PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
I. Determinacy of Beams, Trusses, & Frames II. Influence Line for Beams and Trusses
• Beams
𝑫 = 𝒓 − 𝟑𝒎 Situation: From the given beam in the figure, using a uniform
• Trusses live load of 18 kN/m and a concentrated live load of 90 kN.
𝑫 = 𝒓 + 𝒎 − 𝟐𝒋 Compute the following using the influence line in each case.
• Frames
𝑫 = 𝒓 + 𝟑𝒎 − 𝟑𝒋 − 𝒆𝒄
or
𝑫 = 𝒓 − 𝟑𝒎
2m 1m 3m
Situation: Classify each structure as statically determinate,
statically indeterminate, or unstable. If indeterminate, 6. Maximum reaction at D. (Ans. 288 kN)
specify the degree of indeterminacy. 7. Maximum negative shear at C. (Ans. 129 kN)
8. Maximum positive moment at C. (Ans. 78 kN-m)
1. 9. Maximum moment at C due to dead load plus live load. The
uniform dead load is 30 kN/m. (Ans. -294 kN-m)

Situation: The bridge truss shown in the figure carries a

concentrated load of 20 kN and a uniform load of 2 kN/m.

2.

10. Compute the nearest value of the maximum ordinate of

3. the influence diagram for member BG. (Ans. -0.707)
11. Compute the nearest value of the maximum tensile force
of member BG. (Ans. 9.9 kN)
12. Compute the nearest value of the maximum compressive
force of member BG. (Ans. 25.46 kN)

III. Superposition method

Situation: A 5 m cantilever beam supports a vertical load 400

4.
kN, 3.75m from the fixed end. Assume EI = 75,000 kN-m2.

13. What is the vertical deflection under the load?

a.) 42.22 mm c.) 140.63 mm
b.) 93.75 mm d.) 222.22 mm

14. What is the maximum deflection of the beam?

a.) 42.22 mm c.) 140.63 mm
b.) 93.75 mm d.) 222.22 mm

5.
15. What upward force at free end is required to eliminate
the deflection at that point?
a.) 222 kN c.) 275 kN
b.) 253 kN d.) 300 kN

Situation: A 4-meter cantilever beam supports a uniform

load of 25 kN/m throughout its length. The beam deflects
16 mm at the free end.
 PRINCIPLES OF STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS & DESIGN
THEORY OF STRUCTURES
16. What force at the free end is required to eliminate the 25. Which of the following gives the deflection of the
deflection at that end? spring?
a.) 37.5 kN c.) 50.0 kN a.) 15.24 mm c.) 12.31 mm
b.) 42.5 kN d.) 62.5 kN b.) 9.24 mm d.) 21.45 mm

17. What force at the free end is required to reduce the 26. Which of the following gives the vertical reaction at the
deflection at that end by 10 mm? left end of the beam?
a.) 14.1 kN c.) 20.2 kN a.) 738.5 N c.) 624.7 N
b.) 17.3 kN d.) 23.4 kN b.) 796.2 N d.) 1012.2 N

Situation: A car hit a tubular steel post at point B, 1 m from IV. Moment Distribution Method
the top and 1.5 m from the bottom. The post is fixed to the
ground at A. Situation: A continuous beam is shown below.
Given: EI EI 2EI
3m 5m 4m
Force from the car, P = 175 kN
A B C D
Section of the Post = 300 mm by 300 mm
Thickness of the post = 12 mm 27. In span ABC, what is the distribution factor DAB?
Modulus of elasticity, E = 200 GPa a.) 0.375 c.) 0.750
b.) 0.625 d.) 0.250
18. What is the deflection (mm) at point B?
a.) 1.53 c.) 5.14 28. In span BCD, what is the distribution factor DBC?
b.) 14.58 d.) 4.68 a.) 0.714 c.) 0.556
b.) 0.286 d.) 0.444
19. What is the resulting deflection (mm) at point C?
a.) 23.8 c.) 28.6 29. In span BCD, what is the distribution factor DCD?
b.) 12.9 d.) 10.3 a.) 0.714 c.) 0.556
b.) 0.286 d.) 0.444
20. What is the resulting maximum bending stress (MPa)?
a.) 645 c.) 344 V. Pile Lifting (Board Problem)
b.) 206 d.) 387
Situation: A 300mm x 300mm x 18m long precast concrete
Situation: A 14-meter long simply supported beam carries a pile is to be lifted from the casting bed.
uniform load of 18.2 kN/m. To prevent excessive deflection,
a support is added at midspan. Calculate the following: 30. The pile is lifted horizontally at two points. At what equal
distance (m) from the ends should be the pile be held so that
21. What is the vertical reaction (kN) at the added support? the resulting bending stress is the least possible?
a.) 85 c.) 159 a.) 2.25 c.) 4.5
b.) 124 d.) 191 b.) 3.73 d.) 5.27

22. What is the resulting moment (kN-m) at the added 31. At what equal distance (m) from the ends should be the
support? pile be held so that the resulting shear stress is the least
a.) 112 c.) 446 possible?
b.) 223 d.) 56 a.)2.25 c.) 4.5
b.)3.73 d.) 5.27
23. What is the resulting maximum positive bending moment
(kN-m)? 32. If the pile is lifted only at one point, what distance from
a.) 28 c.) 51 that end should the end be held so that the resulting bending
b.) 46 d.) 63 stress is the least possible?
Situation: The propped beam 4 m length is supported at the a.)2.25 c.) 4.5
left end by a spring with stiffness equal to 60 kN/m and b.)3.73 d.) 5.27
carries a uniformly distributed load of 800 N/m. For the
beam E =10 GPa and I=80x106 mm4. 33. The pile is lifted horizontally at 2.4 m from each end.
Find the maximum moment (kN-m) due to its own weight. Unit
24. Which of the following gives the deflection at the left weight of concrete is 24 kN/m^3.
end when the spring is removed? a.) 23.50 c.) 65.30
a.) 49 mm c.) 25 mm b.) 40.82 d.) 80.91
b.) 32 mm d.) 63 mm