Siga essage WeofSing alia aeid toUsed

p the in sert pie

alo is Signal analog this
porerts hegty te
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 A Sampler he Sanple
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Thhs is techns, messoge sanal y So
nstaneous valuos of
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of xoocing the
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the data which
compyess the Valve
Qugntiger iip & it also
to
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 Tefonturtign ier aot back

ng the (oinuos amg

mì
the procesg of tronto Snplog taken
diceyeko akolike
Sarpe s Trto a Sudh rocas
posibie jevelg-
tsot a nite tof
is cased asas Quartiyafon.

In thic type the

onamly spaced is tovmoó al
qutiyion Jevels ae Unismy

-There ave koo

) 0ide íse type A) Mid thred bpe

in the iddea
o t h e idAle f a thre
Satlng part of skais -(aJe,
gtapE.In this anph h this the
the guantiyation Jevels
pe even um ber
 of q,uayyaton, in chidh the
Tthe ge
yott on' Los ave, Unegua
2 Tmostly the
quntb
is Jogriimic , is teime d ao
NAakion bl wthem
Mon uni form quarti,cdion.
Gmtigaton
for ny ssem , Auáing its bnetoning , thete s
alays a dithes ence nthe valyes t's
olp The processing tho Systom yesolks in an

-the diftetence blu a ilp R qjuanied Nalle

1s called a qUan kigafio o evsor- An Apc üork?

qoavtiger.oit

Guanttion oise
Tt is a ype of qntyatíon eu0Y
Gualy octors 1h onalag qudio Sign
Signdl, whi le
quantigin g it to digital
etoa
ioise, ist
oopondng16) +
ung
parig
he Summing
block.
4he The
Sompled
rom
of
is
e a nput
technique
oottn. is
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crts
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tal
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and
 424 t5
atug Coninuo t,A ac
Sn
Mathematenly is
ths
educed

Aahoed op
LoCt+)
Sonca of
opponalely
tlp Cornpeses
b
nCH levels
AIlxD nats
Ondimeoa
Chooclestic
o41xl2
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1 Smaler
 Nonalizeclofp Tiececo'se

A-1
JA-8o6 1+lncA )
1+Jn4)
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Re ictoy
X(n) is a Sumpled ilp
’CnT) is a piearcted Sampe
differenee of. Sampiod te t
’e(ntg ) is the
t called ay pedictoni enor
peditted op ofton

predicted itp ahich is actls the

’ AnT) is
Somoney ole of predic tor 01p 4 he 9uanti ger op.
qntiger olp
 pre&ictor ip is

The Same predictor ckt is Used in deccdey to

A Dp(M
tReceiveY

DecodeY
blnt)

Preic tor
5the not dtaion o the Signa is the Same o re
evous ones. In the absence ofnoise the
ill be
onco dod Secetvar tlp ill the Sam a the
1ercodey tiansmiter olp.

5 The lp qiden to the deco der is OccoAcod

fs Sommed U0 ith the o
of the pretictox to obtaín a bote 0fp

AOPCm is a tyge
kyee of Decm. Pm Yeguireg
feuer levels fs the quantiyaton procass ay
(ompaved to the e prece ss
 to bath the
Sdeinmati)
dagiom

ie dí cto LRedictoy

Quartiy A0PCn at both tho

Aqantiger is pesont o

'scvete Sqnabag att So me, edon dant

te o
bit (omovear the data

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devico
An encier s a
pole Tt is also
Used edociy
Bd.
tho tan Sn iss in
aoiks ad a se apntiyer.
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a gunfiyed opeste sihnad ony
thece Semre bnarg digt
 (o0sornp tion

vlakon bu tho xe ceivos Shoct

3The strg Siyp
tdih the strg stp vorlaton b tansmitfer

34Osod in (omputer Skorag e

fetoghon appiraiong d
*Deka modutotion CDm)
ation,the Sampling ote iy
fmodol
Tn his type
Veg h+gh the tansmissiorn
proress mainly oted in
Dm is a hee analog
nfomation Tt is a technique
of voice convesion e
to ahabg Signa
to daite & diqikol
Deta modolotion is an eay ay sf

pue ode modolodion).

DfCon (piffeential
*Block Aiacsvn
e[n6)=vnt

Sampled Quanti yer

Oelou
Accomuadtuy
* toave bin) of Dm
plikude
am at)

NPogpeliiny
Binary Seguenoe.

-Design is Casy sinple.

’ fMadilotoY 2 demodulatur (an be designed easily.

tDisaduan
hen the Value of delta is Small , Slbpe oveYload

when the value t delto is lavge ranulay, noise

is een, hich is a tpe oP nsi se

o
essagf. 2hriteSampr
Triuck Sighal
Srhegatux dlp

’tisPopulay methoà used Signel

in diitl communi cation
intsoduce to Solve tho
qYamolar noi se slope vet leqd eoY (aostd
dolng D07.
-5This method is gimilar to D: m orceot the
Aeo -si3e is Niabie attoding to the iip.
Sian at in Aom

5The bak diaqrom consist of Sumner , Simiy

Saopror ) Lirtenctox v C A . i
the 8 cKt pesen+ in the hangity s
ibteadox ohich genevate he stair case
appsox irnation f the prvios Sample

SkaiY (as e veforn

ith vari de stop- Sje
 1S
arnpier
-do pefrom the míoprone
srming

"Here hrs+ the difesen ce bl s tho present

Qppor)moion is (alcolated
Sampled aloe R poVl OUs
based
’The olp is deside d based on the quavY
4:50

Category ADPCM DPCM

Full Form It stands It stands

for Adaptive for
Differential Differential
Pulse Code Pulse Code
Modulation. Modulation.

Bandwidth ADPCM has DPCM has

compression higher lower
bandwidth bandwidth
compression compression
ability than ability.
DPCM.

Power Less Higher than

consumption ADPCM

Value Stored Difference Multi-bit

value difference
value

Best suited Long High quality

for distance output and
transmission signal
and digital compression
data storaae
 Effects of Noise on PCM
Two main effects produce the noise or distortion in the PCM output:
Quantizing noise that is caused by the M-step quantizer at the PCM transmitter.
Bit errors in the recovered PCM signal, caused by channel noise and improper filtering.
" If the input analog signal is band limited and sampled fast enough so that the
aliasing noiseon the recovered signal is negligible, the ratio of the recovered analog
peak signalpower to the total average noise power is:
3M
1+4(M² -1)P,
" The ratio of the average signalpowerto the average noise power is
M²
1+4(M-1)P.
- Mis the number of quantized levels used in the PCM system.
- P, is the probability of bit eror in the recovered binary PCM signal at the receiver DAC
before it is converted back into an analog signal.

Eeng 360 3