Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgavi-590018

Technical Seminar Report

On
“WIRELESS CHARGER”
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the 8th Semester.
Technical Seminar For

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
For the Academic year
2023-2024

Submitted by
SAYYED FARAZ 4SH20CS056

Under the guidance of

Ms. Tejakshi N S
Asst. professor

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SHREE DEVI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KENJAR,
MANGALURU- 574142
 SHREE DEVI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Institution under VTU, Belagavi)

MANGALURU- 574 142

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the technical seminar report work entitled “Wireless Charger” is a bonafide
work carried out by SAYYED FARAZ bearing USN 4SH20CS056 respectively in partial
fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science and
Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi during the year 2023-
2024. It is certified that all corrections / suggestions indicated for Internal Assessment have
been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The project report has
been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of project work prescribed
for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering.

Signature of the Guide

Sign hereof the Guide
Signature Sign here of the HOD
Signature Signature of the Principal
Prof. Tejakshi N S Prof. Anand S Uppar Dr K E Prakash
Asst. Professor (CSE) HOD Dept. of CSE Principal, SDIT

EXTERNAL VIVA

Name of the Examiners Signature with Date

1. _________________ _________________________
2. _________________ _________________________
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

A successful project is a fruitful culmination of the efforts of many people. Some

directly involved and others who have quietly encouraged and extended their invaluable
support throughout its progress.

I would like to profoundly thank my CSE/ISE department for providing such a healthy
environment for successful completion of a technical project report.

I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to our Management for providing us with
the good infrastructure, laboratory facility, qualified and inspiring staff whose guidance was
of great help in successful completion of this project.

I am extremely grateful and thankful to our beloved Director and Principal Dr. K E
Prakash for providing a congenial atmosphere and also the necessary facilities for achieving
the cherished goal.

I feel delighted to have this page to express my sincere thanks and deep appreciation to
Prof. Anand S. Uppar, Head of the Department, Computer Science and Engineering, for
his valuable guidance, keen interest and constant encouragement throughout the entire period
of this project work.

I would like to thank my project guides Ms. Tejakshi N S of Computer Science

Department for their valuable guidance and constant support throughout the project work.

I would also like to thank all my staffs of the computer science department who have
directly or indirectly helped me in the completion of a technical project report.

And lastly, I would hereby acknowledge and thank my parents who have been a source
of inspiration and also instrumental in the successful completion of the internship project
report.

SAYYED FARAZ
4SH20CS056
 SHREE DEVI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(An Institution under VTU, Belagavi)

MANGALURU- 574 142

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

DECLARATION

I SAYYED FARAZ bearing USN 4SH20CS056 student of seventh semester B.E, Computer
Science and Engineering Dept of Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Mangalore, declare that
the project work entitled “Wireless Charger” has been duly executed by me under the
guidanceof Ms. Tejakshi N S, Asst. Professor, DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING, Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Mangalore and submitted in
fulfilment of the requirements for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering in Computer
Science and Engineering during the year 2023-2024.

Date: SAYYED FARAZ

Place:MANGALORE 4SH20CS056
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

NO. NO.

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 01-02

1.1
What is Wireless Charger 02-02
1.2
Different types of wireless charger 02-02
1.3
Wireless Charger Technology 02-02

CHAPTER 2 INDUCTIVE COUPLING 03-07

2.1
Resonant Induction 04-05
2.2 Capacitive coupling 06-07
2.3
Brief Introduction of Proposed Work 07-08

CHAPTER 3 METHEDOLOGY 08-20

3.1
Tools and Equipment Used 09-09
3.2
Block diagram of wireless mobile charger 09-09
3.3 Component Specification 10-10
3.4
Component Analysis 11-19
3.5
Simulation of circuit diagram 20-21

CHAPTER 4 FEATURES 22-22

4.1
Application 22-22
4.2
Advantages 22-22
4.3
Disadvantages 22-22

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE 23-23

SCOPE
5.1
Conclusion 23-23
5.2
Future Scope 23-23

REFERENCE 24-24
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Figure Name Page

No.
2.1 Simplified circuit Illustrating inductive coupling 3
2.2 Simplified circuit of resonant coupling 4
2.1.1 MIT lighting 60W bulb 2 meters away 5
2.2.1 Basic capacitive coupled system 6
2.3.1 Inductive Coupling with four component fluxes 6
3.2.1 Block diagram of wireless mobile phone charge 9
3.4.1 Image of HF-transformer 12
3.4.2 Diagram of Voltage Regulator 12
3.4.3 Image of bipolar transistor 13
3.4.4 Image of coil 14
3.4.5 LED 14
3.4.6 Image of PN junction diode 15
3.4.7 Image of Zener diode 15
3.4.8 Characteristic curve of PN Junction Diode 15
3.4.9 Characteristic curve of Zener diode 16
3.4.10 Image of film resistors 16
3.4.11 Image of Capacitors 17
3.4.12 Image of electrolyte capacitor 17
3.4.13 Image of cartridge fuse 18
3.4.14 Image of USB connector 18
3.4.15 PBT connector 19
3.4.16 Simulation of wireless mobile charger circuit diagram 20
A Study on Real World Implementation and Future Trends of Internet of Things 2022-23

7
Wireless Charger

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This system demonstrates the concept of wireless mobile charging system. The system allows
users to wirelessly charge their mobile phones without plugging in the mobile adapter. The system is
demonstrated using a charging pad where users just need to place their adapter circuit to charge the
mobile phone. For this purpose the advanced power transfer concept is utilized [1]. Most of today’s
wireless chargers use inductive charging thatis using a transmitter and receiver coil in close proximity.
Electric toothbrushes were one of the first devices to use this charging method and mobile phones
are the largest growing sector to charge without wires. To retrofit an existingmobile phone for mobile
charging, simply attach a “skin” that contains the receiver and provides interconnection to the charger
socket. Many new devices will have this feature builtin. Wireless charging with inductive coupling uses
an electromagnetic field that transfers energy from the transmitter to the receiver [2]. It is well known
that Nikola Tesla is a geniuswho lit the world. He is the person who defied the efficiency of direct
current invented by Thomas Edison. After that, he invented the Alternating current in order to
overcome the problem of direct current [3].
When Nikola Tesla discovered alternating current (AC) electricity, he had great difficulty
convincing men of his time to believe in it. Thomas Edison was in favor of direct current (DC)
electricity and opposed AC electricity strenuously. Tesla eventually sold his rights of his alternating
current patents to George Westinghouse for $1,000,000. After payingoff his investors, Tesla spent his
remaining funds on his other inventions and culminated hisefforts in a major breakthrough in 1899 at
Colorado Springs by transmitting 100 million volts of high-frequency electric power wirelessly over a
distance of 26 miles at which he lit up a bank of 200 light bulbs and ran one electric motor! With this
souped up version of his Tesla coil, Tesla claimed that only 5% of the transmitted energy was lost in
the process. Butbroke of funds again, he looked for investors to back his project of broadcasting electric
power in almost unlimited amounts to any point on the globe. The method he would use to produce
this wireless power was to employ the earth's own resonance with its specific vibrational frequency to
conduct AC electricity via a large electric oscillator [3]

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Wireless Charger
1.1 WHAT IS WIRELESS CHARGING?
Wireless charging is any of several methods of charging batteries without the use of cables or device-
specific Ac adaptors. Wireless charging can be used for a wide variety of devices including cell phones,
laptop computers and mp3 players as well as larger objects, such as robots and electric cars. Wireless
charger made up of coiled wires around the bar magnet i.ean inductor. Once an electric current pass
through the wires an electromagnetic field is created around the magnet, helping transfer a charge. Qi
wireless technology has helped transform wireless charging as well. There are 3 different type wireless
charging.

1.2 DIFFERENT TYPE OF WIRELESS CHARGING

There are 3 methods of wireless charging:

• Inductive charging

• Radio charging

• Resonance charging

1.2.1 Inductive charging

It is used for charging mid-sized items such as cell phones, MP3 players and PDAs. In inductive
charging, an adapter equipped with contact points is attached to the device’s back plate. When the
device requires a charge, It is placed on a conductive pad, which is plugged into a socket.

1.3 Wireless charger Technology:

Using the Qi (inductive power standard), Epic can embed wireless charging electronics in your custom
battery pack to work with off-the-shelf wireless charging pads that already exists.We also have in-house
engineering resources to help you develop a custom charging pad specific for your end product. The
costs associated with wireless power charging technologies have come down due to its increased
popularity in the portable device market. However, it should still be used only when there is a real
need for it to be used in your application. Hardwired connector type charging solutions are still much
more cost competitive and can deliver much faster charge times and more energy.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 2

Wireless Charger

CHAPTER 2
INDUCTIVE COUPLING

Inductive coupling refers to the phenomenon that exists when a magnetic field created by anelectrical
current induces an effect on something else. When this happens, the two then become mutually
reactive, or coupled, by the inductive effects of the magnetic field. For example, when an electrical
current passes through a wire, the electromagnetic field created can induce an electrical current in
another wire, causing the two to be inductively coupled. The principles and effects of inductive
coupling find use in devices such as transformers and electric motors. fig 2.1 simplified Circuit
Illustrating Inductive Coupling Shown below.

Fig 2.1 Simplified Circuit Illustrating Inductive Coupling

The formula of inductance is as follows:

Where L = inductance of coil in Henrys

N = Number of turns in wire of coil (straight wire=1)
= Permeability of core material
= Relative permeability (1 for air)
= Permeability of free space
l = Average length of coil in meters

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 3

Wireless Charger
When a second coil is introduced to a changing magnetic field of the primary coil, it will
cause an induced voltage in the second coil, thereby magnetically coupling the coils.
The voltage induced in the second coil is a function of mutual inductance, calculated by the
following formula:

Where LM = Mutual inductance

k = coefficient coupling between the two coils

L1 = Inductance of coil 1 L2 = Inductance of coil 2

The formulas above describe the principles of induction and how voltage is induced in a
second coil shown in fig 2.2 Simplified circuit of Resonant Induction Coupling.
Devices such as electric toothbrushes, charging mats for cell phones, and medical implants
use this method to recharge batteries. Some of the disadvantages of inductive charging are
the inefficiency of power transmission at a further distance, inability to control the
electromagnetic interference, and the electric heat lost.

Fig 2.2 Simplified circuit of Resonant Induction Coupling

There have been some attempts to reduce transfer loss in inductive coupling [5][6].
Methods such as implementing ultra-thin coils, higher frequencies, and enhancing drive
electronics are possible solutions. When implementing higher frequency induction to deliver
high power the efficiency reaches 86%, the other two methods are still being investigated for
any improvements.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 4

Wireless Charger

2.1 Resonant Induction

A variation of inductive coupling is resonant inductive coupling (RIC). A RIC circuit adds capacitors
to the circuit to tune the circuit to the operating frequency. Resonance is the tendency of a system to
oscillate with larger amplitude at some frequencies than at others. Resonance of a circuit involving
capacitors and inductors, in parallel, occurs because the collapsing magnetic field of the inductor
generates an electric current in its windings that charges the capacitor, and then the discharging
capacitor provides an electric current that builds the magnetic field in the inductor. The circuit in Fig
3.2 is a simplified representation of resonant inductive coupling. In this system, the capacitors in
parallel with the inductor setthe resonant frequency.

The two circuits need to resonate at the same frequency in order for this system to function properly.
It is important to note that resonance increases the range of inductive coupling. Fig 2.1.1 MIT lighting
60W bulb 2 meters away shown below. In 2007, MIT researchers experimented with self-resonant
inductive coils, concluding that resonance enhances power transmission range and strength. The
researchers demonstrated this by powering a 60W light bulb at a distance of two meters with an
efficiency of 45%.

Fig 2.1.1 MIT lighting 60W bulb 2 meters away

2.2 CAPACITIVE COUPLING:

A third method for wireless power transfer involves separating the power source and the loadwith two
parallel plates. Basic Capacitive Coupled system.These plates act as the anode and dependent upon the
available area on the receiving system, and the distance between the TXand RX plates.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 5

Wireless Charger

FIG 2.2.1 Basic Capacitive Coupled System

2.3 Brief Introduction of Proposed Work

2.3.1 Inductive Coupling
Inductive or Magnetic coupling works on the principle of electromagnetism. When a wire is
proximity to a magnetic field, it generates a magnetic field in that wire. Transferring energy
between wires through magnetic fields is inductive coupling. If a portion of the magnetic flux
established by one circuit interlinks with the second circuit, then two circuits are coupled
magnetically and the energy may be transferred from one circuit to the other circuit. This
energy transfer is performed by the transfer of the magnetic field which is common toboth
circuits.
In electrical engineering, two conductors are referred to as mutual-inductively coupled or
magnetically coupled when they are con Figd such that change in current flow through one
wire induces a voltage across the end of the other wire through electromagnetic induction.
The amount of inductive coupling between two conductors is measured by their mutual
inductance [4].

FIG 2.3.1 Inductive coupling with four component fluxes

Magnetic coupling between two individual circuits are shown in Fig 3.5. For the purpose of
analysis we assume the total flux which is established by i1 (circuit-1 current) is divided into

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 6

Wireless Charger

In this similar way the flux established by i2 (circuit-2 current) also has two components. One
component of it is φ22 which links with only circuit-2 but not with circuit-1 and the other
component is φ21 which link with both circuit-2 and circuit-1.
φ1=φ11+ φ12 and, φ2=φ22+ φ21
In equation one, φ12 is a fractional part of φ1, which links with the turns of circuit-2. So φ
called the mutual flux produced by circuit-1.
In the same way, in equation two, φ21 is the fractional part of φ2 which links with the turns of
circuit-1. So φ21 is called the mutual flux produced by circuit-2.
This is the phenomenon of how the inductive coupling takes place between two individual
circuits. This effect can be magnified or amplified through coiling the wire.
Power transfer efficiency of inductive coupling can be increased by increasing the number of
turns in the coil, the strength of the currentInductive Charging
Inductive charging uses the electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two objects. A
charging station sends energy through inductive coupling to an electrical device, which stores
the energy in the batteries. Because there is a small gap between the two coils, inductive
charging is one kind of short-distance wireless energy transfer.
Induction chargers typicallyuse an induction coil to create an alternating electromagnetic field
from within a charging base station, and a second induction coil in the portable device takes
power from the electromagnetic field and converts it back into electrical current to charge the
battery. The two induction coils in proximity combine to form an electrical transformer.
Greater distances can be achieved when the inductive charging system uses resonant
inductive coupling.
2.3.2 Uses of Inductive Charging and Inductive Coupling
• Inductive charging is used in transcutaneous energy transfer (TET) systems in
artificialhearts and other surgically implanted devices.
• It is used in Oral-B rechargeable toothbrushes by the Braun (company) since
the early1990s.
Hughes Electronics developed the magnetic charge interface for general motors. The general
motors’ EV1 electric car was charged by inserting an inductive charging paddle into a
receptacle on the vehicle. General motors and Toyota agreed on this interface and it was also
used in The Chevrolet S-10 EV and Toyota RAV4 EV vehicles

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 7

Wireless Charger

CHAPTER 3
METHEDOLOGY
Since this project is aimed at charging mobile phone wirelessly, Descriptive, Analytical,
Applied, and Fundamental based researches are carried out.
The entire circuit of the wireless mobile charger was redrawn from a preliminary drawing
using livewire simulation software. This is software used to design or build circuits as well
as simulate them to check for accuracy and efficiency of the circuit design before finally
constructing the physical work.
This section explains the methods used in the designing and constructing of the device; the
components used and a list of various tools and equipment used. Several tests are done on
both the software and hardware parts. Troubleshooting of the designed wireless mobile
charger is carried out.

3.1 Tools and Equipment Used

Several tools and equipment were used during the design and construction of this project.
Some of these tools and equipment and how they proved useful are explained below.
• Set of screw drivers:

The screwdrivers were used to tighten and loosen screws.

• Magnifying glass:

The magnifying glass was used in identifying the colour coding of resistors and also aided
in soldering.
• Soldering iron and soldering iron stand:

The soldering iron was used to melt lead to enable soldering of components. The soldering
iron heats to a high temperature which posed danger so the soldering stand was used to
contain it while it was hot to prevent danger.
• Soldering iron sucker:

The soldering iron sucker was used to dis-solder the lead from the PCB.

3.2 Block Diagram of Wireless Mobile Charger

The block diagram of wireless mobile charger consist of two sections namely transmitter circuit and

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 8

Wireless Charger
the receiver circuit, the transmitter circuit consist of a 230V AC supply, AC to DC rectifier, DC to
AC inverter, a high frequency transformer and a transmitter coil whiles the receiver circuit consist of
a receiver coil, AC to DC rectifier, voltage regulator and finally a mobile phone which is used as a
load.

Fig 3.2.1 Block diagram of wireless mobile phone charge

3.3 Component Specification:

Component used in wireless charger are listed below with specifications

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 9

Wireless Charger

Table I: Component Specification

Number Name Specification Quantity

1 Fuse 630Ma (5A) 1

2 Printed circuit Small 1

board

3 LED Red 1

4 Fixed capacitor 0.22µF/100V 4

Electrolytic 470µF/35Vand
5 capacitor 10µF/63V 2

330+/- 5%Ω and

6 Resistor 7.8+/-5%Ω 5

Diode (1N4007)
7 BA157 10

8 Zener diode 1N4734A 1

9 Coil 1
26guage, 9cm
diameter

Bipolar transistors
10 (NPN) 2N3053 2

Voltage regulator
11 IC 7805 1

High frequency 230V to 12V (AC)

12 1
transformer

13 USB connector 4 pin 1

14 PBT connector 2-pin 1

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 10

Wireless Charger

3.3 Component Analysis

Hardware Components:

• High frequency transformer

• Voltage regulator
• Transistor
• Coil
• LED
• Diode
• Resistor
• Capacitor
• Fuse
• USB connector
• PBT connector

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 11

Wireless Charger

1. HIGH FREQUENCY TRANSFORMER

The high frequency transformer are calculated with the help of effective core volume Ve and
the minimum core cross-section Amin. for a required power output Pout = Vout Iout and choosen
switching frequency a suitable core volume Ve must be determined. Frequency usually should
between 20 and 100khz.In this our project high frequency transformer was used to convert
230V AC to 12V AC and to gain a frequency between 25khz to 40khz.

Fig 3.4.1 Image of HF-Transformer

2. Voltage Regulator IC
Features
• Output Current up to 1A
• Output Voltages of 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24V
• Thermal Overload Protection
• Short Circuit Protection
• Output Transistor Safe Operating Area Protection

Fig 3.4.2 Diagram of Voltage Regulator

A voltage regulator is an electrical regulator designed to automatically maintain a constant

voltage level. A voltage regulator may be a simple "feed-forward" design or may include
feedback control. In this project a 7805 voltage regulator was used in order to maintain a
constant output voltage of 5V DC.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 12

Wireless Charger
The output voltage can only be held roughly constant; the regulation is specified by two
measurements:
Load regulation is the change in output voltage for a given change in load current (for example:
"typically 15mV, maximum 100mV for load currents between 5mA and 1.4A, at some
specified temperature and input voltage").

3. Transistor
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. NPN,
a two-junction (bipolar) semiconductor transistor with an N-type collector and emitter, and
a P-type base. In such a device, the current amplification arises from the injection of holes
from the emitter into the base, and their subsequent collection in the collector [20]. In this
project two 2N3053 bipolar transistors (NPN) were used as a switch and to aid the
transformer attain a frequency between 25kHz to 40khz.

Fig 3.4.3 Image of Bipolar Transistors (NPN)

4. Coil
A coil is a series of loops. A coiled coil is a structure where the coil itself is in turn also
looping, one loop of wire is usually referred to as a turn, and a coil consists of one or more
turns. Coils are often coated with varnish and/or wrapped with insulating tape to provide
additional insulation and secure them in place.

In this project a 26gauge copper wire was used to form a coil of 9 turns at the transmitter
side and 36 turns at the receiver side.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 13

Wireless Charger

Fig 3.4.4 Image of a coil

5. LED

Fig 3.4.4 Image of a coil shown above.LED(s) are semiconductor devices. Like transistors,
and other diodes, LED(s) are made out of silicon. What makes an LED give off light are the
small amounts of chemical impurities that are added to the silicon, such as gallium, arsenide,
indium, and nitride. When current passes through the LED, it emits photons as a by-product.
In this our project a red LED was used as a power indicator and moreover LED(s) produce
photons directly and not via used as a bridge rectifier and zener diode also to serve a purpose
of blocking the charges feeding when the load is fully charged and more importantly because
of the following reason:
Diodes of number IN4001, IN4002, IN4003, IN4004, IN4005, IN4006 and IN4007 have
maximum reverse bias voltage capacity of 50V and maximum forward current capacity of 1
Amp.

Fig 3.4.5 Image of LED

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 14

Wireless Charger

6. DIODE
Diodes are used to convert AC into DC these are used as half wave rectifier or full wave
rectifier. Three points must be kept in mind while using any type of diode.
• Maximum forward current capacity

• Maximum reverse voltage capacity

• Maximum forward voltage capacity

Fig 3.4.6 Image of PN junction diode

Fig 3.4.7 Image of zener diodes

3.4.9 characteristic curve of PN junction diode

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 15

Wireless Charger

. fig 3.4.9 Characteristic curve of zener diode

7) Resistor
A resistor is a two-terminal electronic component designed to oppose an electric current by
producing a voltage drop between its terminals in proportion to the current, that is, in
accordance with Ohm's law:
V = IR

Fig 3.4.10 Image of Film Resistors

The primary characteristics of resistors are their resistance and the power they can dissipate.
Other characteristics include temperature coefficient, noise, and inductance. Less well-known
is critical resistance, the value below which power dissipation limits the maximum permitted
current flow, and above which the limit is applied voltage [24]. In this project film resistors
were used to limit the flow of current with regards to the component they are installed to.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 16

Wireless Charger

8) Capacitor
A capacitor is a passive electronic component consisting of a pair of conductors separated
by a dielectric. When a voltage potential difference exists between the conductors, an
electric field is present in the dielectric. This field stores energy and produces a
mechanical force between the plates. The effect is greatest between wide, flat, parallel,
narrowly separated conductors.
1.Fixed Capacitor
The fixed capacitor is constructed in such a manner that it possesses a fixed value of
capacitance which cannot be adjusted; it was used in the project to maintain a constant
and unchanging value of capacitance and also has the ability to hold an electrical charge.

Fig 3.4.11 Image of Fixed Capacitors

9) Electrolytic Capacitor
The electrolytic capacitor is used in the project because they are polarized capacitors whose
anode electrode (+) are made of a special metal on which an insulating oxide layer originates
by anodiazation (forming), which acts as the dielectric of the electrolytic capacitor.
Electrolytic capacitor is used where a large amount of capacitance is required. It was used
for the project because of its following features;
• It containment of a high concentration of ions.They are polarized, which means that
the voltage on the positive terminal must always be greater than the voltage on he
negative terminal

Fig 3.4.12 Image of Electrolytic Capacitor

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 17

Wireless Charger

10) Fuse

A fuse is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide over
current protection of either the load or source circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire
or strip that melts when too much current flows through it, interrupting the circuit that it
connects [27].
In the project a 5A cartridge fuse was connected at the point of the 230V AC input to protect
the circuit from a current above 5A.

Fig 3.4.13 Image of cartridge fuses

11) USB Connector

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a hardware interface for connecting peripherals such as
keyboards, mouse, joystick, storage device etc [28].
USB connector was used in the project as a port in which the USB cable is connected toin
order to induce power to the phone through the USB cable

Fig 3.4.14 Image of USB connecter

Before using USB as a power source you must be aware of the colour coding. The Fig 3.4.13
and table 3.4.14 shows the colour coding of a typical USB A type connector. If you cut open
a USB cable you will see 5 different wires.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 18

Wireless Charger
12) PBT Connector
Two Pin, Screw type PCB Terminal Block, generally used for power connections on a circuit
board. Owing to high mechanical strength, heat resistance up to 150degC and non-
combustible nature of the PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) material.
In our project PBT connecter type was used to link the receiver coil to the receiver

circuit board and also is strongly recommended for conections that require high degree of
electrical insulation.

Fig 3.4.15 Image of PBT connector screw terminal

Circuit Design of Wireless Mobile Charger: The device was first designed and the circuit
proposed was simulated using a computer simulation software (livewire software). A prototype was
then constructed and tested before it was transferred to the perforated board.

Design of the Device: The design of the project is divided into sections. Each section was separately
designed according to the desired specifications.

Design of the AC Power Supply and Rectification Circuit: A 5A fuse was used for protection
from over currents and short circuits. This section is intended to receive an incoming 230V AC power
input and then rectified by four diodes with the full wave rectification system which convert the 230V
AC into pulsating 230V DC. The rectified output is then smoothed by a filter consisting of capacitors
because of the pulsating DC output.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 19

Wireless Charger

Simulation of Circuit Diagram

The simulation of the circuit diagram of wireless mobile phone charger was done by the help
of livewire-professional edition software.

Fig 3.4.16 Simulation of wireless mobile charger circuit diagram

Procedures for Constructing Wireless Mobile Charger
The device was first designed and the circuit proposed was simulated using a computer
simulation program. Aprototype was then constructed and tested before it was transferred to
the printed circuit board (PCB).
Considering this project we had to mount the component related to power supply sections as
per the circuit diagram and the layout. While mounting we checked for the proper polarity
of components like diodes, electrolytic capacitors, etc. as one reversed polarity mounting
could result in none functioning of the project or even sometimes damaging to the extent of
irrepairability.
The components we soldered with the help of soldering iron and soldering wire (lead). For
soldering, the soldering iron was powered up and made to heat for about few seconds, once
heated up, it was ready to solder components to the board. The components were soldered
by touching the hot tip of the iron between the component leads and the copper surface of the
printed circuit board (PCB) along with the solder wire tip touched at the same spot.
Solder wire melt on the copper surface also touching the component lead resulting in
canonical formation with the component lead at its center and PCB at its base after removal
of the iron from the tip of the component and the surface.

DEPT OF CSE, SDIT 20

Wireless Charger
Packaging of Wireless Mobile Charger
• The measurement of the printed circuit board was taken and coral draw software was
used to draw the design of the Perspex sheet. The computer output is connected to a machine
called epilock which was used to cut the size of the printed circuit board.
• The constructed circuit was enclosed in a spacious Perspex box.
• The printed circuit board with the device circuit was glued down to the Perspex box.
• The transmitter and the receiver coils were held in position with a perspex sheet.
Epoxy glue was used to seal the edges of the Perspex box with that completing the packaging.
Testing of the Device

Continuity Test: In electronics, a continuity test is the checking of an electric circuit to see
if current flows (that it is in fact a complete circuit). A continuity test is performed by placing
a small voltage (wired in series with an LED or noise-producing component such as a
piezoelectric speaker) across the chosen path. If electron flow is inhibited by broken
conductors, damaged components, or excessive resistance, the circuit is "open".
This test is performed just after the hardware soldering and configuration has been completed.
This test aims at finding any electrical open paths in the circuit after the soldering. Many a times, the
electrical continuity in the circuit is lost due to improper soldering, wrong and rough handling of the
PCB, improper usage of the soldering iron, component failures and presence of bugs in the circuit
diagram. We use a multi meter to perform this test. We keep the multi meter in buzzer mode and
connect the ground terminal of the multi meter to the ground. We connect both the terminals across
the path that needs to be checked. If there is continuation then you will hear the beep sound.

Precautionary Measures Taken in the Design and Construction

A lot of precautions were taken during the design and construction of the device with the
power supply cut off from the PCB, the IC’s were carefully inserted thus special attention
was taken while inserting the IC’s because if the pins bent while inserting, they may break
off rendering it unusable for further use in the project. The assembled PCB was kept in far
off vicinity of moisture areas as water may short circuit the PCB (when powered on). The
data sheets of the various components were consulted to ensure proper pin connection and
correct functioning. All components in the circuit were connected in their right polarities to
prevent explosion.

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CHAPTER 4

APPLICATIONS, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

4.1 APPLICATIONS

• The largest application of the WPT is the production of power by placing satellites
with giant solar arrays in Geosynchronous Earth Orbit and transmitting the power as
microwaves to the earth known as Solar Power Satellites (SPS).
• WPT is used in moving targets like fuel-freeelectric vehicles, fuel- free airplanes,
fuel-free rockets and moving robots.
• The other applications of WPT are Wireless power source or Ubiquitous Power
Source, RF Power Adaptive Rectifying Circuits and Wireless sensors.
• Wireless charging lets you charge your smartphones battery without a cable and plug. Most
wireless charging device take the form of a special pad or surface on which you place your phone
to allow it to charge.

4.2 ADVANTAGES
• WPT system completely reduces existing high tension power transmission cables ,
substations and towers between the consumers and generating station.
• The cost of the distribution and transmission become less.
• The cost of the electrical energy to the consumers also reduces.
• The power could be transmitted to places to which the wired transmission is not
possible.
4.3 DISADVANTAGES
• Not exactly wireless. When people hear the term wireless, they immediately think
that they can move around pretty freely. Unfortunately, this isn’t the case with wireless
charging. Whereas with a cord you are at least free to move around the diameter of the cord,
with current wireless charging your smartphone has to stay on top of the charging pad in
order to continuously charge.
• You aren’t able to use your phone. See above. The phone needs to stay on the pad in
order to continue charging.

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CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

5.1 CONCLUSION
As wireless power begins to grow more of these devices would be manufactured with a
wireless option and the use of wireless power will become widespread in new homes. In
addition, a power source coil could be manufactured to be powered from traditional plug in
to give old home owners the options of upgrading their homes to wireless power. Because
only new homes and new devices would contain the wireless technology there would not be
a large abundance of electric waste caused by scrapping old wired electronics. The transition
would be somewhat slow and take many years to show up in a majority of places However
switching to wireless power would increase the efficiency and the risks of being exposed to
the magnetic fields caused by the resonant inductive coupling, however there is currently
little to no evidence showing that there are any health risks posed by this technology .Being
a new technology it cannot be determined whether it causes long term health problems and
more research on this topic must to be performed.

5.2 FUTURE SCOPE

Wireless charging promises to expand the range and increase mobility for IoT device users.
The first-generation of wireless chargers only allowed for a distance of a few centimeters
between the device and the charger. For new chargers, the distance has increased to about
10 centimeters. As the technology continues to advance rapidly, it could soon be possible to
transmit power through the air across distances of several meters.
The business and commercial sector also continues to introduce new and innovative
applications for wireless chargers. Restaurant tables that charge smartphones and other smart
devices, office furniture with integrated charging capabilities, and kitchen counters that
power the coffee machine and other appliances wirelessly are some of the potential
applications of the technology.

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REFERENCES

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wireless_power

2. Kurs, André; Karalis, Aristeidis; Moffatt, Robert (July 2007). "Wireless

Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances"
(PDF). Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 317:
83–85. Bibcode:2007Sci...317...83K
3. ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20110015860 .pdf

4. "Wireless energy transfer". Encyclopedia of terms. PC Magazine Ziff-Davis. 2014.

5. Wireless Power Transmission for Solar Power Satellite (SPS) (Second Draft by N.
Shinohara), Space Solar Power Workshop, Georgia Institute of Technology

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