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ANSI/SAIA A92.20 – 2020

Design, Calculations,
Safety Requirements and
Test Methods
for
Mobile Elevating Work Platforms
(MEWPs)

Additional information on ANSI/SAIA A92.20-2020

can be found at www.saiaonline.org/a92
This is a preview of "ANSI/SAIA A92.20 - 2...". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store.
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ANSI/SAIA A92.20-2020

Date of Publication: May 15, 2020

This Standard will become effective: June 1, 2020

This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute: May 7, 2020

The effective date is established by the standards developer and not by the American National Standards
Institute.

This Standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National
Standards (ANS). The Consensus Committee that approved the Standard was balanced to assure that
individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed
Standard was made available for public review and comment which provides an opportunity for additional
public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public at large.

The Scaffold & Access Industry Association, Inc. (SAIA) does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item,
construction, proprietary device or activity.

The Scaffold & Access Industry Association, Inc. (SAIA) does not take any position with respect to the
validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document and does
not undertake to ensure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable
Letters Patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of this Standard are expressly advised that the
determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of the infringement of such rights, is
entirely their own responsibility.

Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated within the industry is not to be
interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this standard.

The Scaffold & Access Industry Association, Inc. (SAIA) accepts responsibility for only those
interpretations issued in accordance with governing ANSI Essential Requirements which preclude the
issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers.
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ANSI/SAIA
A92.20-2020

AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD

establishing
DESIGN, CALCULATIONS,
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS
and TEST METHODS
for MOBILE ELEVATING
WORK PLATFORMS (MEWPs)

Secretariat
Scaffold & Access Industry Association, Inc.

Approved: May 7, 2020

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

© 2020 SAIA – All Rights Reserved

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Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that

American the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval
National have been met by the standards developer.

Standard Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of

Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and
materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than
a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all
views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made
toward their resolution.

The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; their

existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has
approved the standard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or
using products, or procedures not conforming to the standards.

The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and
will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National
Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an
interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American
National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be
addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title
page of this standard.

CAUTION NOTICE: This American National Standard may be revised or

withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards
Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this
standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of
American National Standards may receive current information on all
standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.

Published by

Scaffold & Access Industry Association Inc.

400 Admiral Boulevard Kansas City, MO 64106
816.595.4860 • www.saiaonline.org

Copyright ©2020 by the Scaffold & Access Industry Association Inc.

All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without
the prior written permission of the publisher.

Printed in the United States of America

© 2020 SAIA – All Rights Reserved

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Foreword (This foreword is not part of American National Standard for A92.20-2020.)
This standard is one of a series on Mobile Elevating Work Platforms developed under the committee procedures
of the American National Standards Institute. The accredited A92 standards committee was organized by the
Institute in 1948. The Scaffold & Access Industry Association Inc. serves as Secretariat.

The primary objective of this standard is to define rules for safeguarding persons and objects against the risk of
accident associated with the operation of mobile elevating work platforms (hereafter referred to as MEWPs).

Interpretations and Suggestions for Improvement

All inquiries requesting interpretation of the Committee’s approved American National Standards shall be in
writing and directed to the Secretariat. The A92 Committee shall approve the interpretation before submission to
the inquirer. No one but the A92 Committee is authorized to provide any interpretation of this standard.

All requests for interpretation and all suggestions for improvement shall be forwarded in writing to the ASC A92
Committee, c/o Secretariat ~ Scaffold & Access Industry Association, 400 Admiral Boulevard, Kansas City, MO
64106.

The A92 Committee solicits comments on and criticism of the requirements of the standards. The standards will
be revised from time to time when necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the
application of the standards. Proposals for improvement of this standard will be welcome. Proposals should be
as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed rationale for the
proposal including any pertinent documentation.

Erratum to A92.20-2018

Reference: Table 3— Performance Levels for Safety Devices Updated December 19, 2018

The A92.20 Subcommittee notes editorial errors in the 2018 edition of ANSI/SAIA A92.20, Standard Design,
Calculations, Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs). Paragraph
of Standard References were replaced with the correct references, and duplicated descriptions or descriptions
that did not reference back to the standard, were removed from the Descriptions Safety Function.

Revisions to A92.20-2020

The ANSI/SAIA A92.20-2020 contains revisions to eliminate Commercial Term Violations. Further
clarification on the revisions can be found at www.saiaonline.org/a92.
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This Standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Standards Committee A92 -
Aerial Platforms. The ASC A92 Main Committee’s approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all
committee members voted for its approval. At the time the ASC A92 committee approved this standard, the A92
- Aerial Platforms Committee had the following members:

Joshua Chard, Chairman

Francis Bonesteel, Vice‐Chairman
DeAnna Martin, A92 Liaison

Organization Represented .............................................................. Name of Representative

Alimak Group USA, Inc. ................................................................................................................ Gregory Janda
Tony Dragone
Allied Insurance Brokers .............................................................................................................. Cameron Boots
Altec Industries Inc. ............................................................................................................................. Bryan Hall
Robert Crowder
Altec Neuco ..................................................................................................................................... Butch Barron
Eric Lumberg
American Rental Association..................................................................................................... John McClelland
Kevin Gern
Arrowhead Aerial Products, Inc .................................................................................................. Sharon McCarty
Arrowhead Product Development, Inc ....................................................................................... Gary Werkhoven
Aspen Aerials, Inc. ........................................................................................................................... Patrick Clark
Justin Laskowski
Association of Equipment Manufacturers (AEM).............................................................................. Jeff Jurgens
Beta Max Inc. ........................................................................................................................................................
Blazing Technologies .................................................................................................................... Robert Backer
Bonesteel Construction Company ..............................................................................................Frank Bonesteel
BrandSafway ........................................................................................................................................ Don Allen
Brent Hoover LLC ............................................................................................................................Brent Hoover
Brewington & Company ............................................................................................................. John Brewington
CED Technologies, Inc. ............................................................................................................. George Wharton
Century Elevators ......................................................................................................................... Paula Manning
CPWR The Center for Construction Research and Training .................................................. Michael Kassman
Gary Gustafson
Diversified Inspections/ ITL ............................................................................................................. Jerry Tanner
Ralph Goodwin
Duke Energy Carolina East ........................................................................................................... David Benson
Sammy Nifong
Duke Energy Florida ................................................................................................................... Donald Barrows
Dur-A-Lift Inc.......................................................................................................................... Douglas Brinkhous
Eckstine and Associates, Inc. ..................................................................................................... Dennis Eckstine
Matthew Eckstine
Elliott Equipment Company ................................................................................................................. Alan Calta
Matt Gill
Entergy ....................................................................................................................................... James Labudde
EPRO Safety Solutions ................................................................................................................... Albert Eccles
Equipment Consultant Services Unlimited Inc. ............................................................................ Bradley Nester
Equipment Technology LLC ............................................................................................................Bobby Taylor
Will Urban
Eric A. Schmidt, P.E. ........................................................................................................................Eric Schmidt
Evulich & Associates ...................................................................................................................... Barris Evulich
ExxonMobil ....................................................................................................................................... Frank Radio
EZ Scaffold ..................................................................................................................................... James Hinton
Florida Power and Light Company .................................................................................................. Glenn Martin
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Fraco Products Ltd. .............................................................................................................. Francois Villeneuve

Shanon Beekman
Genie Industries.................................................................................................................................Jason Berry
Harrison Jenkins
Global Rentals ............................................................................................................................... Joshua Chard
Global Safety & Equipment Inc.................................................................................................... Geoffrey Arther
H&E Equipment Services, Inc. .......................................................................................................Frankie Wynn
Haulotte Group ......................................................................................................................... Kevin Gildea, PE
Heath and Associates ................................................................................................................. Frederick Heath
Herc Rentals .......................................................................................................................................... Bill Cobb
Herc Rentals .......................................................................................................................... Michael Hayden Jr.
Hubbell Power Systems, Inc......................................................................................................... Dustin Sullivan
Hugg & Hall Equipment ................................................................................................................ Bob Hendricks
Hy-Brid Lifts/ Custom Equipment ..................................................................................................... Ben Froland
Terry Dolan
Hydro Mobile Inc. ............................................................................................................................ Kevin O'Shea
Sony Trudel
IBEW Local 164 .........................................................................................................................Michael DeGiglio
International Masonry Institute (IMI) ............................................................................................. David Wysocki
IPAF, Ltd. ............................................................................................................................................ Tony Groat
Dan Moss
IREX Contracting Group .................................................................................................................Tom Pokornik
IVES Training & Compliance Group Inc. ........................................................................................ Robert Vetter
JDB Equipment Company Inc. ....................................................................................................... David Sexton
JLG Industries Inc. ...................................................................................................................... Stephen Forgas
Mark Vaughn
KHL Group/Access, Lift & Handlers Magazine ................................................................................. Tony Radke
Klimer Platforms Inc...................................................................................................................... James Gordon
Lee Electrical Construction Inc. ...........................................................................................................John Cook
Jason Lee
Lewis Tree Service .............................................................................................................................Chris Maka
Samuel Luna
Lift-A-Loft Corporation ................................................................................................................... Chris Barefoot
McClain & Co., Inc. .......................................................................................................................Daniel McClain
MEC Aerial Work Platforms ............................................................................................................... Gary Crook
Mark Kroeker
Merrifield Safety Consulting LLC ..................................................................................................Dave Merrifield
MEWPs Inc. ................................................................................................................................ Richard Staples
Scott Loura
ML Cranes & Equipment ............................................................................................................. Mickey Hodges
Moog USA Inc...............................................................................................................................Christina Moog
Cindy Watson
Niftylift Inc. .................................................................................................................................. Steven Redding
James Clare
OEM Controls, Inc ............................................................................................................................ Paul Rohaly
Robert Wuertz
Parker - Helac ...................................................................................................................................Carl Kishline
Pepco .................................................................................................................................... Christopher Hughes
Phenix Technologies .......................................................................................................................... Mark Miller
Pike Electric, LLC ............................................................................................................................. Andy Cleary
Kevin Watson
Piranha Safety .................................................................................................................................... Eric Moran
Homer Kyle
Power Equipment Leasing Co, Inc ............................................................................................ Tracy Schroeder
ReechCraft Inc. ............................................................................................................................. Jason Solhjem
Shane Nickel
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Reynolds Engineering Services Inc. ....................................................................................... Stephen Reynolds

RLH Consulting LLC ............................................................................................................ Richard Hoffelmeyer
Salt River Project (SRP) ................................................................................................................. Brendan King
Scaffold Resource, LLC .................................................................................................................... Brett Friedel
SEA, LTD ...................................................................................................................................... Brian Boggess
Skyjack Inc...................................................................................................................................... Ian McGregor
Snorkel International LLC ....................................................................................................... Jeff Eckhardt, P.E.
Tony Deatherage
Southern California Edison .............................................................................................................. Randy Stone
Southern Company - Alabama Power Company ........................................................................... Herman Scott
Jenny Taylor
Sunbelt Rentals ..................................................................................................................... Jeffrey Stachowiak
Sunstate Equipment Co. ....................................................................................................................... Jake Kidd
Superior Scaffold Services Inc. ............................................................................................. Shawn MacDonald
Technology International Co........................................................................................................... Michael Zhou
Terex South Dakota, Inc. ...................................................................................................................... Jim Olson
Dan Brenden
Terex Utilities, Inc. .............................................................................................................................. Ted Barron
The Townsend Corporation ....................................................................................................... Mark Kimbrough
The VON Corporation ........................................................................................................... Fred von Herrmann
Time Manufacturing Company ................................................................................................... James Christian
Brian Davis
TNT Equipment Co. .................................................................................................................. Michael Solomon
TrainMOR / Morrison Industrial Equipment ....................................................................................... Scott Ahner
Tutus LLC ...................................................................................................................................... Forrest Hester
Kevin Jones
United Rentals ................................................................................................................................... Teresa Kee
Lee Braden
Utility Truck Equipment & Parts LLC ................................................................................................ John Mlaker
Vollmer-Gray Engineering ...............................................................................................................Paul Guthorn
Waco Boom Company Ltd ......................................................................................................... Jonathan Woods
Bob Simon
Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates Inc. ......................................................................................... Jason Kamman
Xtreme Manufacturing ...................................................................................................................... Jake Adkins
Jonathan Rasa
Zachry Group ....................................................................................................................................Daniel Davis
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Subcommittee A92.20 on Design, Calculations, Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Mobile Elevating Work
Platforms (MEWPs), had the following members:

Brent Hoover, Chairman

Jake Adkins Paul Guthorn
Donald E. Allison, Ph.D., P.E. Bryan Hall
Robert Backer Forrest Hester
Thomas Baker W. Mark Hinkel
Jason Berry Richard Hoffelmeyer
Brad Boehler Harrison Jenkins
Brian Boggess Kevin Jones
Frank Bonesteel Carl Kishline
John Brewington Eric Lumberg
Randall Breyer Ian McGregor
Joshua Chard John Mlaker
James Christian Eric Moran
Brian Clark Daniel J. Moss
Patrick Clark Jim Olson
Robert Crowder Tony Radke
Brian Davis Steven Redding
Michael DeGiglio Stephen Reynolds
Donald Dorfman Paul Rohaly
Albert Eccles Don Schaller
Jeff Eckhardt, P.E. Martin Schweizer
Dennis Eckstine Herman Scott
Matthew Eckstine R. Kevin Smith, P.E.
Jared Evers Jason Solhjem
Bill Evia Randy Stone
Barris Evulich Tjaco Sussenbach
Stephen Forgas Mark Vaughns
Kevin Gern Luke Webber
Kevin Gildea, PE David White
Tony Groat Michael Zhou
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Contents Section.................................................................................................................... Page

1. Scope and Purpose ...................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................ 2
1.2 Purpose ............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Applicability ....................................................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Exclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 3
1.5 Measurement .................................................................................................................................... 3

2. Referenced and Related American National Standards and Related Publications ........................ 3
2.1 Referenced American National Standards........................................................................................ 3
2.2 Other Referenced Documents .......................................................................................................... 4

3. Definitions..................................................................................................................................... 4

4. Safety Requirements and/or Protective Measures ...................................................................... 11

4.1 Compliance .....................................................................................................................................11
4.2 Structural and Stability Calculations ...............................................................................................11
4.2.1 Calculations and Rated Load ................................................................................................11
4.2.2 Loads and Forces Acting on MEWP Structure ......................................................................12
4.2.2.1 General ........................................................................................................................12
4.2.2.2. Forces Created by Rated Load and Structural Masses ..............................................12
4.2.2.3 Load Distribution on Work Platform .............................................................................12
4.2.2.4 Wind Forces .................................................................................................................13
4.2.2.4.1 Outdoor MEWPs .................................................................................................13
4.2.2.4.2 Shape Factors Applied to Surfaces Exposed to Wind .......................................14
4.2.2.4.3 Surface Area of Persons on a Work Platform Exposed to Wind ........................14
4.2.2.4.4 Tools and Equipment on Work Platform Exposed to Wind ................................14
4.2.2.5 Manual Forces .............................................................................................................14
4.2.2.6 Special Loads and Forces ...........................................................................................14
4.2.3 Stability Calculations .............................................................................................................15
4.2.3.1 Forces Created by Structural Masses and Rated Load ...............................................15
4.2.3.2 Wind Forces .................................................................................................................15
4.2.3.3 Manual Forces .............................................................................................................15
4.2.3.4 Special Loads and Forces ...........................................................................................15
4.2.3.5 Calculation of Overturning and Stabilizing Moments ...................................................15
4.2.4 Structural Calculations ...........................................................................................................22
4.2.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................22
4.2.4.2 Analysis ........................................................................................................................23
4.2.4.2.1 General Stress Analysis .....................................................................................23
4.2.4.2.2 Elastic Stability Analysis .....................................................................................23
4.2.4.2.3 Fatigue-Stress Analysis ......................................................................................23
4.2.4.2.4 Effects of Stress Concentration and Ambient Temperature ...............................24
4.2.5 Verification .............................................................................................................................24
4.3 Chassis and Stabilizing Devices .....................................................................................................24
4.3.1 Automatic Safety Device .......................................................................................................24
4.3.2 Chassis Inclination .................................................................................................................24
4.3.3 Locking Pins ..........................................................................................................................25
4.3.4 Control Bars ...........................................................................................................................25
4.3.5 Control Bars Held in Vertical Position ...................................................................................25
4.3.6 Stabilizing Device Feet ..........................................................................................................25
4.3.7 Permitted Work Platform Positions ........................................................................................25
4.3.8 Prevention of Powered Stabilizing Device Movement ...........................................................25
4.3.9 Manually Operated Stabilizing Devices .................................................................................26
4.3.10 Movement of Stabilizing Devices ........................................................................................26

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4.3.11 Hourmeter ............................................................................................................................26

4.3.12 Control Positions .................................................................................................................26
4.3.13 Totally Manually Operated MEWPs ....................................................................................26
4.3.14 Oscillating Axle Lock or Control Systems ............................................................................27
4.3.15 Self-Propelled MEWP Brakes..............................................................................................27
4.3.16 Unauthorized Use ................................................................................................................27
4.3.17 Maximum Travel Speeds in Elevated Travel Position .........................................................27
4.3.18 Stopping Distances ..............................................................................................................28
4.3.19 Maximum Travel Speed of Pedestrian-Controlled MEWPs ................................................28
4.3.20 Engine Exhaust ...................................................................................................................28
4.3.21 Filling Points for Fluids ........................................................................................................28
4.3.22 Battery Constraint ................................................................................................................29
4.3.23 Derailment and Run-Away Prevention ................................................................................29
4.3.23.1 General ......................................................................................................................29
4.3.23.2 Proof Against Derailment ...........................................................................................29
4.3.23.3 Load Cases for Prevention of Derailment During Moving .........................................29
4.3.23.4 Limiting Use of MEWPs Due to Derailment Requirements .......................................30
4.3.23.5 Prevention of Run-Away — Placement and Removal from Rails ..............................30
4.4 Extending Structure.........................................................................................................................30
4.4.1 Methods to Avoid Overturning and Exceeding Permissible Stresses ...................................30
4.4.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................30
4.4.1.2 Load-Sensing System ..................................................................................................30
4.4.1.3 Position Control ............................................................................................................31
4.4.1.3.1 General ...............................................................................................................31
4.4.1.3.2 Mechanical Limiting Devices ..............................................................................31
4.4.1.3.3 Non-Mechanical Limiting Devices ......................................................................31
4.4.1.4 Moment-Sensing System .............................................................................................31
4.4.1.5 Criteria for Enhanced Stability for Limited Work Platform Dimensions ........................32
4.4.1.6 Criteria for Enhanced Overload for Limited Work Platform Dimensions......................32
4.4.1.7 Variable Working Envelope with More Than One Rated Load ....................................32
4.4.1.8 Variable Working Envelope with One Rated Load.......................................................33
4.4.1.9 Verification ...................................................................................................................33
4.4.2 Sequencing of Extending Structure .......................................................................................33
4.4.3 Trapping and Shearing ..........................................................................................................33
4.4.4 Supporting Extending Structure for Routine Maintenance ....................................................33
4.4.5 Speeds of Extending Structure ..............................................................................................33
4.5 Extending Structure Drive Systems ................................................................................................34
4.5.1 General ..................................................................................................................................34
4.5.1.1 Unintended Motion .......................................................................................................34
4.5.1.2 Protection of Extending Structure from Power Sources ..............................................34
4.5.1.3 Failure of Transmission Chain or Belt ..........................................................................34
4.5.1.4 Kick-Back of Handles ...................................................................................................34
4.5.1.5 Powered and Manual Drive Systems for the Same Function ......................................34
4.5.1.6 Braking System for All Drives ......................................................................................35
4.5.2 Wire-Rope Drive Systems .....................................................................................................35
4.5.2.1 Wire-Rope Drive System Safety ..................................................................................35
4.5.2.1.1 General ...............................................................................................................35
4.5.2.1.2 Mechanical Safety Device ..................................................................................35
4.5.2.1.3 Additional Wire-Rope Drive System ...................................................................35
4.5.2.2 Load-Carrying Wire Ropes ..........................................................................................36
4.5.2.3 System of Multiple Wire Ropes ....................................................................................36
4.5.2.4 Re-tensioning Wire Ropes ...........................................................................................36
4.5.2.5 Terminations of Wire Ropes ........................................................................................36
4.5.2.6 Visual Examination of Wire Rope Terminations ..........................................................37

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4.5.2.7 Safety Device for MEWP Work Platforms Raised and Lowered by Wire Ropes .........37
4.5.2.8 Rope Drum Grooves and Prevention of Rope Leaving the Ends of the Drum ............37
4.5.2.9 Layers of Rope .............................................................................................................37
4.5.2.10 Turns of Rope ............................................................................................................37
4.5.2.11 Fastening Rope to Drum ............................................................................................37
4.5.2.12 Unintentional Displacement of Rope .........................................................................37
4.5.2.13 Drum and Sheave Grooves .......................................................................................38
4.5.3 Chain Drive Systems .............................................................................................................38
4.5.3.1 Limit of Vertical Movement in Case of Failure .............................................................38
4.5.3.1.1 General ...............................................................................................................38
4.5.3.1.2 Single-Chain Drive Systems ...............................................................................38
4.5.3.1.3 Two-Chain Drive Systems ..................................................................................38
4.5.3.2 Multiple Chains Attached to a Point .............................................................................39
4.5.3.3 Tensioning Chains .......................................................................................................39
4.5.3.4 Strength of Junction Between Chain and Termination ................................................39
4.5.3.5 Visual Examination of Chains and Terminations .........................................................39
4.5.3.6 Safety Device for MEWP Work Platforms Raised and Lowered by Chains ................39
4.5.3.7 Unintentional Displacement of Chain ...........................................................................39
4.5.4 Lead-Screw Drive Systems ...................................................................................................39
4.5.4.1 Lead-Screw and Nut Design Stress and Material ........................................................39
4.5.4.2 Separation of Lead Screw from Work Platform ...........................................................39
4.5.4.3 Load-Bearing Nut and Safety Nut ................................................................................40
4.5.4.4 Detection of Wear on Nuts ...........................................................................................40
4.5.5 Rack and Pinion Drive Systems ............................................................................................40
4.5.5.1 Design Stress of Racks and Pinions ............................................................................40
4.5.5.2 Safety Device and Over-Speed Governor ...................................................................40
4.5.5.3 Device to Prevent Pinion Disengagement ...................................................................40
4.5.5.4 Visual Examination of Pinions ......................................................................................40
4.6 Work Platform .................................................................................................................................40
4.6.1 Level of Work Platform ..........................................................................................................40
4.6.2 Work Platform Materials ........................................................................................................41
4.6.3 Guardrail (Protection) Systems .............................................................................................41
4.6.4 Anchorage(s) .........................................................................................................................41
4.6.5 Openings in Guardrails for Entrance and Exit .......................................................................41
4.6.5.1 General ........................................................................................................................41
4.6.5.2 Special-Purpose Work Platforms .................................................................................41
4.6.6 Floor of Work Platform ...........................................................................................................42
4.6.7 Chains or Ropes ....................................................................................................................42
4.6.8 Access Ladder .......................................................................................................................42
4.6.9 Handholds and Handrails ......................................................................................................42
4.6.10 Trapdoors ............................................................................................................................42
4.6.11 Audible Warning Device ......................................................................................................42
4.6.12 Means of Communication ....................................................................................................42
4.6.13 Mechanical Stops ................................................................................................................43
4.6.14 Work Platforms Constructed from Non-Conductive Materials .............................................43
4.7 Controls ...........................................................................................................................................44
4.7.1 Activation and Operation .......................................................................................................44
4.7.2 Direction of Movement...........................................................................................................44
4.7.3 Location, Accessibility, Protection and Selection among Duplicate Controls .......................44
4.7.4 Emergency Stops ..................................................................................................................45
4.7.5 Electrical Switches .................................................................................................................45
4.7.6 Pilot and Solenoid Valves ......................................................................................................45
4.7.7 Restoration of Power after Failure .........................................................................................45
4.7.8 Overriding Emergency System ..............................................................................................45

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4.7.9 Speed Restriction ..................................................................................................................45

4.7.10 Automatic or Programmed Operation ..................................................................................46
4.8 Electrical Equipment .......................................................................................................................46
4.8.1 Relevant Norms and Standards ............................................................................................46
4.8.2 Main Power Disconnect/Security ...........................................................................................46
4.8.3 Cables ....................................................................................................................................46
4.8.4 Battery Protection ..................................................................................................................46
4.8.5 Ingress of Water ....................................................................................................................46
4.8.6 Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) ....................................................................................47
4.9 Hydraulic Systems ..........................................................................................................................47
4.9.1 Pressure-Limiting Device.......................................................................................................47
4.9.2 Strength of Pipes and Connections .......................................................................................47
4.9.3 Bursting Strength of Hoses and Fittings ................................................................................47
4.9.4 Pressure Rating of Other Components .................................................................................47
4.9.5 Gauge Connections ...............................................................................................................47
4.9.6 Venting of Air .........................................................................................................................47
4.9.7 Inlet Filter ...............................................................................................................................48
4.9.8 Fluid Level Indicators .............................................................................................................48
4.9.9 Fluid Cleanliness ...................................................................................................................48
4.9.10 Gas-Loaded Accumulators ..................................................................................................48
4.10 Hydraulic Cylinders .......................................................................................................................48
4.10.1 Structural Design .................................................................................................................48
4.10.1.1 General ......................................................................................................................48
4.10.1.2 Normal Operating Conditions .....................................................................................48
4.10.1.2.1 Buckling ............................................................................................................48
4.10.1.2.2 Constructional Details ......................................................................................49
4.10.1.2.3 Conditions Causing Pressure above Pressure-Limiting Device Pressures .....49
4.10.1.3 Failure Conditions ......................................................................................................52
4.10.1.3.1 Oil Leaking Past Piston Seals ..........................................................................52
4.10.1.3.2 Several Cylinders Operating the Same Mechanism ........................................53
4.10.2 Prevention of Unintended Movement of Load-Holding Cylinders .......................................53
4.10.3 Verification ...........................................................................................................................53
4.11 Safety Devices ..............................................................................................................................53

5. Verification of the Safety Requirements and/or Measures .......................................................... 55

5.1 Examinations and Tests ........................................................................................................................55
5.1.1 General ........................................................................................................................................55
5.1.2 Design Check ...............................................................................................................................55
5.1.3 Manufacturing Check ...................................................................................................................55
5.1.4 Tests.............................................................................................................................................56
5.1.4.1 Dynamic Fall Arrest Anchorage Test ..................................................................................56
5.1.4.2 Stability Tests .....................................................................................................................57
5.1.4.2.1 Static Tests ......................................................................................................................57
5.1.4.2.2 Dynamic Tests on Types 2 and 3 MEWPs ......................................................................58
5.1.4.2.2.1 General ..................................................................................................................58
5.1.4.2.2.2 Curb and Depression Tests ...................................................................................60
5.1.4.2.2.3 Braking Tests .........................................................................................................61
5.1.4.3 Overload Test .....................................................................................................................62
5.1.4.4 Functional Tests .................................................................................................................63
5.1.4.5 Underbridge MEWP Overload and Stability Tests ............................................................63
5.2 Type Tests .............................................................................................................................................63
5.3 Production MEWP Tests .......................................................................................................................64

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6. Information for Use ..................................................................................................................... 64

6.1 General ..................................................................................................................................................64
6.2 Operator’s Manual .................................................................................................................................64
6.2.1 Content .........................................................................................................................................64
6.2.2 Modifications ................................................................................................................................65
6.3 Parts and Service Manuals ....................................................................................................................65
6.4 Marking ..................................................................................................................................................65
6.4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................65
6.4.2 Manufacturer's Plate ....................................................................................................................65
6.4.3 Work Platform ..............................................................................................................................66
6.4.4 Multiple Rated Loads ...................................................................................................................67
6.4.5 Emergency Systems ....................................................................................................................67
6.4.6 Work Platform Rated Loads .........................................................................................................67
6.4.7 MEWPs Designed for Indoor Use Only........................................................................................67
6.4.8 External Power Supply Connections ............................................................................................67
6.4.9 Detachable Parts ..........................................................................................................................67
6.4.10 Instructions .................................................................................................................................68
6.4.11 Projecting Extremities ................................................................................................................68
6.4.12 Wheel/Stabilizing Device Load ..................................................................................................68
6.4.13 Tire Pressure ..............................................................................................................................68
6.4.14 Maintenance ...............................................................................................................................68
6.4.15 Stabilizing Device Use ...............................................................................................................68
6.4.16 Pressurized Vessel ....................................................................................................................68
6.4.17 Annual Inspection.......................................................................................................................68

Appendixes (Informative) ................................................................................................Page

Appendix A
Calculation of Wire Rope Drive Systems ...........................................................................................................69

Appendix B
Calculation Example — Wire Rope Drive Systems ...........................................................................................76

Appendix C
Curb Test Calculations .......................................................................................................................................82

Appendix D
Additional Requirements for Wireless Controls and Control Systems ...............................................................85

Appendix F
MEWP Classifications ........................................................................................................................................87

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ANSI/SAIA A92.20-2020

Introduction

This American National Standard is one of a series of standards produced by ANSI/SAIA A92 as part of its
program of work regarding standardization of terminology, ratings, general principles (technical performance
requirements and risk assessment), safety requirements, test methods, maintenance and operation for
elevating work platforms used to raise (elevate) and position personnel (and related work tools and
materials).

This Standard, ANSI/SAIA A92.20, along with companion Standards ANSI/SAIA A92.22 and ANSI/SAIA
A92.24, have been developed to replace existing Standards ANSI/SAIA A92.3, ANSI/SAIA A92.5,
ANSI/SAIA A92.6 and ANSI/SAIA A92.8. The reasoning that led to the development of these three new
Standards was: to combine the requirements for MEWPs exhibiting similar configuration and application; to
more closely harmonize with existing ISO Standards; and to more closely relate to a specific audience.

The objective of this American National Standard is to define principles of design, safety requirements and
methods for verifying these safety requirements for mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs). A MEWP is
the product of activities that include design, production and testing to provide information on the MEWP.

This American National Standard does not repeat all the general technical rules applicable to every
electrical, mechanical or structural component. Its safety requirements have been drawn up on the basis
that MEWPs are periodically maintained according to given instructions, working conditions, frequency of
use and national or other regulations. It is assumed that MEWPs are checked for function before start of
work, whether used daily or seldom used, and are not put into operation unless all the required control and
safety devices are available and in working order. Where, for clarity, an example of a safety measure is
given in the text, it is not intended as the only possible solution. Any other solution leading to the same risk
reduction is permissible if an equivalent level of safety is achieved.

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ANSI/SAIA A92.20-2020

American National Standard Establishing Design,

Calculations, Safety Requirements and Test Methods
for Mobile Elevating Work Platforms (MEWPs)
1. Scope and Purpose

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 This American National Standard specifies safety requirements and preventive measures, and the
means for their verification, for certain types and sizes of mobile elevating work platforms (MEWPs)
Intended to position personnel, along with their necessary tools and materials, at work locations. It contains
the structural design calculations and stability criteria, construction, safety examinations and tests that shall
be applied before a MEWP is first put into service.

1.1.2 Effective Dates

This standard is effective June 1, 2020 as follows:

1.1.2.1 Design, Manufacture and Remanufacture Requirements

⎯ The design and manufacturing requirements of this Standard shall apply to all MEWPs
manufactured/remanufactured on or after the effective date; and

⎯ MEWPs manufactured/ remanufactured on or after the effective date shall comply with the
requirements of this Standard.

1.1.2.2 Rebuild/Reconditioned Requirements

Rebuilt/reconditioned MEWPs shall comply with the Standards in effect as of the date of their original
manufacture.

1.2 Purpose

1.2.1 This Standard is intended to serve as a guide for manufacturers, remanufacturers, engineers and
designers of MEWPs to achieve the following objectives:

a) prevention of accidents and personal injuries;

b) establishment of criteria for design, manufacture, remanufacture, rebuild/recondition, testing and

performance; and

c) establishment and understanding by manufacturers, remanufacturers, engineers, and designers of

their responsibilities.

1.3 Applicability

This American National Standard is not applicable to:

a) permanently installed personnel-lifting appliances serving defined levels;

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