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Rock Types Activity and Script

Rocks

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8 views3 pages

Rock Types Activity and Script

Rocks

Uploaded by

mahowell21331
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Geography

Grade 7
Topic: Major Rock Groups and Rock Types in Jamaica
Date January 16, 2019
Instructions: Read the following carefully and answer the questions in your notebooks.
Rock Groups in Jamaica
There are three major rock groups in Jamaica. Igneous, Sedimentary and Metamorphic.
Igneous Rocks
These are rocks formed from molten material from below the earth’s surface, such as magma or
volcanic lava. The word ‘igneous’ mean formed of fire. Most igneous rocks are formed at
constructive or destructive plate margins. Volcanoes and basalt plateau are formed of igneous
rocks at or close to the surface.
Composition of Igneous rocks
These rocks contain small amount of radioactive material. Igneous rocks are also composed of
aluminum, silicon, sodium, potassium, or pyroclastic materials.
Types of Igneous rocks
Igneous rocks appear grainy in structure. They are of different types; depending on their grain
size, colour and mineral composition.
These rocks are chiefly classified according to texture and colour. :-
• Felsic: lighter in colour and weightless, (less dense), rich in aluminum, silicon, sodium
and potassium , eg., granite, rhyolite
• Mafic- darker and denser, rich in iron, magnesium, calcium, eg basalt, gabbro
• Intrusive- rocks formed from magma that solidifies underground
• Extrusive- magma solidified after it reaches the surface (lava or pyroclastic material)
Processes that contribute to the various rock groups (See the rock cycle below)
• Weathering
• Cooling
• Melting
• Changes in pressure
Areas of Igneous rocks
Volcanic Islands such as St. Vincent, St. Lucia and Montserrat are made up mainly of igneous
rocks. Older igneous rocks are found in Guyana and Belize and in islands such as Jamaica.
ROCK CYCLE

Questions
• State three processes that contribute to the make up of rock groups.
• Describe how a metamorphic rock changes to an igneous rock.
• Name the processes found on the rock cycle that leads to the formation of the rock
groups.
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary rocks are formed at the earth’s surface. They are easily identified by their
stratification of layering. They often record the motion of wind and waves on lakes, rivers, sea
and sand dunes. Many sedimentary rocks are formed this way:
• Older rocks are weathered to form loose material
• Weathered material is then eroded, and transported to another location by rivers, wave
action, wind or glaciers.
• The material is deposited in a river valley, in a lake or beneath the sea, forming layers of
sediment.
• Salt spray from the sea weathers on land to form EVAPORITES
Compositions in Sedimentary rock
Sedimentary rocks can contain iron oxides, calcium carbonate, fragments, remains of plans and
animals. Older sediments, the particles are cemented together by minerals such as iron oxides,
calcium carbonate or silica to form a solid rock which is hard and resist further erosion.
Classification of Sedimentary rock
These rocks are classified according to how they are forms:
• Clastic: rocks formed when rock or mineral fragments called clasts are compacted and
cemented together, eg.; conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, siltstone, shale
• Chemical: rock minerals are dissolved by rainwater, rivers or the ocean become
concentrated, crystallize and harden to form rocks, eg. Limestone. Calcite
• Organic: remains of plants accumulated and harden to form rocks eg; coral limestone,
coal
Questions
• Describe briefly how sedimentary rocks are formed using the rock cycle.
• Name three examples of sedimentary rock.

Metamorphic rock
These rocks are formed when rocks from near the surface are dragged down to greater depths,
for example at a convergent plate boundary. They are subjected to high temperature and
enormous pressure and their structure is completely altered. Metamorphic rocks are also
formed near the surface when rocks are heated by volcanic lava. Metamorphism is a major
process in the formation of metamorphic rocks.
Classification of Metamorphic rocks
These rocks are classified according to their texture.
• Foliated- rocks contains flat mineral grains that are aligned by pressure, eg. Slate,
schist, gneiss
• Non-foliated:- rocks do not appear to have any regular patterns or alignment, eg.,
marble, quartz
Questions
• Describe the formation of metamorphic rocks using the cycle.
• State two examples of metamorphic rocks.
FELIX
HYUNGJIN HAN BANGCHAN CHANBIN
LEEKNOW I.N SEUNGMIN WOOJIN

YASSS QUEEENN

ME

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