Southern Luzon State University

College of Teacher Education

Laboratory School
Lucban, Quezon

MODULE 2: KINEMATICS: MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

1. Convert a verbal description of a physical situation involving uniform

acceleration in one dimension into a mathematical description.
2. Recognize whether a physical situation involves constant velocity or constant
acceleration.
3. Solve for unknown quantities in equations involving one-dimensional
uniformly accelerated motion.
4. Use the fact that the magnitude of acceleration due to gravity on the
Earth’s
surface is nearly constant and approximately 9.8 m/s2 in free-fall problems.
5. Solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant
acceleration in contexts such as, but not limited to, the “tail-gating
phenomenon”, pursuit, rocket launch, and free-fall problems.

LESSON 2.1 KINEMATICS AND MOTION

KINEMATICS
 Describes motion in terms of displacement, velocity, and acceleration.

MOTION
 Is the displacement of an object in relation to the objects that are
considered stationary.
 It can also be defined as the continuous change of position with respect
to a certain reference point.
LESSON 2.2 DIFFERENCES OF PHYSICAL

QUANTITIES DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT

 Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to “how much ground an object

has covered” during its motion.
 Displacement is a vector quantity that refers to “how far out of place an
object is”; it is the object’s overall change in position.
∆d = d2 – d1

In dealing with displacement, you need to consider its direction which

represents the direction from the initial position to the final position. It is
important to consider that displacement does not depend on the path taken
by an object but only on its initial and final position.

Calculate the displacement of a car as it moves from position 1 towards

position
2, position 2 towards position 3, and position 3 towards position 2.
∆d = d2 – d1 = (-5) – (0) = -5

∆d = d3 – d2 = (5) – (-5) =
10

∆d = d2 – d3 = (5) – (-5) =
10

EXAMPLES
1. A car travels along a straight road 100 m east then 50 m west. Find
distance
and displacement of the car.
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
d = d1 + d2 ∆d = d1 + d2
d = 100 m + 50 m ∆d = 100 m + (-50 m)
d = 150 m ∆d = 50 m
2. A runner travels around rectangle track with length = 50 meters and width
=
20 meters. After travels around rectangle track two times, runner back to
starting point. If the runner started running toward east, what will be its distance
and displacement?
DISTANCE DISPLACEMENT
∆d = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + d7
d = d1 + d2 + d3 + d4 + d5 + d6 + d7 + d8
+ d8
=50m + 20m + 50m + 20m + 50m +
= (50m) + (-20m) + (-50m) + (20m) +
20m + 50m + 20m
(50m) + (-20m) + (-50m) + (20m)
d = 280 m
∆d = 0
SPEED VS VELOCITY

 Speed is a scalar quantity that refers to “how fast an object is moving”.

Speed can be thought of as the rate at which an object covers
distance.
s=d
t
 Where, d is for distance and t is for time.
 Velocity is a vector quantity that refers to “the rate at which an object
changes its position”.
∆d d2 − d1
v = ∆t = t2 − t1

1. Jeffrey walks 200 m from his house to school. Upon his arrival to the gate
of
the school, he just realized that he needs to get to a store which is halfway
from his house to buy a pen. What are his (a) average speed, and (b)
average velocity when he arrived at the store if the time it takes for the
entire trip is 3
minutes?
s=d ∆d d2 − d1
t v = ∆t = t2 − t1
100m − 200m
200 m+ 100 m v= = -33.33 m/s
s= 3 = 100 m/s 3s −0s

INSTANTANEOUS SPEED VS AVERAGE SPEED

INSTANTANEOUS SPEED AVERAGE SPEED

∆d d2 − d1
v = ∆t = t2 − t1
dave
d2 − d1 240 m − 0 v = tave
v= t2 − t1 = 60 secs − 0= 4 m/s
1200 m
d3 − d2 480 m − 240 m = 240 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠
v= t3 − t2 =120 secs − 60 secs = 4 m/s
v = 5 m/s
so on. . .
AVERAGE ACCELERATION

 Average acceleration is defined as the rate of change in velocity over

time.
∆v vf −vi
a = ∆t = tf −ti
 An object is accelerating if the change of its velocity is in an increasing
manner while an object is decelerating if the change of its velocity is in
a decreasing manner.
1. The car’s initial velocity is 3.0 m/s. After 120 s, the velocity has changed to
7.0
m/s. Calculate the average acceleration of an object during the given time
interval.
Given: Find: Solution:
vi = 3.0 m/s
𝑚 𝑚
vf = 7.0 m/s a=? 7.0 −3.0
vf −vi
t = 120 s a = tf −ti = 120 𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠−0𝑠
𝑚
4.0
=120 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠𝑠

a = 0.03 m/s2
2. The car’s initial velocity is 15.0 m/s. After 120 s, the velocity has changed
to
2.0 m/s. Calculate the average acceleration of an object during the given
time
interval.
Given: Find: Solution:
vi = 15.0 m/s
𝑚 𝑚
vf = 2.0 m/s a=? vf −vi 2.0 −15.0
t = 120 s a = tf −ti = 120 𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠−0 𝑠
𝑚
−13 .0
=120 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑠𝑠

a = -0.11 m/s2

LESSON 2.3 THE BIG FOUR

THE KINEMATICS EQUATIONS

1.)d = vit + 1 at2

2
2.)vf2 = vi2 + 2ad
3.)vf = vi + at
4.)d = vi+vf x t
2

PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY (HORIZONTAL MOTION)

Ben Rushin is waiting at a stoplight. When it finally turns green, Ben accelerated
from rest at a rate of a 6.00m/s2 for a time of 4.10 seconds. Determine the
displacement of Ben’s car during this period.
Given: Find: Solution:
vi = 0 m/s d = vit + 1 at2
2
a = 8.00 d=? 8.00m
1 ( 2 )(4.10 𝑠)
2

m/s t =
2 d = (0m/s) (4.10s) + s
2
4.10 s d = 67.24 m
An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s2 for 32.8 s until finally lifts
off
the ground. Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.
Given: Find: Solution:
a = 3.20 d = vit + 1 at2
2
m/s2 t = d=? 3.20m
1 ( 2 )(32.8 𝑠2)
32.8 secs vi d = (0m/s) (32.8s) + s
2
= 0 m/s d = 1721.34 m
A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds
for
110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.
Given: Find: Solution:
t = 5.21 secs d = vit + 1 at2
2
d = 110 m a=? 2
110 m = (0m/s) (5.21 s) + 1 𝑎 (5.21 𝑠)
vi = 0 m/s 2
110 m = a13.57 s2
2
110 𝑚 𝑎 13.57 𝑠
13.57 𝑠2 = 13.57 𝑠2
a= 8.11 m/s2
A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47
seconds.
Determine the acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.
Given: Find: Solution:
vi = 18.5 m/s
vf = 46.1 m/s a.) a = ? vf = vi +
t = 2.47 s b.) d = ? at vf - vi =
at
(46.1 m/s – 18.5 m/s) = a 2.47 secs
27.6 m/s = a 2.47 secs
𝑚
27.6
𝑎 2.47 𝑠
= 2.47 𝑠
2.47 𝑠
𝑠

a = 11.17 m/s2

vi+vf
dm = 2
m
xt
18.5 s + 46.1 s
= x 2.47 s
2
= (32.3 m/s) (2.47s)
d = 79.78 m

PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGY (VERTICAL MOTION)

Upton Chuck is riding the Giant Drop at Great America. If Upton free falls
for
2.60 seconds, what will be his final velocity and how far will he fall?
Given: Find: Solution:
vi = 0 vf = vi + at
t = 2.60 secs a.) vf = ? vf = (0m/s) + (9.8 m/s2) (2.60 s)
a = 9.8 m/s2 b.) d = ? vf = 25.48 m/s
 vi+vf
d=
m
2
m
xt
0 s +25.48 s
= x 2.60 s
2
= (25.48 m/s) (2.60s)
d = 66.25 m
A kangaroo can jump to a height of 2.62 m. Determine the takeoff speed of
the
kangaroo.
Given: Find: Solution:
vf = 0 m/s
d = 2.62 m vi = ? vf2 = vi2 + 2ad
a = 9.8 m/s2 vf2 - vi2 = 2ad
0 - vi = 2 (9.8 m/s2) (2.62 m)
2

√-vi2 = √51.35 m2/ s2

-vi2 = 7.17 m/s