11

Disciplines and
Ideas in the
Social Sciences
Quarter 1 – Module 8:
PSYCHOANALYSIS
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Psychoanalysis!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Disciplines and Ideas in the Social Sciences 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Psychoanalysis!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

▪ Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas:
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Rational Choice
c. Institutionalism
d. Feminist Theory
e. Hermeneutical Phenomenology
f. Human-Environment Systems

Content Standard
The learners demonstrate an understanding of…
▪ The emergence of the Social Sciences and the different disciplines
▪ Key concepts and approaches in the Social Sciences

Performance Standard
The learners shall be able to…
▪ connect the disciplines with their historical and social foundations
▪ interpret personal and social experiences using relevant approaches in the
Social Sciences
▪ evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the approach

Most Essential Learning Competency

Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas:
▪ Psychoanalysis MELCS-Pages 609-610 DISS (Week 8-10)

Learning Objectives

At the end of the module you should be able to:

1. Explain what is Psychoanalysis.

2. Identify the five stages of Psychosexual Development and the types of
Defense Mechanism;
3. Distinguish the key theorist on psychoanalysis;
4. Analyze and discuss the psychodynamics of a person’s personality in terms
of id, ego and superego

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 What Is This Module About?

Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences is one of the subjects that you need
to take under the HUMSS strands for Humanities and Social Sciences. This strand
focuses on the study of human behavior and societal changes, and analysis of arts,
culture, literature, and politics. It involves political science, anthropology, linguistics,
psychology, and communication.

This module was designed and written with you to help you understand the
basic concepts and principles of the major social science ideas. To do this, you are
required to undergo series of learning activities to complete each learning
competencies. In each lesson, there are information sheets, task and activity sheets.
You need to perform each activity by yourself.
The module has 6 lessons, namely;
a. Psychoanalysis
b. Rational Choice
c. Institutionalism
d. Feminist Theory
e. Hermeneutical Phenomenology
f. Human-Environment Systems

Each lesson has the following:

• Introduction/Learning Objectives /Target
• Try this/ Pre-test
• Review
• Motivation
• Explore
• Keep this in mind
• What you have learned?
• Reflect
• Assessment
• Additional Activities
• Glossary
• Answer Key
• References

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 How Do You Use This Module?

To get the most from this Module, you need to do the following:

1. Begin by reading and understanding the Most Essential Learning

Competencies and Learning Objectives. These will tell you what you should
know and be able to do at the end of every lesson.

2. Find out what you already know by taking the Pretest then check your answer
against the Answer Key. If you get 100% correct in the pre- assessment, skip
the lesson. This means that you need not to go through the Lesson because
you already know what it is all about but if not and only get 50% to 99% correct,
then proceed with the lesson.

3. Do the required Learning Activities. They begin with mini lessons. The mini-
lesson contains important notes or basic information that you need to know.
After reading and understanding the mini-lesson, test yourself on how much
you learned by answering the varied activities. Refer to the Answer Key for
correction. Do not hesitate to go back to the lesson when you do not get all
test items correctly. This will ensure your mastery of basic information.

4. It is not enough that you acquire content or information. You must be able to
demonstrate what you learned by doing the activity in “What I Can Do”. In
other words, you must be able to apply what you have learned in real life.

5. To test how well you performed, accomplish the scoring rubrics.

6. Finally, answer the Post Assessment to test and measure the learning you
have acquired in the lesson.

Each Lesson also provides you with glossary and references for your guide.

Enjoy and happy learning!

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 What I Know

Lesson 1 PSYCHOANALYSIS
A. Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the best answer and write the letter
of your answer in your notebook.

1. He was an Austrian neurologist and is known as the Father of Psychoanalysis.

a. Carl Jung c. Sigmund Freud
b. Jacques Lacan d. Eric Fromm

2. This is defined as the natural mental energy that operates the mechanism of the
mind.
a. Defense mechanism c. Unconscious level
b. Libido d. Conscious level

3. A technique used in Psychotherapy that allows the patient to have an inner

dialogue with oneself by saying freely the words that he or she associates with a
thing, person or an event.
a. Free association c. Analytic Psychology
b. Freudian slip d. Humanistic Psychoanalysis

4. This personality type tries to meet the desires of the id in a way that is socially
acceptable in the world. It deals with the reality.
a. Ego c. Superego
b. Id d. Conscious level

5. The part of the subconscious which operates on the pleasure principle.

a. Superego c. Ego
b. Self d. Id

6. Ana yells at her little sister when she is actually angry with her mom. This defense
mechanism is called?
a. Regression c. Displacement
b. Denial d. Repression

7. The part of your subconscious that operates on the morality principle is called
____.
a. Superego c. Ego
b. Self d. Id

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8. Sally was thirsty. However, she knew that her server would be back soon to refill
her water glass, so she waited until then to get a drink, even though she really just
wanted to drink from Mr. Smith’s glass. What is this an example of?
a. Self- control c. Ego
b. Id d. Superego

9. Sarah knew that she could steal the supplies from work and no one would know
about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take
anything even though she would probably never get caught. What is this an
example of?
a. Dishonesty c. Ego
b. Id d. Superego

10. Sucking and biting give the child sexual gratification as well as nourishment.
a. Anal stage c. Genital stage
b. Oral stage d. Phallic stage

11. During this stage children may develop strong sexual attachments to the parent of
the other gender and begin to view the parent of the same gender as a rival for the
other parent’s affections.
a. Anal stage c. Genital stage
b. Oral stage d. Phallic stage

12. Ideas that are not in your awareness now, but you can recall them easily would be
found in which level of consciousness?
a. Preconscious level c. Conscious level
b. Unconscious level d. Nonconscious level

13. After breaking up with your boyfriend or girlfriend, you still keep his/her belonging
because you are hoping that he/she will come back is an example of which defense
mechanism?
a. Displacement c. Denial
b. Sublimation d. Regression

14. He was a French Marxist philosopher who used Psychoanalytic theory to form and
support his philosophy.
a. Erich Fromm c. Carl Jung
b. Sigmund Freud d. Louis Althusser
15. A method for treating depression and anxiety disorders or mental illness and also
a theory which explains human behavior.
a. Defense mechanism c. Analytic Theory
b. Psychoanalysis d. All of the above

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 What’s In

Direction: Using the Venn Diagram below, write at least five (5) strengths and five (5)
weaknesses of structural functionalism. Copy and answer it in your notebook.

What’s New

Sigmund Freud (1856 – 1939)- was an Austrian

neurologist and is known as the Father of
Psychoanalysis. Freud believed that people could be
cured by making conscious their unconscious
thoughts and motivations, thus gaining "insight". The
aim of Psychoanalysis therapy is to release
repressed emotions and experiences, i.e. make the
unconscious conscious. To bring what exists at the
https://brewminate.com/wp-
unconscious or subconscious level up to content/uploads/2017/04/Freud04-
750x500.jpg
consciousness.

Psychoanalysis
▪ Psychoanalysis is a type of therapy that aims to release pent-up or repressed
emotions and memories in order to lead the client to catharsis, or healing
(McLeod, 2014).
▪ A theory of the mind and its direct connection to a personality or behavior. The
basic premise of psychoanalysis is that the human mind has an unconscious
state.
▪ A system of psychological theory and therapy investigating the interaction of
conscious and unconscious elements in the mind.
▪ A method for treating depression and anxiety disorders or mental illness and
also a theory which explains human behavior.

Freud believed that the most unconscious desire originates from childhood
experiences that people have long forgotten or repressed. Our childhood has a great
influence on our adult lives, shaping our personality.

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 Freud developed a personality theory, called psychosexual development of
personality, which posits that at different stages of growth; the individual derives
pleasure from different parts of the body- thus the term psychosexual, relating to
pleasure and the human body. An important term in personality theory is called libido,
which is defined as the natural mental energy that operates the mechanism of the
mind.

Stages of Psychosexual Development of Personality

1. Oral Stage
- Manifest from birth to approximately 18 months
- The child is totally dependent on others to provide for his/her needs
- Pleasure is derived from the use of the mouth in activities such as sucking,
chewing, and biting.
- Personality developed in this stage is dependence.
2. Anal Stage
- This begins at 18 months and lasts until 3 years when the child is being toilet
trained.
- the child seeks pleasure from the anus (e.g., withholding and expelling
feces)
- The personality developed in this stage is independence, self-control,
orderliness and sense of accomplishment.
3. Phallic Stage
- 3-6 years of age
- During this stage the child develops attraction to their parents of the
opposite sex and sees jealous and rivalrous relationship with his or her
parents of the same sex.
- This is what Freud termed as Oedipus Complex for boy and the Electra
Complex for girls.
- Parents seen as threats
- Wide range of psychological disorders through failure to resolve this conflict,
(unreasonable anxiety, phobias, & depression)
- Ego developed more, superego starts to develop lately
- the child seeks pleasure from the penis or clitoris (e.g., masturbation);
4. Latent Stage
- 6-12 years of age
- Personality traits developed in this stage are associated with social skills
and social interactions.
- Pleasure is gained through same sex /peer friendship
5. Genital Stage
- 12 years of age onward or from puberty to adulthood.
- Seeks marriage partner, preparation for adult life.
- The personality developed in this stage is sexual maturity.

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Key Concepts in Psychoanalysis

According to Freud the id, ego, and superego all

operate across three levels of awareness in the
human mind. They are the conscious, unconscious,
and preconscious. Freud used the analogy of an
iceberg to describe the three levels of the mind. The
tip is the conscious level, the part below the sea line is
the preconscious and the major portion beneath the
sea is the unconscious.

https://positivepsychology.com/wp-
content/uploads/Freud%E2%80%99s-
Model-of-the-Mind.png

▪ Conscious: This is where our current thoughts, feelings, and focus live; the
level of the mind is the accessible information, memories and thoughts that the
individual has. The conscious consists of what someone is aware of at any
particular point in time. It includes what you are thinking about right now,
whether it is in the front of you mind or the back. If you are aware of it then it is
in the conscious mind.

▪ Preconscious (sometimes called the subconscious): This is the home of

everything we can recall or retrieve from our memory; the level where
accessible and retrievable information are situated. The preconscious contains
information that is just below the surface of awareness.

▪ Unconscious: contains thoughts, emotions, feelings, memories and desire that

are inaccessible. It resides in the deepest level of our minds that influence our
behavior. Even though we are not aware of their existence, they exert great
influence on our behavior.

PSYCHODYNAMICS OF A PERSON’S PERSONALITY

Freud used the Id, Ego, and Superego to try to explain how the mind functions and
how a personality is shaped

1. The ID
- Occupies the unconscious level.
- The primitive and instinctive component of personality.
- It is the immature component of personality; it only seeks pleasure and
demands gratification.
- When the Id has a desire for something, that desire needs to be satisfied at
once. It does not take reality into account as it only demands what it wants
without reason or logic.

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 - Operates on the “Pleasure Principle” and strives for all urges to be met
immediately
- Id is the selfish side and is the one whom solely cares about themselves
and no one else
- Lustful, impulsive, fun and ignores consequences

2. The EGO
- Resides in the conscious and preconscious level of the mind.
- The ego is the moderator between the id and the superego
- Operates on the “Reality Principle” – tries to satisfy id but in accordance
with the real world. It considers social realities, norms, etiquette, rules, and
customs when it makes a decision on how to behave.
- Considered as the center of logic and reasoning
- The decision maker, it makes the decisions that dictate behavior.
- Conscious part of the mind (Rational Self). Decides what action to take for
positive means and what to do base on what is believed to be the right thing
to do. Aware of reality.

3. The SUPEREGO
- Resides in all three levels of the mind.
- The superego is the portion of the mind in which morality and higher
principles reside, encouraging us to act in socially and morally acceptable
ways (McLeod, 2013).
- It is our morals, ethics and social aspect of personality. It is considered as
a person’s conscience.
- It guides us on what is right and wrong.
- Responsible for society’s rules of behavior (moral standards). Feels guilty if
rules are disobeyed
- Base on the morality principle, must follow moral standards and rules and
breaking them causes guilt.

Defense Mechanisms

Freud believed that these three parts of the mind are in constant conflict
because each part has a different primary goal. When the conflict is too much for a
person to handle, his or her ego may engage in one or many defense mechanisms to
protect the individual.

Defense Mechanism
- Refers to processes of self-deception, that protects people from anxious
thoughts or feelings.
- Are thought to safeguard the mind against feelings and thoughts that are
too difficult for the conscious mind to cope with.

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 - Operate at an unconscious level and help ward off unpleasant feelings (i.e.,
anxiety) or make good things feel better for the individual.
- A tactic developed by the ego to protect against anxiety.
We use defense mechanisms to protect ourselves from feelings of anxiety or guilt,
which arise because we feel threatened, or because our id or superego becomes too
demanding.

Major defense mechanisms include:

1. Denial – is often used to describe situations in which people seem unable to

face reality or admit an obvious truth. (He’s in denial).
- The ego blocks upsetting or overwhelming experiences from awareness,
causing the individual to refuse to acknowledge or believe what is
happening
- Is an outright refusal to admit or recognize that something has occurred or
is currently occurring.
- Refusing to organize or acknowledge real facts or experiences that would
lead to anxiety.

2. Displacement- redirecting an emotional reaction from the rightful recipient to

another person altogether.
- Involves taking out our frustrations, feelings and impulses on people or
objects that are less threatening.
- Displaced aggression- is a common example of defense mechanism.
- Example: a manager screams at his/her employee, the employee doesn't
scream back- but the employee may yell at her partner later at night. (e.g.,
releasing frustration directed toward your boss on your spouse instead)

3. Repression –acts to keep information out of conscious awareness. However,

these memories don’t just disappear: they continue to influence our behavior.
- The ego pushes disturbing or threatening thoughts out of one’s
consciousness

4. Sublimation – Similar to displacement, this defense mechanism involves

satisfying an impulse by acting on a substitute but in a socially acceptable way.
It allows us to act on unacceptable impulses by converting these behaviors into
more acceptable forms.
Example: a person experiencing extreme anger might take up kick-boxing as a
means of venting frustration or channeling energy into work or a constructive
hobby.
Freud believed that sublimation was a sign of maturity that allows people
to function normally in socially acceptable ways.

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 5. Projection – is a defense mechanism that involves taking our own
unacceptable qualities or feelings and ascribing them to other people.
Attributing one’s unacceptable feelings or desires to someone else.
Example: if you have a strong dislike for someone, you might instead believe
that he or she does not like you.

6. Regression – As a defense mechanism, the individual moves backward in

development in order to cope with stress (e.g., an overwhelmed adult acting
like a child)

Important Theorists

Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist known as the Father of Psychoanalysis.

Freud’s theory states that behavior and personality are driven by past events, which
are mostly inaccessible to an individual’s consciousness.
Psychoanalysis involves methods through which an
individual is guided to understand himself or herself.
Through a treatment called Psychotherapy, the
originating event or circumstance which hinders an
individual to live a healthy life is brought to the surface of
consciousness. The method of Psychotherapy is mostly
interpretative. One technique used in psychotherapy is
called free association, a technique that allows the patient
to have an inner dialogue with one’s self by saying freely
the words that he or she associates with a thing, person
and an event. Freud relates free association to what is https://upload.wikimedia.org/wik
ipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Sig
now known as Freudian slip or slip of the tongue. When mund_Freud%2C_by_Max_Hal
an individual commits a Freudian slip (or intentionally berstadt_%28cropped%29.jpg/2
saying something as opposed to what he or she wanted to actually say), he or she
reveals his or her innermost thoughts.

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Carl Gustuv Jung (1875–1961) was a Swiss Psychiatrist and
Psychoanalyst who founded Analytical Psychology. It is
distinguished by a focus on the role of symbolic experiences
in human life, taking a prospective approach to the issues
presented in therapy. For Jung, a healthy mental life is
achieved through a balanced and a well-understood
personality. Jung’s theory of personality has been modified
and changed over time, but his concepts of introversion and
extroversion survive over the years. Popular culture
describes an extrovert as a person who goes to parties or who
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wik
is more adventurous while an introvert is a person who ipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/C
chooses to stay at home, alone and quiet. In Jungian GJung.jpg/220px-CGJung.jpg
Psychology, extroversion is the personality which is motivated by outside stimuli or
factors. An extrovert relies on statistical data to come up with analysis and conclusion.
While introversion, on the other hand is the personality which is motivated by inner
necessity. The focus of the individual tends towards the self. The introvert person
derives analysis and conclusion upon how statistical data makes an impression upon
his or her thoughts and ideas.

Jacques Lacan (1901–1981) was a Parisian Psychiatrist who was born in 1901 and
who died in 1981. He gained an international reputation as an original interpreter of
Sigmund Freud’s work. Lacan’s Psychoanalytic theory centered on language. He
believes that Psychotherapy requires a communication between the patients and the
specialist because the medium by which Psychoanalysis
operates is through language. Lacan’s first major paper in a
Psychoanalytic conference talked about what he called
“mirror stage”. The mirror stage can be associated with
Freud’s development of the super ego and the phallic stage
of development. This mirror could be theoretical: it could be
either an actual mirror or a person, usually the mother. What
the child sees in the mirror is a fully formed self, a body, https://upload.wikimedia.org/
something whole and complete. wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e1/Lac
an2.jpg/250px-Lacan2.jpg
However, the child still feels incomplete-having no ability to
control his or her own body and still struggling to stand, walk around and eat. The child
then imagines himself or herself to be whole and complete, and able to move his or
her body with complete control. This image represents an ideal child or what we call
ego ideal; what is formed in this relationship with the image is what Lacan calls divided
subject.

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Erich Fromm (1900–1980) was a German Sociologist, Psychologist and
Psychoanalyst. He developed a distinct type of Psychoanalysis
which he called Humanistic Psychoanalysis. This type of
psychoanalysis uses historical, anthropological, and
psychological perspective to approach an individual. Fromm’s
Psychoanalytic theory assumes that humans have lost their ties
with nature and are now left with no instincts capable to adapt to
the ever-changing world. But since humans developed the ability
to reason, they can rationalize their isolated existence or
condition. Fromm called this rationalization human dilemma. A
dilemma is a problem. The human dilemma is the problem of
reuniting with nature, in a manner similar to the union of our https://images.gr-
assets.com/authors/122154442
prehistoric ancestors and their relationship with the 5p5/8788.jpg
environment. Fromm’s Psychotherapy helps the individual
realize how to achieve human needs and to be productive members of society.

Louis Althusser (1918–1990) was a French Marxist Philosopher

which used Psychoanalytic theory to form and support his
philosophy. Central to Althusser’s philosophy is his reinvention of
what Marx termed as ideology. In a Marxist perspective, ideology
is the false consciousness perpetuated by capital industrialists to
further control the working class. For Althusser, ideology is a
reflection or misrepresentation of our already imaginary
understanding of the world, the reality, society and culture. What
he created in his philosophy is the idea that an individual is turned https://upload.wikimedia.org/w
ikipedia/en/thumb/5/51/Althus
into a subject and a member of society through ideology. Ideology ser.jpg/220px-Althusser.jpg
is constitutive of the self, or in other terms, the self is an ideological
concept in and of itself.

What is It
Answer the following questions. Write your answers in your activity
notebook.

1. Explain what psychoanalysis is all about.

2. Explain where one’s unconsciousness desires originate from.
3. Why is Freud’s personality theory called psychosexual development?
4. What are the five stages of psychosexual development?
5. Give at least three (3) examples of defense mechanism.
6. What are the three levels of awareness?
7. How can the iceberg be a representation of human consciousness?

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 8. What is the difference between conscious level and unconscious level?
9. What is free association?
10. How does Jung interpret introversion and extroversion?

What’s More

Discuss the relationship of the three

psychodynamics of a person’s personality using
the Venn diagram below. Copy and answer the
Venn diagram in your activity notebook.

What I Have Learned

Make a journal about specific scenarios in your life wherein the Id, Ego, and
Superego are shown. Write your journal in your activity notebook.

What I Can Do

▪ What is symbolic interactionism?

▪ Does symbolic interactionism affect our daily life? Why?
Activity 1: PICTURE ANALYSIS
Direction: Study the pictures below, and answer the questions that follow. Write your
answers in your activity notebook.

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 1.

https://previews.123rf.com/images/hermandesign20 https://i.pinimg.com/564x/35/4e/fa/354efaf04e4e3737b
15/hermandesign20151902/hermandesign2015190 c1d684838a94b0a.jpg
200148/117211428-devil-and-angel-on-a-young-
man-shoulder-whispering-temptation-into-ear.jpg

1. What are your interpretations of the two pictures?

2. How can you relate this to your daily life?
3. What are the three structures of personality shown in the pictures?

Assessment

Directions: Read and analyze each item carefully. Choose the best answer and write
the letter of your answer in your notebook.

1. A technique used in Psychotherapy that allows the patient to have an inner

dialogue with one’s self by saying freely the words that he or she associates with
a thing, person or an event.
a. Free association c. Analytic Psychology
b. Freudian slip d. Humanistic Psychoanalysis

2. He was an Austrian neurologist and is known as the Father of Psychoanalysis.

a. Carl Jung c. Sigmund Freud
b. Jacques Lacan d. Eric Fromm

3. A system of Psychological theory and therapy investigating the interaction of

conscious and unconscious elements in the mind.
a. Defense mechanism c. Analytic theory
b. Rational choice theory d. Psychoanalysis

4. Refers to the processes of self-deception that protect people from anxious thoughts
or feelings.
a. Defense mechanism c. Analytic theory
b. Rational choice theory d. Psychoanalysis

15
5. This personality type tries to meet the desires of the id in a way that is socially
acceptable in the world. It deals with the reality.
a. Superego c. Id
b. Ego d. Conscious level

6. After breaking up with your boyfriend or girlfriend, you still keep his/her belongings
because you are hoping that he/she will come back is an example of which defense
mechanism?
a. Displacement c. Denial
b. Sublimation d. Regression

7. During this stage, children may develop strong sexual attachments to the parent of
the other gender and begin to view the parent of the same gender as a rival for the
other parent’s affections.
a. Oral stage c. Phallic stage
b. Genital stage d. Anal stage

8. Maria knew that she could steal the supplies from work, and no one would know
about it. However, she knew that stealing was wrong, so she decided not to take
anything, even though she would probably never get caught. What is this an
example of?
a. Dishonesty c. Ego
b. Id d. Superego

9. The part of your subconscious that operates on the morality principle is called
____.
a. Superego c. Ego
b. Self d. Id

10. Ana yells at her little sister when she is actually angry with her mom. This defense
mechanism is called?
a. Regression c. Displacement
b. Denial d. Repression

11. Ideas that are not in your awareness now, but you can recall them easily would be
found in which level of consciousness?
a. Preconscious level c. Conscious level
b. Unconscious level d. Nonconscious level

12. Sucking and biting give the child sexual gratification as well as nourishment.
a. Anal stage c. Genital stage
b. Oral stage d. Phallic stage

13. The part of the subconscious which operates on the pleasure principle.
a. Superego c. Ego
b. Self d. Id

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14. He was a Swiss Psychiatrist and Psychoanalyst who founded Analytical
Psychology.
a. Carl Jung c. Erich Fromm
b. Jacques Lacan d. Sigmund Freud

15. Sally was thirsty. However, she knew that her server would be back soon to refill
her water glass, so she waited until then to get a drink, even though she really just
wanted to drink from Mr. Smith’s glass. What is this an example of?
a. Self- control c. Ego
b. Id d. Superego

Glossary
Anxiety – a feeling of apprehension and fear, characterized by physical symptoms
such as palpitations, sweating, and feelings of stress.

Anxiety disorders – differ from developmentally normative fear or anxiety by being

excessive or persisting beyond developmentally appropriate periods.

Behaviour – the way in which one acts or conducts oneself, especially toward others

Depression – is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you
feel, the way you think and how you act.

Personality – the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual’s

distinctive character

Theory – a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially

one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained.

Therapy – treatment intended to relieve or heal a disorder.

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 Additional Activities

Read and study the situation below. Write your answer in your activity notebook.

Situation:
You are working in a convenience store and you see Jack, your co-worker, stealing
money from the cash register. He is also your best friend and he's only stealing 100
pesos. Despite the fact that he is your best friend he has also been flirting with the girl
you like – and he knows that you like her. What would the id, ego, and superego do?

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