Grade 10

Review for Exam#4

F ill 16
M Son 76

Üsküdar American Academy

Mathematics Department
GRADE 10

Unit#5 - Exponential & Logarithmic Functions:

1. Solve for x;
q
9x+3
(a) 27x = 81.

324 6 39 28
6
II.LI
2
5x
(b) (5x )2
= 125.
m
5 21

2
2x
(c) 2x = 64.
m n

512
2

q
3 8x+1
(d) 16x = 32.
3
2 I 215

1 t/4
2. A colony of bacteria decays so that the population t days from now is given by A(t) = 1000 2 .

(a) What is the amount present when t = 0?

A o 1000

(b) How much will be present in 4 days?

A 4
501

(c) What is the half-life? 500 1000 f

4 1
1
GRADE 10

3. The half-life of a radioactive isotope is 4 days. If 3.2 kg are present now, how much will be present after:

(a) 4 days ?

(b) 8 days ?
0.1

(c) t days ? Alt

4. The value of a car t years from now is given by V (t) = 4000(0.85)t .

(a) What is the annual rate of depreciation?

(b) In how many years will the value of the car be about half what it is now ?

6.85 1 1
505 th 8
5. Calculate the logarithms.

(a) log1/3 81

(b) log2 8
I
(c) logp2 32
log 11
(d) log3 (9 ln e3 )
3
2
GRADE 10

6. Let log2 3 = a ,log2 5 = b. Express the following in terms of a and b:

(a) log2 60.

top 2
05
270th
(b) log4 0.2.
log 19,5 Ib

(c) log3 25. 21

(d) log(ln e)

p
3
(e) ln e2

7. Solve each equation for x.

(a) 3x = 4 n

(b) 22x 1 =3 2m l log

(c) 41+3x = 5
It IN top 1t P 1f
p
(d) ex = 4
16 N b

(e) 10x = 5

2 3x
(f) 3 5 =7

2 105,7
31
273M 5top 7
3
GRADE 10

8. Calculate the logarithms, using log 2 = 0.30103 and log 3 = 0.4771.

log2 1.25522
(a) log 18.
21093

(b) log 30. 1.4 771

(c) log 15 .
logs 171092

0.69892
9. Write each expression as a single logarithm.
1
(a) 3 log x log y + log z 2 .

1
(b) 2 log x + 12 log y + 12 log z.

t.gl
10. Write each expression as the sum or di↵erence of the logarithm of a, b and c.

(a) log(a3 b2 c).

BlegI21
p p
(b) log( 3 a bc).
Fg IfzlgIbtloge

11. logx y = a is given. Express each logarithm in terms of a.

(a) logx3 y2 x2 y 3 .

g
(b) logx/y2 x3 y 4 .
logic

4
GRADE 10

12. Evaluate the expressions.

(a) log24 4 + log24 6.

(b) log 8 + log 25 + log 5.

1
(c) log1/2 4 + log5 625 + log1/3 81 + log49 17 .

2 4 4
12
(d) log2 1000 log2 125.

13. Simplify the expressions.

1
(a) (log3 625 · log1/5 9) + (log4 · log1/2522
1024).
51 225
125
5
C2 4 l.gg5
logf 12157 log s

8
I 12
(b) loga2 b3 · logb3 c4 · logc4 d5 · logd5 a.

lg.b.lgbc.lg.d.ly 1

14. Show that if a2 + b2 = 7ab, a, b > 0 then log a+b 1

3 = 2 (log a + log b).

or b 9ab

21g at 210g loyalgb

rtgb 1 (4)
15. Find a if f (x) = log3 (4x + a) and f = 2.

2 at 8 4
F log

5
GRADE 10

16. For which values of x is each logarithm defined?

(a) log2 (x 2).

272 2,01

(b) log5 (x2 5x 6).

I
10,17016
(c) log(x2 2x + 1).

12
11
n 1
log

1 x
(d) log3 1+x .

men2
x2 2x
(e) log2 3 x .
t.edu

III
(f) logx+3 (x2 x).

12 1 41
4
17. Given f (x) = log2 x, calculate f x2
+ 2f (x).

log 2192
log 4 2

6
GRADE 10

18. Find the domain of each function.

1
(a) f (x) = ln( 1x+2x ).
si
1 21

p
(b) f (x) = log2 x2 4.
u x̅2

I tribute
(c) f (x) = log4 (x2 + x 2).

É I u

(d) f (x) = log(x 2) + log(3 x).

m 2 as

Df 121

(e) f (x) = log2 (log2 (1

0 x)).

1,4 N 0
III
log 1 a log
1 7 101
3ft
(f) f (x) = log2 x (3x 4).
a
see a
S
Dg 15
19. log 3 = a, log 5 = b and log 210 = c are given. Write log 7 in terms of a, b and c.

210 1.7.2 5
C a log 7 1

117 7
GRADE 10

20. Find the inverse of each function.

(a) f (x) = log3 (x 4).

N log ly 4 y 4 39
F try y

T NIE
(b) f (x) = 3 + 2 log5 (2x

log 29 1
1).

2g 1
F G
5

522
(c) f (x) = ln( 2x+3
5 ) 1

1 21 f 6 512
(d) f (x) = 2x 3.

21 9 29 F N 109214

(e) f (x) = 3 · 5x 1 +2

5
If
y f a 19,45
x+1
(f) f (x) = 2 · 7 3 + 5.

7
of
9 log NI y fm 11k
21. Evaluate
1 1 1
+ .
log1 26 log8 6 log4 6
2
log12 log8 log

log f
8
GRADE 10

22. log 2 = a and log 3 = b are given. Write log6 15 in terms of a and b.

23. 4ABC has sides a = log 4, b = log 20, and c = log 125. Find the perimeter.

p p
24. Evaluate log8 16 log9 27 + log 10 ln 4
e.

25. If log m n = x, then write log m m in terms of x.

n n

26. Solve the equations for x.

(a) 52x 6 · 5x = 475

(b) 32x+5 = 3x+2 + 2

(c) 42x 2 6 · 4x 2 1=0

(d) 9x 3x+2 + 14 = 0

9
GRADE 10

27. Solve the equations for x.

(a) log(2x + 1) log x = 2.

(b) log(3x 4) log(3x + 1) = 0.

(c) log3 (3 + 3 log3 x) = 3.

(d) 3 log5 x + logx 5 = 4.

x
(e) log3 (7 log3 3 ) = 2.

(f) ln(x + 1) ln x = 1 + ln 3

(g) 3 log5 2 + 2 x = log5 (3x 52 x ).

1
(h) log9 x2 log9 (2x + 5) log9 (2x 5) = 2.

(i) 3 logx 16 4 log16 x = 2 log2 x

10
GRADE 10

28. Solve the logarithmic equation

2 log3 x + log 1 (x 2) = 2.
3

29. Solve the system of equations

ln(x 5 + e2 ) = 2
22y+1 + 1 = x

30. Solve the equation

log2 (log2 x) = log4 (log4 x).

31. (a) Show that 6xy + 2y 15x 5 = (3x + 1)(2y 5).

(b) Hence solve the equation 6xex + 2ex 15x = 5.

11
GRADE 10

32. The cubic function f (x) = x3 10x2 + 7x + 18 is divisible by (x2 x 2).

(a) Find the three real roots of f (x).

(b) Solve the logarithmic equation

(ln x)3 + 7 ln x + 18 = 10(ln x)2 .

33. Solve the equation

32x+1 82 · 3x + 27 = 0.

34. Solve the equation

1
log4 2 · log8 4 · log1 68 · · · · · log2n+1 (2n ) = .
17

35. Solve the following equations

(a) e3 2x = 5.

2
(b) 2x 2x 1 = 0.5.

12
GRADE 10

36. Solve the equation 6 · 4x+1 = 3 · 8x .

37. Solve the equation logx 4 = log2 (2x).

38. Solve the equation 9x+1 + 17 · 3x 2 = 0.

ln a
39. Solve the equation 4x+1 = 5 · 10x writing your answer in the form x = ln b where a, b 2 Q.

40. Solve the equation 6 log4x 2 = logx 4.

41. (a) Evaluate log8 16.

(b) Solve the equation 3 log8 x = logx 16.

13
GRADE 10

42. Let x = log 4 and y = log 5.

(a) Write log 80 in terms of x and y.

(b) Solve the equation 42t 1 = 5t+2 writing your answer in terms of x and y.

43. Solve the equation 4x+1 + 2x+5 17 = 0 for x 2 R.

44. Solve the equation 2x+1 · 3x = 4x writing your answer in terms of ln 2 and ln 3.

45. Solve the equation log(x 3) + log x = 1.

log9 36 log3 2
46. Evaluate 1+log4 2

47. Solve the exponential equation

3
2x+5 = 8 + .
2x 2
Give your answer in the form x = a + log2 b, a, b 2 Z.

14
GRADE 10

48. The number of positive values x which satisfy the equation

x = 8log2 x 9log3 x 4log2 x + log0.5 0.25

is

(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3

(Oxford 2011)

49. Three positive numbers a, b, c satisfy

logb a = 2, logb (c 3) = 3, loga (c + 5) = 2

This information

(a) specifies a uniquely.

(b) is satisfied by two values of a.
(c) is satisfied by infinitely many values of a.
(d) is contradictory.

(Oxford 2013)

50. Let a, b, c > 0 and a 6= 1. The equation

✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
x x cx 1
logb ((b ) ) + loga + loga loga (c) = 0
bx b

has a repeated root when

(a) b2 = 4ac.
(b) b = a1 .
(c) c = ab .
(d) c = 1b .
(e) a = b = c.

(Oxford 2017)

15
GRADE 10

51. Evaluate:
1 1 1
log2 ( 16 ) log3 ( 16 ) log4 ( 16 )
(Purple Commet 2003)
log log log

log

52. Solve the equation

log(4x 8) = x log 2 + log 7.

log 8 log277
2 at 0

53. Find the positive integer n such that 32 is the product of the real number solutions of
3)
xlog2 (x n
= 13.

(Purple Commet 2013)

n15_

54. There are relatively prime positive integers m and n so that

m ⇣ ⌘
1
log9 27
n m n
= log 4 32 .

Find m + n. (Purple Commet 2013)

16
GRADE 10

55. For all integers n greater than 1, define

1
an = .
logn 2002

Let b = a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 and c = a10 + a11 + a12 + a13 + a14 . Then find b c.

(AMC12 2002)

57
1 22 5.2 c log
2.13.14

log
2.1.45
b c
dgn.at i I I
56. For all positive integers n, let f (n) = log2002 n2 . Let

N = f (11) + f (13) + f (14).

Which of the following relations is true?

1520021130 6
(a) N > 1
1092,220022
(b) N = 1
(c) 1 < N < 2
(d) N = 2
If
(e) N > 2

57. If log(xy 3 ) = 1 and log(x2 y) = 1, what is log(xy) ?

(AMC12 2003)
21 logntsl.gg 1
2109N logy 1
510g 1

logy logU

58. The set of all real numbers x for which

log2004 (log2003 (log2002 (log2001 x)))

is defined is {x| x > c }. What is the value of c?

(AMC12 2004)
A loyzo 7 0

192002 B 1

Δ 2002 17

17200 N 2002
2
2 2001
 GRADE 10
mistake

As 59. The solutions to the system of equations

login
f
225 x + log6 4y = 4

logx 225 logy 64 = 1

4 1
are (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ). Find log30 (x1 y1 x2 y2 ). (AIME 2002)

1g es n
log is 2'2 oso
1og mama lognsmtlg.ae z
I
same
M.EE ii
60. Given that log10 sin x + log10 cos x = 1 and that log10 (sin x + cos x) = 12 (log10 n 1), find n.
(AIME 2003)
1510
5m24 I 01510
log gmmte.su
suna 4,1g

It n
f 10
61. If r and s are the roots of 3x2 16x + 12 = 0, then find log2 r + log2 s.
n
1I
log 19,4

62. Find all t such that 2 log3 (1 5t) = log3 (2t + 5) + 2.

109,9
57 1 181 45
2542 281 44 0
ᵗ 2Vt
2ft 2 z
63. Find the real value of t such that 2t+1 + 2t = 23 + 25 + 27 t .

9 2ᵗ 40
121
t
3 40.2 128 0

13 18
2ᵗ 85
t
GRADE 10

64. Find the solution set for each inequality, as an interval

(a) log4 (2x 5) < 1.

log
042N 524
1
Eac
(b) ln(x + 2) 0. ln1

(c) log 3 (2x 4) > 2.

4

0 211 4
24
223
(d) log4 (x2 9)  2 19,16
929 0

(e) log 3 (x2 3) > 0.

5

0km o 1
3222 4 6 AUG
47
(f) log0.1 (x2 + x + 1) log0.1 3 > 0.

logo fm 3 so
nᵗ a I 0

(g) log3 (x 1) log3 5 < 1. III

us
1g
v1
(h) log2 (log(x 3))  0.

log6 3 70 2 0 0 log a 3 1

nose
n I

MIL
19
ss 14
GRADE 10

log(xy)
65. Suppose the ordered pair (x, y) satisfies log x = 12 . If y is increased by 50%, by what fraction must x
y
be multiplied to keep this equation true?
(Source: ARLM)
Od 10a long n log100
y 2 log May
10pm 9101100 a Oa

log z 910g 5a I 45.55

2 a

66. A line x = k intersects the graph of y = log5 x and the graph of y = log5 (x + 4). The distance between
the points of intersection is 0.5. Find k.
(Source: AHSME)
k log k k log 4 4

log the
Eh k 55 1 6
2 4
IT
67. Compute the integer k, where k > 2, for which

log(k 2)! + log(k 1)! + 2 = 2 log k!

(Source: ARML)
k 2 CL D 100 k
E.CL 1 2 112
1 2 K 2 100.41
100

68. Suppose that p and q are positive numbers for which log9 p = log12 q = log16 (p + q). What is the value
of q/p ?
lap 1 49 (Source: AHSME)

ing 1 9

É lip lng
20
in
lnlptf.fi
d
Gg 8
5 f us
 4hr2 34 242

GRADE 10 logp t t.jo s

I ÉI
x3
69. Find all x such that xlog x = 100 . (Source: AHSME)

slogne 2
yn
m 1m 0

10pm 2 v 10pm 1
MET
70. If log2 p = log3 r = log36 17, then determine pr.
(Source: Mandelbrot)

ʰ
up
enr h
71. Solve the equation A
B+Ce kt
i.EE
= D for t in terms of A, B.C, D, and k.

A BD C.D.Eht
c D A BD e
III
a
_Is
1ᵗ fM
72. Let n be a positive integer. If the number of integers in the domain of f (x) = log((1 x)(x n)) equals
2n 6, compute n. 1 1
(Source: ARML)

n 2 2n 6
0
73. Find the value of a given that 4 · 9a 21 = 25 · 3a .

4.69 25 21 0
5 7 3
3
4.3
74. Find x such that log2 (log2 (log2 x)) = 2
(Source: AMC12)

21
GRADE 10

75. Find the value of b if 4a = 8b and 3b = 2 · 3a .

2212 16 12
log s

b 210g s
3 2 2
76. Compute 3x , where leg 1g
(log3 1 log3 4)(log3 9 log3 2)
x=
(log3 1 log3 9)(log3 8 log3 4)

I 105,2 (Source: Mandelbrot)

U 701,912

77. Find all ordered pairs (a, b) such that logb (9a) = 3 loga b = 3.

opab 1

901
3 b
1
9 a
0 36 3
78. Compute the numerical value of 5log 2 · 2log 3 · 2log 6 · 5log 9 .
E (Source: NYSML)
51518.210218

101918 1847

79. If log 5 = x, find the value of log2 5 in terms of x.

I
80. At what point do the graphs of y = log2 (x + 3) and y = 3 log2 (x 1) intersect?

v71
n 3 re 1 8

27 27 11 0
x 1 12 22

41 IIT
1
D
25 2
k meet 9
GRADE 10

81. What is the value of the expression

1 1 1 1
+ + + ··· + ,
log2 100! log3 100! log4 100! log100 100!

where 100! = 100 · 99 · 98 · 97 · · · · 2 · 1?

(Source: AHSME)
100
login 2.1.4

82. Solve the equation (x + 2)2y x2 = 3 for y in terms of x. For what values of x is there no values of y
that satisfies the equation?

NoIT
4N 4 n I x t

083. A triangle with sides a  b  c is log right if log a2 + log b2 = log c2 . Compute the largest possible
value of a in a right triangle that is also log right.
(Source: ARML)

loga 1
e
loge legal log
2 2
abet
12 2T
2
2
12 a 12 12 02 b2 1
10 x+y
84. If x, y > 0, logy x + logx y = 3 , and xy = 144, then find 2 .
(Source: AHSME)
M
V M
m

on 0
3 re
m y
say
85. Find x in terms of a and y given that y = ax +a
2
x
. III I nz 13
29 t.IE
1252
y VI
1 0
m
2yd
A 492 4
9 1
2952262
23

a
IF
9
 IT
GRADE 10

86. Let x = 2logb 3 and y = 3logb 2 . Find x y.

N

loss log 31562

fu
5192 3
1,192 1
y
s n y

87. The equation 2333x 2 + 2111x+2 = 2222x+1 + 1 has three real roots. Find their sum.
(Source: AIME)
25 2 4 12 2 I

2 4m I 21
m
mf m

V Mean

sina.in a I mis
EI
88. The value of log3 2 is 0.631, rounded to the nearest thousandth. Compute the smallest positive integer
n for which 3n > 2102 .
(Source: Mandelbrot)
log 2
log
n 102 19,2
764.162 nm.net
logb a 19 b
89. If logc a = 99 , then c = ck . Compute k.
(Source: ARML)

f
log

11 1

p
90. Find the product of the positive roots of 1995xlog1995 x = x2 .
(Source: AIME)
T.g.s.fvi.gs ntsissi
1g

1 1 1 19gg 21g s

9.92 7 m 12 2
2m 24
Jiggs t.y.s.sn 2

log 9.1 2 ni.name T