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Psychrometric Chart

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17 views

Psychrometric Chart

Uploaded by

Farooq Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Psychrometric chart.

AIR CONDITIONING PSYCHROMETRICS

In air-conditioning system, the air must undergo one or several of the following processes:

Psychrometrics can be used to predict changes in the environment when the amount of heat and/or
moisture in the air changes.
Definitions of Air

Three basic definitions are used to describe air under various conditions:

1. Atmospheric air - contains nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapour, other gases, and
miscellaneous contaminants such as dust, pollen, and smoke. This is the air we breathe and use for
ventilation.

2. Dry air - exists when all of the contaminants and water vapour have been removed from
atmospheric air. By volume, dry air contains about 78 percent nitrogen, 21 percent oxygen, and 1
percent other gases. Dry air is used as the reference in psychrometrics.

3. Moist air - is a mixture of dry air and water vapour.

For practical purposes, moist air and atmospheric air can be considered equal under the range of
conditions normally encountered.

Psychrometric Chart:- The Psychrometric Chart provides a graphic relationship of the state or
condition of the air at any particular time.

1) Dry Bulb Temperature.:- Dry Bulb Temperature (DBT) is the temperature that we measure with
a standard thermometer that has no water on its surface.

Dry-bulb temperature is located on the X-axis, of the psychrometric chart and lines of constant
temperature are represented by vertical chart lines.

Unit:- ° C or ° F
2) Wet Bulb Temperature.:- The wet bulb temperature (WBT) is a temperature associated with the
moisture content of the air. Wet bulb temperature is taken by surrounding the thermometer with a
wet wick and measuring the reading as the water evaporates. Because of the evaporative cooling
effect, Wet bulb temperatures are always lower than dry bulb temperatures and the only time that
they will be the same is at saturation (i.e. 100% relative humidity).

Unit:- ° C or ° F

3) Enthalpy :-The sum of the latent energy and the sensible energy is called the air enthalpy.
Enthalpy is the measure of heat energy in the air due to sensible heat or latent heat.

Sensible heat is the heat (energy) in the air due to the temperature of the air.
latent heat is the heat (energy) in the air due to the moisture of the air.

Unit:- (Btu/lb of dry air) or (kJ/kg).


4) Relative Humidity (RH):- It is the ratio of amount of moisture present in sample of air to
amount of moisture present in saturated air.

( Unit:- %)

5) Humidity Ratio or Absolute Humidity:-

It is amount of grains of moisture present in sample of air is called as specific humidity.

( Unit:- Grains /lb)


6) Dew Point:-Dew point temperature indicates the temperature at which water will begin to
condense out of moist air. When air is cooled, the relative humidity increases until saturation is
reached and condensation occurs. Condensation occurs on surfaces which are at or below the dew
point temperature. At dew point, dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature are exactly the
same.

7) Specific Air Volume:-Specific Volume is the volume that a certain weight of air occupies at a
specific set of conditions. The specific volume of air is basically the reciprocal of air density.
Thus the specific volume will increase with increasing temperature.

Unit:- cubic feet/lb of dry air.


Example:- A sling psychrometer gives a dry-bulb temperature of 78°F and a wet-bulb temperature
of 65°F. Determine other moist air properties from this information.

Solution:-Find the intersection of the two known properties, dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures,
on the psychrometric chart.

The dry-bulb temperature is located along the bottom horizontal axis. Find the line for 78°F, which
runs vertically through the chart.

Wet-bulb temperature is located along diagonal dotted lines leading to scale readings at the upper,
curved boundary marked "saturation temperature".

The intersection of the vertical 78°F dry-bulb line and the diagonal 65°F wet-bulb line has now
established a "state point" for the measured air. Now read relative humidity as 50 percent (curving
line running from left to right up through the chart) and dew point temperature as 57.8°F (follow
horizontal line, moving left, toward the curved upper boundary of saturation temperatures).

The humidity ratio for air in this example is about 0.0102 lb moisture/ lb dry air (move right
horizontally from state point to humidity ratio scale).
Answer
Relative humidity = 50%
Dew Point = 57.8 degrees
Absolute humidity = .0102 lbs water / lb dry air
Specific volume = 13.78 cu-ft/lb dry air
Enthalpy = 30 Btu’s/lbs dry air

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