Data Collection &

Sampling Techniques
 Learning Objectives :

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. identify the different types of data, methods of data
collection and sampling techniques;
2. explain the difference of the four basic sampling
techniques;
3. acknowledge the existence of sampling error; and
4. explain the difference between an observational and an
experimental study.

CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 2
 Review:
Determine whether descriptive or inferential statistics
were used:
1. The average income of lottery outlet is Php700,000 per week.
2. Scientists at the University of Oxford in England found that a
good laugh significantly raises a person’s pain level tolerance.
3. Based on a survey conducted by Inquirer.net last 2021, the
average amount that consumers spent on Valentine’s day was
Php1,421.

CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 3
 Review:

Which level of measurement would be used to

measure each variable?
1. The ages pf patients in a local hospital.
2. The ratings of movies released this month.
3. Colors of athletic shirts sold by Dyalibi Enterprises.
4. Temperatures of hot showers in the hotels in Naga
City.

CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 4
 Recall . . .

STATISTICS
- definedas the science of collecting, organizing, presenting,
analyzing and interpreting numerical data to efficiently
help the process of making decisions.

Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement 7

CORE119
CORE118 || Data
TopicCollection and Sampling Techniques
https://byjus.com/maths/types-of-data-in-statistics/
8
 Methods of Data Collection

Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement 9

CORE119
CORE118 || Data
TopicCollection and Sampling Techniques
 Methods of Data Collection

There are many methods used to collect or

obtain data for statistical analysis.
Three of the most popular methods are:
§ Direct Observation
§ Experiments, and
§ Surveys.

Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement 10

CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Surveys . . .

The Response Rate (i.e. the proportion of all people

selected who complete the survey) is a key survey
parameter.
Surveys may be administered in a variety of ways,
e.g.
• Personal Interview,
• Telephone Interview, and
• Self-Administered Questionnaire.
Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement 11
CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Recall . . .
Population & Sample

Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement 12

CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
Sampling Methods

13
 Population & Sample

Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement 14

CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Types of Sampling Methods:

Types of Sampling Methods

Probability Sampling Non-Probability Sampling

- it involves random selection, - it involves non-random selection
allowing you to make statistical based on convenience or other
inferences about the whole criteria allowing you to easily
group. collect initial data.

Introducing
CORE119 | Data Statistics
Collection and Scales
and Sampling of Measurement
Techniques 15
Probability Sampling

16
 Simple Random Sampling

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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Simple Random Sampling
- simplest form of probability sampling where
the commonly used method is the lottery
method.
- ideal for a small number of population
- a fair method of selecting the respondent
because each member has an equal chance of
being included in the sample.
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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Systematic Sampling

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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Systematic Sampling
- also known as interval sampling, a method
that considers interval in selecting a sample
from the population.
- The interval size (𝑘) is determined by the
formula:
𝑁
𝑘=
𝑛
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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Stratified
Sampling

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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Stratified Sampling

- a method that divides the population into

different homogeneous subgroups called strata.
- Two types:
i. Simple Stratified Sampling
ii. Proportional Stratified Sampling

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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Stratified Sampling
It is used when the
The sample population is
- a method that divides
size is the divided
population into
into strata
different homogeneous subgroups called strata.
with common
proportional to characteristic/s and
- Two types:
the number of
i. Simple Stratified Sampling if we decide to get
members
ii. Proportional in the
Stratified an equal number of
Sampling
stratum. samples from each
stratum.
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CORE119 | Data
Introducing
Collection
Statistics
and Sampling
and Scales
Techniques
of Measurement
 Example 1:

One thousand students in a certain Junior High School use

simple stratified sampling method to get a sample size of 200.

Enrollees Sample Size

Grade Level
(N=1000) (n=200)
Grade 7 350 50
Grade 8 250 50
Grade 9 225 50
Grade 10 175 50
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CORE119 | Data
Introducing
Collection
Statistics
and Sampling
and Scales
Techniques
of Measurement
 Example 2:

One thousand students in a certain Junior High School use

proportional stratified sampling method to get a sample size of 200.
Grade level Enrollees Proportion Sample size
(N=1000) (n=200)
Grade 7 350 35% 70
Grade 8 250 25% 50
Grade 9 225 22.5% 45
Grade 10 175 17.5% 35
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CORE119 | Data
Introducing
Collection
Statistics
and Sampling
and Scales
Techniques
of Measurement
 Cluster Sampling

26
CORE119 | Data
Introducing
Collection
Statistics
and Sampling
and Scales
Techniques
of Measurement
 Cluster Sampling

- also called area sampling, because it is usually

used on a geographical basis.
- it requires complete list of clusters that represent
the sampling frame.

27
CORE119 | Data
Introducing
Collection
Statistics
and Sampling
and Scales
Techniques
of Measurement
Non-Probability Sampling

28
 Convenience Sampling

29
CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Convenience Sampling

- a method adopted by researchers where they

collect market research data from a conveniently
available pool of respondents.
- it is the most commonly used sampling technique
as it’s incredibly prompt, uncomplicated, and
economical.

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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Voluntary Sampling

31
CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Voluntary Sampling

- A voluntary sample is made up of people

who self-select into the survey. Often, these
folks have a strong interest in the main topic
of the survey.

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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Purposive Sampling

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CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Snowball
Sampling

34
CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Snowball Sampling

- Snowball sampling or chain-referral

sampling is defined as a non-probability
sampling technique in which the samples have
traits that are rare to find.

35
CORE119 | Data Collection and Sampling Techniques
 Example 1-5

State which sampling method was used.

1. Out of 10 hospitals in a municipality, a

researcher selects one and collects records
for a 24-hour period on the types of
emergencies that were treated there.

CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 36
 State which sampling method was used.

2. A researcher divides a group of students

according to gender, major field, and low,
average, and high grade point average. Then
she randomly selects six students from each
group to answer questions in a survey.
CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 37
 State which sampling method was used.

3. The subscribers to a magazine are

numbered. Then a sample of these people is
selected using random numbers.

CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 38
 State which sampling method was used.

4. Every 10th bottle of Super-Duper Cola is

selected, and the amount of liquid in the bottle
is measured. The purpose is to see if the
machines that fill the bottles are working
properly.
CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 39
 Experimental Design
There are several different ways to classify
statistical studies. The two types of studies
are observational and experimental
studies.
CORE118
CORE119 | Introducing
Topic Statistics and Scales of Measurement 40
 Observational Study

- In an observational study, the researcher

merely observes what is happening or what
has happened in the past and tries to draw
conclusions based on these observations.

41
CORE119 | Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement
 Experimental Study

- In an experimental study, the researcher

manipulates one of the variables and triesto
determine how the manipulation influences
other variables.

42
CORE119 | Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement
 Steps in Designing
Experimental Design

1. Identify your objective

ü identify the exact question to be
answered
ü clearly identify the relevant population

43
CORE119 | Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement
 Steps in Designing
Experimental Design
2. Collect sample data
ü sample data must be representative of the
population
ü sample must be large enough so that the
effects of the treatment can be known
ü questions should be addressed without
interference from extraneous factors.
44
CORE119 | Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement
 Steps in Designing
Experimental Design

3. Use a random procedure that avoid bias

4. Analyze the data and form conclusions

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CORE119 | Introducing Statistics and Scales of Measurement
Thanks!
Any questions ?

46
 Learning Objectives :

At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:

1. identify the different methods of data
collection;
2. identify the different sampling techniques and;

CORE119
CORE119 || Topic
Data Collection and Sampling Techniques 47