GENERAL EDUCATION

A. Intellectual B.Personal & Civic C.Practical Skills

Competencies Responsibilities & Development
✓Purposive Com. ✓Readings in
✓The Contemporary
in English Philippine History
World
✓Malayang Kom. & Society
✓Art Appreciation
sa Filipino ✓The Life & Works
✓Understanding
✓Science, Tech. & of Jose Rizal
The Self
Society ✓Ethics
✓Mathematics
Science, Technology
& Society
 involves a pursuit of
knowledge covering
general truths or the
operation of
fundamental laws
TECHNOLOGY
Application of
scientific
knowledge
for practical
purposes
 SOCIETY
Aggregate of
people living
together in a
more or less
ordered
community
 Science, Technology
& Society
Study of how modern science and
technology shape modern culture,
values and institutions and how
modern values shape science and
technology
THE IMPORTANCE
OF STS IN
CONTEMPORARY
SOCIETY
MILITARY SIGNIFICANCE
•World War II depended heavily on the
superior scientific and technological
capabilities of US and its allies
•Vital role to national security
•More budgets are allocated for
government research and development
for military related projects
ECONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE
•Science and Technology are the leading
companies in the industry
•Increasingly important factors in
national economic competitiveness for
the future
MEDICAL SIGNIFICANCE
•Advances in medical diagnosis
•Technology on surgery
•Vaccines
•Therapeutic drugs
•Prosthetic drugs
 SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY IN
ANCIENT TIME
Pre-historic Age
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
 1.Stone Age
•Period of weapons made of
stone, wood, bone or some
other materials aside from
metals
 Stone Age
•Paleolithic: Old Stone Age
•Mesolithic: Middle Stone Age
•Neolithic: New Stone Age
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
•Hunter-gatherers
•Nomadic/semi-nomadic
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
•Lower Paleolithic Period- use
of simple stone tools
•Homo erectus/Australopithecus
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
•Middle Paleolithic Period-
cavemen who use fire, bone
and stone tools and needles
for sewing body coverings
•Neanderthals
Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
•Upper Paleolithic Period-
communal hunting, fishing,
painting, supernatural beliefs,
making sculpture and
ornaments, highly refined
weapons (cave paintings)
Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)
•Gradual change in the way
human lived
•Pottery, use of bows, fishing
•From food gathering to
agriculture/food production
 Neolithic (New Stone Age)
•Development based on
agriculture and animals
•Rise of urban civilization
 2.Bronze Age
•Weapons were made out of
bronze or copper
•Metal extraction
 3.Iron Age
•City planning
•Agriculture, art and religion
•Writing systems including
alphabet
 Science and
Technology
In Middle Ages
1.China
•AGRICULTURE
-Farming started in Huang Ho
and Yang Tze river
-large scale silk production
1.China
•SCIENCE
-Calendar with 365 and ¼ days
in a year were developed
-numbers expressed in decimal
1.China
•TECHNOLOGY
-Paper
-Seismograph
-mechanical clock
-gun/gun powder
2. India
•Siddhanta Shiromani- Book of
planets, latitude and longitude
•Ruler (Accurate measurement)
•Aryabhatiya(Book: Trigonometric
functions)
•Arabic numerical system
3. Egypt
•Nile River-Where they got
resources
•Development of geometry
•Pyramids and dams
•Metallurgy
•Hieroglyphics
Pre-Columbian
American
Civilization
•Mayan
•Aztec
•Incas
1. Mayan
•INFRASTRACTURE
-Pyramids made of limestones
-large sculpture
•ECONOMY
-Cocoa beans were used as
monetary units
1. Mayan
•ASTRONOMY
-calendar with 365 days in a year
with 18 months
-positions of different heavenly
bodies were observed and
recorded
2.Aztec
•INFRASTRACTURE
-high temples were built for
deities
ASTRONOMY
-decimal notations and zero
3. Inca
•AGRICULTURE
-farming was practiced in
terraced field with canals for
irrigation
-clothes from llama and alpaca
SCIENTIFIC
REVOLUTION
Copernican Revolution
Darwinian Revolution
Freudian Revolution
Copernican Revolution
Claudius Ptolemy Nicolaus Copernicus

Geocentric model Heliocentric model

Library of Alexandria
5000 Stadia=800 km
40,000 km
Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler
Geo-heliocentric model
3 Laws of Planetary Motion
Perihelion Aphelion
 Kepler’s Third Law
•The squares of the orbital
periods of the planets are
directly proportional to the
cubes of the semi-major axes of
the orbit
Darwinian Revolution
 Alfred Russel
Charles Darwin Wallace
Natural Selection
 SCIENTIFIC
AND
MATHEMATICAL
APPROACH
 Empiricism or
experimental method
•Instead of
reasoning from
abstract theories,
experiment and
then draw
Francis Bacon conclusions
 •Developed
analytical
geometry,
which linked
algebra and
geometry
Rene Descartes
 •Law of universal
gravitation
•Laws of motion

Isaac Newton
Freudian Revolution
 FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL THEORY
•Personality development in
childhood takes place during five
psychosexual stages. During each
stage , sexual energy (libido) is
expressed in different ways and
through different part
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION
Telescope

Galileo Galilei
Computer

Charles Babbage
“Cell”

Robert Hooke
Microscope

Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

Vaccine

Edward Jenner
Penicillin

Alexander Flemming
Telephone

Alexander Graham bell

Light bulb

Thomas Edison
Radium and
radioactivity

Marie Curie
Airplane

Wright brothers
X-Ray

Wilhelm Roentgen
 DISOVERER CONTRIBUTION
Alessandro Volta Battery
PHYSICS Andre-Marie Ampere Ampere’s Law to tell how
electric current produces
magnetism
Paul Erman Made 1st measurement
of earth’s magnetism
Michael Faraday Magnetism generates
electricity
Heinrich Hertz Discovery, detection and
production of radio
 DISOVERER CONTRIBUTION

CHEMISTRY Benjamin Franklin Discover positive and

negative charges
Antoine- Laurent de Performed combustion
Lavoisier experiments
John Dalton Atomic theory
Joseph John Discovered electrons
Thompson
 RISE OF
DIGITAL AGE
•Computers- invented by Charles
Babbage
•Internet- (Vincent Cerf and Robert
Khan) developed in California in 1960s,
used by scientists to communicate
•World Wide Web- (Tim Berners lee)
made for commercial purposes for
online shopping
•E-mail- invented by Shiva Ayyadurai
•Facebook- (Mark Zuckerberg) social
net working site
•YouTube- (Chad Hurley and Steve
Chen)
•Google- (Larry Paige and Sergey Brin)
 IMPACT OF DIGITAL AGE
•Globalization- made countries closer
that led to more efficient, faster and
easy sharing of information
•Communication- quicker, cheaper and
more efficient
•Cost effectiveness- increased
productivity
•Creation of new jobs
IMPORTANT
INVENTIONS
 FIELDS INVENTION
Biotechnology Biogas, DNA fingerprinting,
gene cloning, GMO
Communication AM radio, mobile phone,
satellites
Defense Army tank, atomic bomb,
nuclear bomb, tear gas
 FIELDS INVENTION
Entertainment Animated cartoon film,
beta max video system, CD
player,motion picture
sound
Transportation Airplane,diesel locomotive,
jet engine, spacecraft
FIELDS INVENTION
Medicine Artificial organs, blood
bank, electron microscope,
test tube baby, MRI,
ultrasound
Biotechnology:
GMO
•Genetically Modified
Organisms (GMO)- organisms
whose genetic materials have
been manipulated, modified
or altered using techniques of
genetic engineering
 Biotechnology:
Gene Therapy
•Gene therapy- method of
inserting genes into cells as
a form of medicine to
prevent or cure genetic
diseases
 TYPES OF GENE THERAPY
•Somatic Gene Therapy- insertion
of therapeutic genes in somatic
cells to cure genetic diseases and
found in a patient and can’t be
inherited by succeeding
generations
 TYPES OF GENE THERAPY
•Germ Line Therapy- correction of
disease-causing gene to be
inherited by succeeding
generations
•No attempt: technical, safety and
ethical issues
 APPROACHES
•In vivo gene therapy- direct
delivery of genes in the cells of a
particular tissue in the body
•Uses medium or carrier called
vector
 APPROACHES
•Ex vivo-collecting genes from the
patient, modifies them in
laboratory and re-introduce them
to the patient
BIODIVERSITY:
Threats and
Conservation
•Biodiversity- totality of
diverse life forms found in
biosphere (from
microorganisms to
multicellular organisms)
 IMPORTANCE
•Consumptive value- direct utilization
of goods by human (foods/fuel/
medicine/ industrial materials)
•Non-Consumptive- all functions and
services that biodiversity offers
(recreation/ education and research/
ecological services)
 THREATS
•Climate change-long term and
irreversible change in earth’s climate
which is associated with human
activities
•Loss of habitat- changes in
environment
 THREATS
•Pollution
•Invasive Species- introduction of
unnatural species to a new habitat
•Exploitation of Plants and Animals-
direct or indirect harvesting of plants/
animals that led to its diminishing
•Growth of human population
 CONSERVATION
•In situ Conservation- takes place
within the species natural habitat
•Ex situ Conservation- uses breeding
and maintenance of endangered
species in artificial ecosystem
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
•Being mindful with our environment
and making choices that benefits our
planet.
•Schools play an important role in the
formation of children’s positive
attitude toward nature
 BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
•Imagination and enthusiasm are
heightened
•Learning transcends the classroom
•Critical and creative thinking are
enhanced
•Develop tolerance and understanding
 BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
•Healthy lifestyle are encouraged
•Communities are strengthened
•Responsible action is taken to the
betterment of environment
•Students and teachers are empowered
ACTIVITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL
EDUCATION
•Introducing the 3R’s (reducing waste,
reusing resources and recycling
materials)
•Organize tree planting activities
•Encourage students to unplug devices
that are not in use
 ACTIVITIES FOR
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION
•Teaching by example
S&T in the
Philippines
Pre-colonial period
The natives of archipelago
already had practices linked
to Science & Technology
(system of writing,weighing
and measuring system,
calendar, shipbuilding,
mining and
weaving)
Spanish colonial period

-Formal Education
System was
established
(schools, hospitals and
beginning of scientific
research)
American colonial period

-agriculture, food
processing,
medicine
and pharmacy
-free primary
education
Period after Independence

• Institute of Science
• Institute of Nutrition
• Science Foundation in The Philippines
• Commission on Volcanology
Period after Independence

• National Institute of Physics

• National Institute of Geological
Sciences
• National Institute of Natural Science
Researches
• National Institute of Chemistry
Period after Independence

• National Institute of Biology

• National Institute of Mathematical
Science
 EDUCATION
SCIENCE SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES
- Philippine Science High School
- Quezon City Regional Science High School
- Manila Science High School
- Central Visayan Institute Foundation
- Special Science Elementary Schools
AGENCY

DOST
AGENCY Primary science and
technology body in
the country,
supporting local
efforts in science and
technology and
research
DOST development
GOV’T POLICIES
-Provide funds for researches
-Balik scientist program
-Scholarship programs
-National science complex and national
engineering complex
-Engineering and science education program
INDIGENOUS S&T
Indigenous Knowledge Systems
& Practices
-local knowledge developed over centuries
of experimentation by our ancestors & are
passed orally from generation to generation
114 million Filipinos

11 million IP’s
20%
 RA 8371
INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S RIGHTS ACT OF 1997
-An act to recognize, protect and promote
the rights of indigenous cultural
communities/ indigenous peoples, creating a
national commission on indigenous peoples,
establishing implementing mechanisms,
appropriating funds and other purposes
IPs of Benguet
NATURAL HEALTH PRACTICES
-Uling (charcoal): for stomach ache.
-Coconut shell: for wounds or for those who
are newly circumcised.
-Kigis, guava shoots, sapsap shoots: for
wounds
-Cogon grass roots: for kidney problems
IPs of South Phil.
Pottery and Weaving
REMARKABLE
FILIPINO
SCIENTISTS
Gregorio Y. Zara
-inventor of the
videophone
-Had 30 inventions
patented under his name
-National Scientist
Award was given by
President Ferdinand
Marcos
Fe Del Mundo
-First Female National
Scientist
-Wrote the “Textbook of
Pediatrics” and articles
about some diseases
-invented an incubator
made of bamboo
Dr. Hilario D.G. Lara
-Father of Modern Public
Health Movement
-promotion of health and
sanitation of environment
which led to the control of
cholera, typhoid fever,
dysentery, measles and
diphtheria in the country
Abelardo Aguilar
-The Filipino physician who
helped discover
erythromycin, the new drug
was capable of treating
several kinds of infections
minus the common side-
effects of antibiotics
Dr. Rodulfo Aquino
-isolated nine specific
breeds of rice for IRRI & help
to prevent famine in much
of Asia, and were nearly
solely responsible for
Thailand and Vietnam
becoming the world’s
leading rice producers
Benjamin Cabrera -contribution on medical
parasitology and public
health that changed the
way mosquito-borne
diseases were treated.
-He also made progress
into developing
treatments for parasite-
infested agricultural soil.
Benjamin Almeda Sr.-Father of Filipino Inventors
because of his several
designed food-processing
machines
-rice grinder, meat grinder,
and coconut grater, ice
shaver, waffle cooker,
barbecue cooker, hot dog
griller and portable toaster
Dr. Teodulo Topacio
-works on leptospiral
disease of domesticated
animals
-main contributions on
animal diseases for
veterinary and medical
professionals
-Anti-Rabies Act
Rolando Dela Cruz
-created natural non-
surgical approach in
removing warts, moles and
other skin growths formula
by mixing the extracts of
cashew nuts together with
native lime, papaya, fig, de-
ionized water and talc
Roberto Del Rosario

-invented his own version

of karaoke machine
Eduardo Quisumbing
-known as the “Father of
Philippine Orchidology”
-He was a Filipino botanist
and was a noted expert in
the medicinal plants.
Dioscoro Lopez Umali
-Father of Philippine Plant
Breeding
-improved the abaca
resistance to diseases and
increasing pulp and paper
quality by crossbreeding it
to abaca relatives.
-improved rice and corn
dramatically;
Ramon Barba

-Father of Horticulture in
the Philippines
-Advancements in the
Mango Industry
Julian Banzon
-Fermentative Utilization
of Cassava
-produced the first
authoritative work on the
derivation of fuels from
sugar cane and coconut
Dr. Enrique Ostrea
-Meconium Drug Testing
detecting the presence of
toxins, nicotine, non-
narcotics drugs and other
substances in the
meconium
-Physical Abnormalities of
children in Mindanao
Lucille Abad
-invented a wound
dressing called the sterile
hydrogel from a seaweed
found to be more
effective in reducing pain
and scar formation
Alfredo Lagmay
-provides early warning
system for natural
hazards (e.g. typhoons,
tsunamis, earthquakes),
providing at least six
hours lead time against
impending floods
through project NOAH
Angel Alcala
-a Filipino ecologist and
biologist whose primary
focus of study is marine
biology and ecological
conservation
-the creation of artificial
reefs
Dr. Reinabelle Reyes
-“The Filipina who proved
Einstein right” when she
performed a test of Einstein’s
General Relativity in a
cosmological scale by
analyzing observations of
70,000 galaxies from the Sloan
Digital Sky Survey
1.Which item describes technology?
A. Continuous observation of natural
phenomena
B. Use of theory to make predictive accuracy
C. Apply knowledge to create tools that are
convenient for human
D. Use creativity, develop and produce new
products for commercial benefit
2.What period brought changes in
people’s perceptions and beliefs that
cause advancements in Science and
Technology?
A.Scientific Revolution
B. Renaissance Period
C. Information Age
D. Digital Revolution
3.What is the idea of geocentric theory?
A. It tells that the sun is the center of the
universe
B. It tells that the earth is the center of the
universe
C. It tells that the moon and stars are at the
center of the universe
D. It tells that heavenly bodies are free
floating in the solar system
4. A Polish astronomer who proposed
that the Sun, not the Earth was the
center of the Universe?
A. Aristotle
B. Nicolaus Copernicus
C. Johannes Kepler
D. Tycho Brahe
5. Which era is known as the “old
stone age” where pre-historic men
learned to use fire
A. Mesolithic
B. Neolithic
C. Paleolithic
D. B and C
6. Which Mesoamerican civilization is
known for its own construction of
irrigation system mainly for agriculture
use?
A. Aztec
B. Inca
C. Maya
D. Both A and B
7. Which country is known for its
invention of Acupuncture,
Compass,paper making and Lunar
Calendar?
A. India
B. China
C. Egypt
D. United Arab Emirates
8. The ancient tools used by early
men were mainly for the purpose of?
A. Mass production of textiles
B. Hunting and farming
C. Production of artillery
D. Sea transportation
9. Kepler’s second law of
planetary motion is known as?
A. Law of Ellipses
B. Law of Periods
C. Law of Harmonies
D. Law of Equal Areas
10. The point in which the Earth
is most distant from the sun is
called?
A. Aphelion
B. Perihelion
C. Summer solstice
D. Winter solstice
11. Greek philosopher who
proposed that the Earth is
spherical based on his
observation of the phases of the
moon
A. Aristotle C. Pythagoras
B. Ptolemy D.Eratosthenes
12. Which of the following
demonstrates the arrangement of
lunar eclipse?
A. Sun-Earth-Moon
B. Sun-Moon-Earth
C. Moon-Sun-Earth
D. Moon-Earth-Sun
13. She is the First Female National
Scientist who invented bamboo
incubator
A. Angel Alcala
B. Fe Del Mundo
C. Dr. Reinabelle Reyes
D. Lucille Abad
14. What Government Agency is in
charge with state policy of
supporting local efforts in Science,
technology and research
development?
A. DOE C. DOST
B. DTI D. DOH
15. What is the role of government in
regulating scientific and technological
advancements?
A. To control and limit scientific research
B. To promote and fund scientific research
C. To develop and market new technologies
D. To prioritize profit-driven innovation
16.Which technology developed to
solve the problem of energy
shortage?
A. RC Drone
B. Spacecraft
C. Wind turbine
D. Satellite
17.Which of the following is the most
serious negative effect of using Artificial
Intelligent (AI) technology?
A. The use of more electrical energy
B. Causing human relations to
deteriorate
C. Health impact of damaging eyes
D. The loss of workers job
18. Which may be a negative aspect of
technology?
A. It help to facilitate human life
B. It help to solve problems in society
C. It cause more use of natural resources
D. It make the production process more
efficient
19. On this theory, Charles Darwin said
that populations pass through a gradual
process of natural selection in which only
the fittest would survive
A. Theory of psychoanalysis
B. Theory of evolution
C. Theory of extinction
D. Theory of gravitational force
20. Who is the Philippine President known
to usher advancements in science and
technology in the country?
A. Corazon Aquino
B. Diosdado Macapagal
C. Ferdinand Marcos
D. Ramon Magsaysay
CONTRIBUTION
OF PHILIPPINE
PRESIDENTS TO
S&T
Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
-enacted PD no. 1003-A
which founded the National
Science and Technology
Authority
-brought nuclear power plant
Power to the country
Corazon Aquino
-NSTA to Dept. of Science
and Technology (DOST)
-Philippine Inventors
Incentive Act which gave
financial assistance to
Filipino Investors
Fidel Ramos
-provided scholarships to
individuals who will pursue
Science-related courses
-Doctor to the Barrios
program
Joseph Estrada
-Philippine Clean Air Act of
1999 which aims to protect
environment
-Electronic Commerce Act of
2000 which outlaws
computer hacking and
provide opportunities for
new emerging business
Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

-RA 9367 Biofuels Act

-RA 10601 improves
Agriculture and Fisheries
sector to mechanization
-Filipinnovation
Noynoy Aquino
-microsatellite “DIWATA”
-awarded four National
Scientist
*Ramon Barba, Angel
Alcala, etc.
Rodrigo Duterte
-launched the Build! Build!
Build! Program
-rehabilitation of Boracay
Island
21. Which of the following is NOT a
contribution of the Spaniards in the
Philippines?
A. Churches
B. Galleon trade
C. Universities
D. Free education
22. Which of the following is an
example of Artificial intelligence
technology?
A. An automatic washing machine
B. A portable microscope
C. A self driving car
D. An electric motorcycle
23. Which of the following
appliances consumes most
electricity?
A. Refrigerator
B. TV
C. Aircon
D. Washing machine
24. Which of the following is a
potential benefit of genetic
engineering in agriculture?
A. Pesticide-resistance of pests
B. Decreased crop yield
C. Improved disease resistance
D. Soil erosion
25. What is the massive driver of
pollution?
A.Population
B.Urbanization
C.Development
D.Climate change
26. What is the term for the study of
ethical issues related to Science and
Technology?
A. Physics Study of matter, energy & force
B. Chemistry Study of structure, properties
& behavior of matter
C. Biology
D. Bioethics
27. Which of the following is a potential
consequence of climate change?
A. Decreased sea level
B. Increased biodiversity
C. Extreme weather events
D. Improved agricultural productivity
28. What does STEM stands for?
A. Science, Technology, Economics and
Mathematics
B. Science, Technology, Engineering and
Medicine
C. Science, Technology, Engineering and
Mathematics
D. Science, Technology, Education and
Mathematics
29. What are the potential ethical
implications of gene editing in human?
A. Improved healthcare outcomes
B. Safety issues of the gene
modification
C. Enhanced athletic performance
D. Increased life expectancy
30. Which ethical principle emphasizes
that individuals should have freedom
over their own bodies and health?
A. Autonomy
B. Justice
C. Beneficence
D. Non-maleficence
31. What is the primary goal of
scientific research?
A. To solve societal issues
B. To discover new knowledge
C. To invent new technologies
D. To promote ethical behavior
32. Which of the following is not an
example of renewable energy source
?
A. Coal
B. Natural Gas
C. Solar power
D. Nuclear power
 SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
•Nuclear Power
•Hydroelectric Power
•Wave energy
•Biofuels
•Natural Gas
•Geothermal Power
 SOURCES OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY
•Wind energy
•Biomass Energy
•Tidal Energy
•Hydrogen Gas
33. Which of the following is an example
of a genetically modified organism?
A. Apples grown without pesticide
B. Organic tomatoes
C. Corn with built-in insect resistance
D. Locally grown strawberries
34. What does a pH below 7
indicates?
A. Acidity
B. Alkalinity
C. Purity of sample
D. Presence of ions
35. What are the primary
greenhouse gases?
I.CO2 A.I and II
II.CH4 B. I, II and III
III.N2O C. I, II and IV
IV.Nitrogen D.I,II,III,IV and V
V. Oxygen
36. What is the term for the deliberate
alteration of Earth’s atmosphere to
counteract climate change?
A. Carbon capture
B. Geoengineering
C. Renewable energy
D. Ecological restoration
37. What do you call the phenomenon
where a small earthquake follows a
larger one?
A. Seismic wave
B. Tectonic shock
C. Aftershock
D. Tsunami
38. Which of the following causes
seasons?
A. The rotation of the sun above the earth
B. The distance of earth from the sun
C. The rotation of the earth from its own
axis
D. The tilting of the earth on its axis
39. What is purpose of peer-review process in
scientific research?
A. To ensure that research findings are published
quickly
B. To provide feedback and improve the quality
research
C. To promote competition among researchers
D. To exclude certain researchers from publishing
their work
40. What is the term used to describe
the process of selectively breeding
plants or animals to develop desired
traits?
A. Genetic Engineering
B. Cloning
C. Hybridization
D. Artificial selection
41. What does GPS stands for?
A.Global positioning system
B.General Processing system
C.Geographic Positioning system
D.Global Protection system
42. Which of the following is not a
component of a computer?
A. Central Processing Unit (CPU)
B. Random Access Memory (RAM)
C. Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
D. Compact Disc (CD)
43. What is the role of ethics in
scientific research and technological
development?
A. To ensure profitability
B. To control and limit advancements
C. To guide responsible conduct
D. To prioritize individual interest
44. What is the function of white
blood cells in the body?
A. To carry oxygen
B. To transport nutrients to all cells in
the body
C. To fight infections
D. Responsible for blood clot
45. Which organ produce
insulin?
A.Pancreas
B.Liver Filtration/digestion/storage of vitamins
C.Kidneys Filtration
D.Stomach Digestion
46. Which of the following is an
example of chemical change?
A.Melting of Ice
B.Cutting paper
C.Burning of wood
D.Dissolving salt in water
47. What is the main function of the
ozone layer in the Earth’s
atmosphere?
A. Absorbing harmful UV radiation
B. Regulate earth’s temperature
C. Prevent cloud formation
D. Filter CO2 in atmosphere
48.Who declared that “all life comes
from life” while discovering the idea
of Spontaneous generation?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Edward Jenner
C. Marie Curie
D. Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
49.The process by which a solid
changes directly into a gas without
becoming a liquid first is called ____
A. Condensation
B. Evaporation
C. Sublimation
D. Melting
50. What happen when vapor
condenses into liquid?
A. It release heat
B. It absorbs heat
C. Temperature increases
D. Temperature decreases
51. Which medical condition gets its
name from the Greek word which
means “half a head”?
A. Dementia
B. Epilepsy
C. Stroke
D. Migraine
52.Which of the following is the correct order
of organization in living things?
A.Communities make up species, which make up
populations.
B.Populations make up species, which make up
communities.
C.Species make up communities, which make up
populations.
D.Species make up populations, which make up
communities.
53. Which animal belongs to
order Primate?
A. Bat
B. Ape
C. Whale
D. Tortoise
54. The internet causes the exchange of
knowledge and culture of people around the
world. What area has been most affected by
Internet?
A. Environment
B. Economy
C. Society & human
D. None of these
55. Which area has been most
affected by “Mobile transfer”?
A. Environment
B. Society
C. Economy
D. None of these
56. How are the organisms in an
ecosystem linked ?
A. By what they eat
B. By their size
C. By their species
D. By their interaction with other
organism
57. Cattles are herbivores. What can
you infer from this?
A. They are primary consumer
B. They are producers
C. They are secondary consumers
D. They are decomposers
58. Lions are carnivorous animal, this
means they are ___?
A. Scavengers
B. Predators
C. Prey
D. omnivores
59. Which organism will get the least
amount of energy?
A. Producer
nd
B. 2 level consumer
rd
C. 3 level consumer
D. Apex predators
60. Loury wanted to learn more about
Jupiter’s moon called Ganymede. Which is
the best source of information?
A. His friends
B. Older people
C. Local newspaper
D. University’s astronomy web page
61. Scientist whose main focus of
studies are about animals are called?
A. Botanist
B. Taxonomist
C. Paleontologist
D. Zoologist
62. How do Scientists validate their conclusion?
A. When they repeat the experiment many times
over to see if the result is consistent
B. When they do experiment once
C. When they use opinion in drawing conclusion
D. When they share the result with one or two
scientist
63. When scientists use their five
senses to collect information, what
scientific skill do they employ?
A. Inferring
B. Asking question
C. Observation
D. Drawing conclusion
64. What ethical considerations should
be taken into account when developing
new technologies?
A. Privacy and data protection
B. Equity and access to technology
C. Safety and security
D. All of the choices
65. Society determines on what scientific and
technological projects should be spent and
vice versa, science and technology contribute
modern products and process to society, such
relationship is described as?
A. Distinction
B. Reversible
C. Cooptation
D. Reciprocal
66. The only man-made structure
visible from space is ?
A. The Grand Kremlin Palace
B. Pyramid of Giza
C. Leaning tower of Pisa
D. Great wall of China
67. Which of the following destination in
the Philippines is man-made?
A. Palawan underground cave
B. Manila baywalk dolomite beach
C. Banaue Rice terraces
D. Pagsanjan falls
68.Following the Kyoto protocol, what
needs to be reduced through global
advocacy to protect environment?
A. Water pollution
B. Deforestation
C. Water product dumping
D. Greenhouse emission
69. Why is DNA important?
A. It is very small and complicated
B. It helps in the synthesis of proteins
in the body
C. It protects delicate organs in the
body
D. It serves as the blueprint of life
70. What are the four nitrogenous bases
present in the DNA?
A.Adenine, Thymine, Cytoplasm and Guanine
B.Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine
C.Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Glycerol
D.Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine and Glucose
71. This involves altering of genes
inside our body’s cells in an effort to
treat or stop diseases?
A. Gene therapy
B. Genetic recombination
C. Genetic drift
D. Gene flow
72. A businessman wanted to build a five-story hotel a
few meters away from the edge of a cliff on the shore.
Should this plan be allowed by the authority?
A.Yes, it will boost tourism in the community.
B.Yes, it is the best spot to capture beautiful sceneries.
C.No, its construction could only worsen coastal
erosion.
D.No, the businessman needs to have large amount of
investment.
 RA 9275
Philippine Clean Water Act
73. Who among the following people is doing an
activity that helps lessen the occurrence of landslides?
A.Person L constructs their home on a steep slope.
B.Person M puts as much vegetation as possible on the
nearby slope.
C.Person N creates a water canal that cuts through
some part of the hill.
D.Person O gathers topsoil from the mountain for their
backyard garden.
74. A barangay located near the sea
experienced a magnitude 8.0 earthquake.
What hazard are the residents most
exposed to after this?
A.eruption
B.fire
C.liquefaction
D.tsunami
75. Which of the following is NOT true about the impact of
geothermal energy resource to the environment?
A.The construction of geothermal power plants destroys natural
habitat disrupting ecological niche.
B.Geothermal features in national parks, such as geysers and
fumaroles, making the site promotes sustainability.
C.Geothermal power plants do not burn fuel to generate
electricity, so the levels of air pollutants they emit are low.
D.Most geothermal power plants inject the geothermal steam
and water that they use back into the earth for recycling
purposes.
76.Suppose you live in a coastal area and your
primary source of drinking water has always been
through a water pump. Over the years, you
noticed that the water gets saltier and saltier.
What coastal process could have occurred?
A.tidal wave
B.coastal erosion
C.saltwater intrusion
D.coastal submersion
77. How do you assess the impact of soil cultivation?
A.It does have an impact, only positive.
B.It negatively impacts our soil due to putting fertilizer
in the soil.
C.It positively impacts our soil due to putting fertilizer
and herbicide in the soil.
D.It is positive in the sense that it provides needed
resources. However, it negatively impacts our soil due
to pollution and causes desertification.
78. Solid Waste Management (SWM) is considered to be one of the
most serious environmental issues in the Philippines. What legal
basis provide the necessary policy framework, institutional
mechanisms and mandate to the local government unites (LGUs) to
achieve 25% waste reduction through establishing an integrated solid
waste management plans based on 3Rs (reduce, reuse and recycling)?
A. The Republic Act (RA) 9003, otherwise known as the Ecological
Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
B. Integrated Waste management Plan of Environmental Protection
Agency
C. Philippine Regulations on Sanitation and Wastewater Systems
D. The 2030 Sustainable Development Goal
79. In times of Covid-19 pandemic, many
people used facemasks to protect themselves.
As a responsible citizen, in which type of
waste you are going to classify used
facemasks?
A.Solid waste
B.Liquid waste
C.Organic waste
D.Hazardous waste
80. Sanitary and municipal fills
and waste heaps are unavoidable
hazardous to human due to the Which of the above
following factors.
are correct?
1. Leachate A. 1 and 3 only
2. Emanating gases B. 1 and 2 only
3.Rodents and wandering animals C. 2 and 3 only
D. 1,2 and 3
81. Which type of microorganism is
used in the production of cheese?
A. Lactobacillus casei
B. Lactococcus lactis
C. Plasmodium falciparum
D. Bordatella pertusis
Plasmodium falciparum- malaria
Trypanosoma- African sleeping sickness
Tricophyton- athlete’s foot/ringworm
Mycobacterium tuberculi- TB
Yersinia pestis- Bubonic plague
Rhinovirus- common cold
Rubella- German measles
82.The bacteria that causes Bubonic
plague is transmitted to human by fleas.
Which term best describes the role of
fleas in transmitting Bubonic plague?
A. Decomposer
B. Pathogen
C. Parasite
D. Vector
83. Which of the following can be
considered as an advancement in
communication?
A. Speed train
B. Vaccines
C. Fax machines
D. Scientific calculator
84. Which of the following can be
considered as an advancement in
transport system?
A. Mobile phones
B. Bullet train
C. Air fryer
D. Antigen kit for COVID 19
85. Technology if abused can
cause?
A. Environmental protection
B. Environmental balance
C. Environmental degradation
D. Environmental sustainability
86. Which of the following is the
correct name for compound CuS2?
A. Copper (I) Sulfide (II)
B. Copper (II) Sulfide
C. Copper Sulfide (II)
D. Copper (II) Sulfide (II)
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
•Writing Formulas from Names
• 1st word = CATION
• 2nd word = ANION name
with ide ending.
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
• NaBr •Sodium
Bromide
• MgF2 •Magnesium
Fluoride
BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS
•Potassium K+Cl- -> KCl
Chloride
ELEMENT NAME -ide NAME
Bromine Bromide
Chlorine Chloride
Fluorine Fluoride
Iodine Iodide
Nitrogen Nitride
Oxygen Oxide
Sulfur Sulfide
NAMING TRANSITION
METALS
•First word = CATION
•Second word = ANION
•The Roman numeral will
tell you the charge of the
transition metal
Writing Formulas with Transition
Metals
•FeCl3 •Iron (III) Chloride
Fe+3 Cl-1
Writing Formulas with Transition
Metals
FeCl2 •Iron (II) Chloride
Fe+2 Cl-1

*Backwards criss-cross to know the charge/Roman numeral

Naming Transition Metals
•Copper (I) •Cu+1 O -2
Oxide
•Cu2O
NAME THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS
1. SnCl4 Tin (IV) Chloride

1. Fe2O3 Iron (III) Oxide

3. CuI2 Copper (II) Iodide
4. PbCl2 Lead (II) Chloride

5. FeBr2 Iron (II) Bromide

NAMING A COMPOUND
THAT CONTAIN
POLYATOMIC IONS
 Polyatomic Ions
•tightly bound groups of
atoms that behave as a
unit and carry a charge.
•Ternary means 3 different
elements
 •Calcium
•Ca CO3
2+ 2-
Carbonate
CaCO3
Charges canceled.
Just write the symbols
•Calcium •Ca+2 (NO3) -1

Nitrate
Notice the charges didn’t
cancel so they criss crossed
Ca(NO3)2
NAMING A COMPOUND
OF TWO NONMETALS
•In a compound of two
nonmetals, Element with more
metallic character (farther left or
down in periodic table) is named
first, the second element is
named using –ide ending.
•Greek prefixes are used to
designate the number of
atoms of element that occur
in the molecule (the prefix
mono is always emitted)
PREFIX NUMBER
Mono- 1
Di- 2
Tri- 3
Tetra- 4
Penta- 5
Hexa- 6
Hepta- 7
•Examples:
CS2 – Carbon disulfide
PBr3 -Phosphorus tribromide
IF7 -Iodine heptafluoride
N2S5 -Dinitrogen pentasulfide
87. When a patient is suffering from coronary
heart disease wherein the artery has blockage,
what surgical technique is advisable to
improve condition?
A. Endoscopy
B. Biopsy
C. Angioplasty
D. Stem cell regeneration
88. Which of the following is the
chemical name of Vitamin K?
A. Ascorbic Acid Vit. C
B. Phytonadione
C. Tocopherol Vit. E
D. Pantothenic Acid Vit. B5
89. After drinking dirty water, a
student developed bloody diarrhea.
Which of the following
microorganisms might be the
cause?
A. paramecium pneumonia
B. dinoflagellates Red tide
C. amoeba African sleeping sickness/
D. euglena Chagas disease
90. What is the genetically
engineered insulin used to treat
diabetes produced by bacteria?
A. Artemisinin Malaria
B. Lignin
C. Humulin
D. Vinblastine lymphoma
91.What does the acronym laser
mean?
A.Light amplifier by stimulation of emitted
radiation
B.Light amplification by stimulated emission
of radiation
C.Light amplifier by stellated emission of
radiation
D.Light amplification by stimulated emitted
of radiation
92. The use of plastic bags, disposable cups,
plates, spoons, diapers, etc make life more
convenient. However, as a result, what problem
has/have come about?
I.Heaps of solid garbage
II. Pollution
III. Diseases

A. I and III C. II and III

B. I only D. I, II, and III
93. The use of pesticides may
increase crop yield but it _____.
I. contributes to air pollution
II. causes water pollution
III. brings about pest resistance
A. I, II and III C. I and III
B. I and II D. II and III
94. What do you call the animal that
only eats plants and algae?
A. Omnivore
B. Carnivore
C. Herbivore
D. Predator
95. Endangered species are species
which are threatened due to
___________.
A. mutation
B. domestication
C. habitat destruction
D. extinction of the species
96. In the desire of governments to
control population growth, which one is
highly promoted?
A. The use of artificial birth control
methods
B. The use of natural birth control
methods.
C. “Balik probinsya program
D. Early marriage
97. The manager of textile factory considers
it too expensive to treat liquid wastes so he
suggested digging a hole near the factory
where the wastes can be stored. Is this
environmentally safe?
A. Yes, the liquid can be recycled.
B. No, the liquid can be recycled.
C. Yes, the liquid will pass through the
layers of soil and becomes clean.
D. No, the liquid wastes will seep to the
groundwater.
98. Why do people feel their ears
pop or crack when they are up in
the air?
A. Air is cooler.
B. There are less air particles.
C. Air is cleaner.
D. There are more air particles.
99. Which of the following is the
correct order of the classification of
organisms?
A. Kingdom →Domain →Phylum → Class
B. Domain →Phylum →Kingdom → Class
C. Phylum → Kingdom →Domain → Class
D. Domain →Kingdom →Phylum →Class
Dear
King
Philip
Came
Over
For a
Good
Soup
100. Ancient Egyptians used
Hieroglyphics as Ancient Filipinos
use?
A. Balitaw
B. Abakada
C. Baybayin
D. Kalintao
101. A child is at the top of the
slide, a ripe guava falls, a yoyo is
released are examples of potential
_____ energy?
A. Electrical
B. Chemical
C. Mechanical
D. Gravitational
102. An orchid attached to a tree, a
bird nest into a branch is an
example of?
A. Predation
B. Commensalism
C. Parasitism
D. Osmosis
103.Half of the celestial
sphere is called?
A. Atmosphere
B. Biosphere
C. Hemisphere
D. Mid circle
104. Sahara is to desert as
Arctic is to?
A. Grassland
B. Mountain
C. Tundra
D. Forest
105. The highest level in
taxonomy is?
A. Kingdom
B. Domain
C. Species
D. Genus
106. The greatest source of
indoor pollutant is
A. CFCs
B. Sunlight
C. Smog
D. Radon
107. Steam rising, hot weather,
warming bodies of water are
examples of what type of heat
transfer?
A. Conservation
B. Conduction
C. Convection
D. Radiation
108. Carbon Dioxide is
produced by plants during?
A. Morning
B. Anytime with presence of
sunlight
C. At night
D. All day
109. After an earthquake with
magnitude 7.8 in 1990, what
volcano in the Philippines
erupted?
A. Mt. Kanlaon
B. Mt. Taal
C. Mt. Pinatubo
D. Mt. Mayon
110. The motion of the moon
around the earth is an example
of
A. Projectile motion
B. Uniform circular motion
C. Uniform motion
D. Continuous motion
111. Sound travel fastest in?
A. Plastic
B. Air
C. Water
D. Solid
112. In which destructive fishing
method are fish driven out of the
coral reef by pounding the coral
reef with heavy rocks or stones?
A. Muro-ami fishing
B. Cyanide fishing
C. Trawling
D. Blast fishing
113. The contributory factors to
acid rain are the use of
_____________.
A. refrigerants
B. nuclear energy
C. fossil fuels
D. pesticides
114. One consequence of global warming is
coastal flooding because of the ___ which is in
turn caused by___
A. La niña phenomenon, changed precipitation
pattern
B. El niño phenomenon ,changed precipitation
pattern
C. Melting of the ice caps ,the rising of the sea
level
D. Rising of the sea level ,the melting of the ice
caps
115. The thinning down of the
ozone layer is believed to cause
__________
A. baldness
B. heat stroke
C. skin cancer
D. ulcer
116. Which layer of the earth’s
atmosphere contains a gas
called ozone?
A. Mesosphere
B. Stratosphere
C. Troposphere
D. thermosphere
117.The energy source that is
not renewable is?
A. Coal
B. Water
C. Geothermal
D. Wind
118. Electrolyte imbalance is
responsible for?
A. Eclipse
B. Sandstorm
C. Heat stroke
D. Migraine
119. The double helix of DNA
was discovered by?
A. James Watson and Francis
Crick
B. Alexander Flemming
C. Robert Anderson
D. Albert Einstein
120. A process that occurs
when gases in Earth’s
atmosphere trap the Sun’s heat
A. Climate change
B. Global Warming
C. Greenhouse effect
D. Extinction
121. A black sticky substance
used to smoothen roads in
ancient times
A. Bitumen
B. Coal
C. Shale
D. Tar
122. How long does it take for
the Earth to complete one
rotation?
A. 365.25 days
B. 24 hours
C. 12 hours
D. 30 days
123. The development of egg
without fertilization is called?
A. Mitosis
B. Fission
C. Parthenogenesis
D. Spermatogenesis
124. The growth of roots
towards water is an example of?
A. Geotropism
B. Thigmotropism
C. Hydrotropism
D. phototropism
125. Dengue is an infectious
disease which is transmitted by
an organism under what
phylum?
A. Annelida
B. Mollusca
C. Arthropoda
D. Echinodermata
126. Where does
photosynthesis happen in
plants?
A. Stem
B. Leaves
C. Roots
D. Shoots
127. How many phases of the
moon are there?
A. 4
B. 6
C. 8
D. 12
128. What is the shape of
Streptococci?
A. Comma-shaped
B. Spiral
C. Spherical
D. Rectangular
129. Which of the following is
part of the grass family?
A. Fern
B. Bamboo
C. Algae
D. Lichen
130. Air like food and water is an essential
element in human existence. Carried by the
wind, polluted rain called ____ falls to Earth
poisoning fish and destroying vegetation?
A. El Nino
~
B. Greenhouse rain
C. La Nina
~
D. Acid rain
131. Appendix is part of the
large intestine and it has no
digestive function, therefore it is
considered as?
A. Analogous structure
B. Homologous structure
C. Embryonic structure
D. Vestigial structure
132. Bat’s wings, human arm,
whale’s flipper is an example of
?
A. Analogous structure
B. Homologous structure
C. Embryonic structure
D. Vestigial structure
133.Which law protects species
that are considered to be
threatened or endangered?
A. Lacey Act
B. Kyoto Protocol
C. Endangered species Act (ESA)
D. Convention on International
Trade of Endangered Species
(CITES)
134.It is the outflow of acidic
water from metal/coal mines
which poisons the nearby natural
watershed
A. Acid mine drainage
B. Acid mine leakage
C. Evaporation
D. Strip mining
135.Why is incineration not favored
as a method of waste disposal?
A. It requires large energy
expenditures
B. It releases noxious gases
C. The country lacks fund to install
incinerators
D. It is expensive
135.The golden rice which is a research
sponsored by Rockefeller foundation
aims to?
A. Develop rice variety that is pest
resistant
B. Make rice more resistant to typhoon
C. Improve nutrition by enhancing rice
to contain vitamins
D. Make rice produce more grains
136. It is the condition in which people
have access to sufficient, safe and
nutritious food that meets their dietary
needs for an active and healthy life
A. Food insecurity
B. Overnutrition
C. Food security
D. Obesity
137. The study and implementation
of restoring damaged ecosystem
A. Ecological sufficiency
B. Adaptation
C. Restoration ecology
D. Ecosystem
138.Who introduced the term
“Ecology”?
A. Ernst Haeckel
B. Dr. Albert Sabin
C. Dr. Jonas Salk
D. Carolus Linnaeus
139. 8 out of 10 leading causes of
morbidity in the Philippines are
communicable. To prevent it from
happening to your students, the best
advice you can give is
A. Clean the classroom often
B. cover the mouth when sneezing
C. Avoid dangerous activities
D. Wash hands frequently
140. This law protects public against
unreasonable risks of injury associated
with consumer products
A. Federal Food and Drug and
Cosmetics Act
B. Food quality protection Act
C. Consumer safety act
D. Consumer product safety Act
141.What is the main function of
cerebrum in human brain?
A. Control voluntary movements
B. Control involuntary movements
C. Control breathing rate
D. Control and process information
and higher cognitive function
142.Ant colony stores food in the
summer, defends itself by stinging
enemies and invade competing ant
colony. What is the term to best
describe how this species copes with
everyday life?
A. Ecological defeat
B. Environmental habitation
C. Ecological niche
D. Ecology
143. The largest internal organ
of the human body is?
A. Skin
B. Liver
C. Heart
D. lungs
144. How many bones does an
adult human have?
A. 188
B. 203
C. 206
D. 209
145. What is the main purpose
of the respiratory system?
A. To process and digest foods
B. To maintain fluid balance
C. To deliver oxygenated blood
throughout the body
D. To exchange gases between
body and environment
146. The skull of human
increases in size rapidly during?
A. Puberty
B. Adolescence
C. Adulthood
D. babyhood
147.A toothpick can sit on the
surface of water due to?
A. Buoyancy
B. Atmospheric pressure
C. Surface tension
D. Viscosity
148. It is the system of varying
successive crops in a definite order on
the same ground, especially to avoid
depleting the soil nutrients and control
weeds, diseases and pests?
A. No till farming
B. Contour farming
C. Wind breaks
D. Crop rotation
149. Water covers about 75% of the
Earth’s surface and yet some people still do
not have enough water to drink. Why?
I. Most of our bodies of water are
polluted by chemicals.
II. Most of world’s water is salty
III. Most freshwater are frozen in ice caps.

A. I and II C. II & III

B. I, II, III D. I & II
150.What is the role of a control
group in an experiment?
A. To receive the experimental
treatment
B. To provide basis for comparison
C. To ensure the experiment is
conducted ethically
D. To collect data and observations
151. What do you call the type of
cell that is capable of perpetual self
renewal and has the ability to
differentiate into any cell type?
A. Red blood cell
B. Stem cell
C. Somatic cell
D. Progenitor cell
152. What is type II diabetes?
A. It is inherited from generation to
generation
B. It happens when the immune
system destroys liver cell
C. It happens when pancreas cannot
produce insulin
D. It happens when the body cells is
not capable of responding to insulin
153.The golden rice which is a research
sponsored by Rockefeller foundation
aims to?
A. Develop rice variety that is pest
resistant
B. Make rice more resistant to typhoon
C. Improve nutrition by enhancing rice
to contain vitamins
D. Make rice produce more grains
154. It is the process of
transferring/modifying specific
genes between organisms to
remove or add desirable traits
A. Nanotechnology
B. Biotechnology
C. Gene sequencing
D. Genetic engineering
155. According to studies,
what are the leading cause
of mortality and morbity
among Filipinos? A. II and II
I.Heart Disease
B. I, II and IV
II.Diabetes
C. I only
III.Cerebrovascular diseases
IV.Hypertensive diseases D. I,II,III and IV
156.Which of the following is a
brain disease that slowly destroys
memory and thinking skills and
eventually the ability to carry out
simple task?
A. Stroke
B. Alzheimer’s disease
C. Alopecia
D. Pneumonia
157. Globalization is mainly a
product of which of the following
technologies?
A. Advanced fossil fuel engines
B. Hybrid and electric automobiles
C. Internet and mobile
communication
D. All of these
158. The concept of scientific method
can be described as?
A. A cycle of observation, production
and reasoning
B. A top down sequence of
observation, hypotheses,
experimentation and reasoning
C. A process of concluding based on
theories alone
D. All of these
159. Understanding the role of science and
technology in society is vital to everyone for
what reason?
A. Technological advancement has direct
impact on socio-economic development
B. For a nation to be developed, everyone
must be a scientist
C. Technology brings more negative aspect
than positive
D. Technology draws people apart from
each other
160. Which of the following is not a way that
Science influence society?
A. Science advances technology that is useful to
society
B. Science gives answers to difficult society
ethical issues
C. Science increases society’s understanding of
how people affect the environment
D. Science help to discover new knowledge and
information for the benefit of society
161.All of the following are nature of
science except?
A. Every knowledge is derived from
observation, study and
experimentation
B. Scientific knowledge is permanent
and cannot be challenged
C. Science takes a process in knowing
everything
D. A and C
162.All of the following are benefits of
technology except ?
A. It can down size cost, time and
resources when utilized
B. It can make life more pleasant and
productive
C. It poses environmental problems if
not used appropriately
D. It accelerates globalization in many
ways
163. Which of the following are
risk of GM foods to people?
A.GM food enhanced pathogenicity
B.GM food production cost is reduced
C.GM food increased weed or pest
burden
D.GM foods contain higher amount of
vitamins and minerals
164. Down syndrome is a condition
in which a person has an extra
chromosome in which chromosome
number?
A. 18
B. 19
C. 20
D. 21
165. Which was most likely be classified as a
pandemic?
A.People in 11 states were sickened after eating
beef contaminated with E. coli
B. Two close camps, experienced an outbreak of
cholera in drinking water
C. Measles outbreak in Indiana was attributed to
children who have unvaccinated parents
D. Year 1918-1919, an estimated 20-40% of
world’s population suffered from Spanish flu
166. During a typhoon, you noticed an
abnormal rise of seawater level that caused
flooding in the coastal area you are living in.
What phenomenon had you just witnessed?
A.tornado
B.tsunami
C.spring tide
D.storm surge
167. What subsystems are interacting
when carbon dioxide dissolves from the
air into the ocean?
A.Atmosphere and biosphere
B.Atmosphere and lithosphere
C.Atmosphere and hydrosphere
D.Atmosphere and lithosphere
168. The increased effect of a pesticide
on organisms that feed on each other in
a lake is called
a. biological conservation
b. biological magnification
c. eutrophication
d. nitrification
169. The San Andreas Fault System forms the tectonic
boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American
Plate . How would you describe the geologic process on
how it was formed?
A. It is a convergent plate boundary resulting from two
tectonic plates moving toward each other
B. It is a transform plate boundary resulting from two plates
sliding past each other, horizontally
C. Divergent Plate Boundary resulting from two tectonic
plates moving away from each other.
D. Hot Spot resulting from intensely hot area in the mantle
below Earth's crust.
170. When a geologist found a dinosaur
fossil and wanted to estimate its age by first
identifying if the rocks beneath and above
the fossil is older, what technique is he
using?
A.Cross dating
B.Relative dating
C.Geologic dating
D.Absolute dating
171. Jack and Jill are twins, and both have the
same height. Jack was sent on space mission to
circumnavigate the Solar system for 10 years,
flying at constant speed. After the mission, what
difference can be observed between the twins.
A. Jill will be taller.
B. Jack will be taller.
C. Jill will look younger.
D. Jack will look younger.
172. If an element donates an
electron to another element, what
type of bond do they form?
A. Covalent bond
B. Ionic bond
C. Crystal bond
D. Common bond
173. When you’re faced with a perceived threat,
your brain thinks you’re in danger. That’s because
it already considers the situation to be life
threatening. As a result, your body automatically
reacts to keep you safe. What hormone is
responsible for this response?
A.Adrenalin
B.Melatonin
C.Vasopressin
D.Growth Hormones
174. Which term refers to a
farmer choosing the best corn
from this year to plant next year?
A. Natural selection
B. Selective breeding
C. Genetic engineering
D. Genetic transformation
175. Aspirin has been known to
retard the blood-clotting process
thus it is used to _____.
A. relieve pain
B. reduce the possibility of stroke
C. act as stimulant
D. stop bleeding
176. In category of electronic devices
that can be worn as accessories,
embedded in clothing, or tattooed in
skin is called
A. Wearing science
B. Wearing technology
C. Wearable technology
D. Wearable science
177.In Guttenberg Revolution, what
is invented that allowed world wide
change?
A. Radio
B. Telegram
C. Printing press
D. Telephone
178. It applies the techniques of modern
biology to improve the efficiency and
reduce environmental impacts of industrial
processes like textile, paper and pulp and
chemical manufacturing
A. Genomic sequencing
B. Industrial Biotechnology
C. Genetic engineering
D. Agricultural biotechnology
179. Which of the following statements correctly
differentiate sexual reproduction from asexual reproduction?
A.Sexual reproduction is faster than asexual reproduction.
B.Sexual reproduction requires one parent while asexual
requires two.
C.Sexual reproduction requires two parents while asexual
requires one.
D.Sexual reproduction produces identical offspring while
asexual produces offspring from two parents.
 2 PROCESSES INVOLVED IN SEXUAL
REPRODUCTION
•Gametogenesis- formation of
gametes (sex cells)
•Fertilization- union of egg cells
and sperm cells
2 TYPES OF FERTILIZATION BASED
ON SITE
• External Fertilization- fertilization happens outside
the body
•Internal Fertilization- the union of egg cell and
sperm cell happens inside the female body
The 3 Types of Internal Fertilization
1.Oviparity – the female has fertilized eggs laid
outside its body.
• 2. Viviparity –the offspring develops within the
female and is nourished by the mother’s blood in
the placenta.
• 3. Ovoviviparity –ovoviviparous animals only lay
the eggs when they are ready to hatch
FRAGMENTATION
 BUDDING
• New organism develops from a bud of an existing
organism
 Parthenogenesis
•“virgin birth”
•Female gametes develop into a new offspring