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Riva

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Yahya
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17 views3 pages

Riva

Research paper

Uploaded by

Yahya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IZZA ABDUL QAWI

MBBS 1st YEAR

Visit to Riva Water Plant Dow University of Health Sciences DUHS with Dr.Sana Ahmed

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a semipermeable membrane to
remove ions, molecules, and larger particles from water. The process works by applying
pressure to the water, forcing it through the membrane while leaving behind impurities. The
membrane used in reverse osmosis is designed to allow only water molecules to pass through,
effectively removing up to 99% of dissolved salts, bacteria, and other contaminants from the
water.

Reverse osmosis is commonly used in homes, businesses, and industries to purify water for
drinking, cooking, and other uses. It is also used in desalination plants to convert seawater into
potable water. Reverse osmosis tReverse osmosis (RO) is a popular water purification
technology that has several advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Reverse Osmosis:

Removes a wide range of contaminants: Reverse osmosis is effective in removing dissolved salts,
minerals, bacteria, viruses, and other contaminants from water.

Improves taste and odor: Reverse osmosis can improve the taste and odor of water by removing
impurities that affect the water's quality.

Saves energy: Reverse osmosis requires less energy compared to other water purification
methods such as distillation.

Easy to maintain: Reverse osmosis systems are relatively easy to maintain, with only periodic
replacement of the membrane required.

Environmentally friendly: Reverse osmosis does not require the use of chemicals or other
additives, making it an environmentally friendly water purification method.

Disadvantages of Reverse Osmosis:

Wastes water: Reverse osmosis systems produce a significant amount of wastewater as a


byproduct of the purification process.

Expensive: Reverse osmosis systems can be relatively expensive to install and maintain,
especially compared to other water purification methods.

Removes beneficial minerals: Reverse osmosis removes not only contaminants but also
beneficial minerals, such as calcium and magnesium, that are essential for good health.

Requires pre-treatment: The water source for reverse osmosis systems must be pre-treated to
remove sediment, chlorine, and other substances that could damage the membrane.

Slow process: Reverse osmosis can be a slow process, especially for large volumes of water,
which can limit its practical use in some applications.

In summary, while reverse osmosis is an effective water purification technology, it has both
advantages and disadvantages that should be considered when choosing a water treatment
method.echnology has several advantages over other water purification methods, including its
ability to remove a wide range of contaminants, its high efficiency, and its low energy
consumption. However, it can be relatively expensive to install and maintain, and it may require
pre-treatment of the water to prevent damage to the membrane.

The reverse osmosis (RO) process involves several stages:

Pre-treatment: The water to be purified is screened to remove large particles such as sediment,
and chemicals such as chlorine are added to protect the membrane from damage.

High-pressure pump: The water is then pressurized using a high-pressure pump to force it
through the semipermeable membrane.

Semipermeable membrane: The heart of the RO process is the semipermeable membrane,


which allows only water molecules to pass through while blocking other impurities such as salts,
minerals, and contaminants.

Product water collection: The purified water that passes through the membrane is collected and
stored in a clean water storage tank.

Reject water disposal: The water that is not purified and does not pass through the membrane
is called reject water or concentrate, and is usually discharged or recycled.

Post-treatment: The purified water may undergo further post-treatment, such as disinfection or
remineralization, to improve its taste, odor, and quality.

The RO process can remove up to 99% of dissolved salts and impurities from the water, resulting
in high-quality purified water suitable for a variety of applications, including drinking, cooking,
and industrial use. The efficiency of the RO process depends on the quality of the water source,
the type and condition of the membrane, and the operating conditions of the system.

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