Half Cell Electrical Potential Test

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HALF CELL ELECTRICAL

POTENTIAL TEST
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AIM
Determining the corrosion activity in steel reinforcement using
Half Cell Potential testing.
APPARATUS
1) Copper-copper sulphate half-cell
2) Connecting Wires
3) High Impedance Voltmeter
PRINCIPLE
CANIN corrosion analyzer is based on electro-chemical process
to detect corrosion in the reinforcement bars of structure. It
represents a galvanic element similar to a battery ,producing
an electrical current, measurable as an electric field on the
surface of concrete. The potential field can be measured with
an electrode known as half cell. The electrical activity of the
steel reinforcement and concrete leads them to be considered
as one half of battery cell with the steel acting as one electrode
and concrete as electrolyte. The name half cell surveying
derives from the fact that the one half of the battery cell is
considered to be the steel reinforcing bars and surrounding
concrete. The electrical potential of a point on the surface of
steel reinforcing bar can be measured comparing its potential
that of copper – copper sulphate reference electrode/silver-
silver nitrate reference electrode on the surface
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The positive terminal of the voltmeter is attached to the

reinforcement and the negative terminal is attached to the
copper-copper sulphate half cell. If there is any corrosion in the
bars, the excess electrons in the bar would tend to flow from the
bar to the half cell. Because of the way the terminals of the
voltmeter are connected in the electrical circuit, the voltmeter
indicates a negative voltage. The measured half cell potential
is the open circuit potential, because it is measured under the
condition of no current in the measuring circuit. A more
negative voltage reading at the surface is to interpreted to
mean that the embedded bar has more excess electrons, and
there is, therefore, a higher likelihood that the bar is corroding.
The half cell potential readings are indicative of the probability

of corrosion activity of the reinforcing bars located beneath the
copper-copper sulphate reference cell. However, this is true
only if the reinforcing steel is electrically connected to the bar
attached to the voltmeter.
PROCEDURE
When there is active corrosion, current flow through the

concrete between anodic and cathodic sites is accompanied
by an electric potential field surrounding the corroding bar. The
equipotential lines intersect the surface of the concrete and the
potential at any point can be measured using the half potential
method.

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The apparatus includes copper-copper sulphate half-cell,

connecting wires and a high impedance voltmeter. This half-
cell is composed of a copper bar immersed in a saturated
copper sulphate solution. It is one of the many half cells that
can be used as a reference to measure the electrical potential
of embedded bars. A high impedance voltmeter
(normallygreater than 10MW) is used so that there is very little
current through the circuit. The coppercopper sulphate half-
cell makes electrical contact with the concrete by means of
porous plug and a sponge that is moistened with a wetting
solution
One of the instrument available in the market is CANIN

corrosion analyzer, which is computer based device for making
half cell potential measurement. This particular instrument
stores data acquired at different test points and display
equipotential contours.
ADVANTAGES
The half cell potential readings are indicative of the probability
of corrosion activity of the reinforcing bars located beneath the
copper-copper sulphate reference cell
DISADVANTAGES
If stability cannot be achieved by pre-wetting, it may be
because of stray electrical currents or excessive electrical
resistance in the circuit. In either case, the half cell potential
method should not be used.

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2) For conducting this test access to the reinforcement is

must.

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3) The method cannot be applied to epoxy coated

reinforcement or concrete with coated surfaces .
SOURCES OF ERRORS IN MEASUREMENTS:-

1) Improper grid spacing : Excessive spacing can miss points of
activity or provide insufficient data closer spacing increase the
cost of survey
2) Moisture content : concrete is sufficiently moist to complete
the circuit necessary for a valid measurement free surface
water between test points at the time of potential
measurement.
INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS:-

As per ASTM C 876, two techniques can be used to evaluate
the results=>
the numeric technique : In the numeric technique, the value of
the potential is used as an indicator of the likelihood of the
corrosion activity. The potential measured at the surface of
concrete can be interpreted as per table given below:-
Phase of Corrosion Potential as

Activity measured by Copper
Half Cell
1. Initial Phase – < - 200 mV
Corrosion activity not
taking place
2.Transient Phase – - 200 mV to - 350 mV
Corrosion activity
uncertain
3. Final phase – > - 350 mV
corrosion occurring
positively
The numeric method should not be used in the following

conditions –

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(a) Carbonation extends to the level of reinforcement

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(b) Comparison of corrosion activity in outdoor concrete with

highly variable moisture or oxygen content.
(c) Evaluation of indoor concrete that has not been subjected
to frequent wetting.
(d) To formulate conclusions about changes in corrosion
activity due to repairs which changed the moisture or oxygen
content at the level of the steel.
(ii) the potential difference technique: In the potential
difference technique, the areas of active corrosion are
identified on the basis of the potential gradients. In the
equipotential contour plot, the closer spacing of the voltage
contour indicates regions of high gradients. The higher gradient
indicates, higher risk of corrosion. The potential difference
technique is considered more reliable for identifying regions of
active corrosion than is the use of numerical limits.
FIGURES
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Expand Posts

HALF CELL ELECTRICAL

The positive terminal of the voltmeter is attached to the

The half cell potential readings are indicative of the probability

When there is active corrosion, current flow through the

Slightly naughty film

The apparatus includes copper-copper sulphate half-cell,

One of the instrument available in the market is CANIN

Slightly naughty film

2) For conducting this test access to the reinforcement is

Slightly naughty film

3) The method cannot be applied to epoxy coated

SOURCES OF ERRORS IN MEASUREMENTS:-

INTERPRETATION OF TEST RESULTS:-

Phase of Corrosion Potential as

The numeric method should not be used in the following

Slightly naughty film

(a) Carbonation extends to the level of reinforcement

Slightly naughty film

(b) Comparison of corrosion activity in outdoor concrete with

13 IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER BEFORE, DURING AND AFTER …

AUG 15, 2020

Labels #ALL POSTS, #CONCRETE, #CONSTRUCTION, #TEST ON

your welcome to share your ideas with us in

Search This Blog

Search this blog

ALL POSTS BASIC CONCEPTS BRIDE ENGINEERING

BRIDGE CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT ESTIMATION

METHODOLOGY PLUMBING QUANTITY SURVEYING

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS RCC DESIGN REAL ESTATE

STEEL DESIGN TEST ON AGGREGATES TEST ON CONCRETE

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CONVENTIONAL

ALUMINIUM FORMWORK (MIVAN) - DETAILED STUDY,

WHAT IS ROLLING MARGIN AND HOW TO FIND ROLLING

COMPLETE GUIDELINES, METHODOLOGY, TOLERANCE,

Top 3 genuine and premium blogger templates for

ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST (NON-DISTRUCTIVE

EXPANSION JOINT IN CONCRETE STRUCTURES, AND ITS

HALF CELL ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL TEST

TEST PROCDEURE FOR DETERMINATION OF DLBD &

WHAT IS THE MEANING OF LIFT / ELEVATORS ? EXPLAIN

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

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