ªbv_ Avgv‡`iB nv‡Z I‡`i Av‡Q
ÔMixe †`kevmx Mixe wKlvb fvBÕ| Kvjµ‡g †h-Mvb †`k‡K w`‡qwQ‡jb Zv AvRI Avgv‡`i giY evY Rvbwb (mRbx)|
MvbwU Zv‡`i KÉPz¨Z n‡q hvq| †mB cyi‡bv RvZxq m¤ú` n‡q Av‡Q|
ÔWvOzqvi ea~qv ZzBÕ- MvbwUB Avevi Zviv †M‡q †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi †køvMvb¸‡jv wQj GK mv‡_ me `uvovI Gevi
I‡V| AvcvZwePv‡i MvbwU nvm¨imvZ¥K g‡b gg©¯ú©kx †hgb: dzwj‡q ey‡Ki QvwZ
n‡jI ZiæYx ¯¿xi m‡½ e„× ¯^vgxi cÖZviYv ÔjvOj hvi Rwg ZviÕ, ÔAvwa bq, †ZfvMv Avi Ab¨vq‡K iæL‡ev
†kªvZv‡`i g‡b `yt‡Li mÂvi K‡i| MÖvg¨ msMxZ AvBÕ, ÔRvb †`e Zey avb †`e bvÕ, `Lj †i‡L †gviv R½x gRyi mv_x,
eûgvwÎKZvq †h KZ D”Pgv‡bi n‡Z cv‡i Zvi Pvl K‡iv, dmj †K‡U N‡i †Zv‡jvÕ ÔK…lK (gwi nvq nvq nvq nvq †i)|
wb`k©b G-MvbwUi gZ AviI eû Mv‡b Av‡Q| mwgwZi RqÕ Rwg`vix cÖ_v aŸsm nDK ÔK… [jvj SvÊv nv‡Z bvI,
mwjj †PŠayixj gZ †ek K‡qKRb lK‡`i MvwÛ bvBÕ (nv‡Ui BRviv`viiv cÖwZw`b Av‡Q fvB R½x gRyi mv_x
MYmsMxZ iPwqZv †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi †Zvjv ev MvwÛ wbZ, ÔwbR †Lvjv‡b avb †Zv‡jv, (gwi nvq nvq nvq nvq †i)!
¯§iY‡hvM¨ Mvb iPbv K‡i wQ‡jb| Z‡e mwjj `Lj †i‡L fvM K‡ivÕ Mv‡bi Kwj‡Z Ggb me GB weav‡bB aŸsm n‡e
†PŠayixi †ZfvMvi Mvb Ab¨‡`i Zzjbvq A‡bK †køvMvb ¯’vb †c‡qwQj| kZ weavb-bwjbxÑ cvV¨všÍi]
†ewk ¯’vwqZ¡ †c‡q‡Q| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi mwjj †PŠayixi †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi †gviv Ggwb K‡i Mo‡ev †g‡q‡`i
`y‡qKwU Mvb AvRI cÖvmw½K| mwjj †PŠayix Mvb¸‡jv wjwce× Kiv nj: myLx Rxeb Rvbwb (mRbx)Õ
wb‡RB Zuvi Mv‡bi K_v wewfbœ Av‡›`vj‡bi I fvB Pvlx †ÿ‡Zi gRyi, h‡ZK wKlvY wKlvYx G Mvb mwjj †PŠayixi e¨½vZ¥K Mvb
cÖ‡qvR‡b mvgvb¨ cv‡ë w`‡q mg‡qvc‡hvMx (mRbx), iPbvq `ÿZvi cwiPq †`q| we‡Øl-weiƒcZv
K‡i w`‡Zb| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi Mvb c‡ii GB †ejv bvI †Z‡j½vbvi c‡_i wbkvbx| cÖKvk Kivi Ggb fw½ Av‡›`vj‡bi mg‡q
Lv`¨-Av‡›`vj‡bi mg‡q A‡bK MvIqv n‡q‡Q| Avi GB †gviv i³ †X‡j Rwgb P‡l LyeB Kvh©Kix n‡qwQj| GB Mv‡bi e¨‡½vw³
MYmsMxZ RvZxqZvev`x ev RbMYmsMxZ ciMvQv cywljvg, Qvov Q‡›`i †`vjv I k‡ãi SsKvi DrK…ó-
fvevi h‡_ó AeKvk _vK‡jI †mB gvb cvqwb, †mB ciMvQv nBj †h ivRv, gv‡bi Kve¨¸‡Yi mvÿ¨ iv‡L| MvbwU w`jxc
KviY MYmsMxZ wQj MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni Mvb| Avi Avgiv Zvwi †Mvjvg, gy‡Lvcva¨vq m¤úvw`Z MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni Mvb-
MYbvU¨ msN cwðge‡½ KwgDwb÷ cvwU© PvwjZ (gwi nvq nvq nvq nvq †i)! MÖ‡š’ ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q| MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni Ab¨Zg
†mUv bv †g‡b Dcvq †bB| 1964 mv‡j cvwU© GB †`k Rwg‡bi †_‡K †kªô MvqK g›Uz †Nv‡li K‡É MvbwU a„Z n‡q‡Q|
wef³ nevi ci †_‡K wmwcGg cvwU©i ZË¡veav‡b Gevi AvMvQv `vI wbovwb (mRbx)| Zuvi AvKl©Yxq MvqKx GL‡bv MvbwU‡K RxešÍ
MYbvU¨ msN weivR Ki‡Q| †gv‡`i †g‡i †KD evbv‡jv K‡i †Zv‡j|
mwjj †PŠayixi †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi Mvb `vjvb AÆvwjKv †`k ¯^vaxb nevi ciI miKv‡ii
iwPZ n‡qwQj Zuvi Muv‡qi ea~ I I Ab¨vb¨ Avi Lχi fÏi nj †kvlYbxwZ Ae¨vnZ _vKvi weiæ‡× cÖwZev` Kiv
MYmsMxZ MÖv‡gv‡dvb †iK‡W© †`kevmxi Kv‡Q KZ †h PvgwPKv, n‡q‡Q| Kv‡jvevRvwi e¨emvqx Ges ivR‰bwZK

15
†bZv‡`i KzK‡g©i Zxeª wb›`v Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvB‡i I fvB‡i D‡jøL Wzqv‡m©i Pv-evMvb A‡ji AZ¨vPvi‡KI
Rwg`vi-†RvZ`vi I AK©gY¨ ZvwË¡K‡`i Ae¯’v fvB eÜz Pj hvB‡i ¯§iY Kwi‡q †`q| †iev ivq †PŠayix BD‡iv‡c
Av‡›`vj‡bi ci wK n‡e †mUv Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q| I ivg iwn‡gi evQv gv`vm© Kb‡fbm‡b-G wM‡qwQ‡jb| †mLv‡b Ô†nB
eÜbxi †fZ‡i Mv‡bi Ask¸‡jv cÖ_‡g I euvPv Avcb euvPv mvgv‡jvÕ MvbwU †M‡q gvZ K‡i w`‡qwQ‡jb|
MvIqv bv n‡jI wewfbœ mgv‡e‡ki I wgwQ‡ji P‡jv avb KvwU, Avi Kv‡K Wwi Zuvi bvgB n‡q wM‡qwQj Ô†nB mvgv‡jv|Õ
cÖ‡qvR‡b MvIqv nZ| wbR Lvgvi wb‡R fwi, Kv‡¯ÍUv kvbvB †i| †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi cUf‚wgKvq MYbvU¨
Ô†nB mvgv‡jv †nB mvgv‡jv GB gvwU‡Z KwjRvi Avkvq ¯^c‡bi exR eywb m‡•Ni Ab¨vb¨ msMxZKv‡iiv A‡bK D”Pgv‡bi
†nB mvgv‡jv avb †nv, Kv‡¯ÍUv `vI kvb †nv Avi †Pv‡Lwi Rj †mP w`‡q dm‡ji Kvj ¸wb Mvb iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| mwjj †PŠayixi cvkvcvwk
Rvb Keyj Avi gvb Keyj †ÿ‡Zi Av‡j Av‡j AvR †mvbvjx †XD †L‡j Ab¨vb¨ K…Zx msMxZ iPwqZv‡`i wKQz Mvb nj:
Avi †`e bv Avi †`e bv Avnv gvwU gvZv `yB nv‡Z Abœ Pv‡j ÔKv‡¯ÍUv w`I †Rv‡i kvbÕÑ K_v I myi
i‡³ †evbv avb †gv‡`i cÖvY †nv| †di N‡i N‡i bev‡bœ eB n‡e wK †ivkbvB‡i| †ngv½ wek¦vm, Ô†Zvi giv Mv‡O Gevi AvB‡jv
Avnv Kvi N‡i R¡‡jwb `xc †K AvQ Avuav‡i Gevi evbÕÑ K_v I myi †ngv½ wek¦vm, ÔeuvPe
wPwb †Zvgvq wPwb †Mv Rvwb †Zvgvq Rvwb †Mv Avnv Kvi evQvi †Rv‡Uwb `ya AvQ Abvnv‡i euvPe †i AvgivÕÑ K_v I myi †ngv½ wek¦vm,
mv`v nvwZi Kvjv gvûZ ZzwgB bv Avq Avq gvwUi Uv‡b KÉ fwi Mv‡b ÔAvi KZKvj ej KZKvj mBe G g„Zz¨
cÂv‡k jvL cÖvY w`wQ, gv †ev‡b‡`i gvb w`wQ gvwU †gv‡`i gvZv AvgivB †Zv weavZv AcgvbÕÑ K_v I myi webq ivq, Ô†nvB †i †nvB
Kv‡jv evRvi Av‡jv Ki Zzwg bv| GB gvwU‡Z beRxe‡bi iOgnj evbvB‡i| Avevi eywS giY Av‡m‡i N‡i N‡iÕÑ K_v I myi
mwjj †PŠayixi me‡P‡q Rw½ g‡bvfv‡ei Awbj †Nvl, Ôï‡bb hZ †`kevmx ï‡bb fvB
†gviv Zzje bv avb c‡ii †Mvjvq GB g~j MvbwU Av‡›`vj‡b DÏxcbv RywM‡qwQj| Mixe PvlxÕÑ K_v I myi wbeviY cwÊZ, Ô†kv‡bv
gie bv Avi ¶zavi R¡vjvq gie bv fviZxq MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni e‡¤^ Awa‡ek‡b mwjj KvKØxc †iÕ Ñ K_v I myi mvab ¸n, Ôab¨
Zvi Rwg †h jvOj Pvjvq †PŠayix G MvbwUB †M‡qwQ‡jb| Mv‡bi e³e¨ Zzwg Rb¥f‚wgÕÑ K_v fv¯‹i emy, myi wbg©‡j›`y
†Xi m‡qwQ Avi †Zv †gviv mBe bv †Rviv‡jv n‡jI mnR‡eva¨| c‡i †ngšÍ †PŠayix, Ôûuwkqvi nI mv_x wKlvY gR`yiÕÑ
GB jvOj aiv Kov nv‡Zi kc_ fz‡jv bv| gy‡Lvcva¨vq‡K w`‡q †iKwW©s Kivi my‡hvM K_v I myi evmy‡`e `vk¸ß, Ôm¤§y‡L duvKv
G‡j †ev‡Sb Mv‡bi e³e¨ big I miKv‡ii RvqMvq †gvUiMvwo _yBqvÕ I Ôi‡Y evwRj †i,
Avq‡i I Avq‡i fvB‡i I fvB‡i MÖnY‡hvM¨ bv Ki‡j †ngšÍevey MvB‡eb bv iY cvq iYWsKv mvwRj †iÕÑ Kvjx miKv‡ii
MvbwU †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡b †hgb MvIqv nZ Ges †iKW© †Kv¤úvwbI eva mva‡e| MvbwUi `yÕwU RsMvb, Ô†kvb †Mv `~‡ii cw_KÕÑ K_v
cÖ_‡g †`Iqv nj| c‡i †ngšÍ gy‡Lvcva¨v‡qi cwiewZ©Z iƒcwUi msMxwZK g~j¨ h‡_ó| K_v cÖexi gRyg`vi, myi K…òv emy, ÔNygvm bv Avi
K‡É †iK‡W© Ges mwjj †PŠayix cwiPvwjZ ÔNyg I my‡i MvbwU mykªve¨| RbM‡Yi mevi Kv‡Q †LvKv Avevi ewM© Gj †`‡kÕÑ K_v Awi›`g
fvOvi MvbÕ- K¨v‡m‡U †hgb †kvbv wM‡qwQj †cuŠQv‡Z hw` PvZz‡h©i Avkªq wb‡Z nq, †`vl e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, myi AwfwRr e‡›`¨vcva¨vq,
Mv‡bi †mB cwiewZ©Z Ges A‡cÿvK…Z wK! Ô¸iæ ¸iæ ¸iæ †g‡Ni ev`j ev‡RÕÑ K_v Abj
AKvh©Ki fvlvq †jLv MvbwUI DׄZ nj| cÖ_ mwjj †PŠayix Zuvi Nyg fvOvi MvbÕ K¨v‡m‡U P‡Ævcva¨vq, myi AwfwRr e‡›`¨vcva¨vq, ÔA‡bK
gwU Av‡›`vj‡bi mgKvjxb Mvb: e‡j‡Qb †h MvbwU 1948 mv‡j iwPZ| MvbwU‡Z fz‡ji gvïj †Zv fvB w`jvg Rxeb f‡iÕÑ K_v
(K) Av‡›`vj‡bi msK‡íi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| 1946- Abj P‡Ævcva¨vq, myi AwfwRr e‡›`¨vcva¨vq|
Avq‡i I Avq‡i Gi 29 RyjvB †`ke¨vcx ag©NU n‡j mwjj mwjj †PŠayix iwPZ KweZvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q
fvB‡i I fvB‡i †PŠayix †XD DV‡Q Kviv UzU‡QÕ MvbwU †j‡Lb cwiwPZ I `xN© KweZv kc_| my›`ie‡bi
fvB eÜz Pj hvB‡i| Ges †mw`bB gby‡g‡›Ui wb‡P jv‡Lv gvby‡li P›`bwcuwoi †ZfvMv wgwQ‡j ivB‡djavix
I ivg iwn‡gi evQv mgv‡e‡k MvbwU MvIqv nq| MvbwU wbtm‡›`‡n cywjk ¸wj Pvjvq 6 b‡f¤^i 1948| wbi¯¿
I euvPv Avcb euvPv Zuvi GKwU †kªô msMxZKxwZ©| mvsMxwZK Áv‡b msMÖvgx huviv cÖvY nvivb Zv‡`i g‡a¨ wQ‡jb
P‡jv avb KvwU, Avi Kv‡K Wwi I ÿgZvq †R¨vwZwi›`ª ˆgÎ ZLb MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni Anj¨v, evZvmx, m‡ivwRbx, Awk¦bx, M‡Rb Ges
wbR Lvgvi wb‡R fwi, Kv‡¯ÍUv kvbvB †i| D”Pvm‡b| mwjj †PŠayix †R¨vwZwi›`ª ˆg‡Îi †`‡eb| Anj¨v mšÍvbm¤¢ev kwn`| Anj¨v I
(GB) Pvlx n‡e Rwgi gvwjK ¯^ivR n‡j ïwb mvwbœ‡a¨ KZLvwb DcK…Z n‡qwQ‡jb †m-K_v m‡ivwRbxi bv‡g Mvb †eu‡a‡Qb webq ivq, Awbj
GLb gvwjK hZ NyNy kvwjL †ckv`vix Lywb gy³K‡É ¯^xKvi K‡i †M‡Qb| Zey †h AmvaviY †Nvl cÖgyL| MYbvU¨ m‡•Ni e¨v‡j `j Anj¨v
Avi †bZv eo eo, me e³…Zv‡Z `o ÿgZv _vK‡j ÔMÖvg Qvov IB ivOv gvwUi c_ b„Z¨bvU¨ ˆZwi K‡i hvi Kvwnbx I msjvc
GLb wbR nv‡Z fvM¨ Movi G‡m‡Q mgq †i| ev Ôjv cvjygvÕ-i gZ me©v½my›`i Mvb m„wó Kiv iPwqZv bbx †fŠwgK| b„Z¨ cwiPvjbv K‡ib
jvj euv`‡ii †cvlv nvwZi AZ¨vPv‡i KZ hvq Zv wQj mwjj †PŠayixi| GB MvbwUi euvab, kw³ bvM| k¤fz fÆvPv‡h©i bv‡g ZLb cywj‡ki
(GB) †f‡O‡Q Ni g‡i‡Q fvB gv-†evb jÿ gbgvZv‡bv k‡ãi cÖ‡qvM, †`kR my‡ii Av‡e`b Iqv‡i›U| ZvB †`eeªZ wek¦vm kw³ bvM‡K wb‡q
kZ I MÖvgxY Qwe †dvUvevi mvdj¨Ñ me wgwj‡q Av‡mb| msMxZ cwiPvjbv K‡ib K…òP›`ª emy
H Kgjvcyi eov, Avi KvKØxc †Wv½v‡Rvov Av‡Rv †`kevmxi g‡b D¾¡j n‡q Av‡Q| G I mwjj ivq| MxZ iPbv K‡ib mwjj †PŠayix,
G‡m‡Q WvK P‡jv bv mevB †mvbv Zzwj N‡i| Mvb Ô†KvqvbUvbv‡givÕ-i gZ wPiAv`iYxq webq ivq I kw³ P¨vUvwR©|
I Muv‡qi hZ †Rvqvb gi` jvwV wbI nv‡Z nevi K_v| eo Avb›` nq hLb GB MvbwU mwjj †PŠayixi G KweZviB Askwe‡k‡l
H Ly‡b ivOv SvÊv †hb _v‡K mevi mv‡_ A-KwgDwb÷ cvwU©i mgv‡e‡k I MvIqv nq| myi w`‡qwQ‡jb AwfwRr e‡›`¨vcva¨vq| KweZv
Avi `ylgb hw` Av‡m, †hb †Pv‡Li R‡j fv‡m Mv‡bi DrKl© MvbwU‡K cvwU©i MwÊi evB‡i wb‡q cv‡Vi duv‡K duv‡K KweZvi Kwj my‡i MvIqv
†hb jy‡U Lvevi ¶zav Zvnvi †g‡U G‡Kev‡i| †M‡Q| nZ| GB MvbwU bvbv mgv‡e‡k cwi‡ewkZ
I Muv‡qi hZ gv-†evb Av‡Q, †Zvgiv †_‡Kv †ZfvMv Av‡›`vj‡bi cËb K…lK‡`i n‡q‡Q| msMxZvs‡k g›Uz †Nv‡li KÉ iPbvwU‡K
N‡i nv‡Z| GB Mv‡b Zv‡`i j‡ÿ¨ w¯’Z _vK‡Z AmvaviY D”PgvÎvq †cuŠ‡Q w`Z| eZ©gv‡b g›Uz
H AvukewU Avi KvUvwiUv †i‡Lv nv‡Z K‡i AvnŸvb Kiv n‡q‡Q| ÔKv‡¯ÍUv`vI kvb †nvÕ- †Nv‡li (KweZvcv‡Vi m‡½) Mv‡bi As‡k a‡i
†hb `vjvj †eBgvb hZ, cvq wkÿv DwPZ gZ Gi gZ ÔKv‡¯ÍUv‡i w`I †Rv‡i kvbÕ †`evi K_v ivLv n‡q‡Q|
(GB) evsjv‡`‡ki gv-†evb KZ kw³ nv‡Z Ab¨ MxwZKv‡iivI wj‡L‡Qb| mv`v nvwZi Kvjv
a‡i| gvûZ K_v¸‡jv AZ¨vPvix weªwUk cÖkvmK I
wØZxqwU †iK‡W©i Mvb: ZrKvjxb ivR‰bwZK `‡ji g`Zcyó †kvlK‡`i mgxiKzgvi ¸ß
Avq‡i I Avq‡i wPÎ Aciƒc `ÿZvq †dvUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| nvwZi cwðge‡½i cÖvewÜK, ms¯‹…wZKg©x

16
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†fZi †_‡K evievi `jv cvwK‡q D‡V Avm‡Q wKQz GKUv, `‡ivRv eÜ K‡i †`qvq †m wKQz PvIqvi mvnmB K‡iwb,
ZLb nvo wRiwR‡i kxY© †jvKwU cÖvq gb¯’ K‡i †d‡j †h †KD †KD ¶zä n‡q ag‡KI Zvwo‡q‡Q| wKš‘ G evwo‡Z
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GiKg, GLv‡b wKsev †hLv‡bB †nvK G¶zwY Zvi ï‡q cov GLv‡b wKQz wg‡j hv‡e|
Ri“wi| bZzev, †m eyS‡Z cv‡i, nq‡Zv AwP‡iB Zv‡K G cvovq †XvKvi ci †_‡K `yÕPvi‡U Qvov †Kvb
cÖvYnxb ï‡q co‡Z n‡e wPiw`‡bi R‡b¨| evwoi †M‡Ui Kv‡QI †m †Nul‡Z cv‡iwb KwVb †Pvqvj
ev¯—‡e wKš‘ †m Av‡iv K‡qK cv G‡Mvq| gv_vi Zx¶èKÉ `v‡ivqvb‡`i R‡b¨ wKsev bv`ymby`ym wnsmªgyL
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wbPz †`qvjUv‡Z wcV †VwK‡q Kzu‡Rv gvby‡li fw½‡Z Aí¶Y G‡m‡Q Ges LvwbK Av‡M AwZwi³ `ye©jZvi R‡b¨ Zvi
`uvovq †m| †`qvjUv LvwbK GwM‡q †_‡g †M‡Q| Avevi c‡o hvIqvi Dcµg n‡qwQjÑ Gme Kvi‡YB G evwo‡Z
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Kiv †`qvj, evwoi †MU| †MUUv †jvnvi Ges †m Abygvb Aey‡Si gZ GKUv gwiqv Avkv wb‡q †M‡Ui duvK w`‡q Ae¯’vUv Zvi
K‡i Aek¨B I‡Z Zvjv jvMv‡bv, Zey GKUv `„p cÖZ¨vkv Svcmv †Pv‡L BwZDwZ wKQz GKUv LuyR‡Z _v‡K| wewìsUv GiKg, GLv‡b
Zv‡K Av‡iv K‡qK cv G¸‡Z DØy× K‡i| Z‡e †`qv‡ji †ek `~‡i, mvg‡b A‡bKUv Ask †Lvjv, Zvi euv w`‡K
mvnvh¨ Qvov Gevi †m nuvU‡Z Amg_© nq| †KD Zv‡K evMvb, Wv‡bi AvwObvq weivU †PŠ‡KvYv `vM †`qv GjvKvi wKsev †hLv‡bB
†`‡L bv, KviY cyivbv cëb †j‡bi AveQvqv iv¯—v¸‡jv‡Z Pvi fv‡M Pvi‡U As‡ki Nvm giv| cÖej R¡‡ii †ivMxi †nvK G¶zwY
AvR GB DËxY©-mܨvq †jvK PjvPj cÖvq †bB| `~‡i †Pv‡Li gZ jvj wUgwU‡g Av‡jvi wb‡P Qvj IVv KzKz‡ii
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gZ jv‡M| Avi Zvi gwjb Aw¯—Z¡ †Zv A¯úóZvi g‡a¨ Aweivg c`cv‡Zi mv¶¨ enb Ki‡Q, Av‡kcv‡k †Kvb Ri“wi| bZzev,
A¯úóZi| gvby‡li mvov †bB| `vM †`qv †PŠ‡KvYv RvqMvUv GKUv
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Rwgi Avjx I‡Z fi w`‡q `uvwo‡q Avevi nuvcv‡Z ïi“ †h mZK© cÖniv †bB e‡j †m GLv‡b `uvov‡Z †c‡iwQj, nq‡Zv AwP‡iB
K‡i| GKUv wewPÎ Abyf‚wZ nq Zvi, eywS †m Zx‡_© †cuŠ‡Q †h kãnxbZv wKsev ejv P‡j i“¶ K‡Éi Abycw¯’wZ Zv‡K
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Zv‡K cÖvYnxb
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†Kb †m mܨvi Av‡M †_‡K `ye©j i“Mœ kixi wb‡q gvby‡li c‡i meUzKz m¤¢vebv wbt‡kl n‡q †M‡j wKsKZ©e¨weg~p wPiw`‡bi
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17
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bvwofuywo wLu‡P D‡ë †ei n‡q Avm‡Z Pvq| †`Iqvi m~²vwZm~² LuywUbvwU| GgbwK avb m‡½ Ry‡U †hZÑ †m GLb wb‡RB gvSvwi
Kvbœv cvq Rwgi Avjxi, mvivgyL weK…Z n‡q wm× †`evi ci Kq †iv‡` wVKgZ Ôj¨vPvÕ jv‡M †Mv‡Qi †bZv| kªwgK †bZv| A_P †Kvb mgq
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AkÖ“k~b¨ †PvL `yÕ‡Uv †gvQvi R‡b¨B| Gfv‡eB mvnvh¨ K‡i‡Q| Mi“ QvM‡ji h‡Zœ Zvi ΓwU KvR KiZ, IB Aí eq‡mB †mB †bZvi n‡q
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Icv‡ki wZbZjvUv †`L‡Z cvq| d¬¨vU evwo| Rv‡b| Zvi nv‡Z QvIqv L‡oi ev Q‡bi KiZ| GKevi †Zv GK cÖwZc¶‡K wKQz‡ZB
wbPZjvi cÖavb †M‡U cici wZb‡U myBP| Pvj nq wbLuyZ, A‡bK So SvcUv‡Z wbcvU †VKvb hv‡e bv †`‡L wb‡Ri `‡ji GK wbixn
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†m †Kvb f‚wgKv bv K‡iB (hw`I ej‡Z Afv‡ei Kx iv¶z‡m †PnvivB bv †`‡L G‡m‡Q wbnZ †mB †Q‡jwUi weaev gv GLb Kzgyw`bx
†P‡qwQj cÖvq wZb w`b †m wKQz Lvqwb Ges †m Gevi| nvmcvZv‡ji †M‡U e‡m wewb‡q wewb‡q Kuv‡`|
fqvbK Amy¯’, wKš‘ G gyn~‡Z© e¨vL¨v †`qv Zvi wZbwU mš—vb wb‡q Zvi m¤^jnxb eDUv wf¶v K‡i|
mva¨vZxZ) e‡jÑ `yBWv LvBevi w`‡eb? wKfv‡e w`b KvUv‡”Q, K_vUv fve‡ZI Zvi fq Av”Qv, Avjg e¨vcvix, mv`yjøv gywÝ,
Zi“Yx †Kvb Reve bv w`‡q P‡j hvq| nq| wb‡R‡K Acivax jv‡M| wKš‘ Kx-B ev †n‡ivBbwP K`g, WvBj‡Lvi ev`Bj¨v, Mi“‡Pvi
Suy‡K _vKv eyfz¶z Rwgi Avjxi †Pv‡Li mvg‡b †m Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvi †P‡q GB fvj| Avjøvni Mdzi, Giv †KD wK cvcx bv? KB, G‡`i †Zv
wMÖ‡ji Icv‡k fvix c`©v Szj‡Z _v‡K| ing‡Zi fimvq †m †Q‡o w`‡q G‡m‡Q I‡`i| kvw¯— nq bv| Rwgi Avjx Lye Amnvq †eva
Avk¦vmnxb Rwgi Avjx bo‡Z cv‡i bv| GKUz GLb †Zv wb‡R‡KB Rwgi Avjx Uvb‡Z cv‡i K‡i| fvebv wPš—vi †Kvb _B cvq bv| wKš‘
c‡i Ô†`wL P‡j †M‡Q wK bvÕ ej‡Z ej‡Z bv| I‡`i Dc‡i wM‡q †evSv nIqv Qvov Avi Zvi wecbœ gw¯—‡®‹i †Kvb GKwU †Kvl †_‡K
Zi“YxwU †di Rvbvjvi c`©v Zz‡j a‡i †cQ‡b Kx DcKv‡i jvM‡e †m| nVvr †hb GK wPj‡Z Av‡jv Sj‡m I‡V|
wd‡i e‡jÑ Rwgi Avjx fv‡e, †Kvb cv‡c Zvi Ggb cvc cÖm‡½ GKwU m¤ú~Y© wfbœ NUbv Zvi g‡b
bv `v`x, P‡j hvq bvB| Av‡Q| GB †h, kvw¯— nj| †m j¶¨ K‡i‡Q, hZevi †m bvbvb c‡oÑ
Avcwb `uvovb| So SvcUv mvg‡j myg‡j GKUz w_Zz n‡q em‡Z mv‡jnvi m‡½ Zvi we‡q hLb nq
†k‡li K_v¸‡jv Rwgi Avjx‡K j¶¨ Pvq msmv‡i, ZLbB GKUv bv GKUv evjv- ZLb mv‡jnv eQi †lv‡jv m‡Z‡ivi †g‡q|
K‡i ejv| gywmeZ Zv‡K D‡jvU-cv‡jvU K‡i †`q| G cvbcvZvi gZ gyL| †`L‡jB g‡b nq
AwP‡iB Rwgi Avjxi mvg‡b evB‡ii eÜ wK‡mi AvjvgZ| †Kvb cv‡ci kvw¯— †m cvq| GBgvÎ Nyg †_‡K D‡V gyL ay‡q G‡m‡Q|
†MUwU Ly‡j hvq| †fZ‡i Xz‡K, Dc‡i D‡V g‡bi g‡a¨ AvwZcvwZ K‡i Luy‡RI wb‡Ri Pzj wQj, Nb †MvQvi Pzj| mvaviYZ we‡qi
hvIqv wmuwoi wb‡Pi duvKv NycwP RvqMvwU‡Z †m Rvbvg‡Z Kiv †Zgb †Kvb eo Aciva †m †ei K‡bi Pz‡j bvbv iOX‡Oi †Luvcv Kiv nq|
e‡m| †QvU GKwU †g‡qi euv nv‡Z ZiKvwimn Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| AcivaB †Zv cvc, ¸YvnÑ wKš‘ mv‡jnvi Pz‡j `yÕ‡Uv †eYx K‡i GKUvi
GK_vjv fvZ, Wvbnv‡Z GKwU bxj cøvw÷‡Ki bvwK? Zvi mij gMR GiKg †mvRv-mvcUvB †Mvovq Av‡iKUvi WMv †eu‡a Kgjv i‡Oi
Møv‡m cvwbÑ †`‡L †Kgb Awek¦vm¨ jvM‡Z wPš—v K‡i| †Zv, gvivZ¥K †Kvb ¸Yvni †Zv wdZvq dzj †Zvjv wQj| †Pv‡L †gvUv KvRj
_v‡K Zvi| fvZ †L‡Z ïi“ KÕ‡i †m GKevi cÖkœB I‡V bv, †hme †QvULvU ¸Yvni KvR Zvi Avi mvgvb¨ wjcw÷K, jvj| Avi †Kvb mvR
mvg‡b ZvKvq| `iRvi Kv‡Q `uvov‡bv Zi“Yx eÜz evÜe †n‡m-†L‡j K‡i‡Q, †mm‡eiI av‡i †bB, †Zgb K‡i Pzj euvavi ev mvwR‡q †`evi
wKsev †QvU †g‡qwU, †KD †bB| wbweó n‡q Kv‡Q †m hvqwb| VvÊy e¨vcvixi †Q‡j Avjg, gZ cvi½g AvcbRb ev mLx mv‡jnvi wQj
†L‡Z †L‡Z A‡bK K_v g‡b c‡o Zvi| †d‡j †h GLb ÔAvjg e¨vcvixÕ bv‡g Av‡kKcy‡i bv| we‡qi iv‡Zi mvR wn‡m‡e mv‡jnvi
Avmv wfUvevwo, cvwbi Zjvq Pvj ch©š— Wz‡e Lye bvgx e¨emv`vi, hyeK eq‡m Rwg‡ii mvRm¾v wQj LyeB mv`vgvUv| n‡j wK n‡e|
hvIqv †QvU-eo wZbUv Q‡bi Ni Avi K‡qKUv eÜz wQj, gvÎ m‡Z‡iv eQi eqm †_‡KB †m GUzKzB Rwgi‡K cvMj K‡i w`‡qwQj| PweŸk
¶zavZ© gyL| Uv½vB‡ji evmvBj GjvKvq Zvi cvovq †g‡q‡`i Kv‡Q ivZ KvUvZ| IUv wQj cuwPk eQi eqm Zvi, †m mgq we‡q Kivi
RxY© evwoi DVvb †_‡K eb¨vi cvwb †b‡g Zvi Kv‡Q WvjfvZ| †hw`b mܨvq Ryqvq Zvi c‡¶ h‡_óB †ewk| eÜziv cÖvq mevB weevwnZ,
†M‡Q A‡bK Av‡MB| wKš‘ †m ILv‡b wd‡i gb em‡Zv bv, `v‡bi ci `vb nviZ, †mw`b Zv‡`i `v¤ú‡Z¨i imv‡jv eY©bv ï‡b AbwfÁ
wM‡q Kx Ki‡e! Zvi GB Ak³ A¶g i“Mœ †m Aek¨B me©¯^vš— nIqvi Av‡M, mK‡ji wKš‘ D‡cvmx hyeK †`‡n KZevi D_vj-cv_vj
kixi, KvbvKwoi m¤^jnxb nvZ Zvi cwiev‡ii wQtwQ°v‡ii †fZ‡iB †ewi‡q †hZÑ cwÆ So e‡q †hZ bxi‡e| evB‡i †m kvš— _vKevi
†Kvb Kv‡R Avm‡e? †_BKv NyBiv AvB Mv| MvI g¨vR g¨vR K‡i| †PóvB KiZ| _vKZI| wKš‘ Zvi Rxe‡b
kn‡iI †m †Kvb KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| mK‡jB RvbZ †m evRv‡i ÔcwÆÕ bv‡gi mwZ¨B hLb ivZUv Gj, †m cvMj cvMj †eva
Pvlvev` Qvov, †Mi¯’vwji KvR Qvov †Zgb Szcwo‡Z Kvi Kv‡Q hv‡”Q| Rwg‡ii bv KiwQj| Avi mv‡jnv †Zv wQj ANÖv‡bi cvKv

18
av‡bi gZB cyó| cyó Avi UvbUvb| Rwgi ¸Yv A‡ev K¨v? Avjøvq †Zvgvi wbMv GK_vjv fvZ †L‡Z A‡bK¶Y jv‡M
wK Ki‡e eyS‡Z bv †c‡i A‡bK¶Y Pzc K‡i Avgv‡i Avi Avgvi wbMv †Zvgv‡i wgjvBqv Zvi| †XvK wMj‡Z Mjvq e¨_v nq, gyLUvI
e‡mwQj| e‡m †_‡K NvgwQj| wb‡Ri kix‡ii `ywbqvZ cvWvB‡Q| †Z‡Zv| Rxe‡bi Rb¨, euvPevi Rb¨ Acwinvh©
g‡a¨Kvi Aw¯’iZv‡K mvgvj w`‡Z Kó nw”Qj Zey mv‡jnvi a›` Kv‡U bv, †m nuvcv‡Z Avi GB gyn~‡Z© fxlY `vgx GB LveviUzKz
Zvi| mv‡jnv Kx ey‡S‡Q †K Rv‡b, †m Zvi nuvcv‡Z e‡jÑ bv Qv‡ob, Qv‡ob †`wn| gvb&‡l `ª“Z LvIqvI Zvi c‡¶ KóKi| hw`I †c‡U
j¾vfiv †PvL Zz‡j e‡jwQjÑ gvBS ivBZ, †h Kq... iv¶‡mi gZ wL`v, Zey GKUv cÖej fqI
Nyg cvo‡eb bv? Rwgi Qv‡o bv, Av‡iv Avu‡Uv K‡i Rwo‡q Zv‡K `ª“Z LvIqv †_‡K weiZ iv‡L| †m fxZ
Pg‡K D‡VwQj Rwgi| Zvi ey‡K nvZzwoi a‡i e‡jÑ gvb&‡l wK Kq? nq ev †Zgb GKUv bv †f‡eB Ae‡PZb GKwU
Nv| Zoeo K‡i e‡jÑ bv bv| Nyg cvoe K¨v| Ñ nM‡j Kq e‡j... mZK©Zv Zvi g‡a¨ G‡m hvq, Lye Av‡¯— bv
Nyg cvoe bv| mv‡jnvi K_v cy‡iv nevi Av‡MB Rwgi †L‡j Zvi cvK¯’jx A‡bK K‡ó cvIqv GB
mv‡jnvi gyL jvj n‡q D‡V‡Q| Lye Zvi †VuvU eÜ K‡i w`‡q‡Q Pz¤^‡b| ¶zavZ© Rxeb-euvPv‡bv A‡bœi MÖvm wbg©gfv‡e DM‡j
Aùz‡U ejjÑ Zq? wkïi gZ mv‡jnvi †VuvU †_‡K Ag„Z ï‡l wb‡q w`‡Z cv‡i| NUbvwU NU‡j Zvi Ae¯’v Kx
mv‡jnv ZvwK‡q Av‡Q bZ‡Pv‡L| Rwgi wb‡Ri D‡cvmx †hŠeb‡K †hb Z…ß Ki‡Z Pvq n‡Z cv‡i Zv fve‡Z cvivi Av‡MB Zvi nvZ
Zvi gy‡Li w`‡K Gevi ZvKvq ¯úó `„wó‡ZÑ Rwgi| †Vuv‡U †Vuv‡U Gfv‡e ÔPzgv LvIbÕ Rwgi kø_MwZ n‡q Av‡m| G mgq wmuwoN‡ii wb‡P
Zq Av‡mv GKUz K_vevZ©v KB, †Zvgvi bvg ev¯—‡e KL‡bv †`‡Lwb| evRv‡i fvov Kiv cwiZ¨³ GKwU dz‡ji U‡e AvPgKv `„wó c‡o
wK? wfwmAvi-G wdwjg †`Lvq| wU‡KU jv‡M| Zvi, GKcvk fvOv Kv‡jv gvwUi UewU‡Z
GBevi mv‡jnv †hb Aí GKUz Pvcv †m wU‡KU †K‡U A‡bKevi †`‡L‡Q| †`‡L GL‡bv Aí gvwU Av‡Q| ïK‡bv| i“Ly| wKš‘
†n‡mB †d‡jÑ Kx-B gvbyl! Avgvi bvg h¨vb& wk‡L‡Q| wKQz¶Y ci †VuvU gy³ n‡j mv‡jnv G gvwU‡ZB Avagiv GKwU gvwbcøv‡›Ui Wv‡j
ZvBb Rv‡b bv| Avevi g„`yK‡É e‡jÑ gvby‡l ûbwQ Kq... `yÕwU i“Mœ KwPcvZv| d¨vKv‡k meyR| Rwgi
Rwgi G‡jv‡g‡jv †eva K‡i, gyn~Z©gvÎ, Kx Kq? Avjx Zvi fxlY K¬vš— †Nvjv‡U `„wó wdwi‡q
KviY †m mv‡jnvi gy‡L †PvL †dj‡ZB Kq e‡j gvBqv gvby‡li ¯^vgx Zvi B¾Z Av‡b fv‡Zi _vjvq|
†`‡L, †NvgUv L‡m cov Aí-mvRv‡bv gyLUv i¶v K‡i| Kv‡Ri †g‡qUv Kqevi G‡m DuwK †g‡i
DuPz K‡i gvqvfiv †Pv‡L AevK n‡q ZvwK‡q n, Zv †Zv K‡iB| hvq, †`‡L †Kgb GKwU ms‡KvP Zv‡K me©v‡½
Av‡Q mv‡jnv| †m Zvi i‡³i †fZ‡i eywS ZvB‡j Anb Avgvi B¾Z †MZv‡Q Kvi wN‡i a‡i| †g‡qwUi †Pv‡L m‡›`n| †g‡qwU
LB dzU‡Q e‡j †Ui cvq| †hb IB gyn~‡Z©B Kv‡Q| wK †f‡e‡Q Rwgi Avjx GB _vjv Møvm wb‡q
†m cÖ_gev‡ii gZ eyS‡Z cv‡i mvg‡b emv Rwgi AevK nqÑ †Zvgvi B¾Z †MZv‡Q cvjv‡e? K_vUv g‡b G‡j †m wb‡Ri †fZ‡i
IB AuvUmvU †`‡ni, gvqvex gy‡Li, Mfxi Mv? KzuK‡o Av‡m, GKUv nxb `xbZvq `xY© wb‡R‡K
†Pv‡Li gvwjK GB †g‡qwU †K? †Kb †m GB †MZv‡Q bv Zq? Avc‡bB †Zv cqjv... Zvi g‡b nq ¶zavZ© GKwU KzKzi, hv‡K Lvevi
cÖ_gev‡ii gZ GKwU N‡i Mfxi iv‡Z GKwU Rwgi Avjxi Mjv dvwU‡q nvm‡Z B‡”Q w`‡q jvwV DuwP‡q `uvwo‡q Av‡Q gwbe, hv‡Z
ZiZvRv †g‡qi Mv †Nu‡l e‡m Av‡Q| Zvi K‡i| Kx e‡j cvMjx| Gevi Avi euva gv‡b bv cÖvc¨UzKz †L‡q Avi wKQz‡Z gyL bv w`‡q
Mv‡qi †fZ‡i UMeM K‡i dzU‡Q i³, wkivq Rwg‡ii †cŠi“l, †m Zxeª Av‡e‡M wb‡Ri g‡a¨ †d‡j|
wkivq `vcv‡”Q Av¸b| †mB m‡½ Zvi wb‡Ri m¤ú~Y© hy³ K‡i †d‡j mv‡jnv‡K, Zvi me©v‡½i Ñ GB e¨vWv, _vjvWv ayBqv cvwbWv evB‡i
†fZi †_‡K m‡Z‡R gv_v Zz‡j `uvov‡”Q GK Av¸b eywS Mwj‡q †d‡j mv‡jnvi j¾v, fq, dvjvqv w`‡qv|
A‡Pbv Aw¯—Z¡| Aíwkw¶Z Rwgi wkí wKsev wØav RoZv| A‡bK mgq a‡i Lye fvix Avi Rwgi Avjx wKQz e‡j bv| LvIqv †kl
KvgKjvi avi av‡i bv| †m cÖ_‡gB nvZ A¯úó Mjvq †_‡g †_‡g e‡j RwgiÑ n‡j _vjvUv ay‡q evB‡i cvwb †dj‡Z †M‡j
†i‡LwQj Zvi mePvB‡Z Mfxi †KŠZ~n‡ji n... AvwgB cqjv... AvwgB †kl... Avwg †fZi †_‡K †K GKRb Lye Z¨³ wei³ n‡q
e¯‘, mv‡jnvi ey‡K| Zvi nvZ wK KuvcwQj? memgq, mvivRxeb eD, mvivRxeb| ag‡Ki Mjvq e‡jÑ wK‡i ivwe, ZzB GZ¶Y
AvR †m Avi g‡b Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| wKš‘ †mB Mfxi iv‡Z mv‡jnvi mvZ ivRvi ab wK Kwim `iRv Ly‡j †i‡L?
cwi¯‹vi g‡b c‡o, mv‡jnv †Ku‡c D‡VwQj| ÔB¾ZÕ Lye Av`‡ii m‡½ m¤ú~Y© `Lj K‡iwQj Ñ e¨vWvi LvIqv †Zv †gv‡W k¨vl ABj
†h Rb¨ Rwgi Zvi evg evû w`‡q A‡bKUv Rwgi| c‡i GB wb‡q `yÕRbvi g‡a¨ KZ †h Av¤§v| `v`xRv‡b KB‡jv...
Afq †`qvi gZ †Ni w`‡q Rwo‡q a‡iwQj wbweo iwmKZv n‡q‡Q| Ñ Avq wkMMxi| †MU jvMv|
mv‡jnvi evg Kuva Avi Wvb nv‡Z Lye Av`‡ii Rwgi Avjxi gy‡L Avðh© my‡Li Av‡jv| Lye Av‡¯— evB‡i cv evovq Rwgi Avjx|
m‡½ eøvD‡Ri †fZ‡i ¯úk© K‡iwQj Zvi evg AvR, mg‡qi GB `xN© `~i‡Z¡i K_v eyywS fz‡j Zvi gy‡Li Ici LUvm K‡i eÜ n‡q hvq
¯—b| wVK GKUv †cqviv wKsev Wvwjg hZœ hvq †m, Zvi g‡bi g‡a¨ `ª“Z k¦v‡mi m‡½ Abœ`vÎxi evwoi `‡ivRv| †mw`‡K ZvwK‡q
K‡i aievi gZB| wKš‘ Zvi nv‡Zi Zvjy‡Z ¸b¸wb‡q I‡V igYK¬vš—, cwiZ…ß hyeK Rwgi Avevi †mB cyi‡bv weewglvq Mv ¸wj‡q I‡V
Lye `ª“Z Lvov n‡q IVv GKwU †QvÆ †euvUvq Avjxi Kɯ^i| ey‡Ki m‡½ †j‡Þ Av‡Q cyi“ó Zvi, wb‡R‡K g‡b n‡Z _v‡K †Nvjv cvwb‡Z
Pvc jvM‡Z bv jvM‡ZB mv‡jnv Afq cvIqvi igYx, Zvi bqv eD| †m wdmwdwm‡q e‡jÑ n, fvm‡Z _vKv KxU| `xN©w`‡bi Afve Abvnvi
e`‡j f‡q KzuK‡o wM‡q `ª“Z Rwg‡ii nvZUv mvivRxeb eD, AvwgB mvivRxeb| n| Avi Amy¯’Zv Zvi g‡a¨ AvZ¥m¤§vb ej‡Z
mwi‡q wb‡Ri `yÕnvZ AvovAvwo †P‡c a‡iwQj Ñ Avi wKQz jvM‡e? wKQz Aewkó iv‡Lwb, Zey wb‡R‡K Zvi
ey‡K| Avi nuvcvw”Qj| Ggbfv‡e ey‡K nvZ Pg‡K I‡V Rwgi Avjx| `‡ivRvq Avevi eo AcgvwbZ g‡b nq| wKš‘ GiB g‡a¨
†P‡c a‡iwQj †hb ILv‡b †m Lye g~j¨evb wKQz Zi“Yxi Dcw¯’wZ| Zvi cÖkœUv eywS Rwgi Zvi mg¯— gb gvby‡li cÖwZ, Rxe‡bi cÖwZ
jywK‡q †i‡L‡Q| wKQz‡ZB nvZQvov n‡Z †`‡e Avjxi gM‡R †cuŠQvq bv, d¨vj d¨vj K‡i K…ZÁZvq by‡q c‡o, KviY GLb †m nuvU‡Z
bv| ZvwK‡q _v‡K †m| cvi‡Q| gv_v wSgwSg Ki‡Q Ki“K, iv¯—vq
nu¨v, g~j¨evb †Zv e‡UB, Rwgi ey‡SwQj Ñ Avi wKQz jvM‡e wKbv wR‡Ám KiwQ| jywU‡q c‡o Nywg‡q †h‡Z B‡”Q Ki‡Q Ki“K,
LvwbK c‡iB| Lye LyeB g~j¨evb iZœ †mLv‡b| Avcwb †Zv wKQz Lv‡”QbB bv| wKš‘ †m †nu‡U GwM‡q †h‡Z cvi‡Q Zvi ew¯—i
Avi †mB iZœ WvKvwZi mgq mv‡jnv nVvr e‡j GZLvwb AhvwPZ †mŠnv`© Rwgi Avjx‡K Av¯—vbvwUi w`‡K|
I‡VÑ Qv‡ob †`wn, ¸Yvn A‡ev bv? KvZi K‡i †d‡j| †PvL wf‡R I‡V AKvi‡YÑ
Rwgi ZLb mvnmx n‡q D‡V‡Q, e‡jÑ bv bv gv, Avi wKQz jvM‡ev bv| GB †Xi| iwngv AvLZvi Kíbv Kwe, †QvUMíKvi

19
 cÖeÜ

ÔGB †Zv Rvby †c‡Z e‡mwQ, cwðg

AvR em‡šÍi k~b¨ nvZÑ
aŸsm K‡i `vI Avgv‡K hw` PvI
Avgvi mšÍwZ ¯^‡cœ _vK|Õ

k•L †Nv‡li
ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j
Zv c m iv q
†hb ivwÎ G‡m ¯úk© K‡i‡Q, †hb Zvi †mŠ›`‡h© myiwfZ n‡q weu‡a wb‡q/eªZcvj‡bi w`‡K Suuy‡K _vKv wbwkRvMiYÓ (eªZ,
Av‡Q Qov‡bv PvicvkÑ Abyfe Ggb AvwZwZ wb‡q †R‡M ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j)|
DVj, †PvL eÜ K‡i wb‡Ri †fZ‡i gÄywiZ nevi Kvj ûgvqybbvgv †_‡K Rvbv hvq, g„Zz¨kh¨v †_‡K ûgvqyb‡K
ZLb| wZwb Zuvi Rvb©v‡j ga¨ivZ wk‡ivbv‡gi fvebvwU‡K wdwi‡q Avb‡Z evei wb‡R‡K DrmM© Ki‡Qb, On me be
`ywbqvi hw` wKQz jvf †hb †mZv‡ii aŸwbZi‡½i g~Q©bv w`‡jbÑ Gi AwaK KweZv all thy sufferings| Gi d‡j ûgvqyb †eu‡P D‡VwQ‡jb
Avi Kx, Zvi Mg¨ZvBÑ ev †Kv_vq: ÔAÜKv‡ii wfZi wK-bv †mUv welq bq| wKš‘ G D”Pvi‡Yi AbyiY‡b †evbv
n‡Zv Avwg bv _vK‡j w`‡q ¯Íe‡K ¯Íe‡K D‡V-Avmv wbtkã Mv‡b wf‡R hvq Nvm, n‡qwQj GKUv A‡gvN mg‡qi cÖwZev‡`i BwZnvm| AvaywbK
Avgvi bv-_vKv mnRB wf‡R hvq A‡eva cÖvYx`j, N~wY©Z n‡Z _v‡K mgq, MÖn‡Y evsjv KweZvq gvbeZvev‡`i †m G‡K A‡gvN wPýÑ
MÖn‡Y MÖn‡Y f‡i hvq AÄwj, KicyU D‡V hvq Av‡jvwoZ eve‡ii cÖv_©bvÑ †hLv‡b †jLv nj:
n‡ZvÑ AvKv‡ki w`‡K| bv-Gi g‡a¨ w`‡q Sj‡K Sj‡K GwM‡q ÔGB †Zv Rvby †c‡Z e‡mwQ, cwðg
wKš‘ †mUv wK n‡e e‡j Aw¯Í, Ak¦‡Ìi ¸uwo Quy‡q ga¨ivZ e‡j ¯Íä nI, †kv‡bv| AvR em‡šÍi k~b¨ nvZÑ
ïwb| Aweij DZ‡ivj Abvwej c`aŸwb ïwb mvivivZ|Õ ïay aŸsm K‡i `vI Avgv‡K hw` PvI
Zzwg fv‡ev? ga¨ivZ bq, Rvb©v‡ji cÖwZwU iPbvB KweZvi nv`©¨ Avwj½b Avgvi mšÍwZ ¯^‡cœ _vK|Õ
wb‡q †hb e‡m Av‡Q, †hb †PvLv‡PvwL n‡jB †Kvb AwZw›`ªq G KweZv ïay Kvj †PZbvi e‡j D‡jø‡Li bq,
wKQz RÄvj R‡g Av‡Q CÝvi w`‡K Qwo‡q co‡e iO| Rvb©v‡ji †gv‡gi Av‡jvi cÖKi‡YiI| G KweZv GKwU ivóªxq mš¿v‡mi mZ¨ wP‡i
AvRI gv_vi wfZ‡i gZ IB D™¢vwmZ KweZvi †Nv‡ii †fZ‡i †_‡K mcÖkœ GKwU ˆZwi| wKš‘ †h‡nZz AvZ¥D‡b¥vPb I AvZ¥‡Mvcb nvZ aivawi
Kve¨MÖ‡š’i w`‡K gb P‡j hvq| MÖš’wUi bvg ayg †j‡M‡Q K‡i GwM‡q‡Q, d‡j IB mvgvb¨ Avovj nq‡Zv ivóªxq
i³ex‡Ri eska‡iiv ürKg‡j| †hLv‡b AšÍnxb cÖkœ Avi bv-Gi wef½ †`‡L fq †iv‡li nvZ †_‡K euvwP‡q w`‡q‡Q Avgv‡`i Kwe‡K| Zuvi
†e‡o P‡j AKvZ‡i| Rv‡MÑ ïay wK cÖj‡qi K_v ej‡eb Kwe, bvwK EbR‡b¥i hveZxq KweZvKg© mvsevw`KZvi wecix‡Z, RbM‡Yi K_v
†fZi †_‡K bZzb cÖvYcÖev‡ni GB †m AwfgyL! n‡jI Avovj‡K Aej¤^‡b †i‡L‡Q| Avi wZwb, Kwe e‡jI
†f‡eQ wK Zv‡Z fvwi GKwU KweZvB cvV‡Ki †PZbv‡K Awbt‡k‡li w`‡K †d‡j‡QbÑ
Av‡m hvq KviI? wb‡q †h‡Z Pvq, nq‡Zv GKwU KweZvi †fZi jywK‡q _v‡K †Zvgv‡K eKe / fxlY eKe Avov‡jÕ| ïay KvwjK BwZnvm
Avwe®‹v‡ii kZRj Sb©vi CwáZ Avevnb| d‡j Kwe‡K bq, gvby‡li g‡bi BwZnvm‡KI we‡ePbvq iv‡Lb Kwe|
eû †`‡L †V‡K wk‡LwQ ejvi †P‡q bv-ejvUv †ewk K‡i †`L‡Z nq, wZwb †`‡Lb gvbwmKZvi †h cwieZ©b N‡U †h‡Z _v‡K wbišÍiÑ Zv‡KI
evcy‡i kã-DËxY© †Kvb GK AiƒcZv Zuvi mvg‡b Dcw¯’Z| Zv‡K g~j¨ †`b| GLv‡b Kwei †h wWm‡Kvm© Zv‡Z hyw³ Aaiv _v‡K
Quy‡Z PvIqvi †Kvb gv‡b nq bv| wZwb ïay wjL‡Z cv‡ib, Ô†h bv| Avi Kweg‡bi BwZnvmI †h bgbxq b`xi gZ n‡q e‡q
†gv‡Ui Dc‡i †eu‡P MÖnbÿÎ wQj IB †Pv‡L Zvi wKQz ¯^v`/GB Agvem¨v †_‡K G‡m‡Q Zv-I A¯úó _v‡K bv| Zuvi ¯^ifw½i GB Pwjòz
_vKvUvB fv‡jv| SiæK †ZvgviI †Pv‡Lgy‡L/cÖvq wkwk‡ii g‡Zv AwMœKYv ey‡K c×wZ‡K wgZK_‡bi we¯—…Z evKfw½ ejv †h‡Z cv‡i|

20
†hLv‡b †Kv_vI fvebvi Mvp I Mnb‡K Ami‡ji AevKZ¡ w`‡Z c‡Ùi k~b¨Zv †_‡K cvÊyi bxjvf Qvqv †b‡g Av‡m
nqwb| Avi Avð‡h©i ÔZzwg †Kvb `‡jÕ e‡j Zuv‡K wPwýZ Kivi c‡_i Icv‡i
†SuvK AvRI `yj©f| GK Q‡›`vgq g‡š¿v”Pvi‡Yi a¨vb †hb Zuvi gyn~‡Z© g~wQ©Z †eva mg¯Í kixi w`‡q Nv‡mi wKbvi Quy‡q e‡j:
mg¯Í KweZv cwigʇj ¯^fveZv cvq| bxieZvi fvlv Av‡jvgq GB †Zv D‡V‡Q †`‡Lv mK‡ji A‡MvP‡i Avgv‡`i
K‡i †`q †Pbv I A‡Pbv| `ytLRjwbwaÕ|
mgv‡Ri m‡½ Zwš^ô †_‡KI GKRb Kwei hvÎv GKKZvi (wcQ‡b m~h©v¯Í, mvg‡b, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j)
w`‡K, GUvB Zuvi m¤ú~Y©Zv| Abwew”Qbœ IBme gyn~Z©‡K Kwe GB KweZv‡ZI †Zv †mB †fZi-evwni GKvKvi K‡i
a‡i ivL‡Z Pvb †Kvb AwLj myiwf w`‡q| wZwb ej‡eb, ÔGiI †bevi AvZ¨wšÍK ms‡e`b| GB mgMÖZvI†Zv Dcwbl‡`i w¯§Z
c‡i hLb †R‡M DV‡e `yÕGKwU MÜivR, g‡b †i‡Lv/wbtk¦v‡mi Av‡jvq mœvb †k‡li ï×Zv wb‡q Dcw¯’Z| ÔürKg‡jiÕ e„šÍjMœ
Rb¨ GB Amvo AvOzj w`‡q AuvK‡o a‡iwQjvg b~¨bZg cvZvq GKwU Av‡jvKYvi UjUj K‡i IVvi Qwe cvV‡Ki †kl jvBbwU
Nvmwe›`yUzKz|Õ (wbtk¦vm, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j)| †K cÖK…wZ? †Pv‡L|
†m wK †Kej MvQ, b`x, cvnvo? GB gvbylÑ gvby‡li emevm, Kj¨vY‡eva I ˆbwZKZvi †h AskwU‡K iex›`ªbv_ surplus wjLevi
fve cwigÊj, Zvi †Ku‡c IVv AvZ¥vÑ Gme cÖK…wZ bq? GKwU of man e‡j‡QbÑ †mB AvKzjZv ev AšÍ‡ii ethic-G GKRb Av‡Mi gyn~Z©
wbtk¦vm cZ‡bi m‡½ Rwo‡q Av‡Q kªg I †PZbvi Awewgkª Kwei RvMÖZ †PZbvq we‡e‡Ki Ava¨vwZ¥KZv Acwinvh© n‡q
cÖK…wZ| IB e„n‡Zi mg¯Í Am½wZi w`‡KB Kwei wb‡`©kbvgv Av‡m| GB AšÍwb©wnZ AvKzwZi †cÖwÿ‡ZB, mgv‡Ri wbišÍi ch©šÍ †h
Ny‡i hvq| Avi cvV‡Ki Rvbvjv †Lv‡j| †Kvb GKUv KweZv erosion-Gi †cÖwÿ‡ZB, RMr‡Rvov AbvPv‡ii cÖve‡j¨i hš¿Yv I
†_‡K ZLb cvV‡Ki Abyf‡e G‡m jv‡M evB‡ii wgwó cÖvY †cÖwÿ‡ZB ü`q R¡‡j I‡V| gvbeZv‡K posture w`‡q bq, me©
fiv‡bv nvIqvÑ Zvi AvKzjZv| Ni I evwni wg‡j wg‡k hvq| AvwZ¥KZvq GK wecbœ we¯§‡q wb‡R‡K m¤úwK©Z K‡ib ÔKvj gy»Zv, †h
GB †gjeÜbB †hb Kwei †a¨q wQj, †hb cvV‡Ki IB mvgvb¨ ivw·ejvi wek¦v‡mi K_v fvwe/fvwe GB-ev Kx Kg, GB †h ZK© I D‡ØM
ïkÖƒlvq Zuvi mg¯Í KweRxe‡bi mv_©KZv| Kwe wjL‡Z cv‡ib: ek©vi djK wb‡q †eu‡P _vKv|Õ (djK, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j)
ÔwPZv ZLb R¡j‡Q, Avgvi ürKg‡j Ges wØavi Awbev‡h© wZwbI mcÖkœ n‡eb, ÔmeB wVK| wKš‘ Ni? †h Uvbv
ayg †j‡M‡Q, Nyg †j‡M‡Q PivP‡i, cvcwo R¡‡j †m wK †eu‡P Av‡Q? AvRI?Õ (gg©i, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j) c‡ob Zv
GB †Zv Avgvi? ˆPZ‡b¨i GB Ava¨vwZ¥KZv‡K enb K‡iB GK GKwU KweZvq
exR ˆZwi n‡Z _v‡K| A_ev Kwe wb‡RB wb‡R‡K GB ˆPZ‡b¨i †_‡K †hb
GB‡Zv Avgvi Rb¥f‚wgi Av‡jvi K_v|Õ `n‡b cxwoZ Ki‡Z Ki‡Z KweZvi gy‡LvgywL nb| GB cxwoZ
(ürKgj, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j) AvZ¥vB nq‡Zv Zuv‡K w`‡q ewj‡q †bq, Ô†Kv‡bv †h gv‡b †bB
gyw³ Gj|
Kwei AvZ¥vi gyw³ aŸwbZ nj mvgvwRK msK‡Ui †mUvB gv‡b/AÜ †PvL †_‡K ewai Kv‡b/ †Qv‡U †h we`y¨r †mUvB GB wØav
Av‡jvo‡b| wbR¯^ wbtk¦v‡mi K¤úb, hš¿Yv, e¨_v euvwki †fZi gv‡bÕ| ˆPZ‡b¨i GB DrµvwšÍ‡K cvVK Av‡iv mn‡R †c‡q hvb
w`‡q PjvPj K‡i Mvb n‡q †Mj| †kl jvBbwU wjLevi Av‡Mi ¯§„wZK_vi gZ K‡i †jLv ÔeUcvKz‡oii †dbvÕ-q, Ôweiv‡Ui c„w_ex wb‡q,
gyn~Z© ch©šÍ †h hš¿Yv I gy»Zv, †h ZK© I D‡ØM, †h Uvbvc‡ob g‡a¨ wb‡Ri Aw¯Í‡Z¡i Zz”QZv‡K Abyfe K‡i †KD fve‡Z Zvi msNl© I
Zv †_‡K †hb gyw³ Gj| GB wØav c„w_ex wb‡q, Zvi msNl© cv‡i †h Zvi RxebUvi †Kvb gv‡bB †bB| Avevi Dj‡Uv w`‡K,
I PjvPj wb‡q Ôcv †Zvjv, cv †djvÕ kxl©K GKwU iPbvq †mB weiv‡Ui g‡a¨ wb‡R‡K hy³ K‡i wb‡q †KD fve‡Z cv‡ib PjvPj wb‡q
Kwe e‡j‡QbI: ÔKx wb‡q †jLv n‡e KweZv? Avgvi evB‡ii wZwb †c‡q †M‡Qb Zvi m¤ú~Y© gv‡b| wKš‘ GB `yÕ‡Uv Ae¯’vbB Ôcv †Zvjv,
c„w_ex wb‡q? bvwK AvgviB e¨w³MZ RMr wb‡q?Õ GB wQj ˆ`bw›`b †_‡K gb‡K mwi‡q wb‡Z cv‡i, wehy³ K‡i wb‡Z cv‡i
ZK©, †`k-we‡`‡ki eûKv‡ji cyi‡bv ZK©| wKš‘ GB `yB wK RxebcÖevn †_‡K| gv‡b bv _vKvUvB †h Rxe‡bi GKUv gv‡b cv †djvÕ
wfbœ bvwK? GB `yB‡qi g‡a¨ wbišÍi hvIqv-Avmv K‡iB wK n‡Z cv‡i, †mB‡U GKevi †g‡b wb‡Z cvi‡j nq‡Zv Aw¯Í‡Z¡i kxl©K GKwU
†eu‡P †bB gvbyl? Zvi †_‡KB wK cÖwZgyn~‡Z© ˆZwi n‡q DV‡Q g‡a¨ †Rvi cvIqv hvq A‡bK †ewkÕ| AvZ¥vq mÂvwiZ GB
bv GKwU Z…Zxq mËv? G‡KB wK mgMÖZv ej‡Qb Kwe Av‡jvK †Rvi †_‡KB ÔeuvPvÕ KweZvwU gyw³ †cj nq‡Zv: iPbvq Kwe
miKvi| ZvwË¡K †Pv‡L Z‡e G‡KB ejv n‡e synthesis! Ô`ywbqvi hw` wKQz jvf n‡Zv Avwg bv _vK‡j e‡j‡QbI:
GB c~Y©Zv‡K Av‡jvK miKvi Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q e¨vL¨v K‡ib, Avgvi bv-_vKv mnRB n‡ZvÑ
ÔKweZvi e¨envwiK Dc¯’vcb Ges Zvi mvivrmv‡ii wfZi wKš‘ †mUv wK n‡e e‡j Zzwg fv‡ev? ÔKx wb‡q
GB †gŠj Ø›Ø ev we‡iva †hfv‡e ev B‡gvk‡bi m‡½ im A_ev wKQz RÄvj R‡g Av‡Q AvRI gv_vi wfZ‡i †jLv n‡e
Awfwb‡ek‡K GKvZ¥ K‡i †`Lvi d‡jB D™¢~Z Zv AjsKvi i³ex‡Ri eska‡iiv
kv‡¯¿i cvVKgv‡ÎB Rv‡bb| e¯‘Z GKwU Mv‡Qi n‡q IVv Ges †e‡o P‡j AKvZ‡i| KweZv?
GKwU c~Y©veqe Mv‡Qi g‡a¨ A‡mZzm¤¢e e¨eavb| GKUv MvQ †f‡eQ wK Zv‡Z fvwi Av‡m hvq KviI? Avgvi
Zvi Wvj bq, cvZv bq, dzj bqÑ GKUv MvQ me©v½ wb‡q GKUv eû †`‡L †V‡K wk‡LwQ evcy‡i
MvQ †hgb GKUv Qwe mvgwMÖK GKwU Qwe wewkøófv‡e GKUv †gv‡Ui Dc‡i †eu‡P _vKvUvB fv‡jv|Õ evB‡ii
MvQ cvZvI bq, dzjI bq GKUv Qwe `k-ev‡ivwU †iLvI bq (euvPv, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j) c„w_ex wb‡q?
wKsev wZb-PviwU iO| †Kej GKUv mgMÖZv|Õ †hfv‡e GB G MÖ‡š’i me©Î Qwo‡q Av‡Q Ôayg ZvZv ZvZv ˆ_Õ| G
KweZvwU IB mgMÖZvm¤¢e GKUv AwfgyL e‡j, wK wk‡ei cÖjq b„‡Z¨i Abyl½| mgq cÖev‡n kvk¦Z ˆPZ‡b¨i bvÕwK AvgviB
ÔwcQ‡b m~h©v¯Í mvg‡b †Qv‡Uv †_‡K e‡ov wkï wRgb¨vw÷K Acivfe‡K wb‡q †nu‡U hvevi Kg©gqZv| wbh©vwZZ †cÖ‡gi e¨w³MZ
wgwQ‡j P‡j‡Q AÜKvi †_‡K Kv›U Kw_Z Metaphysic of moral-Gi
kv`v Rvgv kv`v kU©m bxie Av`©ªZv wb‡q Q‡›`vgq D‡Øvab bv n‡j Kxfv‡e cÖZ¨ÿZ gvÎve„Ë D‡V Av‡mÑ ÔAÜ RMr wb‡q?
cv‡q cv‡q Zviv Avwg †`L‡Z cvB bv AvwgB Zey evR¨wk‡i/ Ges †jv‡K e‡j
m~‡h©i wfZi †_‡K †ewi‡q P‡j‡Q †hb Av‡av`~i Pw›`ªgvi w`‡K G‡`k †h wZwg‡i †mB wZwg‡iÕ|
GB wQj ZK©,
gvSLv‡b `uvwo‡q Av‡Q A`„k¨ cv_‡i Mov AwZKvq wùsK&&m& (AÜwejvc, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j)| †`k-we‡`‡ki
Nievwo G KweZvi ewni‡½ aŸwbi kvmb _vK‡jI, mg¯Í
†hb ev †ZviY c‡_ †mBgy‡L Xz‡K †M‡j Rwg c‡o _v‡K ˆbiv‡R¨i, ivóªxq AÜZvi cÖKv‡k D`vmxbZvi cÖwZ‡iva w`‡Z eûKv‡ji
mvg‡b duvKv PvB‡jb †hb| wbg©v‡Y MÖvn¨Zvi w`‡K Suz‡K wZwb, Kwe h‡_ó cyi‡bv ZK©|

21
gyn~‡Z©i m¾v †_‡K c‡ii gyn~Z©, GKwU ¯§„wZ †_‡K Ab¨ ¯§„wZ a‡i e¨wó I mgwó‡K wb‡q Pj‡Z Pj‡Z GKUv
e„Ëvq‡bi GB cwim‡i k‡ãi m‡L¨ †Kvb GK gyw³ †P‡L wb‡Z †P‡q cÖwZwU A‡cÖ‡gi weiæ‡× AvZ¥‡gvPb KÕ‡i
cÖwZwU w`‡bi ci bZzb w`‡b wb‡R‡K mÂvwiZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Kwe|
mij| mg‡qi wi³Zvi Qwe, Zvi m¤úK©, Avi Kwei `nb e„Ëv‡šÍi GB nvnvKv‡ii iæ‡cvwj ci‡Z ci‡Z Ly‡j †h‡Z †`q me A‰eaZv Avi me
ÔAÜwejvcÕ Avgiv Av‡MI †c‡qwQ Zvi cÖni‡Rvov wÎZvj MÖ‡š’| †mLv‡bI nvocuvR‡ii kv`vay‡jv Aev‡a Nyi‡Z _v‡K bÿ‡Î bÿ‡Î ïay GKevi
GiKg GK AmnvqZvi K_vÑ Ôkixi †_‡K kx‡Zi evKj kni †M‡Q Ly‡j/ GKeviB Quy‡Z Pvq e‡j|Õ
gv_vi Dci Qwo‡q †M‡Q nuvmÑ/ wVK ZLbB †mŠi ay‡jvi AÜ, e‡jwQjvg/ †hUv Av‡MB ejv †M‡Q e¨wó I mgwó‡K †gjv‡Z †gjv‡Z Kwe wb‡R‡K
GB †Mvaywj AbšÍ mbœ¨vm|Õ GB wecbœZv‡eva wK GKRb Kwei Awbevh© Avwe®‹vi Ki‡Z _v‡Kb| Zuvi KweZvi AvovjwU †h cÖc‡Ki KvR K‡i
fweZe¨? mg‡qi AmnbxqZv‡K gvwb‡q bv wb‡Z †c‡i µ‡g wb‡R‡K Zvi d‡j g‡b n‡Z cv‡i Zuvi KweZv mij, mgvwnZ, wmœ»Zvi AbyK~j
wew”Qbœ, wbiæw`ó Kivi UªvwRK cwiwa| GB Ø›Ø`xY© KwemËvi D‡b¥vP‡b †Kvb Aj¼vi| Avm‡j cÖ”Q`wU †c‡iv‡Z cvi‡jB †`Lv hv‡e Kxfv‡e Zß
iex›`ª Abya¨vqx GB Kwe nicÖmv` wgÎ-i wPwV-i Abyl‡½ Gfv‡e ej‡Z n‡q Av‡Q Zuvi AšÍivZ¥v| ÔcuvR‡i `uv‡oi kãÕ-Gi IB cO&w³wUB †hb
†P‡qwQ‡jb, `†h Super consciousness-Gi K_v Dwb Zz‡jwQ‡jb, Zuvi fvlvgyL n‡q Av‡m... ÔgvwU Lye kvšÍ, ïay Lwbi wfZ‡i `ve`vnÕ|
Zv‡K wK A¯^xKvi Kwi Avwg? wPwV‡Z nq‡Zv iex›`ªbv‡_i GKUv gšÍ‡e¨i Avðh© msh‡g GB `ve`n cwi‡ekb K‡i‡Qb kxwjZ AZxeªZvq, GKiKg
K_v g‡b Kwi‡q w`‡qwQjvg Iu‡K| Awgq PµeZ©xi Kv‡Q †jLv wPwV‡ZÑ †h wbwj©ß cÖkvwšÍ‡Z| Gfv‡e gvb¨ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h GB Kwei ürKg‡j
gšÍe¨ Ry‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv_, †mB‡Ui K_v| iex›`ªbv_ wj‡LwQ‡jb, ayg cÖ_g †_‡KB| Kx GK AkvwšÍ‡Z wZwb AvZ¥bv‡U¨i Avw½‡K wek¦Rxeb
Ônq‡Zv GKUv †Kv‡bv mËv Av‡Q hv GBLv‡bB A_P hv A`„k¨ Av‡jv‡K cwi‡ekb K‡ib| mg¯Í nxbgvbZvi n‡q Zuv‡KB ej‡Z nq,Õ Avi KZ
A‡MvPi| Zvi e„nr †PZbvq hv cÖKvk cv‡”Q †m Avwg fve‡ZB cvw”Q †QvU ne Ck¦i/ wf‡oi †fZi `uvov‡j/ Avwg wK wbZ¨ AvgviI mgvb/
†bÑ †h †PZbvi Avwg AšÍM©Z|Õ GBLv‡b fvebvUv‡K GwM‡q wb‡Z wb‡Z m`‡i evRv‡i, Avov‡j?Õ Avgiv ïiæ K‡iwQjvg Avovj Kivi cÖeYZvwU‡K
Ggb GKUv †Q‡o †`Iqv Av‡Q, Ggb GKUv AmnvqZvi mgc©Y †h †mUvB mvg‡b †i‡L| Avov‡j _vKvi AšÍi½Zv †_‡KB ÔNvmwe›`yÕ-i KweZv| Gi
Avgv‡K IB K_v¸wji w`‡K ev‡i ev‡i Uv‡b| e¨vßfv‡e, ¯úóZi fvlvq, ÔAvjm¨Õ KweZvwU‡Z †hb wb‡R‡KB †g‡j †`qv n‡q‡Q:
Gme cÖm‡½ iex›`ªbv_ K_v e‡j‡Qb A‡bKeviB, wKš‘ †m-m‡ei Zzjbvq ÔIme wb‡q †f‡ev bv, Ii †Zv †Kv‡bv †kl †bB,
GB D”PviYUvi g‡a¨ GKUv ¯^vfvweK ¯^Ztù~Z© av°v Av‡Q, Av‡Q A`„k¨ Zvi †P‡q eis GBLv‡b G‡m Rv‡bv, †`‡Lv
A‡MvP‡ii mwZ¨Kv‡ii cÖ‡nwjKv| GB e„nr †PZbvÑ Ab¨ fvlvq Super †`‡Lv †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †Qv‡Uv wRwbm‡K eo †`Lv‡j
consciousness-†h †PZbvi Avwg AšÍM©ZÑ Zv‡K †Zv fve‡ZB n‡e †Kb g‡b nq GZ Akvjxb
GB b`xRjÑ MvQ cv_i cvnvo AvKv‡ki m‡½ wgwj‡q, hw` Rxe‡bi Avi `~‡i gvwUi Ici Iiv †`Š‡o †M‡j f‡q
cwigʇj wek¦in‡m¨i K_v GK jngvi Rb¨I fvwe|Õ nq‡Zv ˆPZb¨ Avi †ZvgviI ey‡K †Kb RM‡Z _v‡K big Suvc
civ‰PZb¨‡K †mfv‡e Avjv`v K‡i wPwýZ Kivi AwfgyLwUI Avi †Zgb †Kb Avj‡m¨ `y‡PvL GZ fvi n‡q G‡jI
MÖvn¨ bq, hLb GKwU KweZv cvV‡Ki Abyfe‡e`¨Zvq nv`©¨ ms‡hvM ˆZwi †`L‡Z B‡”Q nq me wVKg‡Zv Av‡Q|Õ
K‡i †d‡j, hLb mgq Avi mgqnxbZv wg‡jwg‡k hvq| hLb KweZvi GB KweZvcv‡Vi m‡½ Zuvi GKwU M`¨vsk‡KI mvwR‡q †`qv †h‡Z
AÿicvZv iƒcwUI Avi †d«‡g _v‡K bv| cv‡i hv Kwei `k©‡bi D”PvwiZ wbPq:
Ô†Zvgvi g„Z †Pv‡Li cvZv †f‡O D‡V Avm‡Q ev®úMnŸi Avi Zv‡K ÔwjL‡Z n‡e wbtk‡ã KweZv, Ges wbtkã KweZv| kãB Rv‡b †Kgb K‡i
†X‡K w`‡Z †m wbtkã cvq, Hkx m~Î bv wQu‡oI| Zvi Rb¨ welg Suvc †`evi `iKvi
PvB‡Q †Kv‡bv A`„k¨ nvZ hLb Pvicv‡k dvU‡j dvU‡j f‡i wM‡q‡Q Av‡Q `ytmn Avovj †_‡K| `ytmn, †Kb-bv AšÍiv‡j mn¨ KivB gvby‡li
Ujgj cvnvo c‡ÿ mevi †P‡q KwVb| Kwe‡K †Zv AvR meUvB †L‡q †dj‡Q gvbyl,
`„wónviv †KvU‡ii cÖMvp †Kv‡j SS©i Mwo‡q bvg‡Q Aweivg KZ ZvB gvby‡li GB †kl `vqUv †g‡b wb‡qI Nyi‡Q †m, AšÍivj †f‡O w`‡q
bywo cv_i GK kixi `uvov‡Z PvB‡Q Ab¨ kix‡ii mvgx‡c¨| Zv hw` bv nq Zvn‡jB
Avi Avgiv njy` n‡Z _vKv k¦ZK‡ivwUi mvg‡b `uvwo‡q AvwQ w¯’iÑ mn¨ hvq †cwi‡q, wKš‘ Zey †mB `ytmn Avov‡j e‡m †m ˆZwi ivL‡e
†hb Kzqvkvi wfZi †_‡K D‡V Avm‡Q Puv` GKUv ˆ`bw›`‡bi gy‡Lvk; Zv‡K †KD wPb‡e bv, AvOzj Zz‡j ej‡e bv, ÔG
A_P kbv³ Kiv hvq bv AvRI GZ Awfm¤úv‡Zi wfZ‡i wfZ‡i welv³ †jvKUv KweÕ, Avi Zvi †fZ‡i †_‡K †Mvc‡b Rb¥ †b‡e †fZ‡i wbtkã
jZvex‡Ri Nb ci¯úiv †K †Zvgvi gy‡L Zz‡j w`‡qwQj †mw`b, wSgaiv KweZv|Õ GB gvbwmK MV‡b KL‡bv mvgvwRK msKU‡K mvg‡b †i‡L‡Qb,
kxZ ivwÎi Aem‡i|Õ (Ujgj cvnvo, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j) KL‡bv-ev A‡cÖ‡gi †e`bv †fZ‡i wbtk‡ã †mB †ikgKxU Zš‘ eqb K‡i
Kwe A‡jvKiÄb `vk¸ß Ômy›`iÕ KweZvwU‡K cÖm‡½ †i‡L e‡jwQ‡jb, P‡j‡Q, Zvici hLb †ik‡gi gyw³ ZLb †`Lv †Mj Zi½vwqZ GK Av‡jv,
Ô†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv KweZvi †ÿ‡Î m~Pbv-AšÍiv-mgvwßÑ GB wÎbxwZ GKwU `„ßÑ hv mg¯Í AÜKvi ey‡K K‡iB ej‡e:
Awbevh© mZ¨|Õ Avgv‡`i GB MÖš’wUI GB wÎbxwZ jvwjZ n‡Z `„k¨gvb| ÔPÊvj‡KB gyw³ †f‡e LuywP‡q †`e Av¸b
cÖ_g ce©wUi bvg ÔNvmwe›`yÕ| bvgKiYwUB DÌvwcZ K‡i APgK‡K| A_©vr dzjwK †`‡L †`‡L eje Av‡jvi K_v
†Kvb ¯§vU©‡bm ev †cvkv‡Ki AwfÁv‡b †X‡K w`‡Z Pvb bv Zuvi KweZv| fvee IB †Zv RqaŸRv k¥kvb, e‡ov ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡jÕ
KweZv¸wji bvgI AwZ Zz”Q, †Pv‡L bv-covi gZ| †hgb Ôay‡jvÕ ÔgyLÕ (ürKgj, ayg †j‡M‡Q ürKg‡j)
ÔQweÕ ÔAvjm¨Õ ÔmvPxÕ... BZ¨vw`| wØZxq ce© A‡jvKiÄb `vk¸ß PvwiZ, gyn~‡Z©i m¾v †_‡K c‡ii gyn~Z©, GKwU ¯§„wZ †_‡K Ab¨ ¯§„wZ a‡i
AšÍiv AskwUi bvg Ôe„ËÕ| Kwe wK †Kb iwPZ e„‡Ëi mgvc‡bi K_v e¨wó I mgwó‡K wb‡q Pj‡Z Pj‡Z GKUv e„Ëvq‡bi GB cwim‡i k‡ãi
†f‡e‡Qb| Gi Av‡Mi `kwU KweZvi eB‡Z wZwb †h wbwnZ cvZvjQvqvi m‡L¨ †Kvb GK gyw³ †P‡L wb‡Z †P‡q cÖwZwU A‡cÖ‡gi weiæ‡× AvZ¥‡gvPb
K_v e‡j‡Qb ZvB wK GLv‡b †Kvb mgMÖZvq DcbxZ nj? GB c‡e©i cÖ_g KÕ‡i cÖwZwU w`‡bi ci bZzb w`‡b wb‡R‡K mÂvwiZ Ki‡Z _v‡Kb Kwe|
KweZv Ô†kKj euvavi MvbÕ I †kl KweZv ÔAÜwejvcÕ AšÍZ †h †d«gwU Avi Ô†fRv we‡K‡ji cv‡k Wvbv gy‡o e‡m _vKv Av‡jv‡K w`‡q †h wbweo
iPbv K‡i Zv GK RvMÖZ Îæ× †PZbvi cwic~iK wn‡m‡e Dcw¯’Z| †kl Aven ˆZwi nq, Avgiv mvgvb¨ cvVK Zvi evB‡ii g~Q©bvq gy» n‡Z n‡Z
ce©wUi bvg ÔˆmKZÕ! nq‡Zv GBLv‡b wZwb Avm‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| Kx e‡j‡Qb †fZ‡ii w`‡K DuwK gvivi mvn‡m IB †cŠiæl †`‡L wew¯§Z I n¬vw`Z n‡q
GB KweZv‡Z? GB wK cÖK…Z mbœ¨vm? wb‡R‡`i ürKg‡ji w`‡K ZvKvevi †cÖiYv cvB, †hb Hkx †cÖiYv| GK
ÔAvR Avi †Kv‡bv mgq †bB GB mg¯Í K_vB wj‡L ivL‡Z n‡e GB bexb Ava¨vwZ¥KZvq mœvb †m‡i DwV|
mg¯Í K_vB
†h wbtkã ˆmK‡Z ivZ wZb‡Ui evwji So Puv‡`i w`‡K Do‡Z Do‡Z Zvcm ivq cwðge‡½i Kwe, cÖvewÜK

22
ˆeivM¨
gy Ýx †cÖ g Puv `
gyÝx kvjMÖvg wQ‡jb †ebvi‡mi e‡bw` abx| †ckvq DwKj, Zvi Ici ˆcZ…K m¤úwË| Zvi `kvk¦‡ga Nv‡Ui DuPz
AvKvk‡Quvqv ivRKxq evwowU wQj †`Lvi gZ| wKš‘ eQ‡i 25-30 nvRvi UvKv Avq K‡iI gyÝx kvjMÖv‡gi KzjvZ
bv| wZwb mvay-mbœ¨vmx‡`i eo kª×v Ki‡Zb| hvB-B Avq Ki‡Zb Zvi cÖvq cy‡ivUvB e¨q Ki‡Zb Zv‡`i †mevq|
kn‡i bZzb †Kvb mbœ¨vmx G‡j Zv‡K AwZw_ wn‡m‡e evwo‡Z Zzj‡Zb wZwb| ms¯‹…Z kv‡¯¿ wZwb GZUvB cvi`k©x
wQ‡jb †h, eo eo cwÊZI Zv‡K fw³ Ki‡Zb| gyÝx kvjMÖvg †e`všÍ-bxwZi Abymvix wQ‡jb| Zvi gb wQj
ˆeiv‡M¨i w`‡K|
wZwb ev”Pv‡`i fvjevm‡Zb| gnjøvi Ggb †Kvb ev”Pv wQj bv †h gyÝx kvjMÖv‡gi fvjevmv †_‡K ewÂZ
n‡q‡Q| wZwb evwo †_‡K †ei n‡j GK`j ev”Pv Zvi m‡½ m‡½ _vKZB| GKw`b GK ev”Pv Zvi cvlvY| gv‡qi
gvi †L‡q dzuwc‡q dzuwc‡q Kuv`wQj| gyÝx mv‡n‡ei Avi mn¨ nj bvÑ wZwb †`Š‡o wM‡q ev”PvwU‡K †Kv‡j Zz‡j
wb‡jb Ges ev”Pvi gv‡K ej‡jb, wbb Avgv‡K gviæb| ev”Pvi gv †mw`b kc_ wbj Avi †Kvbw`b ev”Pv‡K gvi‡e
bv, †m fvej, †h gvbyl A‡b¨i ev”Pvi cÖwZ GZ †mœnkxj †m Rvwb wb‡Ri ev”Pv‡K KZ fvjev‡m|
gyÝx mv‡n‡ei †hw`b GKwU cyÎ mšÍvb Rb¥ wbj, †mw`b †_‡K wZwb Ab¨vb¨ KvR †_‡K wb‡R‡K mwi‡q
wb‡jb| KL‡bv wZwb †Q‡j‡K cv‡qi †`vjbvq `ywj‡q Avb›` cvb, KL‡bv Zv‡K †Ljbv Mvwo‡Z ewm‡q wb‡RB
†U‡b wb‡q hvb| GK `‡Êi Rb¨I wZwb †Q‡j‡K †Pv‡Li Avovj n‡Z w`‡Zb bv| †Q‡ji Rb¨ wZwb Ab¨ mevB‡K
fz‡j †M‡jb|
myevgv †Q‡ji bvg †i‡LwQ‡jb cÖZvcP›`ª| †hgb bvg, †Zgwb wQj Zvi ¸Y| cÖZv‡ci cÖwZfv I iƒc `yÕ‡UvB
wQj| hLb †m K_v ejZ ZLb †kªvZv gy» bv n‡q cviZ bv| Zvi ïå Kcvj R¡jR¡j KiZ| kixi GgbB
myMwVZ wQj †h, †m Zvi †P‡q eo †Q‡j‡`iI cvËv w`Z bv| Aí eq‡mB Zvi gy‡L Ggb `y¨wZ wQj †h nVvr hw`
†m †Kvb AcwiwPZ †jv‡Ki mvg‡b nvwRi nZ Zvn‡j †m †jvK Zv‡K weùvwiZ †Pv‡L †`L‡Z _vKZ|
23
 Zx_©¯’vb cÖqv‡M ZLb Kz¤¢‡gjv| d‡j Zzjv †hfv‡e e¯Ívq Vvmv nq, †Zgwbfv‡e †Uªb f‡i f‡i gvbyl cÖqv‡M
AvmwQj| Avwk eQ‡ii ey‡ov, hvi Rb¨ `uvov‡bvI KwVb, †mI j¨vsov‡Z j¨vsov‡Z, jvwV‡Z fi w`‡q iIbv nq|
eo eo mvay-gnvZ¥v `k©‡bi Avkvq gvbyl wngvj‡qi AÜKvi I `yM©g ¸nv¸‡jv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q hvq|

Gfv‡e nvm‡Z nvm‡Z QÕeQi P‡j †Mj| Avb‡›`i w`b¸‡jv `ytL cÖKvk K‡i| Pviw`‡K `yt‡Li Qvqv| †h Mwj¸‡jv a‡i
evZv‡mi MwZ‡Z wKfv‡e P‡j hvq †evSv hvq bv| Gici Gj gyÝx kvjMÖvg ev”Pv‡`i wb‡q nuvU‡Zb †m¸‡jv GLb k~b¨ c‡o
`yf©v‡M¨i w`b Ges wec‡`i ivZ, hv †kl n‡Z PvBwQj bv| _v‡K| ev”Pviv eiveiB Zvi m‡½ hvIqvi Rb¨ evqbv aiZ,
cÖZv‡ci eqm KZB-ev n‡qwQj| gvÎ QÕeQi Av‡Mi Ii Kuv`Z| Zviv wK Rv‡b Zv‡`i Avb›`mfv †f‡O †M‡Q? Zviv
cÖ_g Kvbœvi AbyiYb ZL‡bv mevi Kv‡b evRwQj| Zv‡`i gv‡q‡`i AuvP‡j gyL †X‡K Gfv‡e Kuv`‡Z jvMj †hb
wKš‘ hLb gyÝx kvjMÖvg †Kej bv‡ggvÎ msmv‡ii KvRKg© Zv‡`i fvjevmvi gvbylwU Avi G `ywbqv‡Z †bB|
†`L‡jb, Ki‡Zb| wZwb Kg© I m¤úK©nxb Rxebhvcb Ki‡Zb| hw`I gyÝx mv‡n‡ei wb‡LuvR nIqvi NUbvq mevi †Pv‡LB AkÖæ
gyÝx mv‡ne Ab¨vb¨ mvgvb¨ msmvix gvby‡li gZ `yt‡L KjywlZ I my‡L wQj| Z‡e gyÝx mv‡n‡ei cvIbv`vi‡`i AkÖæ _vgvi bvgB
Av‡›`vwjZ c„w_exUv Zvi mvg‡bI wQj, ZeyI Zvi gb me©ÿY wbw”Qj bv | Zviv 10 w`‡bi gZ A‡cÿv †k‡l evwo‡Z
eoB e¨vKzj †mB gnvb I Avb›`c~Y© RM‡Z emevm KiZ, †hLv‡b `yt‡Li wfo Rgv‡Z jvMj| wNIqvjv, hvi KvQ †_‡K eªvþY‡fv‡Ri
ZLb wbiæcvq †Kvb AvNvZ wKsev my‡Li †Kvb Avo¤^i wQj bv| mgq evwK‡Z 1kÕ UvKvi wN †Kbv n‡qwQj, gq`vIqvjvi
gvN gv‡mi K_v| Zx_©¯’vb cÖqv‡M ZLb Kz¤¢‡gjv| d‡j KvQ †_‡K 2kÕ UvKvi gq`v †Kbv n‡qwQj| Kvco we‡µZv
n‡q wZwb Zzjv †hfv‡e e¯Ívq Vvmv nq, †Zgwbfv‡e †Uªb f‡i f‡i gvbyl cv‡e 1 nvRvi UvKv| gw›`i Ki‡Z GK gnvR‡bi KvQ †_‡K
Avi Zv‡K cÖqv‡M AvmwQj| Avwk eQ‡ii ey‡ov, hvi Rb¨ `uvov‡bvI †bqv n‡qwQj 1 nvRvi UvKv| BZ¨vw`| myevgvi Kv‡Q FY
AvUKv‡jb KwVb, †mI j¨vsov‡Z j¨vsov‡Z, jvwV‡Z fi w`‡q iIbv cwi‡kva Kivi Rb¨ nv‡Z wQj GKwU evwo I AvmevecÎ|
nq| eo eo mvay-gnvZ¥v `k©‡bi Avkvq gvbyl wngvj‡qi FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z Zvi G¸‡jv wewµ Kiv Qvov Dcvq wQj
bv| IBw`b AÜKvi I `yM©g ¸nv¸‡jv‡Z †cuŠ‡Q hvq| †gjv Dcj‡ÿ¨, bv|
iv‡ZB gyÝx gvbyl cweÎ M½v R‡j wb‡R‡K ï×I K‡i †bq| gyÝx AfvMx myevgv gv_v bxPz K‡i PvB‡qi Ici Pzc K‡i
kvjMÖv‡giI gb cÖqv‡Mi w`‡K Qz‡U †h‡Z Pvq| Av‡ÿc K‡i e‡m wQ‡jb, evB‡i cÖZvcP›`ª Zvi Kv‡Vi †Nvovi Ici
mv‡ne cÖqvM ¯¿x myevgv‡K ej‡jb, e‡m †LjwQj, Ggb mgq cwÊZ †gvUvivg kv¯¿x nvwmgy‡L
P‡j †M‡jb| ÑKvj mœvb| nvwRi n‡jb| †gvUvivg myevgv‡`i cvwievwiK cy‡ivwnZ|
hvIqvi mgq myevgv: Avgv‡`i cy‡iv gnjøv Lvwj n‡q †M‡Q| †Kvb Zvi nvwmgyL †`‡L myevgv D‡V `uvov‡jb, fve‡jb eywS †Kvb
gvbylB †Pv‡L c‡o bv| mymsev` Av‡Q| kv¯¿x‡K em‡Z w`‡q wZwb Aaxi AvMÖ‡n
†Q‡j cÖZv‡ci gyÝx: Zzwg †Zv nuvU‡Z ivwR nI bv, †M‡j KZ bv Avb›` Zvi gy‡Li w`‡K ZvwK‡q iB‡jb| kv¯¿x wRÁvmv Ki‡jb,
Kcv‡j Pzgy †c‡Z| Ggb †gjv Zzwg Rxe‡bI †`‡Lvwb| cvIbv`vi‡`i wnmvecÎ †`‡LQ? myevgv wbivk n‡q DËi
myevgv: G‡Zv eo †gjvq †h‡Z Avgvi fq nq|
w`‡q Av`i gyÝx: Avgvi GLv‡b _vK‡Z fvj jvM‡Q bv| hLb †_‡K
w`‡jb, nu¨v, †`‡LwQ †Zv|
kv¯¿x: fvj nj bv| gyÝx mv‡ne fwel¨‡Zi K_v wPšÍv
Ges ¯¿x‡K ï‡bwQ ILv‡b ¯^vgx cigvb›`Rx G‡m‡Qb ZLb †_‡K gb Ki‡jb bv| ZvB e‡j †KD †`bv-cvIbvi wnmveI iv‡L
Avwj½b Zvi `k©‡bi Rb¨ e¨vKzj n‡q Av‡Q| bv|
cÖ_‡g myevgv ¯^vgxi hvIqvi e¨vcv‡i m¤§Z nbwb| wKš‘ myevgv Zvi K_vq mvq w`‡jb|
Ki‡jb| hLb †`L‡jb, gyÝx mv‡ne eoB e¨vKzj ZLb wbiæcvq n‡q kv¯¿x: w`b me mgq GK hvq bv|
ZLb ¯^vgxi wZwb Avi Zv‡K AvUKv‡jb bv| IBw`b iv‡ZB gyÝx mv‡ne myevgv : fMevb hv K‡ib ZvB n‡e, Avgiv Avi wK Ki‡Z
†Pv‡Li cÖqvM P‡j †M‡jb| hvIqvi mgq †Q‡j cÖZv‡ci Kcv‡j Pzgy cvwi?
w`‡q Av`i Ges ¯¿x‡K Avwj½b Ki‡jb| ZLb ¯^vgxi †Pv‡Li kv¯¿x: nu¨v, fMev‡bi B”QvB †Zv me, ZeyI Zzwg wK wKQz
iæ×AkÖæ iæ×AkÖæ myevgvi †PvL Gwo‡q hvq bv| ˆPÎgv‡m AvKv‡k †f‡e‡Qv wK Ki‡e?
myevgvi †PvL Kv‡jv †gN †`‡L K…l‡Ki eyK †hgb K‡i †Ku‡c I‡V, †Zgwb myevgv: nu¨v, evwo wewµ K‡i FY †kva Ki‡ev|
myevgvi eyK Kuv‡c| gyÝx kvjMÖv‡gi †mB AkÖæwe›`y‡Z †hb kv¯¿x: ivg-ivg G †Kgb K_v! Rwg wewµ Ki‡j _vK‡e
Gwo‡q hvq ˆeivM¨ I Z¨v‡Mi mgy`ª wbwnZ wQj| †`L‡Z †QvÆ AkÖæKYv †Kv_vq?
bv| ˆPÎgv‡m n‡jI Zv wQj Mfxi I we¯ÍxY©| myevgv: fvMevb hv Ki‡eb ZvB n‡e|
AvKv‡k `xN©k¦v‡mi ga¨ w`‡q myevgv ¯^vgx‡K we`vq Rvbv‡jb| kv¯¿x: GKRb DcKvix gvby‡li ¯¿x-ev”Pv `ytL †fvM Ki‡e,
gb Zv‡K Pzwcmv‡i ejj, Ô¯^vgxi m‡½ Avi †Zvgvi †`Lv GUv Avd‡mv‡mi welq|
Kv‡jv †gN n‡e bv|Õ myevgv: wKš‘ fvMev‡bi GUvB †h B‡”Q, †KD wK Ki‡Z
†`‡L K…l‡Ki GK GK K‡i w`b KvU‡Z jvMj| cy‡iv gvm †kl n‡q cv‡i?
†Mj| ZeyI gyÝx kvjMÖv‡gi Lei †bB| ZLb myevgvi gb kv¯¿x: Avwg †Zvgv‡K GKUv c_ ej‡Z cvwi, hv‡Z mvcI
eyK †hgb QUdU Ki‡Z jvMj| gyÝx mv‡ne‡K Zvi Kiv nj, †Kvb g‡i, jvwVI bv fv‡O|
K‡i †Ku‡c DËi †bB| c‡ii gvmI P‡j †Mj, gyÝx mv‡ne G‡jb bv| myevgv: ejyb, eo DcKvi n‡e|
I‡V, †Zgwb Gici Zvi Avi wd‡i Avmvi †Kvb Avkv iBj bv| gyÝx kv¯¿x: LvRbv gIKzd Kivi Av‡e`b Rvwb‡q cÖ_‡g GKwU
mv‡n‡ei wb‡LuvR nIqvUv ïay myevgvi Rb¨B †kv‡Ki wQj `iLv¯Í Ki‡Z n‡e †Rjv cÖkvmK eivei| Zvici evwK †h
myevgvi eyK bv, cwiwPZ mevi Rb¨B †kv‡Ki NUbv| nv‡U, Nv‡U, gv‡V, FY _vK‡e Zv Zzwg Avgvi Ici †Q‡o w`I| †Zvgv‡K I
Kuv‡c| A_©vr me RvqMvq ïay G wb‡qB Av‡jvPbv| †h †kv‡b †mB wb‡q Avi wPšÍv Ki‡Z n‡e bv|

24
myevgv: Avcwb G‡Zv UvKv cv‡eb †Kv_vq? Ñ wK ej‡j, Kvj †_‡K wgwó LvIqv eÜ? †Kb gv, gqivi †`vKv‡b
kv¯¿x: †Zvgvi Rb¨ UvKvi Afve? gyÝx mv‡n‡ei bv‡g 50 nvRvi wgwó †bB?
UvKvi e‡›`ve¯Í KivI eo e¨vcvi bq| mZ¨ K_v ej‡Z wK, UvKv myevgv: Av‡Q, wKš‘ wgwó †Kbvi cqmv Avgv‡`i †bB|
ˆZwi| ïay †Zvgvi Ônu¨vÕ ejvi A‡cÿv| cÖZvc: Avwg eo n‡q gqivi me cqmv †kva K‡i †`‡ev| K_vUv
myevgv: kn‡ii gnr e¨w³iv wK Avgvi Rb¨ UvKv msMÖ‡n †b‡g‡Qb? e‡j cÖZvc gv‡K Zvi Kv‡Vi †Nvovi evnv`ywi †`Lv‡Z †j‡M hvq|
kv¯¿x: nu¨v, †Zvgvi ¯^vgx †Zv gvbyl‡i Kg DcKvi K‡ibwb| †Q‡ji K_v ï‡b myevgvi `yÕ‡PvL Aev‡iv AkÖæ‡Z f‡i hvq, wZwb
myevgv: LvRbv gIKzd Kivi Rb¨ Avwg Av‡e`b Ki‡Z cvie bv, fv‡eb, Ônvq fMevb, GB my›`i gyLUv ax‡i ax‡i `vwi‡`ªi Kvwjgvq
Avwg Avgvi ¯^vgxi bv‡g FY †be, `vb bq| Avwg mevi GK GK gwjb n‡q hv‡e?...bv bv G n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avwg me Kó †fvM Kie,
cqmv †kva K‡i †`e| G K_v e‡jB myevgv kv¯¿xi w`K †_‡K gyL Avgvi cÖvYwcÖq †Q‡ji Ici †Kvb Qvqv co‡Z †`e bv|Õ gv `ywðšÍvMÖ¯Í,
wdwi‡q wb‡jb| iv‡M Zvi kixi Kuvc‡Z jvMj| kv¯¿x †`Lj, K_v Iw`‡K wb®úvc †Q‡j †Nvovq Povi Rb¨ me©kw³ jvwM‡q w`‡”Q|
Ab¨w`‡K †gvo wb‡”Q, ZvB mwZ¨B ev”Pviv g‡bi ivRv|
mveav‡b ejj, Ô†Zvgvi hv kv¯¿xi cÖ¯Íve ev¯ÍevwqZ
B”Qv| †Kvb Rei`w¯Í †bB| nqwb| A‡bK †Póv K‡iI †m
wKš‘ †Zvgv‡K `ytL Ki‡Z myevgv‡K ivwR Kiv‡Z cv‡iwb|
†`Lv Avi cÖjq Avmv GKB myevgv ÔbvÕ e‡j‡Qb †Zv
K_v| K_vUv g‡b †iL|Õ ÔbvÕ-B| myevgvi AvZ¥m¤§v‡bi
myevgv : Avcwb Pvb, Avgvi Kvwnbx †hB ï‡b‡Q †mB Ôab¨-
¯^vgx hv‡`i `vb K‡i‡Qb, ab¨Õ K‡i‡Q| gvby‡li g‡b
Avwg Zv‡`i K…ZÁZvi Zvi Ae¯’vb Av‡iv `„p n‡q‡Q|
dvq`v wbB? Avwg GB GKRb gnvb I D`vi ü`‡qi
evwo‡ZB R¡‡j cy‡o gie, bv gvby‡li ¯¿xi hv Kivi K_v ZvB
†L‡q gie Zey Kv‡iv wfÿv K‡i‡Qb myevgv|
ev `vb †b‡ev bv| 15 w`‡bi g‡a¨ myevgv
kv¯¿x: wQ-wQ, †Zvgv‡K 50 nvRvi UvKv FY wb‡q mevi
KiæYvi cvÎ †K n‡Z ejj! †`bv †kva K‡i w`‡jb| Lye
wK me K_v ejQ? FY wb‡Z cÖ‡qvRb †bB Ggb Avmeve
j¾vi wKQz †bB| †Kvb abx I wRwbmcÎ †e‡P w`‡jb|
Av‡Q hvi jvL-`yÕjvL UvKv evwoUv‡K †`qvj w`‡q fvM
FY †bB? K‡i GKwU Ask fvov w`‡q
myevgv: Avcwb †h UvKvi K_v w`‡jb|
ej‡Qb, Zv FY bq `vb, Abyev` my`xß mvjvg
KiæYv|
kv¯¿x: Zzwg wK cvMj n‡qQ
myevgv? Zzwg me `ytL bv nq
mn¨ Ki‡e, wKš‘ †Q‡jwUi †jLK cwiwPwZ
gyÝx †cÖgPuv` (1880-1936)
K_v wK GKeviI fve‡e bv? AvaywbK wnw›` K_vmvwn‡Z¨i cÖavb
cÖkœwU myevgv‡K AvNvZ cyiæl| fvi‡Zi DËi cÖ‡`‡ki
K‡i| Zvi †PvL R‡j f‡i GKwU MÖv‡g, ga¨weË cwiev‡i Zvi
hvq| mRjbq‡b †m †Q‡ji Rb¥| evev wQ‡jb †cv÷ Awd‡mi
w`‡K ZvKv‡jb| GB †Q‡ji †Kivbx| 1888 mv‡j gv Ges 1897
Rb¨ KZ Zcm¨v K‡i‡Qb mv‡j evev gviv hvb| †cÖgPuv‡`i
wZwb| †mB †Q‡ji fv‡M¨ wK Avmj bvg abcZ ivq| wkÿKZv
Zvn‡j `ytLB †jLv Av‡Q? w`‡q Kg©Rxe‡bi ïiæ| 1907
mv‡j cÖ_g †QvUMí `ywbqvKv mve‡m
†h †Q‡ji Mv‡q KL‡bv g›` Avb‡gvj iZb Ges cÖ_g Dcb¨vm †cÖgv cÖKvwkZ nq| MÖvgxY I wbgœga¨weË
evZv‡mi †Quvqv jvM‡Z †`bwb, m~‡h©i cÖLi †iŠ`ª co‡Z †`qwb, †h Rxeb Zvi M‡`¨ cÖvavb¨ †c‡q‡Q| wZwb †jLbxi gva¨‡g mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK
†Q‡j †mœ‡n-Av`‡i †Niv wQj, †m wK GLb Afv‡ei Av¸‡b cyo‡e? ˆel‡g¨ weiæ‡× †mv”Pvi wQ‡jb| 12wU Dcb¨vm wj‡L‡Qb| Zvi †mevm`b wnw›`
myevgv fve‡Z jvM‡jb| Gw`‡K kv¯¿x wb‡Ri mdjZvq g‡b g‡b I D`y©mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g mv_©K Dcb¨vm wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…Z| Ab¨vb¨ Dcb¨v‡mi g‡a¨
Lywk| wKQzÿY ci kv¯¿x‡K AevK K‡i w`‡q myevgv ej‡jb, Avmivi-G-gyqvwe` (1905), wKkbv (1906), Rjiv-B-Bki (1912), wbg©jv
Ñhvi evev jv‡Lv gvbyl‡K LvB‡q‡Qb, `vb K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`iB (1927), Meb (1931), Kg©f‚wg (1932), †Mv`vb (1936) D‡jøL‡hvM¨| cÖvq
KiæYvi cvÎ Avgvi †Q‡j n‡Z cvi‡e bv| wcZ…ag© Abyhvqx, †mI 3k M‡íi iPwqZv| MíMÖ‡š’i g‡a¨, †mvR-G-IqvZb (1908), mßm‡ivR
`k‡K LvB‡q wb‡R Lv‡e| Zvici †Q‡j‡K †W‡K †Kv‡j emv‡jb, (1917), bewbwa (1917), †cÖg c~wY©gv (1920), †cÖg cuwPkx (1923), AwMœ
mgvwa (1929), mßmygb (1930), †cÖiYv (1932),†cÖg Kx †e`x (1933),
gy‡Li Nvg AuvPj w`‡q gy‡Q Pzgy w`‡q ej‡jb, beRxeb (1935) BZ¨vw`| Zvi kZiÄ †K wLjvwo Mí Aej¤^‡b mZ¨wRr ivq
Ñ evev, Kvj †_‡K †Zvgvi wgwó, `ya, wN me eÜ| G¸‡jvi Rb¨ 1977 mv‡j GKwU weL¨vZ wnw›` Pjw”PÎ wbg©vY K‡ib| `vwi`ª I †jv‡fi m‡½
Kuv`‡e bv †Zv? AvRxeb msMÖvgiZ †cÖgPuv` 1936 mv‡ji 8 A‡±vei †ebvi‡m †kl wbtk¦vm
cÖZvc ejj, Z¨vM K‡ib|

25
K we Zv
Avgiv ne bv Abv_
mg‡i›`ª †mb¸ß

Avgiv KLbB ne bv Abv_

Avgv‡`i Av‡Qb iex›`ªbv_|
Zuvi ü`q`Lj Mv‡bi evYxi ˆ`eÑ Rvwb
GL‡bv AÿqeU n‡q Qvqv †`q, GKB mgvšÍivj †iLvq nuvUwQjvg e‡jB nq‡Zv
†h-†Kvb Mfxi `yt‡L n‡q I‡V cÖv‡Yi cvivwb| Avgv‡`i g‡a¨Kvi `~iZ¡ KL‡bv-ev †e‡oB P‡jwQj
Ggb AgZ© Mvb Avi †Kvb g‡Z©i gvbyl euvK wdi‡Z wM‡q Avevi KL‡bv †hb P‡j AvmwQjvg KvQvKvwQ
Avi KL‡bvB wK wj‡LwQj? †Kvb ¯^Kvjcyiæl †hb H KvwW©Mvb Av‡jvqvb I Pv`‡ii g‡a¨
cÙvi mvwnZ¨-R‡j fvmšÍ eRivq mvB‡K‡ji G‡jv‡g‡jv wµs wµs mZK©Zvi gg©i aŸwb I åƒ
wj‡LwQj M‡íi A‡gvN ¸”Q? kvm‡b
AvR GB mva©-kZe‡l©i ¯§iYQvqvq PjwQ‡jv GKZidv GK Amg cÖwZ‡hvwMZv|
AvgivI bZzb `xß wPi-A¤øvb iex›`ªbv‡_| iex›`ªbv_B
G c_ I c_ Ny‡i cÖ_‡g Iiv †Mj Bw÷gvi NvUvi w`‡K
cÖK…Z fviZ-AvZ¥v, GB nq‡Zv Iiv Bw÷gvi a‡i P‡j hv‡e ¯^iƒcKvwV wKsev ewikvj
mZ¨ wjL‡jB Avi †Kvb Aÿ‡ii cÖ‡qvRb †bB| wKsev Zvicvkv, Pid¨vkb, my›`ieb A_ev wPjgvwi e›`iÑ
mg‡i›`ª †mb¸ß cwðge‡½i Kwe, cÖavb m¤úv`K wefve iƒcmvi R‡j DVj iƒcvwj AveZ©, evZv‡mi eyK wP‡i
†e‡R DVj Rvnv‡Ri †fuv
KvwW©Mvb I Av‡jvqvb DVj bv Rvnv‡R
Ñ RvnvR †Q‡o P‡j †Mj|
†Mv‡q›`vi f‚wgKvq kv`v Pv`i
†ejvj †PŠayix Gevi Iiv †ij Bw÷k‡bi c_ aij
I‡`i wcQz wcQz kv`v Pv`iI h_vixwZ cø¨vUd‡g© nvwRi nj
`yÕRb gvbyl †hb †Nvi jvMv jvwU‡gi gZ †Kgb PUyj Bw÷k‡bi jvj‡P Bu‡U cošÍ †iv` Avi nvnvKvi
†Kvbw`‡K bv ZvwK‡q Ny‡i Ny‡i eû`~‡i P‡j †h‡Z Pvq KZ †jvKRb DVj bvgj, †KD-ev bvK Svoj Kvkj †KD †KD
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ZvB LyuR‡Q M~p wbf„wZ †Kvb wKsev `yB wecyj wbg©y‡Vi KvwW©Mvb I Av‡jvqvb eywS †Uªb †P‡c P‡j hv‡e
mRxe wbR©bZv| Ñûk K‡i †Uªb †Q‡o P‡j †Mj|

I‡`i GKR‡bi ci‡b wQj Mvp jvj D‡ji KvwW©Mvb jyc jvB‡b GKUv ¸Wm †Uªb kvw›Us Ki‡Z Ki‡Z
Av‡iKR‡bi Mv‡q wQj wN-iOv ckwg kvj wKsev Av‡jvqvb KÕwK‡q welg †L‡jv †hb
eo myLx mg‡qi †fjvq †f‡m †hb `yÕwU nwiY †g‡Z‡Q Iiv Iw`‡K D‡V hv‡”Q Ifviweª‡Ri Ici
nvwi‡q hvIqvi K¯‘wi †bkvq... †hb ¯^‡M©i wmwo Ly‡j †M‡Q I‡`i m¤§y‡L
kx‡Zi iæ² ebvbx I MvQMvQvwji cvkvcvwk Av‡i, nVvr `uvwo‡q coj †Kb ILv‡b,
dm‡ji meyR Zi½ †f‡O kx‡Zi D¾¡j †cvkvK civ nq‡Zv eyS‡Z cvi‡Q bv †Kvb& ¯^‡M© hve?
GK‡Rvov Agwjb nuvm| Gw`‡K Avgiv Lye KvQvKvwQ G‡m †MwQ ZLb
`yÕwU D¾¡j jvj I njy` cvwL
wKQzB bv †f‡e Rv÷ Ggwb-Ggwb Avwg I‡`i wcQz wb‡qwQjvg| D‡o †Mj emšÍ MvwjPvi Ici w`‡q
Avcv`g¯ÍK kv`v Pv`i gy‡o †PvL‡Rvovq m`v mZK©Zvi mÜvbx Avi kv`v Pv`iI †`Lv‡`wL
mvP©jvBU †R¡‡j Avwg I‡`i AbymiY KiwQjvg| Dovj w`j I‡`i wcQz wcQz|

26
†mvwbqvi Rb¨ cO&w³gvjv Kzgvix MÜ
miKvi gvmy` wZZvk †PŠayix

†h iv¯Ív w`‡q †nu‡U hvBwb Avwg †Zvgvi kixi †_‡K wbM©Z Kzgvix MÜ ïu‡K
Zzwg †mB cjøe‡kvwfZ c_ GKw`b Avwg AÜ n‡qwQjvg
†h ebf‚wg Avwg †Uªb †_‡K †`‡LwQ m‡½
Zzwg †mB e‡bi Qvqv Rxe‡bi GKwU A_©I Luy‡R †c‡qwQjvg|
†h evwo‡Z †Kvbw`b _vKe bv
ïay _vKvi B”Qv †cvlY K‡iwQ Kzgvix MÜ †h †Kvb Kwe‡K Db¥vZvj K‡i
Zzwg †mB evwo| Zv Avgvi Rvbv wQj bv| †Zvgvi ms¯ú‡k© G‡mB
H †kvfvc_, ebf‚wg, H AvKv•¶vi evwo Zvi Av‡iK gv‡b Luy‡R †cjvg|
g‡b-g‡b D‡¯‹ †`q mydjv welv`
Avwg gvqvcÖK…wZi GK duv` †_‡K Rxeb †Zv ïay Rxeb bq
†Kvbg‡Z D‡V G‡m †hgb KweZv bq ïay KweZv
¯^fveekZ cwo Ab¨ GK g‡bvig duv‡`! Rxe‡bi †fZi †hgb Rxeb _v‡K
†Zgwb KweZvi †fZiI KweZv
G Rxeb my›`i Avgv‡K Kuv`v‡e Avi KZ GK mgq Rxeb I KweZv GKvKvi n‡q hvq|
`ytLKYv gy‡Q w`‡Z Zzwg cvi‡e bv ZLb Rxe‡bi Ab¨ gv‡b `uvovq
Zzwg ïay KuvUv‡Niv dz‡ji Bkviv w`‡q †m A_©B Avwg mviv Rxeb KweZv I Rxe‡bi †fZi
†Zvgvi ARv‡šÍ Luy‡R †ewo‡qwQ| Z‡e †Zvgv‡K Qvov
Avgvi A‡cÖg K‡i hv‡e msnZ| †m Rxe‡bi A_© D×vi eo KwVb n‡e|
Zv †R‡bI iex›`ªbv‡_i gZ,
ÔAvwg KwV‡b‡i fv‡jvevwmjvgÕ|

†Zvgvi kixi †_‡K wbM©Z Kzgvix MÜ

†jvKUv GKw`b Avgv‡K AÜ K‡iwQj|
w`jxcKvwšÍ j¯‹i †mB A܇Z¡i †Rvqv‡iB Avwg †Zvgv‡K †P‡qwQjvg
Pj AvR GB †Rvqv‡ii cÖwZK‚j NÖv‡Y
†jvKUv AiY¨ Kv‡U, †`n †hb Ai‡Y¨i e„ÿ I wkKo Avgiv †bŠKv fvmvB|
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Zvi mnbkxj eéjm`„k D‡`vg Z¡‡Ki Ici
†Kvb bMœZvi Qvqv †bB, Zey j¾v‡½ GKLÊ †KŠwcb|
Kv‡U e„ÿ KzVv‡ii cÖPÊ AvNv‡Z
Ai‡Y¨i †gŠbZv †f‡O LvbLvb K‡i †d‡U c‡o wk‡ivbvgnxb
†hb Zvi †ÿvf-†µva-Nvg b~iæj Kexi
wKš‘ Kvi weiæ‡× †m Rv‡b bv|
Zvi Ry‡Zv bv-civ cv‡qi wb‡Pi Z¡K cyiæ n‡Z n‡Z †Kv_v †_‡K WvK?
wVK GK‡Rvov iƒcvšÍwiZ Ry‡Zv bvwo wQu‡o `xN©k¦vm I‡V
bL¸‡jv evNbL cÖvq; wbZvšÍ cÖvK…wZK cÖwZiÿv Qvov mxgvnxb Ab‡šÍ wgjvqÑ
hvi e¨envi †m Rv‡b bv wbmM© Wvbv †g‡j Amxg k~b¨Zvq
Puv‡`i Av‡jvq Zv‡K †`‡L Gjvg jOMvB b`x‡Z Luy‡R †d‡iÑ †Kv_v Zzwg?
bvq‡i MjyB a‡i e‡m e‡m fvwUqvjx Mvq|
w`jxcKvwšÍ j¯‹i †Kv_vq! †Kv_vq!
Am‡gi KwigM‡Äi Kwe, m¤úv`K jvjb †n Ck¦iÑ cÖfz †gviÑ wcÖq †gvi...

27
 cÖeÜ

AvaywbK evsjv mvwn‡Z¨

†gvwnZjvj gRyg`v‡ii f‚wgKv
mv ‡j nv †PŠ ay ix
†h PviRb Kwe iex›`ªbv‡_i fve I fvlv †_‡K †ewi‡q cwiP‡qi d‡j Zuvi Kv‡e¨ gbbkxjZvi ¯úk© †j‡MwQj,
G‡m wb‡Ri gZ K‡i KweZv iPbv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jbÑ Zuviv †h wRwb‡mi Afve m‡Z¨›`ªbv‡_ wQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq|
h_vµ‡g m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë, KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg, hZx›`ªbv_ †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi iƒcvU© eªæK, wW GBP j‡iÝ, †ev`‡jqvi,
†mb¸ß I †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi| Gu‡`i KweZvi cÖavb gvjv‡g© cÖf…wZi Kve¨ cvV K‡iwQ‡jb, Ges cv‡Vi dj mhZœ
cv_©K¨ my‡ii ev †gRv‡Ri| Guiv †P‡qwQ‡jb iex›`ªbv‡_i I m‡PZb mvabvi Øviv Kve¨ m„wó K‡iwQ‡jb| we‡kl K‡i
XvKv ejq †_‡K †ewi‡q GKUv bZzb wKQz Ki‡Z| KZUv mdj †hRb¨ wZwb AvaywbK Kwe‡`i gb‡K AvKl©Y K‡iwQ‡jb †m
†mUv Aek¨ fvebvi welq| aŸb¨vZ¥K k‡ãi e¨envi, wewfbœ nj Zvi Zš¿ag©x wbf©xK †`nev`| GB †`nev‡`i †cQ‡b
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Q›` wb‡q cixÿv-wbixÿv, MÖvg¨ I †jŠwKK kã‡K KweZvi ¯^fveKwe †Mvwe›` `v‡mi cÖfve jÿ¨YxqÑ Avwg Zuv‡i fvjevwm
evsjv wefv‡M †fv‡R cv‡Z Zz‡j †bIqv cÖf…wZ Kvi‡Y Zuv‡`i Kve¨ wKQzUv i³gvsmmn| †gvwnZjvj m‡PZb fv‡e GB Rxeb`k©b‡K
wZwb †ek n‡jI iex›`ªbv‡_i KweZvi my‡i ev Zv‡j c_ P‡jwb Ggb Zuvi Kv‡e¨ cÖwZwôZ Ki‡jb| m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ I bRiæ‡ji gZ
`vex Zuviv Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges †m Kv‡ji cvVK I mgv‡jvPK wZwb Aviwe dvwm© kã Zz‡j G‡b Zvi KweZvi evMvb Ki‡jb
wKQzw`b wiWvi Zv wek¦vmI K‡ib| Z‡e m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë †klch©šÍ AwZ eY©vjx| Zvici Avb‡jb ms¯‹…Z k‡ãi Mfxi g›`ªgqZv| `xN©
wnmv‡e KvR gbbawg©Zvi Afv‡e †Zgb we‡kl Kwei ch©vqfz³ n‡Z ZvbcÖavb Q‡›`i wejw¤^Z MwZ m„wó K‡i †m-hy‡Mi Gwj‡q
cv‡ibwb| hw`I †KD †KD Zuv‡K Q‡›`i hv`yKiI e‡j cov Kv‡e¨ GKUv ¯^Kxq ewjôZv mÂvi Ki‡jb| welqe¯‘i
K‡ib| hw`I _v‡K| eyׇ`e emy e‡j‡QbÑ Ôm‡Z¨›`ªbv‡_i Abyf‚wZUvB ˆewP‡Î¨ AvaywbK KweZvi Avm‡i ¯§iYxq n‡jb| †Kej
cÖPzi covïbv K…wÎg, KweZv †jLvi Rb¨ †dwb‡q †Zvjv|Õ bRiæj wewkó Avw½K bq| BUvibvj c¨vkb ev BUvibvj †cbÑ Rxeb
n‡jb Zuvi we‡`ªv‡nÑ whwb iex›`ªbv_‡K ch©šÍ mPwKZ K‡i g„Zz¨, cvc, cyb¨, cÖf…wZ Rxe‡bi †gŠj welq¸‡jv wb‡q wZwb
K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ Zuvi †mœnfvRb n‡qwQ‡jb| †P‡qwQ‡jb aªæc`x Avjvc Ki‡Z| †gvwnZjvj †mB evYxi
wZwb †m hy‡Mi †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi Avi hZx›`ªbv_ †mb¸ß evsjv mvabv Ki‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb †h evYx AvKv‡k I‡V, wkLv hvi
KweZvq hv Avb‡jb `xwß wÎcvVx Zvi bvg w`‡q‡Qb †nvgûZvk‡b/ c‡k c~Y¨ imvZ‡jÑ gvby‡li gg©wbevwmbx|
GgG wQ‡jb bv| PvwiΨ¸Y| KweZv cwÎKvi m¤úv`Kx‡qi eivZ w`‡q `xwß KweZv cwÎKvi m¤úv`K e‡jwQ‡jb Av‡ivÑ ÔAvi
weG wQ‡jb| wÎcvVx e‡jbÑ ÔAvgv‡`i ZiæY eq‡m, hLb iwe‡`ªv‡ni GKwU welq GB, †gvwnZjvj iex›`ªbv_‡K AbyKiY K‡ibwb
cÖ‡qvRbxq avcwU Avgiv cvi nw”Qjvg, ZLb †h `yÕRb Kwe‡Z Ggb `vex Kiv nq| GB `„k¨gvb RM‡Zi AšÍiv‡j iex›`ªbv_
†mB wWwMÖ wb‡qB Avgiv ZLbKvigZ g‡Zv MZ¨šÍi Luy‡R †c‡qwQjvg Zuv‡`i †h †PZbvi Aw¯Í‡Z¡i K_v e‡jwQ‡jb †m m¤^‡Ü †gvwnZjvj
wZwb XvKv GKRb hZx›`ª‡gvnb †mb¸ß Ab¨Rb we¯§iYxi †gvwnZjvj wQ‡jb D`vmxb Ges hZx›`ªbv_ Awek¦vmx|Õ †gvwnZjvj Zuvi
gRyg`vi|Õ Rxeb`k©b m¤^‡Ü cvc KweZvq ¯úóB e‡j‡QbÑ Ô†`‡n
wek¦we`¨vj‡q †gvwnZjv‡ji Ici m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ I bRiæ‡ji cÖfve †Zvi cÖvY Av‡Q?/ Z‡e †Kb I‡i fxiæ wbZ¨ Dcevmx/
wkÿKZv K‡ib| h‡_ó wQj Zv‡Z m‡›`n †bB| Bs‡iwR mvwn‡Z¨i m‡½ Nwbô wPig„Zz¨-†gvÿ-Awfjvlx|Õ G wQj †mw`‡bi KweZv cwÎKvi

28
iex›`ªbv_‡K wK mwZ¨B AwZµg Kievi cÖ‡qvRb wQj? wZwb wK wb‡RB evi evi wb‡R‡K mg‡qi Dchy³ K‡i
†Zv‡jbwb? wb‡R‡K AwZµg K‡ibwb? wZwb wK wZwi‡kvˇii myi ai‡Z cvi‡Z cv‡ibwb? Gme ZK© ev` w`‡q
Gevi Avm‡Z nq †mB wel‡q hv‡K ejv nq AvaywbK KweZvi jÿY|

m¤úv`Kx‡qi A‡bK K_v wKQz| K‡jøvj hy‡Mi cÖvPxb ev ga¨hy‡Mi mvwn‡Z¨ imjxjv ev †`n Kgy`iÄb gwjøK, KiæYvwbavb e‡›`¨vcva¨vq,
Kweiv AevK n‡q †`‡LwQ‡jb I ï‡bwQ‡jb m‡¤¢v‡Mi K_v KZfv‡eB bv Avgiv †R‡bwQ| Kvwj`vm ivq cÖgyL| Gic‡ii we‡kl Kwe‡`i
we¯§iYxi †gvwnZjvj‡K| cvc c~Y¨ Rxeb G QvovI hw` ZvKvB ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡Z¨ †`Le I g‡a¨ †gvwnZjv‡ji bvg Ki‡Z nq| 1927
g„Zz¨ cÖf…wZ wPivqZ welq wb‡q Zuvi wbR¯^ wRwb‡mi †gv‡UB Afve †bB †mLv‡b| eyׇ`e mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq Zvi cÖ_g KweZv MÖš’
fvebv| mvwnZ¨ m›`k©‡bi iPwqZv †gvwnZjvj emyi †gN`~‡Zi evsjv Abyev‡`i GKUzLvwb we¯§iYx| 1936 mv‡j cÖKvk K‡ib ¯§iMij|
gRyg`vi‡K e‡j‡QbÑ Ô†gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi Zz‡j aiwQÑ Ôemb a‡i Av‡Q wkw_j nv‡Z 1941 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ KweZv MÖ‡š’i bvg †ngšÍ
(1888-1952), iex›`ªhy‡Mi Ges g~jZ †hb/ †Zgwb Suy‡K Av‡Q †e‡Zi kvLv/ mn‡R †Mva~jx| g„Zz¨i GK eQi Av‡M 1951 mv‡j
†ivgvw›UK nB‡jI Kv‡e¨ mbvZb ixwZi cÖ¯’vb n‡e bv m¤¢e/ Zzwg †h Zvi c‡i j¤^gvb/ cÖKvk K‡ib †gN e„wó So| 1952 mv‡ji
cÿcvZx, fveMfxiZv, wPÎvZ¥K Kíbv I wee„Z RNbvi ev‡iK †c‡j ¯^v` †K Avi cv‡i QvweŸ‡k RyjvB wZwb gviv hvb| Zvn‡j †`Lv
fv¯‹h©-gwngv Zuvnvi KweZvi we‡klZ¡|Õ wZwb ej Qvov‡Z|Õ GiciI AvaywbK Kweiv Ggb hv‡”Q †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi mwZ¨Kvi A‡_©B
Zuv‡K wVK †`nev`x ej‡Qb bv| Zv bv ejyb, wK kix‡ii K_v wb‡q G‡jb hv AvaywbKZvi wZwi‡kvËi Kwe|
wZwb †`nevw`Zv I †fvMevw`Zv‡K jvjb jÿY e‡j g‡b Kiv nj| †mUv Avi wKQz bqÑ Zuvi Kve¨MÖš’ cÖKvk g„Zz¨i c‡iI
I aviY K‡iwQ‡jb KweZvq| Rxe‡b wK iex›`ªbv_ †h eY©bv‡K mhZ‡b Gwo‡q †M‡Qb Ae¨vnZ wQj| 1956 mv‡j †gvwnZjvj
K‡iwQ‡jb †mUv Rvbevi K_v bq, Avgv‡`i Zv‡KB †m Kv‡ji Kweiv fvjgZ Svwj‡q gRyg`v‡ii wbe©vwPZ KweZv cÖKvwkZ nq|
Av‡jvPbvi welqI bq| wb‡jb| wRwbmUv wQj| wKš‘ iex›`ªbv‡_ wQj 1960 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq Kve¨m¤¢vi| 1970
GKUv K_v cÖ_‡g fve‡Z n‡e, bv| ZvB hviv Gi e¨envi Ki‡jb Zuviv mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq †gvwnZjvj gRyg`v‡ii
iex›`ªbv‡_i ci e‡j mwZ¨B wK †Kvb Kvj AvaywbKZvi jÿ‡Y wPwýZ n‡jb| Z‡e †kªô KweZv| †evSv hvq cvV‡Ki Kv‡Q
wQj| iex›`ªbv_‡K wK mwZ¨B AwZµg Kievi Zuv‡`i KweZvi kixiMZ eY©bvi iƒc cwðgx †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi wQ‡jb GKRb wcÖq I
cÖ‡qvRb wQj? wZwb wK wb‡RB evi evi wb‡R‡K mvwnZ¨ cvV Kievi d‡j bZzb nj| KweZvq Av‡jvwPZ Kwe hvi g„Zz¨‡ZB mewKQz †kl n‡q
mg‡qi Dchy³ K‡i †Zv‡jbwb? wb‡R‡K Gj M‡`¨i fvlv| †m fvlv iex›`ªbv_I ev` hvqwb| wZwb wZwi‡kvËi Kve¨aviv Ges evsjv
AwZµg K‡ibwb? wZwb wK wZwi‡kvˇii myi †`bwb| Zuvi M`¨ KweZvi K_v †K fz‡j hv‡e| KweZvi BwZnv‡m GKwU Awe¯§iYxq bvg|
ai‡Z cv‡ibwb? Gme ZK© ev` w`‡q Gevi Z‡e KweZvi †fZ‡i M‡`¨i A‡bK wKQz P‡j XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi evsjv wefv‡M wZwb †ek
Avm‡Z nq †mB wel‡q hv‡K ejv nq AvaywbK Gj| A‡bK cyi‡bv kã wnqv, †gvi, †Mby, wQby wKQzw`b wiWvi wnmv‡e KvR K‡ib| hw`I cÖPzi
KweZvi jÿY| AvaywbK KweZvi mgqKvj cªf„wZ evwZj nj| mwZ¨B wK? GLb‡Zv †KD covïbv K‡i‡Qb wKš‘ wZwb †m hy‡Mi GgG
cÖ_g gnvhy‡×i c‡ii mgq| G mgqKv‡ji †KD †gvi, wnqv e¨envi K‡ib| ZLbKvi gZ wQ‡jb bv| weG wQ‡jb| †mB wWwMÖ wb‡qB
Kweiv cÖvYc‡Y †Póv K‡i‡Qb iex›`ªbv_ bv ev` wM‡qwQj †mUv mwZ¨| Gici Av‡iv bvbv wZwb XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡q wkÿKZv K‡ib|
n‡Z| Rxebvb›` m‡PZbfv‡e †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb jÿ‡Y AvaywbK KweZv we‡kølY Kiv hvq| Z‡e NUbvµ‡g †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi †h evwo‡Z
wKbv Rvwb bv| wKš‘ Rxebvb›` bv‡g GKRb Gi g‡a¨ Q›`, M`¨ I welq‰ewPΨ, †jvKR evm Ki‡Zb XvKvq, AvgivI wek¦we`¨vj‡qi
AZ¨šÍ AvaywbK Kwe G‡mwQ‡jb Avgv‡`i kã I fvlvi bZzbZ¡ cÖavb| gy³ Q‡›`i my›`i †mB evwo‡Z evm KiZvg| wZwb bvwK eviv›`vq
Rxe‡b, hvi K_v ev` w`‡q AvaywbK KweZvi e¨envi jÿ¨ Kiv †Mj| GKUv gv`yi wewQ‡q covïbv Ki‡Zb| Bs‡iwR
mgv‡jvPbv n‡Z cv‡i bv| whwb Bs‡iwR GKmgq GwjqU †Kvb GKUv eo Ck¦ixq mvwnZ¨ cÖPzi c‡o‡Qb| gbUv wQj fviZxq
mvwnZ¨ co‡Z co‡Z bZzbfv‡e KweZv m„wó e¨vcviI Rvb‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb| I‡q÷j¨v‡Ûi gv‡b GB †g‡S‡Z e‡m covïbv †_‡K Ggwb
K‡iwQ‡jbÑ bZzb my‡ii mvaK, bZzb fvlvi KweZvi ci| ej‡jbÑ Avgv‡`i kvwšÍ wKQz aviYv Kiv hvq| c~e© cvwK¯Ív‡bi R‡b¥i
¸iæ ev KvwiMi| wZwbB cÖ_g mwZ¨Kvi Zuvi B”Qvq| ZrKvjxb evsjvfvlvi Kweiv ci wZwb KjKvZvq wd‡i hvb| 1989 mv‡j
A‡_© KweZvi fvlv‡K AvaywbK K‡iwQ‡jb| GwjqU‡K bvbvfv‡e AbymiY Ki‡jb, †KD †gvwnZjvj gRyg`v‡ii Rb¥ kZevwl©Kx
Gi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z nq bMi mf¨Zvi K_v| †KD GB wb‡e`‡bi Abymvix n‡jb, KweZvq cvwjZ nq| †m eQi mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi¯‹vi
Rmxg D`&`xb cjøxKwe n‡jI MÖvgxY Kwe I †mv”Pvi K‡É| Kv‡RB `yÕ‡Uv welqB †c‡qwQ‡jb †¯ú‡bi Kvwg‡jv †nv‡m †mjv|
bb GB wRwbmUv g‡b ivLv fvj| MÖvg¨Zv I GLv‡b KvR K‡i‡Q| Kvgbv-evmbv I Ck¦i| Avi Zuvi m‡½ kZevwl©Kx cvwjZ nq ¶zw`ivg
bvMwiKZvi GKUv Pzj‡Piv we‡f` Av‡Q| eyׇ`e emy Zuvi †cÖg‡eva Ges bvixi kixi‡K emy, gyRd&di Avng`, wkwkiKzgvi fv`yox I
hy‡×i c‡i Rxe‡b Gj bvbv ˆbivk¨, bvbv bvwg‡q G‡bwQ‡jb Ggb GK fvebvq- Avwg RInijvj †bniæi cÖgy‡Li|
K¬vwšÍ| K¬všÍ K¬všÍ K¬všÍ K‡i Ggwb welv‡` f‡i †Kej fvjevmv‡KB fvjevwm| Gfv‡e wKQzUv Gevi g~j e³‡e¨ wd‡i Avwm|
†Mj KweZvi RMZ| Zvici Kweiv ZvKv‡jb cwieZ©b G‡mwQj †Kvb †Kvb Kwei †k‡li iex›`ªbv_‡K wVK A¯^xKvi K‡i bq, Zuv‡K
evB‡i, eo c„w_exUvi w`‡K, †mLv‡b huviv w`‡Ki KweZvq| †KD †KD we‡`ªv‡ni †fZ‡i fvjgZ ey‡S wb‡q, Zuvi mvM‡i Wze w`‡q,
KweZv wjLwQ‡jbÑ fve‡jb Zv‡`i K_v| wb‡e`b wb‡q G‡jb| bRiæj Bmjv‡gi K_v †bŠ‡Kvq †f‡m, GKmgq †gvwnZjvj gRyg`vi
co‡jb mhZ‡b Zuv‡`i †jLv| G‡`i cy‡ivwnZ G cÖm‡½ g‡b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| hvB †nvK bZzb c‡_i cÖqvmx n‡qwQ‡jb e‡j Zuvi
n‡jb wU Gm GwjqU| wKš‘ Av‡iv A‡bK †`k-we‡`k, MÖnY-eR©‡bi g‡a¨ w`‡q †mKv‡j mgv‡jvPKiv `vwe K‡i _v‡Kb| AvgivI
we‡`kx KweB †mKv‡ji KweZvi iO e`‡j GKUv Kv‡e¨i aviv M‡o D‡VwQj hv c‡i Zuvi Kve¨ fvjgZ Abyaveb K‡i Ggb GKUv
w`‡qwQ‡jb| Gici Gj g‡bi weÁvb| gvbyl wZwi‡kvËi Kve¨ Av‡›`vjb bv‡g wPwýZ| wm×v‡šÍ Avm‡Z cvwi| cÖ_g gnvhy‡×i c‡i
KweZvq gb Avb‡jb e¨vcKfv‡e, bZzb K‡i| 1905 †_‡K Õ18 A_©vr hLb cÖ_g gnvhy× †kl wZwb Kve¨PP©v ïiæ K‡ib| 1941 mv‡j †ngšÍ
Gi m‡½ G‡j †`nR Kvgbv evmbv| wRwbmUv nj ZLb ch©šÍ hviv KweZv wjLwQ‡jb Zuviv †Mva~jx iPbv K‡i wZwb Kve¨ PP©vq hwZ †U‡b‡Qb
†h G‡Kev‡i bZzb †m K_v ejv hv‡e bv| n‡jb m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `Ë, hZx›`ª‡gvnb evMPx, Ggb fvebv‡K wg‡_¨ cÖgvwYZ K‡i 1951

29
 mv‡j cÖKvk K‡ib †gN e„wó So| Zey bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq| kwbev‡ii wPwV| c`vejx| ÔmvZ‡kv eQ‡ii Ri`Me
†KD †KD e‡jb Zuvi †kªô Kve¨dmj fv`ª 1359)| AbpZvi gvSLv‡b GKgvÎ Pwjòz
d‡jwQj `yB hy‡×i ga¨eZ©x mg‡q| G me mgv‡jvPbvi Av‡jv‡K Av‡eM‡mªvZ|Õ Z‡e G Av‡eM‡mªv‡Z
gvÎ PviLvbv Kve¨ MÖ‡š’i cÖKvkbvq †gvwnZjv‡ji KweZv‡K GiKgfv‡e G‡m‡Q ag©| cigvZ¥vi m‡½ RxevZ¥vi
wZwb n‡q‡Qb Ggb GK bvg evsjv fvM Kiv hvqÑ 1. RxebZ…òv 2. eyw×ev` wgjb| ZvB f³ KL‡bv †`L‡Q K…ò‡K
Kve¨PP©vi BwZnvm Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z 3. c„w_ex e›`bv 4. †`nev`| cÖfz iƒ‡c, KL‡bv eÜz iƒ‡c, KL‡bv wkï
wM‡q Zuv‡K ev` †`Iqvi cÖkœ I‡V bv| †`nev` Avi eyw×ev‡`i GKUv iƒ‡c, KL‡bv †cÖwgK iƒ‡c| ivav Avi
we¯§iYxi c‡iB mPwKZ cvVK eyS‡Z PgrKvi mswgkªY n‡qwQj Zuvi KweZvq| f³ GKBRb| Z‡e GB †cÖwgK iƒ‡ci
cvi‡jb KweZvi Ggb myi G‡Kev‡iB †m Kvi‡Y Zuvi †`nev`‡K bZzb g‡b Kvi‡Y GZ kZ kZ c`vejx mvwn‡Z¨i
wZwb †Kej bZzb I Avb‡Kviv| Zuvi Av‡M n‡q‡Q| evsjv †`‡ki Kve¨ BwZnvm Rb¥| gvbex ivwaKvi Kvgbv evmbvq
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `ËI †ek Rwg‡q e‡m‡QbÑ ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡j Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB wQj Ava¨vwZ¥K cwigʇji weï×
bvixi bZzb bZzb M‡Ü I Q‡›` wZwbI GKRb †fvMev` I gZ©cÖxwZi †Kvb ewjô nvIqv| Zey †mLv‡b kixi Av‡Q| ZvB
fvjevmvq bZzb Kwe e‡j ZvovZvwo Kcv‡j GKUv †Pnviv †bB| Kweiv memgq Avi eo– PÊx`v‡mi kªxK…òKxZ©‡b ivav‡K
cwiP‡qi P›`bwUc Gu‡K wb‡jb| †Kgb GK RM‡Zi Awfmvix| G RMZ wb‡q hLb †hŠb Rxe‡bi †fZ‡i †`wLÑ
mwܯ’vcb bZzb? Zviv e‡jb Avgiv iex›`ªbv_‡K gvZvgvwZ Avgv‡`i †kvfv cvq bv Ggwb Avgiv Zv‡K fz‡j †h‡Z cvi‡j euvwP|
K‡ib| AbymiY Kwiwb e‡j bZzb| fvj K_v| †hb g‡bvfve| Ph©vc‡` wK †`wL? †`wL ZLb kªxK…ò‡K Avi †KD †cÖwgK ej‡Z
mevB GgbB PvBwQj ZLb| bZzb wKQz GKUv `vk©wbK †eva| †mB Ae‡nwjZ Pvq bv| e‡j Ae©vPxb evj‡Ki KxwZ©|
bZzb wKQz Ki †i fvB bZzb wKQz Ki/ Avi wKQz †kªYxi cÖwZwbwaI Ggb K‡i e‡jbÑ Avm‡j GLv‡b †`‡ni g‡a¨ eyw×ev‡`i
Kivi wPšÍv, bv cvi hw` eD‡K a‡i gvi|Õ †Zgwb GB c„w_exi wKQz cvBwb e‡j Avgv‡`i wgj nqwb| Zv‡K GKUz †Niv‡Uv‡c
bZzb MÜfiv †gvwnZjvj G‡Kev‡i `ytL †bB| Avm‡j Avgiv wKQz †c‡Z eY©bv Kievi †KŠkj †m mg‡qi Kweiv
†Mvwe›`ªP‡›`ªi gvZvj Ki‡jb A‡bK‡K| Quy‡q Av‡Q PvBwb| GLv‡b me gvqv Avi gixwPKv| Rvb‡Zb bv| d‡j G‡Kev‡i wee¯¿
KweZv, †jvKUv iex›`ªbv‡_i DËixq ZeyI Zviv wbe©vwmZ n‡jb| iPbv Ki‡jb ivwaKvi wenvice© †gv‡UB †Kvb mvwnZ¨-
iex›`ªbv_ bq| iex›`ªbxj Qvqv‡Niv GK KwíZ RMZ| cy‡iv RMZUvB ZLb wk‡íi cwiPq †`q bv| Avgiv ev`
g¨v_y Avb©ì, c_ w`‡q wZwb †nu‡U Avm‡Qb bv, cv‡k ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj GKUv ag©xq KvVv‡gvi w`‡q cwo| weinx ivwaKv hLb e‡jbÑ
iex›`ª- wb‡Ri Rb¨ GKUv c_ iPbv Ki‡Qb| Dci| d‡j g‡Z©i e›`bv †bB GLv‡b| Ô`ywLbxi w`b `y‡L‡Z †Mj/ g_yiv bM‡i
we‡ivwaZv, ZLbKvi mgv‡jvPK e‡jbÑ Ôfv‡e, KviY Gme c`KZ©viv `vk©wbK| wQ‡j †Zv fvjÕ| wKsev ÔAvRy iRbx
fvlvq, Q‡›`, cÖKvkKzkjZvq, m‡e©vcwi g½jKv‡e¨i w`‡K ZvKv‡j GKB nvg fv‡M MgvIj/ †cL‡jv wcqvgyL
†hUvB KviY ¯^vfvweK Rxeb¯ú›`b cwiù‚U‡b evsjv NUbv †`wL Avgiv| mg¯Í Kve¨ iPbvi P›`vÕ| ZLb Zv‡K Avgv‡`i †ewk fvj
†nvK bv Kv‡e¨i fwel¨Z AbšÍ m¤¢vebvgqÑ †fZ‡i GKwU g~j D‡Ïk¨ cvIqv hvq| jv‡M| GBfv‡e we`¨vcwZ I PÊx`v‡m
iex›`ªbv_ evsjv Kve¨Kz‡Äi †kl cyiæl Awewgkª †fv‡Mi Av`k© GLv‡b bibvixi Ges Zuv‡`i Abymvix c`KZ©vq g‡R
†Kb †mKv‡j b‡nb|Õ e‡jwQ‡jb Kwe †gvwnZjv‡ji Kvg¨ bq| nZfvMv bjKz‡ei †hŠeb iBj Zver evsjv fvlvi cvVK| †cÖg
†gvwnZjvj Rxebx iPwqZv nibv_ cvj| †Kb Zuvi Dc‡fv‡Mi Aciv‡a c„w_ex‡Z wbe©vwmZ eb¨vq †f‡m †Mj †`k| Gmgq GKRb
g‡b n‡qwQj evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ iex›`ªbv_B nb| g½jKv‡e¨i Pwi‡Îi cªvq meviB ˆeòe c`vejx mgv‡jvPK ZrKvjxb
†h wKQz †kl bvg bq, †mUvI GKUv we¯§q| Avw` wbevm ¯^‡M©| Zviv GKmgq mgvR e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© e‡jbÑ ÔAvw`
cvVK, iex›`ªbv_ wb‡RI †Zv †mUv `vwe †mLv‡bB wd‡i hv‡eb| Zviv GB c„w_ I ga¨c‡e© ev½vjxi BwZnv‡mi Qv‡Îiv
K‡ibwb| wKš‘ GKUv welq cwi®‹vi, ex‡Z hv Ki‡Qb Zv †Kvb †`ex‡ZB| Rv‡bb Avgv‡`i Rxeb wQj AvPvig~jK
mgv‡jvPK †gvwnZjvj ¯^Zš¿| wZwb GKUv bZzb A‡b‡KB †`e-†`exi K‚U Pµv‡šÍi I KZ©e¨g~jK| KL‡bv mvabgv‡M©i
I Kwei e¨vbvi wb‡q GwM‡q Avm‡Qb| Zuvi wkKvi| Zvici wKQz Amnvq gvbyl cyZzj wb‡`©‡k, KL‡bv ¯§„wZi Abykvm‡b †m
m‡½ Av‡Q Av‡iv K‡qKRb, hv‡`i bvg bv‡Pi cyZzj n‡q hvb| g½jKv‡e¨i Rxeb wbqwš¿Z n‡q‡Q| Avgiv cZœxm½
g‡b bvov Avwg Av‡M e‡jwQ| †`Lv hvK Zuvi GB cyZzj bvP Avi gvwbK e‡›`¨vcva¨v‡qi Dc‡fvM K‡iwQ cyÎv‡_©| Avgiv cyÎ
w`‡qwQ‡jb ¯^vZš¿¨ aviv m¤^‡Ü bvivqY M‡½vcva¨vq cyZzj bvP GK wRwbm bq| g½jKv‡e¨ hvPbv K‡iwQ cybœvg bi‡Ki Îv‡m| ¯§„wZ
wK e‡jbÑ Ô†gvwnZjv‡ji GB Rxeb- Avgiv hv‡`i cvB Zviv me KxwZ©gvb| AbykvwmZ KZ©e¨ ¸n¨mva‡bi wbM~p
†m wel‡q Z…òv bZzb K_v bq| iex›`ªbv‡_i K‡É cyZzj bv‡Pi KviY †Kvb †`e †`exi ms‡KZ, KiYxq A_ev AKiYx‡qi `yB
†Kvb m‡›`n eû wewPÎ my‡i Avgiv GB c„w_ex e›`bv mvÿvr PµvšÍ| d‡j GB c„w_exi Kzj euvwP‡q Avgv‡`i ÿxYaviv Rxebb`x
†bB| G ï‡bwQ| wKš‘ g~jZ iex›`ª‡Mv‡Îi wkíx cÖwZ GKUv wb¯ú„n g‡bvfve| Avgiv e‡q P‡jwQj hyMhyM a‡i|Õ (m‡ivR
n‡qI †gvwnZjvj iwei Av‡jvq nvwi‡q hw` wbwðZ ¯^‡M© wd‡i hvevi Avk¦vm e‡›`¨vcva¨vq: ˆeòe c`iZœvejx)
QvovI wQj hvbwb| wPšÍvi ¯^vZ‡š¿ wZwb ¯^qscÖKvk| †cZvg, nq‡Zv AvgivI g½jKv‡e¨i cÖvPxb I ga¨hy‡M KL‡bv Gi
cwð‡gi ZvB iex›`ªbv‡_i Ae¨ewnZ cieZ©x Pwi‡Îi gZ wb¯ú„n n‡Z cviZvg| e¨wZµg nqwb| ˆeòe c`vejxi †hUzKz
Kwe‡Mvôx‡Z †gvwnZjv‡ji f‚wgKv me c„w_ex gvby‡li RvqMv e‡U wKš‘ ¯^M© cwieZ©b †mUv‡K wPwýZ Kiv †h‡Z
mvwnZ¨, PvB‡Z g~j¨evb| ïay mvwnwZ¨K `„wóf½x †Zv GK g‡bvig ¯’vb, †hLv‡b Rxe‡bi cv‡i ü`qvbyf~wZi wbg©j cÖKvk|
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GwjqU wW hy‡Mi Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ iex›`ª e¨wZwi³ we`¨vmy›`‡ii †`n Dc‡fv‡Mi †h eY©bv gaym~`b `Ë| wZwb Rxeb‡K wb‡Ri
GBP j‡iÝ bZzb wKQz K_v †gvwnZjv‡ji KvQ Av‡Q Avgiv Zv‡K ev` w`‡Z cvi‡jB Pkgvi †fZi w`‡q wePvi Ki‡jb, whwb
†_‡KB Avgiv cÖavbZ ï‡bwQ| AvaywbK euvwP| Avgiv g‡b Kwi fviZP›`ª bvg e`‡j gvB‡Kj n‡q‡Qb, co‡Qb
cÖgyL wekvj evsjvKv‡e¨ eyw×ev` I †`nev‡`i cÖ_g Avm‡j NyYaiv ivRZ‡š¿i Kwe| Kv‡RB me©cÖKvi mvwnZ¨, †mKv‡j Bs‡iwR,
e¨w³Z¡| cÖKvk †gvwnZjvj| (Kwe †gvwnZjvj: Gme †Zv _vK‡eB| Zvici Gj ˆeòe j¨vwUb, divwm eûwea cy¯ÍKcv‡V w`b

30
ga¨ I cÖvPxb hy‡M †h Dcv`v‡bi Afve Avgv‡`i Kve¨mvwnZ¨‡K GK‡c‡k K‡iwQj, ag©xq Ave‡n eÜ †i‡LwQj,
ZviB cÖ_g we‡`ªvn †`Lv †Mj exiv½bvi bvix‡`i †fZi| Giv †Kvb hy× Rq Ki‡Z Pvqwb †Kej Av‡eM‡K Zvi
e‡k ivLevi †Póv K‡iwb| mnR ¯úó I mZ¨ D”PviY|
w`b wb‡R‡K Av‡jvwKZ I mg„× KiwQ‡jb| †evZje× _v‡K mgv‡Ri ¯^v¯’¨weÁv‡bi cw_K c„w_ex‡K †`L‡Qb bZzb Av‡jv‡K|
wZwb ivÿm ivRv iveY‡K Ki‡jb gvbyl| Kvi‡Y, Zv‡KB gaym~`b wQwc Ly‡j evZv‡m cÖ_g Rxe‡bi †hŠeb e›`bvi Pz¤^b I ¯Íb
ivg‡K Ki‡jb fxiæ, mgv‡Ri gy‡Li w`‡K †Q‡o †`b| g‡b nq wZwb Gme Kve¨ iPbv c‡ii w`‡K ag©xq evZvei‡Y Ab¨ KweZv n‡q
†P‡q _vKv Kvcyiæl| iveY G‡Kev‡iB †Pbv K‡ib †ivgvb Kwe Iwf‡`i Kve¨MÖš’ Gwc÷z‡j †M‡Q| ¯Íb KweZv‡Z j²xi gw›`i bv‡gi GK
Avgv‡`i gZ GKRb| †m nv‡m, Kuv‡` Avgv‡`i wn‡ivwqWg-Gi fvebv †_‡K| GLv‡b Iwf` Dcgv cvIqv hvq| Zvici? Kwe AvKzj n‡q
gZ| Zvi `kUv gv_v nq‡Zv Av‡Q wKš‘ `kUv wPwVi AvKv‡i K‡qKRb cÖvPxb bvixi †cÖ‡gi †cÖqmx‡K evûcvk Ly‡j w`‡Z e‡jbÑ Ô`vI
gv_vi mgvb eyw× †h Av‡Q †m wel‡q m‡›`n hvZbvi K_v cÖKvk K‡iwQ‡jb| gaym~`bI Ly‡j `vI mLx IB evûcvk/ Pz¤^b gw`iv Avi
†bB| Zvici? GB iveY hLb wejvc K‡ib ZvB K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e exiv½bv e‡j hv‡`i Kiv‡qv bv cvbÕ| †hb Gm‡eB NU‡e wec`|
Avgv‡`i ü`q ¯úk© K‡i| Zuvi `ytL GKmgq m‡¤^vab Ki‡Qb Zviv Zuv‡`i R¡vjv exii‡m bq GLv‡b Zuvi fÊvgx †bB| mwZ¨B wZwb ZLb
Abyfe Kwi| ivÿmiv‡Ri `ytL Abyfe bq, KiæY i‡m cÖKvk K‡ibÕ| GLv‡b GMv‡ivRb w`e¨‡R¨vwZ‡Z D™¢vwmZ| Zvici hLb So
gvby‡li `ytL Abyfe| cÖgxjvi mngiY, bvix Zv‡`i ü`qvKzwZi K_v wbwe©ev‡` †NvlYv Zz‡j wf‡±vwiqv IKv‡¤úv G‡jb Zuvi Rxe‡b
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j²‡Yi Av`k©evw`Zvi †fZiÑ me Qvwc‡q ˆK‡Kqx, j²‡Yi cÖwZ m~c©bLv, ARy©‡bi cÖwZ ¯úk©my‡Li K_v Zuvi Kv‡e¨ Avi KL‡bv †`Lv
Av‡Q gvby‡li Mí| Rxebv`‡k© ZLb bZzb I †`ªŠc`x, `y‡h©va‡bi cÖwZ fvbygZx, Rq`ª‡_i hvqwb|
cyivZb cvkvcvwk Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q| cÖwZ `ytkjv, kvšÍbyi cÖwZ Rvýex, cyiæievi GUzKz e‡j cvVK‡K ej‡Z PvIqv,
gaym~`‡bi mg¯Í †jLvi †fZ‡i exiv½bv cÖwZ De©kx Avi bxjaŸ‡Ri cÖwZ Rbv| g‡b †`‡ni K_v ev hvi Av‡iK bvg †fvMev` Zv
Kv‡e¨ †hgb K‡i RxebZ…òvi cwiPq cvIqv ivL‡Z n‡e cuvP cuvPwU ¯^vgxi g‡a¨ †`ªŠc`xi Avgv‡`i mvwn‡Z¨ mh‡Zœ ewR©Z| AkøxjZvi
hvq †ZgbwU Avi Ab¨ †Kv_vq †bB| GB †cÖwgKcyiæl wQ‡jb ARy©b, hvi w`‡K AvOzwj †`v‡l Awfhy³| hw`I Bs‡iR †jLK AmKvi
Kve¨MÖ‡š’i GKUz we¯—…Z cwiPq cÖ‡qvRb| Zz‡j wZwb ej‡Z cvi‡Zb ew¼gP‡›`ªi bvwqKvi IqvBì e‡jwQ‡jbÑ Ô†`qvi BR †bv mvP w_s
¸iæcZœx Zvivi KvgbvKvZi Dcevmx ü`q gZ Ô†kvb Dmgvb GB e›`x Avgvi cÖv‡Yk¦iÕ| Bb givj Ai Bggivj ivBwUs| ivBwUs BR
†hfv‡e †mv‡gi cÖwZ Avm³ Zv †`‡L GB †mv”Pvi ü`qvbyf‚wZi Kvi‡Y Zuviv I‡qj wi‡Ub Ai e¨vWwj wi‡Ub `¨vUm AjÕ|
Avgv‡`i Pg‡K DV‡Z nq| GKRb ¸iæcZœx exiv½bv| †h Kvi‡Y †mKv‡ji mgv‡jvPK Ggwb mg‡q †gvwnZjvj wb‡q G‡jb Zuvi
wKfv‡e Zuvi KvgbvKvZi ü`qUv‡K Ggb K‡i gaym~`b‡K GKwU we‡kl Avmb w`‡Z cÖ¯‘Z| †fvMev‡`i `wjj, †gvwnZjv‡ji KweZv hvi
D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Z cv‡i! cwÊZ ¯^vgxi cvwÊZ¨ Zviv ej‡Qb †mvg‡KÑ Ô†hw`b cÖ_‡g Zzwg bvg| 1927 mv‡j cÖKvwkZ nq Zuvi cÖ_g
Zuv‡K Avi †fvjvq bv| †m Pvq gZ©‡jv‡Ki G kvšÍ Avkª‡g/ cÖ‡ewkjv, wbwkKvšÍ, mnmv KweZv MÖš’ we¯§iYx| †hLv‡b †gvngy`Mi
my‡Li ¯^v` †c‡Z| Ggb fvebv ev Kvgbvq dzwUj/beKzgyw`bx mg G civY gg/Djøv‡mÑ bv‡gi GKwU KweZvq e‡jbÑ
†h cvc _vK‡Z cv‡i †mUvI Zviv fve‡Q fvwmj †hb Avb›` mwj‡jÕ| cicyiæl †m †`n fwi Ki cvb K‡evò I cÖv‡Yi gw`iv
bv| ïay Zviv bq exiv½bvi meKÕwU bvix GB Avevi ¯^vgxi QvÎ, Zv‡K †`‡L †hŠeb †R‡M a~wj gvwL Lwo jI Kvgbvi KvPgwY nxiv|
c„w_exi gvbyl| Zv‡`i Kvgbv evmbvi †Pnviv I‡VÑ Ggb K_v †K K‡e Av‡M ï‡b‡Q| Zvi gv‡b Kvgbv GLv‡b nxivi gZ
c„w_exi gvby‡li †hgb nq wVK †Zgwb| †ePvwi Ggb K_v †Zv Avgv‡`i mvwn‡Z¨ A‡bK c‡i ¯^”Q I ¯úó| †Kvb ivLXvK †bB †mLv‡b|
m~c©bLv| ive‡Yi †evb nIqvUv wK Zvi Aciva G‡m‡Q| GLv‡b †fvMev` ev †cÖgev`, †`nev` Zey ej‡Z nq KvgKvwj`‡n Ag„Z gš’b Zuvi
wQj bvwK? hw` j²‡Yi cÖwZ Zvi gb c‡o ev Amshg hvB _vK bv †Kb G‡Kev‡i wecøex Kv‡e¨i GKgvÎ cwiPq bq| †mLv‡b Av‡iv
Zvn‡j Zvi bvK †K‡U w`‡Z n‡e? j²Y cÖKvkB ejv P‡j| wKQz Av‡Q| GLv‡b †hŠe‡bi e›`bvi m‡½ gbb
†m †cÖg‡K †gv‡UB cQ›` K‡i bv| j²Y ga¨ I cÖvPxb hy‡M †h Dcv`v‡bi Afve Ges m‡e©vcwi GKwU my›`i Kj¨vYwPšÍvI mZZ
†mB e¨w³B bb, whwb fvB I åvZ…ea~i m‡½ Avgv‡`i Kve¨mvwnZ¨‡K GK‡c‡k K‡iwQj, KvR K‡i‡Q| GKUv AvZ¥wb‡e`‡bi QvqvI
e‡b Avm‡eb ev‡iv eQ‡ii Rb¨ G-Kvi‡Y ag©xq Ave‡n eÜ †i‡LwQj, ZviB cÖ_g we‡`ªvn KvR K‡i‡Q Zuvi KweZvq| wZwb ej‡QbÑ
ivRcÖvmv‡` †d‡j G‡m‡Qb m`¨ cwiYxZv †`Lv †Mj exiv½bvi bvix‡`i †fZi| Giv Avgv‡i msnwi jI Avcbvi gv‡S
Dwg©jv‡K| Zvici e‡b my›`ix mxZvi cv‡qi †Kvb hy× Rq Ki‡Z Pvqwb †Kej Av‡eM‡K †i‡Lv bv c„_K K‡i e„›`vKzÄe‡b|
w`‡K Qvov Avi †Kvbw`‡K gyL Zz‡j ZvKvbwb| Zvi e‡k ivLevi †Póv K‡iwb| mnR ¯úó wei‡ni Qj Kwi bUei mv‡R
gvbex m~c©bLv‡K j²Y eyS‡Z bv cvi‡jI I mZ¨ D”PviY| GKUv wecøe nj †h fv‡eB fzwćZ wgjb gay gwR‡j ¯^c‡b|
gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë eyS‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb| †nvK| gaym~`b eBwU DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb GLv‡b wU Gm Gwjq‡Ui Ck¦‡ii Kv‡Q
wZwb Rv‡bb j²Y fvjgvby‡li cÖwZwbwa Avi Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi‡K, whwb weaev‡`i we‡qi AvZ¥wb‡e`‡bi K_v g‡b c‡o|
m~c©bLv †cÖg ev cyiælvmw³i cÖZxK| GB MÖ‡š’ cÖ‡qvRbxqZvi K_v e‡j †m mgv‡Ri wKQz Dc‡iv³ KweZvi bvg åvwšÍ wejvm|
†`ªŠc`xi †cÖgI †ek PgrKvi fv‡e eY©bv cÖvPxb cwÊZ Ges mgvRkvm‡Ki weiv‡Mi Kve¨MÖš’ ¯^cb cmvix †_‡K Zy‡j †bIqv
K‡i‡Qb gaym~`b| †h †`ªŠc`xi ¯^vgx cuvPwU, KviY n‡qwQ‡jb| n‡q‡Q G wb‡e`‡bi evYx| Gici Av‡iKUz
ZviI wb‡Ri GKUv fvjjvMv g›`jvMv Av‡Q| gaym~`b cwiYZ gvb‡m hv Ki‡jb Mfxi K‡i ˆeòe KweZvi my‡i ej‡QbÑ
e¨vcviwU Afvebxq bqwK? ˆmq` Avjx Avnmvb iex›`ªbv‡_i Aíeq‡mi KweZvq ZviB I‡Mv `yLnxb myLj¤úU! myi‡Zi †KŠZzK
exiv½bv Kv‡e¨i mgv‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q QvqvcvZ NUj| c‡i Gme Kve¨ Zuvi wb‡RiI †Zvgv‡`wi e‡U †m jxjv if‡m bwn
e‡jbÑ Ôhw` †`ªŠc`xi GB Avmw³ bv _vK‡Zv cQ›` wQj bv| ZvB gvbmx ce© †_‡K iex›`ªbv_ Avwg DrmyK
Avgiv Zv‡K GKRb we‡klZ¡nxb weinKvZiv Gme cÖvq eR©b Ki‡jb, Rxe‡bi Ab¨ †mŠ›`‡h© †gvi KvgKjv †Kwj Djøvm
cZœxiƒ‡c †cZvg| ga¨ ev cªvPxb hyM †h Av‡eM wbgMœ n‡jb| Av`k© I iƒcbviv‡Yi Zx‡ii b‡n wgj‡bi wg_yb wejvm

31
Rxe‡bi mKj Kvgbv-evmbvi g~j †K›`ª †`n| †`nvZxZ †cÖg Ck¦i cÖ`Ë e¨vcvi| †mvbvi cv_i evwUi bvgvšÍi|
†`n‡K A¯^xKvi K‡i Kvgbv-evmbvi c~Y© iƒc gvby‡li Kv‡Q KíbvZxZ| ˆeòe c`vejx‡Z kªxivavi †`n Zuvi
†cÖwg‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z|
Avwg †h ea~‡i †Kv‡j K‡i Kuvw` wbweo Pz¤^b Zuvi gyg~ly©i m~PxKvfiY under the sky lives twice outliving his
hZ †nwi Zvi gyL| †b‡P I‡V mKj agbx| days|Õ
¯§iMij MÖ‡š’i ¯§iMij KweZvi gg©i gm„Y Zby ¯Íbfv‡i AbwgZ †gvwnZjvj wb‡RI GKevi Zuvi Kve¨
DׄwZ| GLv‡b †mB ˆeòe c`vejxi AvKzwZ Kvgbvi KíZiæ Kvqv GB Kwe¯^fv‡ei wewkó iƒcwUi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z
Ô`yuû †µv‡o `yuû Kuv‡` we‡”Q` fvweqÕ| wKsev †m iƒc †bnvwi Avwg †iŠ`ª`xß bxjv¤^‡i †P‡q‡Qb| Z‡e Zuvi KweZvq G gZev‡`i
ÔjvL jvL hyM wn‡q wnqv ivLyby/Zey wn‡q dzKvwie m„R‡bi Mvb| meUzKz †bB| AvswkK e¨vcvi jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|
Ryob bv †MjÕ| A_©vr G †`‡ni †cÖg KL‡bv Gici Avevi e‡jbÑ wZwb e‡jbÑ ÔwkwÿZ mf¨MY KZK¸‡jv
†`n‡Z cwimgvß bq| †gvwnZjvjI g‡b nq Avwg wm× bvMvR©b Rxe‡bi exYvh‡š¿ mKj m~² Kíbvi i‡½ i½xb n‡q I‡V| wKš‘ †mUv
ZLb Ggwb †Kvb fvebvq wePwjZ wQ‡jb| gyQ©bv evB‡ii †Qvc| GKUz AuvPov‡jB †mB wPišÍb
Zvici Avevi Av‡iK RvqMvq Avgiv †`LwQ nvwbqvwQ G‡e ZvB AvwmqvwQ Kwi‡Z AP©bv gvbeü`‡qi cvKv iOwU dz‡U †eiæ‡e| GRb¨B
†gvwnZjvj wKfv‡e ˆeòe Kwe‡K ¯§iY †Zvgv‡`i iwZivM `vI †gv‡i `vI Z¡iv Kwi g¨v_y Avb©ì Kv‡e¨i †fZ‡i Lye †ewk gvwR©Z
K‡i‡Qb Kve¨PP©v Ki‡Z wM‡qÑ Kvg`yNv myiwfi `y»aviv GB †gvi KicvÎ †mw›U‡g›U cQ›` Ki‡Zb bv| Zuvi gZ wQj †h
Avgvi wcwiwZ †`n ixwZ e‡U Zey †m †h fwi| me ü`qe„wË Lye Avw`g, mnR mij, wbZ¨Kvi
wecixZ Zvn‡j Kvg Zuvi PvB, †`nmyavI cÖ‡qvRb, RxebgvÎvq hv ¯^Ztù‚Z©, †mB¸wjB Kv‡e¨i
†fv‡Mi fe‡b Kuvw`‡Q Kvgbv wccvmv †gUv‡Z PvB bvixi †Vuv‡Ui myav| Gme Dcv`vb nIqv DwPZ| Avgvi gZI KZKUv
jvL jvL hy‡M AvuwL Ryov‡jv bv †c‡j Z‡eB m„R‡bi Mvb m¤¢e| Gici Av‡Q ZvB|Õ
†`‡ni gvSv‡i †`nvZxZ Kvi µ›`b msMxZ| †`n¯ú‡k©i myLvbyf‚wZi K_vÑ GB KZKUv k‡ãi wfZ‡iB me
GB µ›`b Zuv‡K evsjv‡`‡ki wPivqZ AÜ Avwg RvwM ZvB mvivivZ cik wcqv‡m wKQz Av‡Q| g¨v_y Avb©ì †mKv‡j KweZvi
Kve¨avivi m‡½ mshy³ K‡i| GKUv e¨wZµg kq‡b wkq‡i †gvi R¡‡j bv cÖ`xc mgv‡jvPbv K‡i weL¨vZ nb| Zuvi Rb¥ 1822
e‡U, Zey wZwb wPivq‡Zi F‡Y FYx| Gevi †nwi bvB gyL Zvi, eyK ïay euvwa evûcv‡k mv‡j Ges g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib †h eQi †gvwnZjvj
Zuvi Kve¨-mgv‡jvPK RxebxKvi nibv_ cvj A‡½ A‡½ wknwiqv †dv‡U jÿ bxc| Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib 1888 mv‡j| Zuv‡K
wK e‡j‡Qb †mUv †`L‡Z nqÑ ÔcÖK…Z cÖ¯Ív‡e K`gdz‡ji civM gv‡Lb kix‡i| ej‡ZI †KvjwiR I Gwjq‡Ui gvSLv‡bi me‡P‡q eo
wZwb wQ‡jb k~b¨ mvabvi we‡ivax| †mB wØav †bB Zvi| †evaKwi ZLbKviKv‡j GUvB mvwnZ¨-mgv‡jvPK ejv nq| KweZvi Ici
we‡`ªvn †cÖiYv nB‡ZB Zuvnvi Kve¨cÖvmv` wQj bZzb| iex›`ªbv_ hLb GKevi ÔS‡o hvq †h mgv‡jvPbv cÖeÜ wZwb iPbv K‡ib Zvi
Mwoqv DwVqv‡Q| Zuvnvi iƒcvbya¨vb, cÖK…wZ D‡o hvq †Mv Avgvi ey‡Ki AuvPjLvwbÕ iPbv bvg ÷vwW Ad †cv‡qwUª| G QvovI AmsL¨
m‡PZbZv, †cÖgvbyf‚wZ, RxebvbyivM, mK‡ji K‡iwQ‡jb wgkª cÖwZwµqvq ey‡Ki AuvPj‡K mgv‡jvPbv MÖš’ †j‡Lb mgvR I mvwnZ¨
g~‡jB k~b¨ev‡`i weiæ‡× AKzÉ I cÖej gy‡Li AuvPj Ki‡Z n‡qwQj| eyS‡Z Amyweav wb‡q| †m Kv‡ji hviv Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨‡K fvj
cÖwZev` jÿ¨ Kiv hvq|Õ †bB †mKv‡j A‡bK‡KB cvV‡Ki gy‡Li w`‡K K‡i eyS‡Z †P‡qwQ‡jb Zviv g¨v_y Avb©‡ìi
Zvn‡j †`n¨Z¥ev`x Kwe †gvwnZjv‡ji ZvwK‡q Kve¨ iPbv Ki‡Z nZ| mgv‡jvPbv cvV K‡ib Ges A‡b‡K †mB
e³e¨ wQj wK? Rxe‡bi mKj Kvgbv-evmbvi GKevi g„Zz¨‡kvK KweZvq †gvwnZjvj Av‡jv‡K Zuv‡`i Kve¨ MVb Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|
g~j †K›`ª †`n| †`nvZxZ †cÖg Ck¦i cÖ`Ë ej‡QbÑ wZwb wb‡RI GKRb eo Kwe wQ‡jb| Zuvi
e¨vcvi| †mvbvi cv_i evwUi bvgvšÍi| †`n‡K †Zvgvi mxgvq †PZbvi †kl g‡Z ÔwjUv‡iPi BR G wµwUwmRg Ad
A¯^xKvi K‡i Kvgbv-evmbvi c~Y© iƒc gvby‡li Zzwg Av‡Qv ZvB Av‡Q Kvj‡`k jvBd|Õ Kv‡RB mvwn‡Z¨i mgv‡jvPbv whwb
Kv‡Q KíbvZxZ| ˆeòe c`vejx‡Z kªxivavi `ytL my‡Li gnv cwi‡ek K‡ib wZwb Rxe‡bi mgv‡jvPbv K‡ib GB wQj
†`n Zuvi †cÖwg‡Ki Rb¨ wb‡ew`Z| MÖnY Ki †`njxjv Aemv‡b Zuvi AwfgZ|
Ges Rxeb mv_©K Ki Ggwb †Kvb e¨vcvi| hv _v‡K Zvnvi e„_v fvMvfvwM †gvwnZjvj hv Ki‡jb †mUv nj Avw`g
Zvici fvemw¤§j‡bi †h ce© †mLv‡b kªxivav `k©‡b weÁv‡b| cÖe„wËi mnR mij cÖKvk Zvi m‡½ wPivqZ
mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© Db¥vw`bx| Kíbvq evi evi Kv‡RB my›`ix bvix mvg‡b †i‡L hviv Kve¨ fvebvi DËivwaKvi| gvby‡li wPiKv‡ji
wcqv gyL P›`b `k©b| kZ kZ ågivi Zvb, `k©‡b me ivM AbyivM I Ávb †X‡j †`b Kvgbv-evmbvi m‡½ wg‡k‡Q fvi‡Zi `k©b I
†KvwK‡ji ie wKQzB Zv‡K †fvjv‡Z cv‡i bv| Zv‡`i cÖwZ wZwb Ggwb wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Ime cwð‡gi wPšÍv| mewKQzi †fZ‡i eo wKQzi
cjøxMÖv‡gi evwjKv †m Avevi Av‡iKR‡bi ¯¿x| weÁvb `k©b Ki‡Z cvivi g‡a¨ Rxebwccvmvi Kv‡Q wb‡e`‡bi Rb¨ mKvZi n‡q IVv| wZwb
Zvic‡iI †m Z…wlZ I ZvwcZ K…‡òi Rb¨| PwiZv_©Zv †bB| Av‡M †fvM Zvici `k©b| g¨v_y Avb©ì-Gi cvVK Avevi fvi‡Zi ˆeòe
G‡K wK Avgiv eZ©gv‡bi †jwW P¨vUvwj© eje? 1351 mv‡j kwbev‡ii wPwV‡Z GB g„Zz¨‡kvK Kv‡e¨iI GKwbô cvVK| Ggwb GK wgkª‡Y
K…ò Zuvi †`n Dc‡fvM K‡i‡Qb| W. Avng` KweZvi Av‡jvPbv †`Lv hvKÑ Ôg„Zz¨‡kvK wZwb hv iPbv K‡i‡Qb †mKv‡j †mUvB we‡kl
kixd ej‡Zb K…ò wQ‡jb †m-Kv‡ji †UwW eq KweZvq †gvwnZjvj †h †`ne›`bv K‡i‡Qb iƒ‡c wPwýZ n‡q‡Q| bvixe›`bvq wZwb KL‡bv
ev †jwW wKjvi| wZwb hvB †nvb †`n w`‡qB evsjv mvwn‡Z¨ Zv Awe¯§iYxq| †gvwnZjvj cÖvPxb Kve¨avivi ixwZ MÖnY K‡i‡QbÑ
†Zv me ïiæ n‡qwQj †mw`b| †`n _vK‡jB GB KweZvq †`n‡K ¯’vb w`‡q‡Qb †`eZvi †ni IB c‡_ Pwjqv‡Q bvix †hŠeb Db¥bv
Zvi R¡vjv _v‡K| EaŸ©‡jv‡K| fye‡bk¦‡ii PvB‡ZI bk¦i †`n Acv½ jvjmv‡jvj, wùZ nvwm ùzwi‡Q Aa‡i
†gvwnZjvj ej‡QbÑ Zuvi Kv‡Q †ewk evwÃZ| fMevb kvk¦Z, GK Aaxi gÄix Zey †kªvYxfv‡i AjmMgbv
AKvj mܨvi Kv‡j G‡m R‡b¥i mvabvq bv †nvK Rb¥Rb¥všÍ‡ii mvabvq em‡bi Z‡j `ywU ¯ÍbP~ov GL‡bv wkn‡i|
gZ©¨ cwiRvZ IB `yB Aai †kvwbZ-eiY wZwb jf¨| wKš‘ g‡Z©¨i iƒc‡iLvq GB †`n KweZvi bvg bvix‡¯ÍvÎ| MÖš’ ¯§iMij|
wccvmvi g„Z¨ mÄxebx GKevigvÎ iƒc cwiMÖn K‡i| For no man GLv‡b wKš‘ bvixi kix‡ii K_v Av‡Q| ü`q

32
†bB Ges Zvi Avi †Kvb ¸‡Yi K_vI †bB| Qwe, profound,
ÔAcv½ jvjmv‡jvjÕ GB bvix wb‡RI wK Rv‡b iƒcmx‡i K‡i c~Rv †cÖqmx‡i fvjev‡m Kwe| than stomach or throat or even
Zvi kixi KLb jvjmvi †K›`ªwe›`y nq| iƒc b‡n †mB im, iwZ b‡n †m ïay AviwZ the mind,
†`vlUv wK †mB bvixi bv Zvi MgK Pvj Ges g‡bi wbwk‡_ †m †h wPËvKv‡k Aciƒc redder than death more clamorous
AuvP‡ji wb‡P msiwÿZ j²xi gw›`i? †R¨vwZ| The hunger for the woman. Alas,
Avi GKevi †`‡ni †fZ‡i †`nvZxZ †m‡Zv b‡n †fvM cÖ‡qvRb, it is so deep a Moloch, ruthless
†`‡LbÑ †m bq cÖv‡Yi ¶zav, †cÖg †m‡Zv †`n cÙgay and strong,
†`n AiwY‡i gš’b Kwi jwf †h AwMœKYv Av¯^v`b| it is like the unutterable name of
†mB `n‡bi wgVv we‡l †gvi g`‡bi GKevi †m-Kv‡ji †fvMev`x Kwe the Lord
Avivabv| †Mvwe›`P›`ª `vm wjL‡QbÑ not to be spolen aloud,
KweZvwUi bvg ¯§iMij| Kve¨MÖš’I Avwg Zv‡i fvjevwm Aw¯’gvsmmn Yet there it is, the hunger which
ZvB| GB Kwe †`vjvPj wP‡Ë hv cvb Zv‡KB AvwgI bvixi iƒ‡c comes upon us
Avevi AwMœKYvi gZ Zxeª K‡ib| Av‡iK AvwgI gvs‡mi ¯‘‡c which we must learn to satify
mgv‡jvPK †mKv‡j Zuvi KweZvi e¨vL¨v K‡ib Kvgbvi Kgbxq †Kwj Kvwj`n with pure
Gfv‡e, ÔiƒcZvwš¿K †gvwnZjvj iƒcmvM‡ii IB K`©‡g IB c‡¼ real satisfaction.
Zx‡i ewmqvI hvnvi wbe„wËg~jK K…”Q«mvabvq IB †K¬‡` IB Kjs‡K KweZvwU eo Avwg wKQz Ask Zz‡j
iZ _v‡K Zvnvw`‡Mi †hgb waK…Z Kwiqv‡Qb Kvjxq bv‡Mi gZ myLx Anin w`jvg|
†Zgwb Zxeª Abv¯’v cÖKvk Kwiqv‡Qb cªe„wËi Avwg Zv‡i fvjevwm Aw¯’gvsmmn| wKsev aiv hvK G Kwei Av‡iKwU KweZv
Kvcyiæ‡lvwPZ RNb¨ †¯^”QvPv‡ii cÖwZ|Õ (Avgvi fvjevmv: †Mvwe›` PqwbKv) bvg hv Song of a man who is loved
†evanq iƒcbviv‡bi Zx‡i hviv AiƒciZb Kv‡RB †h K_v A‡bK Nywi‡q †cuwP‡q between her breasts is my home,
Avkv K‡ib Zv‡`i cÖwZ KUvÿ Av‡Q GB †Mvwe›`P›`ª wj‡L‡Qb †mB K_vB †gvwnZjvj between her breasts.
kwbev‡ii wPwVi mgv‡jvP‡Ki †jLvq| GKevi ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb Avevi KL‡bv cvkweK †mKv‡j Ggb KweZv GKwUB wQj bv|
gv‡b eªþPh© mvabvI bh Avevi cvkweK bv n‡q DVevi c‡ÿ hyw³ZK© Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb| g‡b co‡Q †K¬`R Kzmy‡gi K_v| Ges Av‡iv
†¯^”QvPviI bq| Bb weUzBb GKUv Ae¯’vq wZwb wK Zuvi Kve¨ fvebvq †mKv‡j Avi bvbv KweZv| †h †jLK Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨ cvV
_vK‡Z nq GKRb‡K mwZ¨Kv‡ii gvbyl n‡q KvD‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z †c‡iwQ‡jb? e›`xi K‡ib Ges Zv‡`i fvebvq hw` Zviv cÖfvweZ
_vK‡Z †M‡j| cÖe„wËi `vm bq Ges †fv‡Mi e›`bvq eyׇ`e emy ej‡QbÑ bv nb Zvn‡j wK K‡i e‡iY¨ Kwe n‡eb?
we‡ivwaZv bq| kwbev‡ii wPwVi we‡kl me GB †`n mZ¨ ïay, mZ¨ GB i‡³i wccvmv wK K‡i bZzb n‡eb| bZzb gv‡b Avb‡Kviv,
cÖeÜ †_‡K GUzKz eyS‡Z cviv hvq †mKv‡j ¯^cœ †h fvw½qv hvq fzj n‡q hvq fvjevmv ZvRv, ¯^v‡`-M‡Ü wQwc †Lvjv m¨v‡¤ú‡bi gZ
A_©vr 1927 mv‡ji c‡i wZwb Kve¨fvebvq `~‡i ZviKvi Z‡i `~iƒn `~ivkv D”Qj I †dwbj| Avi ZvB Zviv bZzb wKQz
†ek GKUz mvov G‡bwQ‡jb| bv n‡j GZ wKQz ÿwY‡Ki D‡ËRbv †mB RxY© cyivZb Pz¤^b Kievi `vwe Ki‡Z cv‡ib? wW GBP j‡i‡Ýi
†jLv nZ bv| †evaKwi †gvwnZjvj‡K e›`bv Av‡kø‡l g¨vwb‡d‡÷v KweZvi g‡jvL k‡ãi A_© †mB
ev cÖksmv K‡i Aj‡ÿ¨ iex›`ªbv_‡K GKUz ZvB `vI, ZvB `vI †gv‡i, Avcbv‡i Kwiqv wckvP Ck¦i hv‡K Lywk Ki‡Z GKmgq wkï
Avµg‡Yi †Póv, †mUv‡K AaywbKZvi jÿY wbt‡kl ewj †`Iqv nZ|
e‡j g‡b Kiv n‡q‡Q ZLb| wKš‘ iex›`ªbv_ Rvwb Zey Avi wKQz bvB gvby‡li myKzgvi fvebvq hv we‡ivax
wK AvaywbK bb? †gvwnZjvj †fvMevw`Zv wb‡q kixi me©¯^ Ze `vI Z‡e `vI †gv‡i ZvB †mB bvixkixi I Kvg wb‡q K_v DV‡j Ggb
wK ej‡Qb Gevi †`Lv hvKÑ Ôgvbylgv‡ÎiB c‡ii w`‡K eyׇ`‡ei GB †`‡ni cÖwZ GKUv kqZv‡bi Ck¦i A‡b‡Ki g‡b co‡Z
†fvM wccvmv Av‡Q| wKš‘ mK‡ji kw³ bvB, AvKl©Y Kg‡Z _v‡K, wZwb †Kej bvixi cv‡i| G Kvi‡Y ci¯úi we‡ivax wek¦v‡mi
mvnm bvB| ZvB Zvnviv me©cÖKvi bxPZv I fvjevmvq mwܯ’vcb K‡ib| bZzb wKQz Kivi KweZv| G-m‡ei †fZi w`‡q cÖevwnZ n‡q‡Q
kVZvi kiYvcbœ nq| ZvnvivB Aavwg©K| wPšÍv, †Mvwe›`ªP‡›`ªi KweZv, g¨v_y Avb©ì, wZwi‡kvËi KweZv| †m avivq †gvwnZjvj
ZvnvivB Rxe‡bi Aegvbbv K‡i| hk A_© iex›`ª-we‡ivwaZv, †hUvB KviY †nvK bv †Kb gRyg`vi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© ¯’vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Qb
ev cÖfzZ¡ hw` Kvg¨ nq Z‡e Zvnvi KíbvI †mKv‡j †gvwnZjvj †h wKQz cvVK, mgv‡jvPK m‡›`n †bB|
weivU nIqv PvB| Zvnv nB‡j †m Kvgbv gnr I Kwei g‡b bvov w`‡qwQ‡jb †m wel‡q †Kvb mv‡jnv †PŠayix Kwe, K_vmvwnwZ¨K
nB‡e| Rxeb‡K †h Ggb Kwiqv †fvM Kwi‡Z m‡›`n †bB| G QvovI wQj cwð‡gi mvwnZ¨,
cv‡i †m g„Zz¨‡KI Rq Kwi‡Z cv‡i| Zvnvi wU Gm GwjqU wW GBP j‡iÝ cÖgyL wekvj
Kvgbv †k‡l gZ©‡jvK QvovBqv hvq| cÖe„wËi e¨w³Z¡| Zv QvovI wQ‡jb kvj© †ev`‡jqvi ev
†eM hZB evwoqv hvq ZZB Bnvi BÜb †g‡j AvZz©i i¨v‡ev Ges Av‡iv A‡b‡K|
bv| ZLb †m Rxe‡bi †kl †`wL‡Z cvq| ZvB ZLb PjwQj wf‡±vwiqvb wcDwiUv‡bi mnvqK MÖš’
1. mvwnZ¨ m›`©kbÑ kªxkP›`ª `vk|
nvwmgy‡L g„Zz¨‡K eiY K‡i| Kvgbvi m‡½ m‡½ AvaywbK fvebvi Ø›Ø| we‡eKvb›`,
2. evsjv KweZvi KvjcwÄ, 1927-1989-
Lye eo Kíbvi †hvM PvB| bwn‡j kw³nxb iex›`ªbv_, gnvZ¥v MvÜx bvbvfv‡e gvby‡li m›`xcb `Ë
Kvgbvi gZ Awfkvc Avi wK Av‡Q|Õ (Rxeb fvebv‡K †i‡LwQ‡jb AwaKvi K‡i| †mB mgq 3. exiv½bv Kve¨Ñ gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë|
wRÁvmv: ebgg©i) eyׇ`e emy cvV K‡ib bvbv Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨| 4. Avkvi Qj‡b fywjÑ †Mvjvg gyiwk`|
Zvn‡j e¨vcviUv `uvov‡jv †fv‡Mi g‡a¨ hvK wW GBP j‡i‡Ýi KweZv g¨vwb‡d‡÷v‡Z 5. AvaywbK evsjv Kve¨ cwiPqÑ `xwß wÎcvVx|
w`‡q Avgv‡`i Z¨v‡Mi Av`k© AvqË Ki‡Z wK †jLv wQjÑ 6. mvwnZ¨ cÖm‡½Ñ mv‡jnv †PŠayix
n‡e| Av‡M KewRfi †L‡q bvI Zvici Z¨vM But then come another hunger 7. Kwe †gvwnZjvjÑ nibv_ cvj
Ki‡Z †kL| ZvB Kwei KweZvq Gevi Avm‡Q very deep and ravening 8. †Kvwjqvm© GbmvB‡K¬v‡cwWqv 2q LÊ|
Ggb wKQz PiYÑ the very bodys crying out 9. †gvwnZjv‡ji †kªô KweZv|
iƒc †h ¯^cb Zvi Kvgbvi ab bq, evmbvi with a hunger more frightening, more 10. wewfbœ cÎ-cwÎKvi cÖe‡Üi Askwe‡kl|

33
fvi‡Z me©Rbxb
C` Drme
bv ›Uz iv q
C` gv‡b Lywk| C` gv‡b Drme| Bmjvg a‡g© C` ag©xq Drm‡ei bvg C`-Dj-AvRnv ev †Kvievwb C`|
2wUÑ C`-Dj-wdZi I C`-Dj-AvRnv| C` Bmjvg Bmjv‡gi m~Pbv †_‡K G ag©xq Drme cvwjZ
ag©vej¤^x gvby‡li Drme n‡jI GLb me©Rbxb n‡q Avm‡Q| igRvb gv‡m (29 ev 30 w`b) †ivRv
Avb‡›`vrm‡ei w`b| GK gvm wmqvg mvabvi ci ivLv gymjgvb‡`i Rb¨ diR Z_v Aek¨ cvjbxq
AvZ¥ïw× I mshg cvj‡bi gva¨‡g Avjøvn I ivmy‡ji ag©xq Abykvmb Ges †ivRv †k‡l kvIqv‡ji cÖ_g w`b
(mv.) mš‘wó jv‡fi Rb¨ Dcevm cvj‡bi (cÖwZw`b C`Mv‡n wM‡q Rvgv‡Z `yB ivKvZ C‡`i bvgvR cov
my‡en mv‡`K †_‡K m~h©v¯Í ch©šÍ) †k‡l †h C` Av‡m IqvwRe|
ZviB bvg C`-Dj-wdZi| C`-Dj-wdZ‡ii w`b C`-Dj-wdZ‡ii cÖ_g I cÖ`vb kZ© n‡”Q
gymjgvbiv m~‡h©v`‡qi Av‡MB A_©vr dR‡ii bvgv‡Ri igRv‡bi cy‡iv GKgvm †ivRv ivLv| †ivRv Bmjv‡gi
ci ciB mœvb K‡i cyZ-cweÎ n‡q mva¨gZ bZzb 5wU diR Kv‡Ri Ab¨Zg| Z‡e †ivRv ïay Bmjv‡gi
RvgvKvco c‡i †mgvB ev wgóvbœ †L‡q C`Mv‡n hvq hyM †_‡K ïiæ n‡q‡Q Ggb bq| Gi m~Pbv c„w_exi
cÖ_g cyiæl nhiZ Av`g (Av.)-Gi hyM †_‡K| GgbwK
Agymwjg Rb‡MvôxI Dcevm cvjb K‡ib| nhiZ gymv
(Av.) 40w`b †ivRv ivLvi ci Avjøvncv‡Ki Iwn jv‡fi
†hvM¨Zv AR©b K‡iwQ‡jb| nhiZ Cmv (Av.)-Gi ci
†_‡K nhiZ †gvnv¤§` (mv.)-Gi mgq ch©šÍ AvBqv‡g
Rv‡nwjqv‡Zi hy‡MI Bûw`, wLª÷vb I gykwiKiv Zv‡`i
gZ K‡i †ivRv cvjb KiZ|
Aviwe kã C` gv‡b Drme| C` kãwU G‡m‡Q
Aviwe kã ID` ev cÖwZ`vb †_‡K| ag©xq `„wó‡KvY
†_‡K DrmewU LyeB Zvrch©c~Y©| Bmjvgx el©cwÄ
wnRwii beg gvm igRv‡b gvme¨vcx wmqvg mvabvi ci
kvIqvj gv‡mi cÖ_g w`‡b C` Av‡m| igRvb gv‡m
cweÎ †KviAvb bvwRj n‡qwQj|
fvi‡Zi wewfbœ iv‡R¨ we‡kl K‡i gymwjg Aay¨wlZ
ivR¨ Kvk¥xi, nvq`ªvev` cÖf…wZ ¯’v‡b C‡`vrm‡e wewfbœ
ai‡bi †gjv, Rjmv, ag©m‡¤§j‡bi Av‡qvRb Kiv
nq| fviZ eû RvwZ fvlv eY© ms¯‹…wZ Ges Drm‡ei
†`k| ˆewP‡Î¨i g‡a¨ H‡K¨i AbymÜvb fvi‡Zi
wPišÍb mvabv| fvi‡Z ZvB Lywki C` Drm‡ei i‡O
ewY©j n‡q gymjgvb‡`i Kv‡Q †Zv e‡UB, Ab¨vb¨ RvwZ
a‡g©i gvby‡li Kv‡QI Avb‡›`i evZ©v wb‡q Av‡m|
gymjgvb‡`i Lywk‡Z RvwZ-ag©wbwe©‡k‡l mevB mvwgj
C‡`i bvgvR co‡Z| C‡`i bvgvR LyeB cweÎ| abx- nq| fvi‡Z C` ZvB me©Rbxb| c„w_exi wØZxq e„nËg
`wi`ª, ivRv-cÖRv wbwe©‡k‡l mevB GK KvZv‡i `uvwo‡q gymwjg Rbeûj †`k fviZ| fvi‡Zi gymjgv‡biv †m
bvgvR Av`vq K‡i| bvgvR †k‡l mevB †KvjvKzwj †`‡ki e„nËg msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`vq Ges †`‡ki †gvU
K‡ib Ges ci¯úi-ci¯úi‡K C` †gveviK Rvbvb| RbmsL¨vi 12 kZvskB Zviv| Øv`k kZvãx‡Z fvi‡Z
wdZi A_© `vb igRvb gv‡m `wi`ª‡`i g‡a¨ `vb Kiv Bmjv‡gi AvMgb N‡U Ges gyNj‡`i c„ô‡cvlKZvq
nq| wdZi cÖ‡Z¨K gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK Ges fviZxq ms¯‹…wZi A½xf‚Z n‡Z ïiæ K‡i| fvi‡Zi
GKRb gymjgvb‡K 1.75 †KwR Mg I 3.5 †KwR evwj© msL¨vMwiô gymjgvb‡`i emevm Dˇi, Z‡e Ab¨ÎI
`wi`ª‡`i gv‡S weZiY Ki‡Z nq| hv‡Z ZvivI C‡`i D‡jøL‡hvM¨msL¨K gymjgvb evm K‡i| Zv‡`i HwZn¨
Avb‡›` mvwgj n‡Z cv‡i| gymjgvb‡`i Av‡iKwU fviZxq mvs¯‹„wZK A½‡b bZzb gvÎv †hvM K‡i‡Q|

34
 avivevwnK Dcb¨vm
cowk emZ K‡i
A g i wg Î

`k I c‡i n‡e `v`v, Av‡M KvMR w`b|

bv bv K_vUv n‡q hvK|
L‡Ïi Avm‡Q bv, `vjvj Avm‡Q| L‡Ïi bq `vjvj Avwg Ggb L‡Ïi Avbjvg Zvi cyi¯‹vi GB?
†dvb Ki‡Q| `vjvj wb‡R `iv`wi Ki‡Q| hZxb Avcwb wZb jvL †Kvb Kvi‡Y cv‡eb?
L‡Ïi‡K mvg‡b Avb‡Z ej‡j Pzc K‡i hv‡”Q| Gi GLb SMov bv `v`v, KvMR w`b, Iiv mvP© K‡i
wfZ‡i iv‡R¨k¦i gʇji m‡½ `yaKzgvi gʇji Lye wbK, Avwg DwKj wVK K‡i w`w”Q, Iiv `wjj wjwL‡q
Sv‡gjv n‡q †M‡Q GKw`b| `yaKzgvi GK L‡Ïi‡K wbK, evwo‡Z †iwR÷vi G‡b mBmey` †jb‡`b
wb‡q wM‡qwQj, iv‡R¨k¦i XzK‡Z †Zv †`qwb, †eRvq n‡e|
wLw¯Í K‡i Zvwo‡q‡Q| Zv wb‡q `yÕcÿB †dvb Kij| hZxb ejj, Avgvi IBUv PvB, Avgvi evwo
Zvici iv‡R¨k¦i ejj, †m cvKv L‡Ïi wb‡q hv‡”Q, †_‡K Avcwb †gvUv gybvdv Kiæb Avwg Zv PvB bv|
Am‡gi †mB †jvK ïay †m hv ej‡e Zv ïb‡Z n‡e Gme Kx n‡”Q `v`v? GLb SMov bv `v`v,
hZxb‡K| hv n‡”Q wVK n‡”Q|
Avcwb wK †eP‡eb bv?
KvMR w`b, Iiv mvP©
Zviv Gj e‡U| iv‡R¨k¦i ejj, ev‡iv jvL Qvov
n‡e bv| hZxb Pzc K‡i _vKj| Am‡gi †jvK‡K nu¨v †ePe, wKš‘ Avcbv‡K †ewk †c‡Z †`e bv| K‡i wbK, Avwg DwKj
†`‡L hZx‡bi fvj jvMj bv| cvwj‡q Avm‡Q| Avcwb Lye Lvivc Ki‡Qb| wVK K‡i w`w”Q, Iiv
GZw`b ILv‡b †L‡q c‡i Gevi Rw½i f‡q P‡j wVKB KiwQ| hZxb ejj, `vjvwj K‡i †dvK‡U
Avm‡Q? GLv‡b e‡mB bvwK Am‡gi m‡½ Kv‡Vi wZb jvL, Avgv‡K ZvB wg‡_¨ ej‡Z n‡e, Avwg wM‡q `wjj wjwL‡q wbK,
e¨emv Ki‡e †m| ejwQ bÕjvL, Avgvi nv‡Z e¨v¼WªvdU w`‡Z n‡e, evwo‡Z †iwR÷vi G‡b
hZxb WvKj ivR¨‡K cv‡ki N‡i, ejj, Zvici hv †`e Avwg cuvP `k ZvB †b‡eb|
KvMRcÎ †Ri· Av‡Q, wKš‘ ev‡iv jv‡L Avwg KZ Avwg hvw”Q `v`v| mBmey` †jb‡`b n‡e|
cve? hvb| hZxb ejj, Avgvi
bq, Avwg wZb, Uz‡qw›U dvBf cv‡m©›U, gybœv †Zv wKš‘ GUv fvj Ki‡jb bv, Avgvi †cÖw÷R
QÕjvL w`w”Qj! WvDb n‡q †Mj, Avwg e‡jwQ Avgvi Kv‡Q cvIqvi IBUv PvB, Avgvi evwo
hZxb ejj, bv Avgvi GMvi jvL Avwk PvB, †`Iqv Av‡Q| †_‡K Avcwb †gvUv
Avcwb Kzwo nvRvi cv‡eb| cvIqvi Ad A¨vUwb©?
iv‡R¨k¦i ejj, Zvi gv‡b? nu¨v, wKš‘ Avwg wg‡_¨ev`x n‡q hve mevi gybvdv Kiæb Avwg Zv
hv ejjvg ZvB| Kv‡Q| PvB bv|
35
 wg‡_¨ ejvi mgq g‡b _v‡K bv? Am‡gi †µZv‡K ejj, Avwg hvB, Avcwb
g„`y K‡É †h Avjvc Avi¤¢ n‡qwQj Zv K_v ejyb, Z‡e Avgvi cvIbvUv PvB, Uz‡qw›U
Avi g„`y _v‡K bv| ax‡i ax‡i Kɯ^i D”PMÖv‡g dvBf cv‡m©›U Ad `¨ †mj f¨vjy, bv n‡j
†cuŠ‡Q †h‡Z _v‡K| hZx‡bi Lye ivM GB evwoi `Lj cv‡eb bv|
†jvKUvi Dci| Zvi evwo‡Z Xz‡K c‡o evwo Am‡gi †jvK eySj †Mvjgv‡j c‡o‡Q|
†`wL‡q cqmv DcvR©b Ki‡Q| gybœv AšÍZ Ggb †Mvjgvj fiv evwo †m wKb‡Z hv‡e
`yÕAvovB nvRvi UvKv LiP K‡i‡Q AvZ¥xq- †Kb? weR‡bi m‡½ K_v KvUvKvwUi meUvB
¯^Rb wb‡q †ek K‡qKevi evwo †`Lvi Rb¨| ï‡b‡Q †m| †m bg¯‹vi Rvwb‡q D‡V †Mj|
hZxb AvR †jvKUv‡K evwo‡Z †d‡j Acgvb hZxb P›`bv‡K ejj, wVK K‡iwQ, wn BR Av
Ki‡e| ejj, evwo †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ KZ nj G KvjwcÖU, Avgvi evwo †eP‡e ev‡iv bv †Z‡iv
ch©šÍ, w`‡q hvI ivR¨evey| jv‡L, Avgv‡K †`‡e bÕjvL|
`v`v Avcbvi Kx n‡q‡Q? bÕjvL †Zv Zzwg Ggwb cv‡e bv, I
wKQz nqwb, Avgv‡K eyÜz †c‡qQ, Avgvi evwoi `vg nq AZ?
evwo †`Lv‡bvi Rb¨ Zzwg †`k‡kv-`y‡kv hZxb ejj, Avwg hv cvB cve, wKš‘ I
UvKvi wUwKU K‡iQ, gybœv KZ w`‡q‡Q? me †Kb BbKvg Ki‡e Avgvi evwo wb‡q| Ii
I‡K †diZ w`‡Z n‡e| e¨e¯’v Kiv n‡”Q|
`v`v Avwg Avcbvi evwo G‡mwQ| we‡K‡j `yaKzgvi Gj| welYœ gyL,
Avgvi evwo‡ZB †Zv ewW †d‡j AvQ ejj, `v`vevey, gybœv Lye KvbœvKvwU K‡i‡Q
RMrcy‡i, gybœv KZevi †`‡L‡Q evwo? e‡jB Avcwb AvMvg †bbwb ZvB, evwo wK I cv‡e
hZxb Zvi †gvevB‡j aij gybœv‡K, wR‡Ám bv?
Kij| `ytwLZ gybœv ejj, I ev` w`b mvi| †jvb wb‡Z hw` `k eQi nq Avwg evwo
KZevi ej‡e, Zvici I UvKv †diZ †i‡L †`e?
cv‡e| I hv cv‡i †`‡e, I‡K XzwK‡q w`b
†bwn mve, AvB A¨vg UªvBwqs Uz †MU w` evwo‡Z, hZw`b dzj †c‡g›U bv nq †iRw÷ª
†jvb| n‡e bv, I †dwgwjI Avb‡e bv|
Zzwg hv B‡”Q K‡iv, wKš‘ ivR¨‡K KZ gybœv e‡j‡Q?
w`‡qQ evwo †`Lvi Rb¨| n¨uv `vÕevey, e‡j‡Q gv‡m gv‡m UvKv
wZb nvRvi †nv‡e mvi, wek evi †`‡LwQ, †`‡e †jvb †kv‡ai gZ, †PK w`‡q †`‡e,
nvgvi †bvU Kiv Av‡Q Wv‡qwi‡Z, mve nvwg gv‡m gv‡m e¨v‡¼ †`‡eb Avcwb, wKw¯Í‡Z
GKUv †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ K_v ejwQ, †jvb w`‡e †b‡e|
ej‡Q| nq bv|
M¨viv›Uvi? Avgvi GB L‡Ïi Zvn‡j cv‡e bv?
jvM‡e bv, my`Uv †ewk n‡”Q| bv cv‡e bv| hZxb ejj, Ab¨ L‡Ïi
KZ? Av‡Q?
Uz cv‡m©›U cvi gvb&_ mvi Av‡Q, †m †Zv A‡bKw`b Avgv‡K
eQ‡i PweŸk? ej‡Q, Lye `ytLx gvbyl A_P KZ cvIqvi
B‡qm mvi| ivR¨Kv nuvwK‡q w`‡qwQj, Ii Kv‡Q wM‡qwQj
Zzwg g‡i hv‡e gybœv| evwoi Rb¨|
nvgvi I gKvb PvB mvi, I gKv‡b mwZ¨ gybœvi gZ †jvb bv †c‡q `ytLx?
f‡Mvqvb Av‡Q, nvwg Rvwb I gKv‡b XzK‡j bv `v`vevey, UvKv GK nv‡Z evwo Ab¨
nvgvi jvK wd‡i hv‡e| nv‡Z|
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ejj, gybœv‡K wZb nvRvi UvKv †diZ w`b| b›`xevey, cywj‡ki Awdmvi|
†Kv_v †_‡K †`e, †KbB-ev †`e, ïay hZxb ejj, bv n‡e bv|
†jvK Avb‡e Avi Avgv‡K `iRv Lyj‡Z †Kb n‡e bv?
n‡e| cywjk Avgvi cQ›` nq bv, fq jv‡M,
hv ejwQ ZvB K‡iv| Kx iKg †cUvq gvbyl‡K, fq †`wL‡q UvKv
Kie bv, Kx Ki‡eb? †bq|
Nvo a‡i †ei K‡i †`e evwo †_‡K| GK cqmvI †bq bv, wb‡`©vl‡K †cUvq
Avmyb bv, AvwgI hZ †K”Qv me e‡j bv|
hve, evwo †_‡K †e‡ive bv, Kx Ki‡eb? Kx K‡i Rvb‡j?
A¨vB †e‡iv GLvb †_‡K| Rvwb `vÕevey, Avgv‡K GKevi DwbB
ZLb P›`bv Xz‡K coj, wQ wQ wQ, Dwb Zz‡jwQj †bkv K‡i iv¯Ívq gvZjvwg KiwQjvg
evwo‡Z G‡m‡Qb, Ii m‡½ Ggb e¨envi ZvB|
Ki‡Z Av‡Q, emyb ivR¨evey, Avwg gvc †P‡q gv‡iwb Zz‡j wb‡q?
wbw”Q| iv‡R¨k¦i gv_v wbPz K‡i duzmwQj| bv `v`vevey, Z‡e gv‡i bv Kx, †Zgb
ax‡i ax‡i VvÊv nj| Zvici D‡V wfZ‡i Xz‡K n‡j nq, gv¯Ívb `v`v‡K a‡i †cUvq, Lye

36
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fvj KvR Ki‡e| n¨uv †evmevey|
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†Kb Avevi GKUv †Q‡j, †`‡n eo G evwo †`‡L wb‡q‡Qb †Zv?
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KvjB wb‡q Avwm, †dvb K‡i †`e| mvg‡b e‡m †_‡K †_‡K nVvr †L‡c I‡V, GB
Zzwg RMrcy‡i wb‡q Gm, Avwg hve, evwo‡Z ï‡bwQ fMevb Av‡Q|
evwo‡Z e‡m K_v n‡e| hZxb AevK n‡q hvw”Qj| Ggb `ytLx
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hvwe? †`e, Avwg Ggb gvbylB LyuRwQjvg †h Avgvi
cvwL ejj, hve| aywjni‡K †`L‡e, A‡bK kªg w`‡qwQ G evwoi
Zvn‡j Pj! wcQ‡b|
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†Kgb Av‡Q Zviv, †Zv‡K †h‡Z n‡e bv| _vKj ïay iv‡R¨k¦i| †m GZ mgq wb‡R‡K
cvwLi gb Lvivc n‡q †Mj| Zvici †P‡c †i‡LwQj, ejj, Avwg wK Ggwb w`‡q
fvej, ZvB fvj| †Kb hv‡e? evwoUv †i‡L †`e?
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cvÎ Avi cv‡eb bv mvi, Avi GKUv †Q‡ji bv|
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Bm! fve‡Z †M‡jB cvwLi me©v½ Ii evwo ey‡S †b‡eb Dwb|
Kuvc‡Q| gb Lvivc K‡i cvwL e‡m _vKj Zvi gv‡b?
Rvbvjvi av‡i| †Kvbw`bB Avi ïfeªZi wn BR Bb †cvwjm mvwf©m, Zzwg
mvB‡K‡ji wcQ‡b e‡m RMrcy‡i hvIqv cvi‡e?
n‡e bv Zvi| MMb gÊjI Avm‡e bv cÖ¯Íve iv‡R¨k¦i Pzc K‡i †Mj| GKUz ev‡`
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†djj cvwL| Zvi `yaKzgvi mvB‡K‡j IBiKg GKUv cvMjv †Q‡j Avgvi evwoi
†P‡c KjKvZv kni cvwo w`‡”Q GLb| mvg‡b _vK‡e `v`v?
bv‡MievRvi †_‡K P‡j hv‡”Q evwjM‡Ä, _vK‡e|
evwjMÄ †_‡K Kmev n‡q evBcvm w`‡q wd‡i Avwg ï‡bwQ I †i‡M †M‡j j¨vs‡Uv n‡q
Avm‡Q| cvwL g‡b g‡b ejj, fvjfv‡e hvq|

37
Avn& evev, †Zvgvi g‡b wK gvqv †bB| e‡j `yÕ†Pv‡L KUvÿ †n‡b mviv Xz‡j †Mj I evwo‡Z| †Q‡ji gv Pzc K‡i
Rvbvjvi av‡i e‡m we‡Kj †kl n‡q hvIqv †`LwQj| ANÖvb gvmUv eo gb Lvivc Kivq| mviv ZiZi K‡i
Dc‡i D‡V wM‡q WvK w`j, A¨vB Kwcj| Kwcj c¨v‡›Ui wRcvi †Lvjv Ae¯’vq Nyij, Kx?

hv‡e, fvj Kivi `vwqZ¡ †Zvgvi| Avq jvd †`, nvIqvq †f‡m hvwe, Avq jvd ivLj|
GUv wVK nj, Am‡gi †jvK Kx Ab¨vq †`| mviv Rv‡b Kwc‡ji gv GLb Avm‡e
K‡iwQj? †m GKw`b cÖvq jvwd‡q c‡owQj Avi bv| Kwc‡ji gv wK †Ui cvq bv? cvq| †Ui
hZxb Reve †`q bv| iv‡R¨k¦i AvPgKv Kx, ZLb mi¯^Zx G‡m `uvov‡bvq †_‡g †c‡qI Pzc K‡i _v‡K| mviv Pvcv Mjvq
hZx‡bi nvZ a‡i †djj, Avwg wKQz cve bv? wM‡qwQj| RofiZ n‡j Kx n‡e, hyeZx ejj, Kx Pvm?
Kx cv‡e, †dvK‡Ui chmvq Lye gRv, †g‡qgvbyl †`L‡j w¯’i n‡q hvq| iv‡R¨k¦i Pzgy|
gybœv‡K UvKv †diZ w`‡qQ? Rv‡b Zvi Wv‡K GKw`b IB †Q‡j nvIqvq Avi Agb Kiwe?
†Kb †`e, Ni Lyj‡Z nqwb Avgv‡K? wb‡R‡K fvwm‡q †`‡eB| bx‡P AvQ‡o c‡o bv|
Ni †Zv †LvjvB _v‡K| gv_v †d‡U gi‡e, bv gi‡jI givi gZ n‡q GUv mevi mvg‡b Lyjwe? mviv wRcvi
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iv‡R¨k¦i Avevi Pzc K‡i _vKj| PzcB cywjk G evwo‡Z Avi _vK‡e bv| Acqv n‡q bv|
K‡i †Mj| hZxb ejj, Pvwe `vI gvjcÎ hv hv‡e evwoUv| kqZv‡bi evwo n‡q hv‡e| †b Pzgy| e‡j mviv Kwc‡ji g¯Í ey‡Ki
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iv‡R¨k¦i Zvi wRwbmcÎ †ei K‡i Pvwe cv‡e| `Lj †m †b‡eB| Pvc w`‡Z w`‡Z ivOv n‡q DV‡Z _v‡K| Avi
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fuvR‡Q Zv hZxb †Ui cvw”Qj| †`Lv hv‡e| Dci †_‡K GKUv B‡Ui UzK‡iv Qz‡o w`j Zvi hvK, Zvi Kx Afve? Kwcj‡K fvj K‡i
wdiwQj hZxb wbwð‡šÍ| GK GKv w`‡K| Zvici c¨vi‡c‡Ui †iwj‡Oi duvK Zzj‡e †m| Zzj‡eB|
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mviv †ewi‡q G‡m ejj, wQ wQ gbv Agb nj|
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u`yM©v`vm‡K g‡b g‡b cÖYvg Kij, ejj, Zzwg evwo‡Z| †Q‡ji gv Pzc K‡i Rvbvjvi av‡i nu¨v Avcwb GKw`b Avmyb, †`L‡eb|
wQ‡j e‡j VvKz`©v Avwg euvPjvg| e‡m we‡Kj †kl n‡q hvIqv †`LwQj| ANÖvb hZxb ejj, GZw`‡b evwo Kivi GKUv
gvmUv eo gb Lvivc Kivq| gv‡b Luy‡R cvIqv †Mj, b›`xevey, IB a~wjni
GMv‡iv mviv ZiZi K‡i Dc‡i D‡V wM‡q WvK M‡o †Zvjvi GKUv gv‡b Luy‡R cvIqv †Mj
w`j, A¨vB Kwcj| b›`xevey, fvj _vKzb|
Kvwnbx †klB n‡q †h‡Z cviZ| wKš‘ nqwb| Kwcj c¨v‡›Ui wRcvi †Lvjv Ae¯’vq iv‡Z evwo wd‡i K_vUv Rvbv‡ZB cvwL
hZxb ax‡i ax‡i fz‡j hvw”Qj RMrcyi Nyij, Kx? ejj, Gevi Zvn‡j wb‡q Pj evev, Avgvi
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Ii‡d mi¯^ZxÑ mevi K_v| hZxb fz‡j †h‡Z Zvici GwM‡q †Mj| Sc K‡i Zvi nvZ †h m¨vi Avgv‡K covZ GBP.Gm-G|
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RM‡Z me wKQzB wb‡Ri gZ _v‡K, me MÖvg Kx? cvwLi GBP.Gm †kl n‡q dv÷© Bqvi
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S‡o, eb¨vq Zv †kl bv n‡q hvq| Kwcj †h‡Z †h‡Z ejj, †`‡e? GL‡bv †hvMv‡hvM Av‡Q bvwK?
eQi cªvq Nyi‡Z hv‡”Q, iv‡R¨k¦i gÊj †`e Avq| cvwL gv_v bvwg‡q wfZ‡i wfZ‡i
†Póv K‡i hv‡”Q| Ni †_‡K †e‡iv‡ZB Kwcj nvmj Ggb †Pv‡L hv †`‡L mvivi Kuvc‡Z jvMj|
ev‡ivdzU iv¯Ívi Icv‡ii cvKv `vjv‡bi Qv‡` eyS‡Z fzj nq bv, ejj, Pzc K_v ejwe bv|
Kwcj‡K †`L‡Z cvq †m| Zv‡K †`L‡jB Kwcj gv_v KvZ K‡i|
Qv‡`i c¨vi‡cU a‡i `uvovq| Kwcj| †b Avgv‡K ai| mgvß
iv‡R¨k¦i Zv‡K WvK †`q Pvcv Mjvq, Avq, Kwcj aij| G‡Kev‡i ¯Í‡bi Ici nvZ Agi wgÎ cwðge‡½i RbwcÖq K_vmvwnwZ¨K

38
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39
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wdiwQ‡jb! ÔMv‡qi ea~Õ Mvb‡K MYbv‡U¨i Avm‡i wbwl× Kiv nj, w`‡q †eu‡awQ Avgvi eo mv‡ai evmv/ †Zviv †`‡L hv‡iÕ|
m‡Z¨›`ªbv_ `‡Ëi Ôcvwéi MvbÕ cÖwZwµqvkxj †NvwlZ Av‡iKwU ÔcÖvšÍ‡ii Mvb Avgvi/ †g‡Vv my‡ii Mvb Avgvi/
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MYbv‡U¨ MvIqv †Zv hv‡eB bv eis GB ai‡bi MxZ kvwšÍwb‡KZ‡bi KZ©„cÿ Rvbv‡jb †h, mwjj †PŠayixi
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40
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I Kg Av‡jvwPZ Dcb¨vm| GUv‡K Zuvi †kªô Dcb¨vmI ejv BwZnvm cÖvq Awew”Qbœ †MŠi‡ei| Bs‡iR‡`i weiæ‡× hy×
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cv‡i| GLv‡b GK_v ejv hvq †h, kebg-G †jL‡Ki GKwU mvgªvR¨ev`x‡`i weiæ‡× jo‡Z Qv‡obwb| Zuvi cwiKíbv Avgvbyjøv‡K
e¨vcK Awfávi wecyj weKvk jÿ¨ Kiv hvq| G Dcb¨v‡m wQj e¨vcK mgvR-ms¯‹vi| ga¨hyMxq AvdMvwb¯Ív‡b wZwb
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mv_©KZv G R‡b¨ †h, kebg gyRZev Avjxi ÔAmvaviY cÖwZfvi cÖmvi Avi bvixgyw³| Zuvi Av`k© wQj Zzi‡¯‹i Kvgvj cvkv| ejj| ev”Pv-
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Av‡Q †gvnhy³ eY©gq ev¯ÍeZvi Qwe, GLv‡b ewY©Z †cÖg Mfxi KvwU‡q‡Qb wZwb| A‡bKUv ZuviB Av`‡j ˆmq` gyRZev bv‡gi GK
AZjvšÍ, Uªv‡RwW RwUj I A¯^w¯ÍKi| G Dcb¨v‡mi †klvsk Avjx kebg PwiÎwU wbg©vY K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi
Avgv‡`i D‡ØwjZ K‡i| AbymwÜrmy K‡i, hš¿Yvwe×I K‡i| mvgšÍ f~¯^vgx‡`i GKvsk Ges ag©vÜ †gvjøviv Avgvbyjøvi G
WvKvZ‡K
G Dcb¨v‡m ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi AmvaviY cÖwZfvmÿg ms¯‹vig~jK KvR I wPšÍvi cÖwZeÜK n‡q `uvovj| Zviv w`‡q Kvey‡ji
fvlvi Ici fi K‡i weKwkZ n‡q‡Q| myivBqvi Ae¸Ébgy³Zv †g‡b wbj bv| Avgvbyjøv‡K ÔKv‡diÕ wmsnvmb
ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi MÖ‡š’i msL¨v cÖvq cuwPkwU| wZwb Dcb¨vm ejj| ev”Pv-B-mvKv bv‡gi GK WvKvZ‡K w`‡q Kvey‡ji
wj‡L‡Qb †gvU PviwUÑ Awek¦vm¨ (1953), kebg (1961), wmsnvmb †_‡K Avgvbyjøv‡K weZvwoZ Kij Zviv| Avgvbyjøv †_‡K
kni-Bqvi (1969), I Zzjbvnxbv (1974)| Awek¦vm¨ mcwiev‡i e‡¤^ n‡q BZvwj‡Z Avkªq wb‡jb| AvdMvwb¯Ív‡bi Avgvbyjøv‡K
Dcb¨vmwU 1360 mv‡ji KvwZ©K-ˆPÎ ch©šÍ mvßvwnK †`k-G bvixgyw³ Avevi Zwj‡q †Mj †eviLvi AÜKv‡i| ˆmq`
avivevwnK cÖKvwkZ nq| lv‡Ui `k‡Ki †k‡li w`‡K IB gyRZev Avjx IB mg‡q wkÿ‡Ki KvR wb‡q Kvey‡j Ae¯’vb weZvwoZ
GKB cwÎKvq kni-Bqvi cÖKvk cvq| Avi 1960 mv‡j KiwQ‡jb| Avgvbyjøvi cZb, ev”Pvi mvgwiK ÿgZv `Lj, Kij Zviv|
kebg GKB cwÎKvq avivevwnKfv‡e cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj| ms¯‹v‡ii Kvi‡Y Zgmv”Qbœ †`‡k Av‡jvob, we‡`ªvn, M„nhy×Ñ
†jLK Awek¦vm¨ Dcb¨vmwU DrmM© K‡ib cÖg_bv_ wekx‡K| meB cÖZ¨ÿ K‡i‡Qb gyRZev Avjx| M„nhy‡×i Av¸‡bi AuvP Avgvbyjøv
kni-Bqvi cïcwZ Lvb‡K, Zzjbvnxbv Iqvjx‡K Avi kebg Zuvi Mv‡qI †j‡MwQj| Abvnv‡i, Aa©vnv‡i †KvbiK‡g cÖvY mcwiev‡i
DrmM© K‡ib ivR‡kLi emy‡K| nv‡Z K‡i wZwb †`‡k wd‡i Av‡mb| Kveyjev‡mi AwfÁZv
kebg Dcb¨v‡mi cUf~wg 1927-Õ30-Gi AvdMvwb¯Ívb| gyRZev Avjx‡K †`‡k we‡`‡k wjL‡Z AbycÖvwYZ K‡iwQj| e‡¤^ n‡q
†m mg‡q IB †`‡k Ggb GKRb Avgxi kvmK n‡qwQ‡jb, †`‡k we‡`‡k MÖ‡š’iB Dcmsnvi †hb kebg| Zuvi `yÕ‡Uv BZvwj‡Z
whwb wPšÍvq wQ‡jb cÖMwZev`x; wKš‘ ¯^f~wgi mvaviY RbM‡Yi MÖ‡š’ cv_©K¨ Av‡QÑ cÖ_gwU‡Z ev¯Íe AwfÁZv g~j DcKiY,
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K‡i i‡³i Ici w`‡q †nu‡U GB kvmK, huvi bvg Avgvbyjøv, wg‡kj| wb‡jb|
41
 kebg Dcb¨v‡mi bvqK ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi gZB KveyjcÖevmx cÖKvi ˆefe wb‡q Dcw¯’Z| Avi c`¨ Z_v KweZvmg~n †Zv
ZiæY evOvwj wkÿK| bvwqKv kebg abx m¤£všÍ †mbvcwZ Av‡QB| Dcb¨v‡mi Aa¨v‡q Aa¨v‡q bvbv cÖL¨vZ-AL¨vZ Kwei
AvIi½‡Re Lv‡bi GKgvÎ Kb¨v| keb‡gi Dwbk eQ‡ii KweZv ev KweZvsk ms‡hvwRZ n‡q‡Q| ZvB M‡`¨ †jLv GB
Rxe‡bi cÖ_g `keQi c¨vwi‡m †K‡U‡Q| Zvi wkÿv, gb Dcb¨vmwU co‡Z co‡Z cvV‡Ki g‡b GKwU ALÊ KweZv covi
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†h iƒcmx wkwÿZv I AvaywbKv| Kvey‡j ZLb ms¯‹v‡ii †XD| iex›`ªbv‡_i †k‡li KweZvi K_v g‡b cov ¯^vfvweK|
†gej, kebg c`©v gvbZ bv| G mg‡q evOvwj, ZiæY wkÿK gRby‡bi gyRZev Avjxi me Dcb¨vmB bvix cÖavb| cÖwZwU Dcb¨v‡m
wkcÖv Ges m‡½ AvdMvwb¯Ívwb ZiæYx keb‡gi cwiPq nq| c~e©ivM, †cÖg bvix Kvwnbx‡K‡›`ª `uvwo‡q Av‡Q| Zv‡`i B”Qv-Afxáv, Zv‡`i
†cwi‡q `yÕR‡bi we‡q nq| we‡q nq `yÕevi| cÖ_gevi †Mvc‡b, g‡bvPvwi묄 Gme wb‡qB gyRZev Avjxi Dcb¨vm RMr|
kebgÑ wØZxqevi mvgvwRKfv‡e| B‡Zvg‡a¨ ev”Pv Kveyj `Lj K‡i| Awek¦vm¨ cyiæl PwiÎ I-†iwji Zzjbvq bvix PwiÎ †gej-Gi
ˆmq` ev”Pvi GK †mbvcwZ Rvdi keb‡gi w`‡K †jv‡fi nvZ evovq| cÖvavb¨, Zzjbvnxbvq KxwZ© †PŠayixi Zzjbvq wkcÖv igigv| Avi
AvIi½‡Re Lv‡bi Avkv wQjÑ fviZxq bvMwiK‡K we‡q Kivi kebg Dcb¨vmwUB †Zv bvix-bvgxq|
gyRZev myev‡` Zuvi †g‡q weªwUk wj‡Mk‡bi mvnvh¨ cv‡e| KviY ZLb †gej, wkcÖv Ges kebgÑ ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx m„ó G wZbRb
Avjx m„ó fviZ weª‡U‡bi Dcwb‡ek| wKš‘ Zvi Av‡MB ev”Pvi †jv‡Kiv bvixi g‡a¨ wmœ»Zvq, †cÖ‡g, fv‡e I fvevjyZvq kebgB
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G wZbRb ¸wj K‡i kebg wbiæ‡Ïk n‡q hvq| me©Î †LuvRv nj, wKš‘ †`n-†mŠ›`h© I g‡bv‡mŠ›`h© A¼‡b †jLK `y`©všÍ `ÿZvi cwiPq
bvixi g‡a¨ kebg‡K Avi cvIqv †Mj bv| weinKvZi bvqK Db¥v‡`i gZ w`‡q‡Qb| †jLK keb‡gi AmvaviY ˆ`wnK †mŠ›`‡h©i cÖwZwU
mviv‡`k Ny‡i †eovj keb‡gi †Luv‡R| GK mgq bvqK gvbwmK w`K cy•Lvbycy•Lfv‡e dzwU‡q Zz‡j‡Qb| Zuvi wbcyY Zzwj‡Z
wmœ»Zvq, fvimvg¨ nvwi‡q †djj| GB `ytmg‡q Zv‡K m½ I mvš—¡bv w`‡jb †cÖ‡gi ¯úk©| gyRZev Avjxi G eY©bv ms¯‹…Z ev ˆeòeKve¨
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fvevjyZvq g~wZ© a‡i bvq‡Ki AšÍP©‡ÿ †f‡m DVj| AšÍR©M‡ZB Df‡qi Puv` nq Puvcv e‡Y©i, Gi KcvjwU GK`g cvMgvb cvnv‡oi
Avevi wgjb njÑ mwZ¨Kv‡ii wgjb| ei‡di gZB aea‡e mv`v...| eb gwjøKvi cvcwoi
kebgB ˆmq` gyRZev Avjx kebg Dcb¨v‡m keb‡gi g‡a¨ GKwU gZ...|
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AmvaviY cwiKvVv‡gv cÖ_g †_‡KB †jLK †hfv‡e wbg©vY K‡i G‡m‡Qb a‡i ZvKvjyg, Zey eyS‡Z cvijyg bv meyR bv bxj|Õ
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wbcyYZvq n‡q‡Q eBwUi †klvs‡ki `vk©wbKZv eBwUi `ye©j ¯’vb| w`bivZ Zvi KweZvi m‡½B emevm| hLb ZLb †m KweZv
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cybwg©jb wb‡q keb‡gi m¤ú~Y©Zv| Z‡e wZbwU L‡Êi †Kvb ivR‰bwZK nvbvnvwb, wec`, gvwjb¨ kebg‡K ¯úk© Ki‡Z cv‡i
kebg‡K wk‡ivbvg †bB| cÖ_g L‡Ê cuvPwU, wØZxq L‡Ê AvUwU, Z…Zxq L‡Ê bv| bvqK Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡QÑ Ôkeb‡gi Kv‡Q Kíbv ev¯Í‡e
Gu‡K‡Qb| mvZwU Aa¨vq Av‡Q| GB wekwU Aa¨v‡q `yÕRb ZiæY ZiæYxi †Kvb Zdvr wQj bv|Õ
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Zvi Av‡Q| W. Gbvgyj nK cÖ_g LÊ wel‡q wj‡L‡QbÑ ÔAvwg hvqÑ Zvi cÖK…wZ †Kvg‡j-K‡Vv‡i †gkv‡bv| ev”Pvi Kveyj
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ev bv _vKzK, evsjvi ˆeòe‡`i fvlvq Bnv‡K, Ôc~e©ivM-LÊÕ bv| AvIi½‡R‡ei Kb¨v kebg d¨vkb-`yi¯Í n¨vÛe¨v‡M wc¯Íj
I bv‡g wPwýZ Kwi‡j Bnvi welqe¯‘ I Zvrch© m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c cwiùzU wb‡q †Nv‡i| wec‡`i †eovRvj †cwi‡q †cÖwgK ev ¯^vgxi Kv‡Q
g‡bv‡mŠ›`h© nBqv DwV‡e|Õ Awfmv‡i †h‡Z †m GK ai‡bi Zxeª Avb›` Abyfe K‡i wb‡Ri
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`ÿZvi eY©‰ef‡e D¾¡j n‡q D‡V‡Q| ZvB Gbvgyj nK G L‡Êi bvg Ôkebg †Kv_vq †Mj? †m Kx Avi wd‡i Avm‡e bv?Õ G iKg
cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Ô†cÖg LÊÕ| wZwb wj‡L‡QbÑ Ô†cÖ‡gi hveZxq ˆewkó¨ cÖkœRvMvwbqv Dcb¨vm evsjvmvwn‡Z¨ Lye †ewk †bB| Avm‡j
w`‡q‡Qb| I Awfe¨w³ †hgb `nb, `vnb, Awfgvb, Awfmvi, wgjbÑ meB keb‡gi g‡a¨ wØZxq Av‡iKwU Dcb¨v‡mi exR wbwnZ Av‡Q|
G L‡Ê iƒcjvf Kwiqv Bnvi cwiYwZi cÖwZ bxi‡e Bw½Z `vb †mB wØZxq Dcb¨v‡mi welqe¯‘ n‡Z cviZ ag© I mgv‡Ri
†jLK Kwi‡Z‡Q| myZivs Avwg wbtm‡¼v‡PB GB LʇK Ô†cÖg-LÊÕ iƒ‡c RwUjZv, wewfbœ †Mvôxi g‡a¨ ivR‰bwZK Uvbvc‡ob, n‡Z
keb‡gi wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvwi|Õ cviZ iÿYkxj ebvg cÖMwZkxj‡`i Ø›Ø, n‡Z cviZ bvixev`x
Z…Zxq L‡Ê kebg bvqK‡K D‡Ïk¨ K‡i e‡jÑ ÔZzwg Avgvi †PZbv-welqK bvbv mgm¨v-mgvavb| wKš‘ Zv wKQzB nqwb| wZwb
AmvaviY wgj‡b Af¨¯Í n‡q †h‡qv bv|Õ G ev‡K¨i cÖwZwU kãB Avgv‡`i Dcb¨vm †k‡l wj‡LwQ‡jbÑ ÔZvgvg b ï`Õ A_©vr Ômgvß nj
ˆ`wnK cwiwPZ| wKš‘ cwiwPZ kãmgwó w`‡q evK¨wU hLb ˆZwi n‡q bvÕ| cvV‡Ki g‡b AZ…wßi GK `xN©k¦v‡mi mÂvi K‡i cvKv
hvq, ZLb Zvi fvienb ÿgZv, fve cÖKvkb ÿgZv eû¸‡Y †e‡o wkíxi gZ wZwb m‡i c‡o‡Qb|
†mŠ›`‡h©i hvq| gvbyl wei‡n Af¨¯Í nq, wKš‘ Ôwgj‡b Af¨¯ÍÕ kãmgwó Øviv ˆmq` gyRZev Avjxi wePiY‡ÿÎ we¯Í…Z, AvMÖn `~i we¯Ívix|
cÖwZwU w`K Jcb¨vwmK GK we‡kl Rxebv`k©‡K Dcw¯’Z Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb Zuvi wPšÍv RxebiwmKZvq wm³| ig¨ mvwnZ¨ †_‡K wZwb igYxq
GLv‡b| Avi Zv njÑ wgj‡b wei‡ni †e`bv Av¯^v`b Kiv| mvwnZ¨ m„wó K‡i‡Qb| kebg GK Abycg Rxebc`¨| ˆmq`
cy•Lvbycy•L- kebg Dcb¨vmwU‡K m¤ú~Y© GKwU wjwiK KweZv ej‡j fzj n‡e gyRZev Avjx weµq-jÿ¨cÖavb Dcb¨vm †j‡Lbwb| keb‡g
fv‡e dzwU‡q bv| wZb L‡Êi wek Aa¨vq Ry‡o 160c„ôve¨vcx ˆmq` gyRZev †`kKv‡ji we‡kl wPý _vK‡jI †kl ch©šÍ Zv †`kKvjvZxZ
Avjx †hb GKwUgvÎ KweZv wj‡L‡Qb| G K_v ejvi KviY gvbeK_v n‡q DV‡Z †c‡i‡Q|
Zz‡j‡Qb| GB †h, G Dcb¨v‡mi M‡`¨i kix‡i c‡`¨i Q›` Zvi mKj nwiksKi Rj`vm wkÿvwe`, cÖvewÜK

42
wk‡ei ZvÊe b„Z¨
iv av K… ò iv I
wPZv¤^ig| †jvKkÖæwZ Av‡Q, GK`v ga¨vbvw`b Fwli cyÎ wZjøvB R½‡ji
g‡a¨ KjvMv‡Qi Zjvq ¯^q¤fz GK wkewj½ †`L‡Z †c‡q fMev‡bi
Kv‡Q cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb †h, dzj †_‡K †gŠgvwQ gay Lvevi Av‡MB
wZwb †hb †mB dzj Zvi Pi‡Y wb‡e`b Ki‡Z cv‡ib Avi †mRb¨ Mv‡Q
Povi R‡b¨ wZwb †hb ev‡Ni cv jvf K‡ib| Zuvi cÖv_©bv c~iY nj, wZwb
e¨vNÖc‡`i AwaKvix n‡jb|
wKfv‡e wke wP`v¤^i‡g Zuvi cÖ_g b„Z¨ cÖ`k©b K‡ib ZviI GKwU
Abycg Kvwnbx i‡q‡Q| wn›`y `k©b m„wó w¯’wZ cÖjq-Gi Z…Zxq kw³
cÖj‡qi cÖZxK n‡jb wÎbqb wke| GKevi Áv‡bi AnwgKvq D×Z
n‡q `viæKveb‡gi mvay‡`i DwPZ wkÿv w`‡Z PvB‡jb wke| wf¶z‡Ki
†e‡k †gvwnbxiƒcx weòz‡K wb‡q wke `viæKveb‡g †M‡jb| FwlcZœxiv
Zuv‡`i iƒ‡c †cÖggy» n‡jb| cZœx‡`i G e¨env‡i Fwliv µz× n‡jb|
Cl©vi ekeZ©x n‡q FwlMY H `¤úwZ‡K aŸsm Kivi †Póv
K‡ib| Zuviv hÁ ïiæ Ki‡jb Ges †mB hÁvwMœ †_‡K
GKwU evN wk‡ei Ici Suvwc‡q coj| wke †mB
ev‡Ni Pvgov wQu‡o †Kvg‡i Rwo‡q wb‡jb| Gi c‡i
Fwliv wk‡ei weiæ‡× GK evgb‡K cvVv‡jb| wke
Zv‡K mn‡RB ea Ki‡jb| Ae‡k‡l Fwliv civRq
¯^xKvi Ki‡jb| Gici ïiæ nj wk‡ei ZvÊe b„Z¨ hv
mg¯Í †`e-†`ex Ges gywbFwliv cÖvY f‡i Ae‡jvKb
wk‡ei gnvRvMwZK b„‡Z¨i wPÎY bUiv‡Ri cÖwZg~wZ© mgMÖ we‡k¦i Ki‡jb|
wkíKjv we`» I b„Z¨‡cÖgx‡`i Kv‡Q LyeB RbwcÖq| b„‡Z¨i Hk¦wiK Gw`‡K weòzi mc© Avw`‡kl weòzi Kv‡Q wk‡ei
Avw`cyiæl bUivR fviZxq gbb‡K kZvãxi ci kZvãx a‡i Avweó b„‡Z¨i eY©bv ï‡b Zv †`L‡Z AvMÖnx n‡jb Ges wk‡ei
K‡i‡Q| fviZxq Kjv I wkí cwic~Y© n‡q‡Q b„‡Z¨i m„Rbkxj D™¢veK Kv‡Q H b„Z¨ †`Lvi evqbv ai‡jb| wke ej‡jb,
bUiv‡Ri wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖ`wk©Z I wbLuyZfv‡e Dc¯’vwcZ b„‡Z¨i wZwb wZjøvB‡q b„Z¨ cÖ`k©b Ki‡eb| Avw`‡kl
Ave‡n| `wÿYfviZxq ivR¨ ZvwgjbvWz‡Z bUivR‡K DrmM© K‡i eû Rb¥ wb‡jb cZÄwj wn‡m‡e Ges wZjøvB‡qi R½‡j
gw›`i I Dcvmbv¯’j ˆZwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| bUivR gw›`i¸wji g‡a¨ e¨vNÖc‡`i m‡½ Zuvi †`Lv nj| Df‡qB wk‡ei c~Rv
me‡P‡q cªYg¨ nj wP`v¤^i‡gi wekvjKvq gw›`i, †hLv‡b wke ZvÊe b„Z¨ Ki‡Z jvM‡jb| wke hLb H `yB f‡³i Kv‡Q b„Z¨
cÖ`k©b K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| †PbœvB †_‡K 200 wK‡jvwgUvi cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ G‡jb, ZLb H RvqMvi Kzj‡`ex
`~‡i Aew¯’Z G bUivR gw›`i KbKmfv bv‡gI cwiwPZ hvi m‡½ f`ªKvjx wke‡K b„Z¨ Ki‡Z eviY Ki‡jb| w¯’i
RwoZ i‡q‡Q †`‡ki Kjvwkí ms¯‹…wZ ¯’vcZ¨ Ges wn›`y Ava¨vwZ¥K nj wke I Kvjx Df‡qB b„Z¨ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq
HwZn¨| Zvwgjbvo–i cuvPwU cweÎ b„Z¨iZ wk‡ei gw›`‡ii Ab¨Zg nj AeZxY© n‡eb Ges whwb weRqx n‡eb, wZwb H
wP`v¤^ig| GLv‡b bUiv‡Ri †e¨vg Ges Ab¨ Pvi RvqMvq KvÂxcyi‡g RvqMvi AwaKvi cv‡eb|
wÿwZ, wZiæfvbvBKwj‡Z Ac, wZiæfvbœvgvjvB‡q †ZR Ges KvjvnvwʇZ wke Zuvi f³‡`i mvg‡b Avb›` ZvÊe cÖ`k©b
giær cÖKvwkZ nq| wn›`y Ava¨vwZ¥K HwZ‡n¨i G cuvPwU †gŠwjK Dcv`vb K‡ib Ges Kvjx‡K civwRZ K‡i wZjøvB‡qi
cÂf‚Z wn‡m‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q hv cÖv‡Yi cÖavb Dcv`vb| AwaKvix nb|
wP`v¤^i‡gi bUivR gw›`i‡K cbvgevjvg A_©vr ¯^Y©vjx gw›`i Ges gv`yyivB‡qi gxbvÿx my›`‡ik¦ix gw›`‡i
KbKmfv wn‡m‡e eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q| bUiv‡Ri g~wZ©i wcQ‡b, c`©v bUiv‡Ri GKwU gw›`i Av‡Q| G gw›`i‡K
w`‡q Avjv`v K‡i ivLv AvKvkwj½Ñ cÖwm× wP`v¤^i‡gi wbM~p AvKvk| ejv nq iRZmfv A_©vr iƒ‡cvi Kÿ| GLv‡b
AvKvkwj‡½i gw›`i‡K ejv nq wPZmfv| KbKmfv nj wPZmfvi m¤§yL bUiv‡Ri g~wZ©wU Wvb cv‡qi Ici fi w`‡q
Abyc~iK| GwU H cv_‡ii Ici Kv‡Vi `iRvmn ˆZwi GKwU †QvÆ `uvwo‡q Av‡Q|
†`Dwo| KzÎvjv‡gi wke gw›`‡i bUivR‡K
b„Z¨mfv nj †mŠ›`h©‡evam¤úbœ ˆkjxi wkíxmyjf wbg©vY KvVv‡gv| wPZmfvq cÖvY¯ú›`‡b cwic~Y© wÎcyiv ZvÊe
G †mŠawU Kz‡jv_y½v †Pvj ˆZwi K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j g‡b Kiv nq Ges cÖ`k©b Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| †PbœvB‡qi Kv‡Q
GLv‡b fMevb bUiv‡Ri wewfbœ fve I gy`ªvmsewjZ 56wU ¯Í¤¢ i‡q‡Q| gnvejxcyi‡gi ˆKjvkbv_ gw›`‡i bUiv‡Ri
ev¯ÍweKB wP`v¤^ig gw›`i b„Z¨Kjvi GK cÖavb ¯’vb †hLv‡b bUiv‡Ri AMY¨ b„Z¨Kjv cÖ`k©‡bi ˆkjx †`Lv
g~wZ© weivRgvb| bUivR GLv‡b `uvwo‡q i‡q‡Qb b„Z¨Kjvi cÖZxK hvq|
wn‡m‡e|
bUivR g~wZ©i Zvrch© D”P¯Í‡ii Ava¨vwZ¥K A_© enb K‡iÑ Wvb
nv‡Z a‡i _vKv W¤^iæ we‡k¦i ÎvY I myiÿvi cÖZxK| KwU‡`k Pvgov m~Î fviZ cÖm½
w`‡q Rwo‡q ivLvi A_© AnsKv‡ii webvk| AwbóKvix evgb‡K Wvb ivavK…ò ivI
cv‡q wc‡l gviv Aïfi civR‡qi cÖwZdjb| cªvPxbKv‡j wP`v¤^ig fvi‡Zi wd«jvÝ †jLK
wewfbœ bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj †hgb wZjvB †cbœvevjvg, e¨vNÖcyig Ges

43
myKzgvi iv‡qi
jwRK
wg wn i P µ e Z©x
jwR‡Ki `yÕwU Ask, GKwU fvlv wb‡q Avi GKwU A_© wb‡q| fvlvMZ evav Av‡m| ÔKzg‡ovcUvmÕ kãwU Avi Zvi m‡½i QwewU wg‡j GKwU
As‡ki Avevi `yÕwU DcAskÑ eY©gvjv, kã I evK¨MV‡bi GKwU fvM ev¯ÍeZvi m„wó nq hv‡K Avi Gov‡bv hvq bv| Ggb K_v mvaviYfv‡eB
Ges wm×všÍ wbg©vY-cÖwµqvi Ab¨wU| ïay MvVwbK (structural) w`K w`‡q ejv hvq| VvKzigvi Szwj‡Z e¨½gv-e¨v½gx Avi Zv‡`i bxj bxj Qwe¸wj|
†`L‡j wm×všÍ wbg©vY ej‡Z †evSvq KZ¸wj cÖv_wgK evK¨ †_‡K †Kvb Abyiƒcfv‡e R¨vwgwZi †U·U-G e„‡Ëi msÁv Ges Zvi wPÎ, ciïiv‡gi
mxgve× hvwš¿K cÖwµqv AbymiY K‡i Ab¨ GKwU ev‡K¨ †cuŠQbÑ hv‡K ejv iPbvq Kvô‡KŠcxb Ges Zvi wPÎ| wPÎ GLv‡b Avewk¨K|
nq wm×všÍ-evK¨| GB cÖwµqv GKwU †Ljvi gZ, wKQz wbqg †g‡b wb‡q †mBgZB Q›`-Qvov n‡j wKQz iPbv n‡qI I‡V bv| Ggb Ams‡L¨i
mÂjb, †h Pjvi †Kvb A_© †LuvRv nq bv| my-wm×všÍ A_ev Kz-wm×všÍ n‡”Q GKwUÑ
wKbv GB gvbm~PK Av‡jvPbv n‡Z cv‡i †KvbiKg `„wóf½x MÖnY Ki‡j ÔnvmwQ †Kb †KD Rv‡b bv, cv‡”Q nvwm nvmwQ ZvB|Õ A_ev Ô_yiZz‡i
Z‡eB| jwR‡Ki A_©MZ Ask †_‡K GB `„wóf½x Av‡m, A_ev `„wóf½x eywo Zvi SziSz‡i evwo|Õ
†_‡KB A_© ˆZwi nq| K¬vwmKvj jwRK g‡b K‡i †mB wm×všÍwbg©vY- Amvgvb¨! Zey Avwg nq‡Zv Av‡iv GKUz Lywk nZvg hw` wØZxqwU
cÖwµqvB Avgiv MMÖvn¨ Kie, hvi d‡j mZ¨ cÖv_wgK evK¨mg~n †_‡K mZ¨ Ggwb nZÑ
wm×všÍ-ev‡K¨B ïay DcbxZ nIqv hvq| Aek¨ ÔmZ¨Õ Kv‡K e‡j A_ev _yÌy‡i eywo Zvi SzS&Sz‡i evwo|
Zv mnRjf¨ ev Av‡`Š jf¨ wKbv Zv wb‡q weZK© P‡j; G weZK© †Kvbw`b †m hvB †nvK| Q›` GLv‡b Avewk¨K| hw`I AvKl©Yxq M`¨ iPbvI
†kl n‡e e‡j g‡bI nq bv| Av‡Q, Zey GK_v †f‡e †`Lvi gZ, †Kb †KŠZzK m„wó‡Z ÔAm¤¢eÕ Q‡›`i
GKwU K_v GB ÿ‡YB e‡j ivLv fvj| K¬vwmKvj jwR‡Ki wbg©vY- g‡a¨B fvlv cvq|
cÖwµqv GgbB †h †Kvb mym½MZ (consistent) cÖv_wgK-evK¨ †_‡K kã-fvlvi †ÿ‡Î g~jZ Aek¨ evsjv kã e¨eüZ n‡jI, KL‡bv
ci¯úiwe‡ivax wm×všÍ-ev‡K¨ †cuŠQ‡bv hvq bv| GB jwRK Ges Zvi KL‡bv cvIqv hvq GiKgIÑ
Dci wfwË K‡i ˆZwi K¬vwmKvj MwYZ ¯^we‡ivax wm×všÍKiY‡K A_©nxb ÔwPgwb-PvUv fu¨vcmv-gy‡Lv fu¨vcv‡U|Õ
Acwµqv e‡j g‡b K‡i, e¯‘Z GB cwiw¯’wZ‡K Zviv fqB K‡i Ges A_ev, Ô†`L‡e ZLb wQw¤^ Q¨vOv PcvwU|Õ
mva¨gZ Gwo‡q hvq| Ô¯^we‡ivax wm×všÍ MVbÕ Ges Ô†h †Kvb wm×všÍB Awfavb ewnf©~Z kã¸wj, eis eje, aŸwb¸wj cÖwZ‡ekx kã I
Pj‡Z cv‡iÕ GB `yB cwiw¯’wZ‡K cyi‡bv jwRK mg‡Mv‡Îi g‡b K‡i evK¨e‡Üi cwi‡e‡k †hb evsjv evsjv gZ n‡q I‡V Ges ÔA_©Õ cvq|
_v‡K| A‡bK jwRKB Zv K‡i bv| ¯^we‡ivwaZv‡K ¯^vfvweK K‡i †Zvjv GQvov, myMwVZ evsjv kã w`‡qI Ggb evK¨ MVb m¤¢e hvi †Kvb
bb‡mÝ iPbv‰kjxi Ab¨Zg ixwZ| ¯^vfvweK A_© cvIqv hvq bv| †hgb GB evK¨wUÑ
myKzgvi iv‡qi Av‡jvPbv cÖm‡½ Avwg g~jZ Zuvi Ôbb‡mÝÕ iPbv¸wji Ôeyw×gvb †QvU eo e„˸wj evMweZÊvq K¬všÍ
AšÍwb©wnZ ÔjwRKÕ †LuvRviB †Póv Kie| mg‡qi †cÖwÿZ A_ev b¨vq- n‡q wb`ªvgMœ Ae¯’vq myMÜgq w`ev¯^cœ †`LwQj|Õ
Ab¨vq, ïf-Aïf wePvi BZ¨vw` Avgv‡`i cwiwai evB‡i _vK‡e| GwU myKzgvi iv‡qi iPbvi bq| Z‡e Abyiƒc evK¨ Zuvi iPbvq
G RvZxq †jLv¸wji fvlvMV‡bi Dcv`vb cÖavbZ wZbwU, cÖ_gZ AvKQvi Qwo‡q Av‡Q| Ônj‡` meyR Iivs IUvsÕ ¯§iYxq| e¯‘Z Ggb
evsjv fvlvi cÖPwjZ kãvejx, wØZxqZ Q›` I Z…ZxqZ Qwe| Avwg Q›` I ev‡K¨i wbcyY e¨envi Zuvi iPbvi Ab¨Zg g~j wfwË I AvKl©Y|
Qwe‡KI AšÍf©y³ K‡iwQ KviY A‡bK mg‡qB Zuvi iPbvi m‡½ G `yÕwUi mvaviY fvlvi GKwU jÿ¨-A_© (intended interpretation)
†Kvb GKwU KL‡bv `yÕwUB Awe‡”Q`¨fv‡e Rvwo‡q _v‡KÑ G¸wj ev` _v‡K| Z‡e g‡b ivLv `iKvi, GB wbw`©ó jÿ¨ PvovI IB GKB fvlvi
w`‡j iPbvwU Avi `uvovq bv| Zuvi fvlvq Awfavb ewnf©~Z wKQz bvgkã Ab¨ A_©I _vK‡Z cv‡i, A_ev wVKgZ ej‡j, Ab¨vb¨ A_©I †`Iqv †h‡Z
Av‡Q †h¸wji wb‡`©k¨ e¯‘ (referent) Avgv‡`i cwiwPZ RM‡Z cvIqv cv‡i| Avgiv Aek¨ A_©nxb fvlvq K_vI e‡j _vwK (uninterrupted
hvqwb| h_v Kzg‡ovcUvk, eK”Qc, j¨vsov‡_wiqvg BZ¨vw`| G¸wj‡K language)Ñ hv fwel¨‡Z †Kvb m¤¢ve¨ A_© MÖn‡Yi Rb¨ A‡cÿv K‡i
ïayB bvg e‡j g‡b Kiv †hZ| wKš‘ m‡½ Qwe _vKvq Zv Ki‡Z Avgv‡`i _v‡K|

44
 gykwKj GB †h, bvg-kã¸wj hw` RMr msmv‡ii †Kvb e¯‘ ev wg_¨v? A_ev †M¨‡Wj hLb cÖgvY K‡ibÑ †Kvb GKwU wm‡÷g hw` mym½Z
welq‡K wPwýZ bv K‡i Zvn‡j Zv‡`i A_©`vb n‡e Kxfv‡e? myKzgvi (consistent) nq, Zvn‡i †m KLbB wb‡Ri mym½wZ cÖgvY Ki‡Z cvi‡e
ivq †Kb, ïay Ôduvcv-bvgkãÕ (empty term) wb‡q Avgv‡`i †Ljv P‡j bv| GiKg wm×všÍMVb cÖwµqvi Lye AvKl©Yxh wb`k©b ÔjovBÿ¨vcvÕ|
Avm‡Q Avw`Kvj †_‡K| g‡b Kiv hvq GB kã¸wjÑ cix, †cMvmvm, †bvUeB‡Z cvMjv RMvB wjL‡QÑ
cÿxivR, fzZ, wke, †Lv°m, A_ev †h †Kvb MvwYwZK e¯‘i bvg †hgb ÔÑ †kvb‡i RMvB, fxlY jovB n‡jv
e„Ë, mij‡iLv, 1035332| G¸wj wb‡q Avgv‡`i Kvievi `xN©w`‡bi cuvP e¨vUv‡K LZg KÕ‡i RMvB `v`v †gv‡jv|Õ
Ges Avðh©iKg Acwinvh©| bvgkã¸wji m‡½ Qwe hy³ n‡q ˆZwi n‡q RMvB RMvB‡K RMvB‡qi g„Zz¨ Kvwnbx ej‡Q|
I‡V A‡_©i RMr, †hLv‡b cÖK…Z Kzg‡ovcUv‡ki Pjv‡div, gvb-Awfgvb| GKUz Kg `vwe‡Z hw` Avgiv mš‘ó nB Zvn‡j ÔLy‡ovi KjÕ A_ev
G‡K AvR¸wei ev bb‡m‡Ýi RMr e‡j‡Qb †KD †KD| wVKB| Z‡e Ôeveyivg mvcy‡o|Õ
†m‡ÿ‡Î f~Z, †Lv°m, cixi RMr †Zv e‡UB, †cø‡Uvi ˆZwi MvwYwZK M`¨ iPbvq Ggb D`vniY Ôev‡RMí-1|Õ
wek¦I AvR¸wei| ÔAvR¸weÕ RM‡Zi e¯‘¸wji wKQz wKQz PwiΨag© Av‡ivc Ô†mB nB‡Z `yR‡bi QvovQvwo| Kvjv e‡jÑ AÜUv Ggb Ryqv‡Pvi †m
Kiv nq| †Kvb ev‡K¨i mZ¨vmZ¨ w¯’i nq evK¨wU †mB ag©¸wj‡KB e‡j w`b‡K ivZ Kwi‡Z cv‡i|
wK bv Zvi Dci| e¯‘¸wj †h‡nZz †bB, †m¸wj cÖK…ZB Abyiƒcfv‡e AvPiY AÜ e‡jÑ KvjvUv hw` wb‡Ri K_v ïwb‡Z cvBZ Z‡e eywSZ †m KZ eo
K‡i wK bv G cÖkœ AevšÍi| cÖm½Z evU©ªvÛ iv‡m‡ji wbgœwjwLZ DׄwZwU wg‡_¨ev`x|Õ
g‡b Av‡mÑ Gfv‡e, AvZ¥-A¯^xK…wZ w`‡q inm¨gq KzUvfvm (paradox) ˆZwi
‘Mathematics is the subject in which we never know what Kiv eûKvj a‡i cÖPwjZ, GB †ÿ‡Î Zvi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q †KŠZzK| †Kb
we are talking about nor whether what we are saying is GB †KŠZz‡Ki Rb¥ nq GK_v †K ej‡eb, Kwe wkíx bv mvB‡KvjwR÷?
true’ †Kb Kv‡iv cZ‡b Kviæ‡Y¨i e`‡j nv‡m¨i D‡`ªK nq?
MwYZ m¤ú‡K©B hLb GK_v, myKzgvieveyi †`vl Kx? Zuvi wb‡RiB †KD †KD myKzgvi iv‡qi iPbv cÖm‡½ e‡j‡QbÑ ÔLuvwU AvR¸wei
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