INTERNATIONAL AS

PHYSICS

Unit 2 Electricity, waves and particles

Mark scheme
January 2019
Version: 1.0 Final

*191XPH02/MS*
 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Assessment Writer.

It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from oxfordaqaexams.org.uk

Copyright © 2019 Oxford International AQA Examinations and its licensors. All rights reserved.

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Level of response marking instructions

Level of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has a descriptor. The
descriptor for the level shows the average performance for the level. There are marks in each level.

Before you apply the mark scheme to a student’s answer read through the answer and annotate it (as
instructed) to show the qualities that are being looked for. You can then apply the mark scheme.

Step 1 Determine a level

Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the
descriptor for that level. The descriptor for the level indicates the different qualities that might be seen in
the student’s answer for that level. If it meets the lowest level then go to the next one and decide if it
meets this level, and so on, until you have a match between the level descriptor and the answer. With
practice and familiarity you will find that for better answers you will be able to quickly skip through the
lower levels of the mark scheme.

When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as the rest. If
the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit
approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within
the level, ie if the response is predominantly level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material it would be
placed in level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 4 content.

Step 2 Determine a mark

Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark. The descriptors on how to allocate
marks can help with this. The exemplar materials used during standardisation will help. There will be an
answer in the standardising materials which will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This
answer will have been awarded a mark by the Lead Examiner. You can compare the student’s answer
with the example to determine if it is the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then
use this to allocate a mark for the answer based on the Lead Examiner’s mark on the example.

You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and
assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.

Indicative content in the mark scheme is provided as a guide for examiners. It is not intended to be
exhaustive and you must credit other valid points. Students do not have to cover all of the points
mentioned in the Indicative content to reach the highest level of the mark scheme.

An answer which contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

01 description of longitudinal wave ✓ 2

eg oscillations/vibrations occur parallel to direction of
energy/wave

description of polarisation
eg restriction of oscillations/vibrations to one
plane/direction
OR

only transverse waves can be polarised ✓

02 Two from: ✓ ✓ 3
use of W=Pt Condone time in minutes for 1st MP only.
use of W=QV
converting t to seconds

1100 (C) ✓
OR
Two from: ✓ ✓
use of P=IV Condone time in minutes in 2nd MP only.
use of Q=It
converting t to seconds

1100 (C) ✓

03.1 MRI scanners / particle accelerators / MAGLEV trains / SQUIDs / 1 Allow other examples not listed here
electrical power transmission ✓ Not electromagnet or power magnet

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

03.2 high magnetic fields / low or no heating effect / increased efficiency for 1 Reason must match application given in 03.1
power transmission ✓

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

04.1 𝑓2 1 2
𝑇
= 2 seen in this form or re-arranged ✓
4μl

𝑓2
gradient = 𝑇
plus appropriate manipulation ✓

04.2 evidence of obtaining gradient (expect 45) ✓ 4

 calculated using their gradient ✓

use of  = m/L ✓

4.4 × 10−3 (kg) ✓ Penalise 1 sf answer

05 mercury atoms are excited/ionised ✓ 3 Allow descriptions of electrons moving between energy
by electron collisions ✓ levels for 1st and 3rd MP

atoms/ions de-excite/relax (emitting UV photons) ✓

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

06.1 Three from: ✓ ✓ ✓ 4 Full marks for correct answer. Allow alternative method
reading from graph: 3.2 ± 0.2 (k) using pot divider equation.
Condone power of ten omission for 1st MP
their RT + 10 × 103 ()
use of I = 18/R Allow C s-1 and V -1

Unit consistent with power of 10 used for R

Accept answers rounded to 2sf from correct graph reading

1.34 to 1.38 × 10−3 (A) or 1.34 to 1.38 (mA) ✓

use of P = I2R eg (their 06.1) × 10 × 10 ✓

2 3
06.2 2 Condone power of ten error for current and/or resistance
for 1st MP only.
Allow 1st MP for calculation of power of circuit: P = 182/total
R or P = 18 × their 0.61), or use of V=IR

0.018 or 0.019 or 0.020 (W) ✓

Allow ecf from 06.1

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

07.1 work done when accelerating an electron through a pd of 1 V ✓ 1 Accept “energy gained when an electron accelerates
through a pd of 1 V” OWTTE

2VQ
07.2 Use of W=VQ (or VIt if t=1s) and Ek = ½ mv2 OR v = √ seen ✓ 2 Accept “e” for “Q”.
m

Substitution of values of electron charge or mass leading to 11 𝑒

Allow 1.76×10 if clearly used for 𝑚
5.93x105√𝑉 ✓ 𝑒

h v = 4.19 × 107 if exact values used

07.3 use of λ = OR v = 4.17 × 107 (m s−1) seen ✓ 2
mv

1.7 × 10−11 (m) or 1.74 × 10−11 (m) ✓ Allow 1.8 × 10−11 (m)

07.4 Max 2 from: ✓ ✓ 2

electrons (previously) considered to be particles

electrons/particles not expected to diffract
only waves (previously) observed to diffract
diffraction is a wave property
(shows) electron can behave like a wave

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019
07.5 Max 2 from: ✓ ✓ 2

smaller electron momentum/speed/velocity/energy

larger de Broglie wavelength Accept double slit argument
larger diffraction angle

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

sin30 Must see n as subject

08.1 use of Snell’s Law with correct values eg n= sin22 seen ✓ 2

1.335 or 1.33 ✓ Accept 1.34. Value required to at least 3 sf.

08.2 refractive index of water is less than refractive index of glass ✓ 1 Accept optical density for refractive index

08.3 angle of incidence = 90 – 22 OR 68° seen ✓ 3

use of Snell’s Law eg 1.3sin68 = 1.55sinθ ✓
angle of refraction (into glass) = 51.0° ✓ Allow use of their 08.1 (1.335 gives 53.0°)

1.00
08.4 critical angle (glass–air) = sin–1 (1.55) ✓ 3
critical angle = 40.2 (degrees) ✓
laser beam totally internally reflects, from some relevant rationale ✓ ecf from 08.3

08.5 sensible safety suggestion eg beam aimed away from students; 1 Don’t allow “wear goggles”
reflections from water/glass ✓

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

09.1 Max 3 from: ✓ ✓ ✓ 3 Ignore reference to damping

4th marking point implies 3rd marking point ie 2 marks for
all oscillate with same amplitude
TZ = √2TX (or √2TY) OR correct calculations of TZ, and TX
X and Y oscillate with same phase/time period/frequency or TY. (Allow equivalent versions for f.)
Z oscillates with longer time period/lower frequency (than X and/or Y)
TZ = √2TX (or √2TY) OR calculations of TZ, and TX or TY Reference to all three pendulums required for 3 marks

09.2 Max 2 from: ✓ ✓ 2

fewer oscillations (before it stops moving)

oscillations at same frequency/time period (as undamped
pendulum)
height/energy/amplitude reduced (more rapidly)

09.3 l 1 𝑔 2
use of T = 2π√ OR f = √ OR 1.343 (s) seen ✓
g 2𝜋 𝑙

0.745 (Hz) ✓

09.4 decrease the length of the pendulum ✓ 2

by 0.004 m OR to 0.446 m ✓

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

10.1 to limit the current in the circuit/to protect the battery / to prevent short 1 OWTTE
circuit ✓

10.2 both points accurately plotted ✓ 2

error bars correctly shown on all points ✓

10.3 well drawn straight line of best fit ✓ 1

large triangle drawn or implied and values taken from the line of best
10.4 2
fit - more than 8 cm or ΔI > 𝑜𝑟 = 2 ✓

answer in the range −0.16 to −0.18 (V A–1) ✓ 2 or 3 sf with negative sign

reads their y-intercept (expect within range 7.20 to 7.28) or uses 3 sf only.
10.5 2
values from line of best fit ✓
ecf from 10.4. Penalise negative sign.
answer equal to the magnitude of the gradient found in 10.4 ✓

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Question Marking guidance Mark Comments

11.1 conversion of time from microseconds ✓ 3

use of f=1/T ✓ Condone power of ten error for 2nd mark

2.5 × 106 (Hz) ✓

11.2 single pulse drawn at 12.6 s ✓ 2 Allow between 11.8 s and 13.4 s
same frequency OR reduced amplitude ✓ Ignore phase. Condone only one cycle drawn.

11.3 reading from graph = 160 s ✓ 3 Allow full marks for 156 or 158 s
−6 𝑠
use of s = vt eg 1540 × 160 × 10 OR = 𝑣𝑡 OR 0.246 m seen ✓
2

0.12 (m) ✓

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 MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS PHYSICS – PH02 – JANUARY 2019

Question Key

12 A

13 D

14 C

15 A

16 C

17 A

18 B

19 A

20 D

21 A

22 C

23 C

24 B

25 D

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