1

1 Compound X has the following composition by mass.

H, 3.66%; P, 37.80%; O, 58.54%

Calculate the empirical formula of compound X.

empirical formula = ........................... [2]

[Total: 2]

2 Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous potassium hydroxide are used to make aqueous potassium sulfate.

H2SO4 + 2KOH → K2SO4 + 2H2O

The method includes use of the following apparatus.

dilute sulfuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of aqueous

potassium hydroxide

3
Calculate the volume of 0.0625 mol / dm dilute sulfuric acid, H2SO4, that completely reacts with
3 3
25.0 cm of 0.100 mol / dm potassium hydroxide, KOH, to produce aqueous potassium sulfate.

Use the following steps.

 2

3 3
(a) Calculate the number of moles of KOH in 25.0 cm of 0.100 mol / dm KOH.

= ................................mol [1]

(b) Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that react with KOH.

= ................................mol [1]

(c) Calculate the volume of H2SO4 required.

3
volume = .................................cm [1]

(d) The experiment is repeated using the same volume and concentration of potassium hydroxide
and the same concentration of dilute sulfuric acid. In this second experiment, the product is
aqueous potassium hydrogensulfate, KHSO4.

H2SO4 + KOH → KHSO4 + H2O

Use your answer to (c) and the equation to deduce the volume of H2SO4 required.

3
volume = .................................cm [1]

[Total: 4]

3 Sodium reacts vigorously with water to form aqueous sodium hydroxide, NaOH, which is a strong
base.
 3

The equation for the reaction is shown.

2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)

3
Calculate the concentration of NaOH(aq) formed, in g / dm , when 0.345 g of sodium is added to
3
50.0 cm of distilled water. Assume there is no change in volume.

Use the following steps.

(a) Calculate the number of moles of Na added.

= ............................... mol [1]

(b) Determine the number of moles of NaOH formed.

= ............................... mol [1]

3
(c) Calculate the concentration of NaOH in mol / dm .

3
concentration of NaOH = .......................... mol / dm [1]
3
(d) Determine the Mr of NaOH and calculate the concentration of NaOH in g / dm .

3
concentration of NaOH = .............................. g / dm [2]

[Total: 5]

4 Ester Y has the structure shown.

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O H

H C O C H

(a) Name ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Deduce the empirical formula of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 2]

5 Compound Y has the empirical formula H3PO4 and a relative molecular mass of 98.

Deduce the molecular formula of compound Y.

molecular formula = .......................... [1]

[Total: 1]

6 Ester Y has the following composition by mass:

C, 58.82%; H, 9.80%; O, 31.37%.

Calculate the empirical formula of ester Y.

empirical formula = ........................... [3]

[Total: 3]
23
7 The constant 6.02 × 10 has a name.

What is the name of this constant?

.................................................................................................................................................. [1]
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[Total: 1]

8 A student wanted to find the concentration of some dilute sulfuric acid by titration. The student
3 3 3
found that 25.0 cm of 0.0400 mol / dm NaOH(aq) reacted exactly with 20.0 cm of H2SO4(aq).

(a) Name a suitable indicator to use in this titration.

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
3
(b) Calculate the concentration of the H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm using the following steps.
3
• Calculate the number of moles of NaOH in 25.0 cm .

moles = ..................................
3
• Deduce the number of moles of H2SO4 that reacted with the 25.0 cm of NaOH(aq).

moles = ..................................
3
• Calculate the concentration of H2SO4(aq) in mol / dm .

3
concentration = ........................... mol / dm [3]
3 3
(c) Calculate the concentration of the 0.0400 mol / dm NaOH(aq) in g / dm .

3
concentration = ............................... g / dm [2]

[Total: 6]
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9 PCl5 reacts with lithium fluoride, LiF, to form LiPF6.

PCl5 + 6LiF → LiPF6 + 5LiCl

Calculate the mass of LiF needed to form 3.04 g of LiPF6 using the following steps.

• Calculate the number of moles of LiPF6 formed.

[Mr: LiPF6, 152]

number of moles = ..........................................

• Deduce the number of moles of LiF needed.

number of moles = ..........................................

• Calculate the mass of LiF needed.

mass = .................................. g [3]

[Total: 3]
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10 Dilute sulfuric acid and aqueous sodium hydroxide are used to make aqueous sodium sulfate,
Na2SO4(aq), or aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate, NaHSO4(aq). The method includes use of the
following apparatus.

dilute sulfuric acid

conical flask

25.0 cm3 of aqueous

sodium hydroxide

3 3
25.0 cm of aqueous sodium hydroxide of concentration 0.100 mol / dm was neutralised by
3 3
25.0 cm of dilute sulfuric acid of concentration 0.0500 mol / dm .
The equation for the reaction is shown. This is reaction 1.

2NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → Na2SO4(aq) + 2H2O(l) reaction 1

The same technique and the same solutions are used to make aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfate.
The equation for the reaction is shown. This is reaction 2.

NaOH(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → NaHSO4(aq) + H2O(l) reaction 2

3
Complete the table to calculate the volume of dilute sulfuric acid that reacts with 25.0 cm of
aqueous sodium hydroxide in reaction 2.

3 3
volume of 0.0500 mol / dm volume of 0.100 mol / dm
3 3
dilute sulfuric acid in cm aqueous sodium hydroxide in cm

reaction 1 25.0 25.0

reaction 2 25.0

[1]

[Total: 1]
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11 Dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl(aq), reacts with aqueous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3(aq).

The chemical equation for the reaction is shown.

2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O

3
In an experiment, the volume of carbon dioxide, CO2, produced was 48.0 cm , measured at room
temperature and pressure.

How many moles of CO2 is this?

........................... mol [1]

[Total: 1]
3 3
12 In a titration, a student added 25.0 cm of 0.200 mol / dm aqueous sodium hydroxide to a conical
flask. The student then added a few drops of methyl orange to the solution in the conical flask.
Dilute sulfuric acid was then added from a burette to the conical flask. The volume of dilute
3
sulfuric acid needed to neutralise the aqueous sodium hydroxide was 20.0 cm .

2NaOH + H2SO4 → Na2SO4 + 2H2O

(a) What was the colour of the methyl orange in the aqueous sodium hydroxide?

........................................................................................................................................... [1]
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3
(b) Determine the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm .

Calculate the number of moles of aqueous sodium hydroxide added to the conical
flask.

........................... mol

Calculate the number of moles of dilute sulfuric acid added from the
burette.

........................... mol
3
Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in mol / dm .

3
........................... mol / dm
3
Calculate the concentration of the dilute sulfuric acid in g / dm .

3
........................... g / dm [4]

[Total: 5]
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13 Iron(II) sulfate decomposes when heated strongly.

2FeSO4(s) → Fe2O3(s) + SO2(g) + SO3(g)

15.20 g of FeSO4(s) was heated and formed 4.80 g of Fe2O3(s).

[Mr, FeSO4 = 152; Mr, Fe2O3 = 160]

Calculate the percentage yield for this reaction.

........................... % [3]

[Total: 3]

14 The Avogadro constant is the number of particles in 1 mole.

23
The numerical value of the Avogadro constant is 6.02 x 10 .

(a) Calculate the number of molecules in 22.0 g of carbon dioxide, CO2.

.......................................molecules [2]
3
(b) Calculate the number of molecules in 6.00 dm of carbon dioxide gas at room temperature
and pressure.

.......................................molecules [1]

[Total: 3]