1

1 The Group I metals react with cold water.

Transition elements do not react with cold water.

(a) Describe two other differences in the chemical properties between Group I metals and
transition elements.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) Describe the observations when potassium is added to cold water.

Write a balanced equation for the reaction. Include state symbols.

observations .....................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

equation ............................................................................................................................ [5]

[Total: 7]

2 Give the electronic structure of a fluorine atom.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

3 The table shows the properties of some Group I elements.

density melting point relative

element 3
in g / cm in °C hardness

sodium 0.97 98 4.9

potassium 0.86 63 2.6

rubidium 1.53 1.6

caesium 29 1.0

(a) Describe the trend in the relative hardness of the Group I elements.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Predict the melting point of rubidium.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 2

(c) Explain why it is difficult to predict the density of caesium.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

4 The table shows the properties of some Group I elements.

density melting point relative

element
in g / cm3 in °C hardness

sodium 0.97 98 4.9

potassium 0.86 63 2.6

rubidium 1.53 1.6

caesium 29 1.0

When potassium reacts with water, it floats and melts into a ball. A flame is observed.

(a) What colour does potassium give to the flame?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Use the information in the table to suggest why potassium floats on water.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Hydrogen is produced when potassium reacts with water.

Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement in a molecule of

hydrogen.

H H

[1]

[Total: 3]

5 Chromium is a transition element. Sodium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe two ways in which the properties of chromium are different from those of sodium.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]
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[Total: 2]

6 Copper is a transition element. It can have variable oxidation states.

State two other chemical properties of transition elements which make them different from
Group I elements.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ............................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

7 The diagram shows part of the Periodic Table.

I II III IV V VI VII VIII

H
N O F Ne
Mg Al Cl
K Ca Cr Fe Cu Zn Br
I

Answer the following questions using only the symbols of the elements in the diagram.
Each symbol may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State the symbol of the element that:

(a) is a monoatomic gas at room temperature

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) is a liquid at room temperature

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
2−
(c) forms a stable ion of type X

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) is extracted from hematite

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) forms an ion whose aqueous solution gives a grey-green precipitate on addition of aqueous
ammonia.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 5]
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8 The table shows some properties of four halogens.

density of liquid
melting point boiling point
element at melting point
in °C in °C 3
in g / cm

fluorine −220 −188

chlorine −101 1.56

bromine −7 59 3.12

iodine 114 184 4.93

(a) Complete the table by predicting:

• the boiling point of chlorine

• the density of fluorine at its melting point.

[2]

(b) Describe the trend in the melting points of the halogens down the group.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Deduce the physical state of iodine at 130 °C.

Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 5]

9 When potassium is added to water a chemical reaction occurs.

State two observations that can be made when potassium is added to water.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

10 Predict one difference in the appearance of aqueous solutions of nickel compounds compared to
aqueous solutions of sodium compounds.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]
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11 Reactions occur when some aqueous solutions of halogens are added to aqueous solutions of
halides.

Use the key to complete the table to show the results of adding halogens to halides.

key
✓ = reaction
✗ = no reaction

halides

KCl(aq) KBr(aq) KI(aq)

Cl2(aq) ✓
halogens

Br2(aq)

I2(aq)

[2]

[Total: 2]

12 The halogens are the elements in Group VII of the Periodic Table.

Predict the physical state and colour of astatine at room temperature and pressure.

physical state ...........................................................................................................................

colour ....................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 2]

13 This question is about iodine and compounds of iodine.

(a) Complete the word equation to show the halogen and halide compound which react to form
the products iodine and potassium bromide.

potassium
................................... + ................................... → iodine +
bromide
...................................

[2]
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(b) Explain, in terms of the reactivity of the halogens, why aqueous iodine does not react with
aqueous potassium chloride.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

14 (a) Complete the word equation to show the halogen and halide compound which react to form
the products iodine and sodium chloride.

sodium
................................... ................................... iodine
chloride
...................................

[2]

14 (b) Explain, in terms of the reactivity of the halogens, why aqueous bromine will not react with
aqueous sodium chloride.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

15 Period 3 of the Periodic Table is shown.

sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon

Answer the following questions using only these elements.

Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

State which element:

(a) is a gas at room temperature and pressure

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) forms a basic oxide with a formula of the form X2O

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) is made of atoms which have a full outer shell of electrons

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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(d) forms an oxide which causes acid rain

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) is extracted from bauxite

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) forms an oxide which has a macromolecular structure

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) consists of diatomic molecules.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

16 This question is about transition elements.

(a) Transition elements are harder and stronger than Group I elements.

Describe two other differences in physical properties between transition elements and
Group I elements.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(b) State one physical property of transition elements that is similar to Group I elements.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State two chemical properties of transition elements.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 5]

17 When aqueous potassium iodide reacts with aqueous chlorine, the solution turns brown.

Name the brown substance that forms. Using ideas about the reactivity of the halogens, suggest
why the brown substance forms.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

18 When sodium reacts with water, an alkaline solution is formed.

 8

2Na + 2H2O → 2NaOH + H2

(a) Use the information in the equation to explain why the solution formed is alkaline.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe how you could use a named indicator solution to show that the solution is alkaline.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 3]

19 When chlorine is bubbled through a colourless aqueous solution of sodium bromide, the solution
turns orange-brown.

Name the orange-brown substance. Suggest, using ideas about reactivity of the halogens, why the
reaction occurs.

orange-brown substance .........................................................................................................

why the reaction occurs ...........................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

20 The properties of some Group I elements are shown in the table.

melting point relative observations when it

element
/ °C hardness reacts with cold water

lithium 181 23

rapid bubbling but does

sodium 98 3
not burst into flame

very rapid bubbling and

potassium 63
bursts into flame

bursts into flame and

rubidium 1
explodes

(a) Complete the table to estimate:

• the relative hardness of potassium

• the melting point of rubidium. [2]

(b) Use the information in the table to predict what you would observe when lithium reacts with
cold water.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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[Total: 3]

21 The table gives some information about four different particles, A, B, C and D.

number of number of number of electronic charge

particle
electrons neutrons protons structure on particle

A 11 12 11 2,8,1 0

B 14 11 2,8,1 0

C 18 20 2,8,8 0

D 18 20 17

(a) Complete the table. The first row has been done for you. [4]

(b) Give two particles from the table which are isotopes of each other.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Element Z is in the same group of the Periodic Table as A and is less reactive than A.

State the identity of element Z.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) C is unreactive.

Use information from the table to explain why.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 7]

22 Aqueous potassium bromide reacts with aqueous chlorine.

Using ideas about the reactivity of the halogens, explain why aqueous potassium bromide does
not react with aqueous iodine.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

23 This question is about Group I elements and their compounds.

The properties of some Group I elements are shown in the table.

boiling point atomic radius relative thermal observations when it

element
/ °C / pm conductivity reacts with cold water
 10

rapid bubbling but does

sodium 883 186 3.9
not burst into flame

very rapid bubbling and

potassium 759 227
bursts into flame

rubidium 688 1.6

caesium 671 265 1.0 explodes

(a) Complete the table to estimate

• the relative thermal conductivity of potassium

• the atomic radius of rubidium

[2]

(b) Describe the trend in the boiling points of the Group I elements.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Use the information in the table to predict what you would observe when rubidium reacts with
cold water.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 4]

24 When chlorine is bubbled through a colourless aqueous solution of zinc iodide, the solution turns
brown.

Name the brown substance.

Suggest, using ideas about the reactivity of the halogens, why this reaction occurs.

..................................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................................. [2]

[Total: 2]

25 Manganese is a transition element. Sodium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe three ways in which the properties of manganese differ from those of sodium.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................

3 ........................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]
 11

26 Iron is a transition element. Potassium is an element in Group I of the Periodic Table.

Describe three ways in which the properties of iron differ from those of potassium.

1 ...............................................................................................................................................

2 ...............................................................................................................................................

3 ............................................................................................................................................... [3]

[Total: 3]

27 Lead is extracted from an ore which contains lead(II) sulfide.

The ore is first heated in air.

The lead(II) oxide produced is then reduced with carbon.

PbO + C → Pb + CO

(a) How does this equation show that the lead(II) oxide is reduced?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Lead is a metal in Group IV.

Iron is a transition element.

Give two physical properties that are typical of transition elements.

1 ........................................................................................................................................

2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]

[Total: 3]

28 The properties and relative reactivity with water of some Group I elements are shown in the table.

3 relative reactivity with

element density in g / cm boiling point in °C
water

forms bubbles rapidly but

sodium 883 does not burst into
flames

forms bubbles very

potassium 0.86 760 rapidly and bursts into
flames

rubidium 1.53
 12

caesium 1.88 669 reacts explosively

(a) Complete the table

• to predict the boiling point of rubidium,

• for the relative reactivity of rubidium with water.
[2]

(b) Describe the general trend in the density of the Group I elements.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]

29 Nickel is a transition element.

Potassium is a Group I element.

Describe one difference in the properties of nickel(II) chloride and potassium chloride.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

30 This question is about Group I elements.

The properties of some Group I elements are shown in the table.

melting point boiling point relative thermal atomic

element
in °C in °C conductivity radius / pm

lithium ............... 1342 84 152

sodium 97 883 142 186

potassium 63 760 102 ...............

rubidium 39 686 58 248

(a) Complete the table to estimate:

• the melting point of lithium [2]

• the atomic radius of potassium. [2]

(b) Describe the trend in the boiling points of the Group I elements down the group.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
 13

(c) Caesium is below rubidium in Group I.

Use the information in the table to suggest why it is difficult to predict the thermal conductivity
of caesium.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Predict the physical state of rubidium at 45 °C

Give a reason for your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [2]

[Total: 6]

31 The Periodic Table is a method of classifying elements.

Identify the element which is in Group VI and Period 4.

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total: 1]

32 This question is about bromine and compounds of bromine.

(a) Complete the word equation to show the halogen and halide compound which react to form
the products bromine and potassium chloride.

................................ → potassium
+ bromine +
................................ chloride
................................

[2]

(b) Explain, in terms of the reactivity of the halogens, why aqueous bromine will not react with
aqueous potassium chloride.

...........................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 3]