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Sound

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12 views

Sound

Uploaded by

danceloversxoxo26
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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sound

Propagation of sound wave


Compression & rarefaction
Laws of reflection of sound
• Angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection.
• Incident wave, normal and reflected wave all lie in the same plane.
Some important termS…
• Amplitude : Maximum displacement on either side of the mean
position.
• Wavelength: Distance between two consecutive compressions or
rarefactions.
• Frequency: No. of waves generated in one second.
• Time period: Time taken to complete one oscillation.
• V = frequency x wavelength
• Frequency = 1/ time period
• Audible range for humans: 20Hz - 20kHz
• Single frequency sound is called tone and mixed frequency sound is
called note.
Characteristics of sound wave
• Loudness: More the amplitude, louder is the sound.
• Pitch : More the frequency higher is the pitch.
• Quality or Timbre: Two sounds of same loudness and pitch can be
differentiated based on their quality. Pleasant sound is said to have
rich quality.
Multiple reflection of sound wave
Echo &Reverberation
• Reverberation is the persistence of sound after the sound source has been stopped. It
results from a large number of reflected waves which can be perceived by the brain as a
continuous sound. On the other hand, an echo occurs when a pulse of sound can be
heard twice. An echo is a single reflection of a sound wave off a distance surface.
• Echo can take place in both open and closed spaces whereas reverberation takes place
in closed space.
• Minimum distance between source of sound and obstacle should be 17.2m for hearing a
distinct echo.
• Reverberation can be reduced by using carpeted floor, upholstered furniture, false ceiling
of sound absorbing material.
• Certain amount of reverberation is desirable for pleasant speech or music.
Applications of ultrasound
• Echocardiography
• Cleaning of hard to reach parts of various instruments.
• Removal of kidney stones or painless extraction of teeth.
• To detect the internal flaws in metal blocks.
• Ultrasonography to examine various body parts or the growth of foetus.
SONAR
• It is used to measure distance, direction and speed of objects lying
under water.
• A SONAR consists of a transmitter and a receiver. The ultrasound
waves produced by transmitter travel through water. After being
reflected by an object on seabed, these waves are received by the
receiver. These waves are then converted into electrical signals and
properly recorded.
• Distance travelled by ultrasound = 2d
hence, distance or depth = speed x time/2
This method of finding distance is also called echo – ranging.

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