TNPSC èí‚°

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TE
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TN

Number System
â‡Eò™
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 TNPSC èí‚°

Number System / â‡Eò™

⇠õ¬èèœ (Classifications of Numbers) :-
• Þò™ â‡èœ (Natural Numbers) N
N = {1, 2, 3 .... }

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º¿ â‡èœ (Whole Numbers) W

A
•
W = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ..... }

RI
• º¿‚èœ (Integers) Z
Z = {....... -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ...... }

Þƒ°.
TE
I¬è º¿‚èœ (Positive Integers)  {1, 2, 3, ......}
°¬ø º¿‚èœ (Positive Integers)  {-1, -2, -3, ......}
èõQ‚è
A
NCECZ
M

Number System → 3 types

1. Prime Numbers - ðè£ â‡èœ
C

2. Composite numbers - ð° â‡èœ

3. Neither Prime nor composite - ð° ⇵‹ Þ™¬ô ðè£
PS

⇵‹ Þ™¬ô

1. Prime Number - ðè£ â‡èœ.

• Prime Numbers = two factors only.
TN

• A number which has only two factors.

• Exactly divisible by 1 and itself
• 2 is the smallest prime number
• 2 is the only even prime number
2. → 1, 2 → prime
3. → 1, 3 → Prime
5. → 1, 5 → Prime
7. → 1, 7 → prime
E.g
2, 3, 5, 7 .....
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Sums :
1. 1 ºî™ 100 õ¬ó âˆî¬ù ðè£ â‡èœ àœ÷ù?
How many prime numbers from 1 to 100 ?
25 prime numbers
1 to 10 → 2, 3, 5, 7
10 to 20 → 11, 13, 17, 19

L
20 to 30 → 23, 29
30 to 40 → 31, 37

A
40 to 50 → 41, 43, 47
50 to 60 → 53, 59

RI
60 to 70 → 61, 67
70 to 80 → 71, 73, 79
80 to 90 → 83, 89 TE
90 to 100 → 97

2. 30&60 õ¬ó âˆî¬ù ðè£ â‡èœ àœ÷ù ?

How many prime numbers from 30 to 60 ?
A
31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59
Total 7 prime numbers.
M

3. ºî™ 5 ðè£ â‡èO¡ êó£êK 裇è.

Find the average of first 5 prime numbers ?
C

2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 28
Average = =
5 5
PS

Average 5.6

4. ºî™ 5 埬øŠð¬ì ðè£ â‡èO¡ êó£êK 裇è.

TN

Find the average of first 5 odd prime numbers ?

3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + 13 39
Average = =
5 5
Average 7.8

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Composite Numbers (ð° â‡èœ)

(More than 2 factors.)
E.g. 4, 6, 8, 9
4 → factors → 1, 2, 4
6 → 1, 2, 3, 6

L
8 → 1, 2, 4, 8
9 → 1, 3, 9

A
ð° â‡èœ → Þó‡´‚° «ñŸð†ì õ°ˆFè¬÷
ªè£‡®¼‚°‹.

RI
5. 1& 100 õ¬ó»œ÷ ð° â‡èœ âˆî¬ù ?
How many composite numbers from 1 to 100 ?
TE
25 → Prime Numbers + 1 → Neither Prime nor composite = 26
100 - 26 = 74.
1 - 100 → composite numbers = 74.
A
6. ºî™ 5 ð° â‡èO¡ êó£êK
Find first 5 composite numbers average ?
M

4 + 6 + 8 + 9 + 10 37
Average = =
5 5
C

Average 7.4
PS

7. Neither prime not composite

ð° ⇵‹ Þ™¬ô, ð裾‹ Þ™¬ô
=1
TN

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MAîºÁ â‡èœ
(Rational Numbers)
Q ñŸÁ‹ MAîºø£ â‡èœ
(Irrational Numbers)
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 TNPSC èí‚°

MAîºÁ â‡èœ (Rational Numbers) Q ñŸÁ‹

MAîºø£ â‡èœ (Irrational Numbers)
MAîºÁ â‡èœ (Rational Numbers) Q :-

L
p
p ñŸÁ‹ q º¿‚èœ, «ñ½‹ q ≠ 0 âQ™, â¡ø õ®M™
ܬñ»‹ ⇠MAîºÁ ⇠âùŠð´‹. q

A
3 7 −4 7

RI
â.è£. : 3 = , , ,
1 4 3 8
p
A number of the form , where p and q are both integers and q
TE q
≠ 0 is called a rational numbers.

3 7 −4 7
Ex. : 3 = , , ,
1 4 3 8
A
• å¼ ºAîºÁ ⇠I¬è, °¬ø Ü™ô¶ Ì„Còñ£è
Þ¼‚èô£‹
M

A rational number may be positive, negative or zero.

NCWCZZQ
C
PS

• ªè£´‚èŠð†ì Þó‡´ MAîºÁ â‡èÀ‚A¬ì«ò

â‡íŸø MAîºÁ â‡èœ Þ¼‚°‹.
There are infinitely many rational numbers between any two
given rational numbers.
TN

• MAîºÁ â‡èO¡ Ã†ì™ êñQ Ì„Cò‹ Ý°‹.

Zero is the additive identity for rational numbers.

• ÌxTò‹ å¼ CøŠ¹ MAîºÁ â‡í£°‹.

Zero is a special rational numbers.

• ‘å¡Á’ â¡ð¶ MAîºÁ â‡èO¡ ‘ªð¼‚è™ êñQò£°‹.

‘One’ is the multiplicative identify for rational numbers.
• ‘0’ MŸ° î¬ôWN A¬ìò£¶.
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‘0’ has no reciprocal.

• 1 ñŸ-Á‹ &1 â¡ø MAîºÁ â‡èÀ‚° Üšªõ‡è«÷
î¬ôWNè÷£°‹.
1 and -1 are the only rational numbers which are their own recip-
rocals.

L
MAîºø£ ⇠(Irrational Numbers) :-
º®¾ø£ ñŸÁ‹ Åö™ ñòŸø îêñ MKM¬ù‚ ªè£‡ì

A
â‡ å¼ MAîºø£ ⇠ݰ‹. âù«õ, å¼ MAîºø£

RI
p
⇬í (Þƒ° p, q º¿‚èœ ñŸÁ‹ q ≠ 0) â¡ø
q
õ®õ™ â¿î º®ò£¶. TE
A number having a non-terminating and non-recurring decimal
expansion is called an irrational numer. So, it cannot bt written

p
in the form , where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0
A
q
Example :-
M

2, 3, e,11, 11,0.303003000.....
ªñŒªò‡èœ (Real Numbers)
C

(MAîºÁ â‡èœ)(Q) (MAîºø£ â‡èœ)

(Rational Numbers) (International Numbers)
PS

º¿‚èœ (Z)
(Integers)

º¿ â‡èœ (W)
TN

(Whole Numbers)

Þò™ â‡èœ (N)

(Natural Numbers)

Ex,
Which of the following number is irrational
H¡õ¼õùõŸÁœ â‰î å¡Á MAîºø£ â‡í£°‹.
(A) 11 (B) 81
(C) 0.0625 (D) 0.83
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1. Relative Prime Number (or) Co - Prime Numbers

HCF of two numbers is 1
Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ e.ªð£.õ. 1 âQ™ Üšªõ‡èœ ꣘
ðè£ â‡èœ âùŠð´‹.
E.g.

L
1 2,3 - common factor = 1

A
(2, 7), (8, 9) - Relative Numbers.

RI
Ü´ˆî´ˆî Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ factors 1.
E.g.
100, 101
8, 9 TE
1 1 1
2. If x + 3 then find x 2 + =
= 2
?(or ) x 3 + = ?
x x x3
A
(or)
å¼ â‡ ñŸÁ‹ Üî¡ î¬ôWNJ¡ Ã´î™ 3 âQ™ Üî¡
M

õ˜èƒèO¡ Ã´î™ ò£¶ ?-

The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 3. Find the sum of its
squares ?
C

Formula :
1
x2 + =a2 − 2
PS

2
x
1
x+ = 3
x
TN

a=3
1
x 2 + 2 = a 2 − 2 = 32 − 2 = 9 − 2
x
1
x2 + = 7
x

1 1
3. If x + 3 then find x 3 + 3 =
= ?
x x
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(or)
å¼ â‡ ñŸÁ‹ Üî¡ î¬ôWNJ¡ Ã´î™ 3 âQ™ Üî¡
èíƒèO¡ Ã´î™ ò£¶ ?-
The sum of a number and its reciprocal is 3. Find the sum of its
cubes ?

L
a=3
1

A
x3 + 3
= a 2 − 3a = (3)3 − 3(3) = 27 − 9
x

RI
1
x3 + 3 = 18
x
Note : TE
4 formulas / 4 êñ¡ð£´èœ
1
1. x 22 + 2 = a 22 − 2
x2
1
A
3 3
2. x 3 + 3 = a 3 − 3a
x 3
M

2 1 2
3. x 2 − 22 = a 2 + 2
x
3 1 3
4. x 3 − 33 = a 3 + 3a
C

x
PS

4. Find the number which is 30% less than 200 ?

200&™ 30% °¬ø‰î£™ âšõ÷¾ õ¼‹ ?
30
30% =
TN

100
30
x 200 = 60
100
200 − 60 = 140

a 5 a 2 + b2
5. If = then find =?
b 7 a 2 − b2
a 5 âQ™ a 2 + b2 ¡ ñFŠ¹ ?
=
b 7 a 2 − b2
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a 5,=
= b 7
a 2 + b2 52 + 72 25 + 49 74 37
= = = ==
a 2 − b2 52 − 72 25 − 49 18 9
24 12

L
The Same Question
a 2 + b2

A
If 7a=5b, find =?
a 2 − b2

RI
a 5
Change =
b 7
Note :
3a = 5b = 2c
TE
a = 5 x 2 = 10
b=3x2=6
A
c = 3 x 5 = 15
M

1 1 1
6. of of of 900 is =? (of = Multiple)
5 6 3
C

900&™ 5&™ 1 ðƒA™, 6&™ 1 ðƒA™ 3&™ 1 ðƒ° ò£¶ ?

1 1 1 900
PS

900 x x x= = = 10%
10
5 6 3 90

(6 + 6 + 6 + 6) ÷ 6
TN

7. Find the value of

4+4+4+4÷4
ñFŠ¹ 裇.
As per BODMAS rule Bracket of Division Multiplication Addi-
tion Subtraction.

(6 + 6 + 6 + 6) ÷ 6 24 ÷ 6 4
= =
4+4+4+4÷4 4 + 4 + 4 + 1 13

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Simplification
²¼‚°è

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²¼‚°è / Simplification
BODMAS
E.g. 2+(8-2) of 5-2 ²¼‚°è,
= 2 + 6 of 5 - 2

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= 2 + 30 - 2
= 32 - 2

A
= 30

Formula for simplification

RI
1. (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
2. (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab
3. (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)
TE
4. (a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab
5. a2 - b2 = (a + b) (a - b)
6. (a + b)3 = a3+b3+3a2b + 3ab2 (or) (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a +
b)
A
7. (a - b)3 = a3- b3 - 3a2b +3ab2 (or) (a - b)3 = a3 - b3- 3ab(a - b)
M

( a 3 + b3 )
8. = a+b
a 2 − ab + b2
C

a 3 − b3
9. = a−b
a 2 + ab + b2
PS

Sums :
TN

669 x 669 x 669 + 331 x 331 x 331

1.
669 x 669 - 669 x 331 + 331 x 331
a = 669, b = 331
( a 3 + b3 )
= a+b
a 2 − ab + b2
= (8th Forumula)
= 669 + 331
= 1000

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2. (669 + 331) 2 + (669 - 331) 2

669 x 669 + 331 x 331
a = 669, b = 331
( a + b) 2 + ( a − b) 2 (3rd forumala)
a 2 + b2

L
A
2( a 2 + b2 )
= = 2
a 2 + b2

RI
1 1 1
3. If : : = 1: 2 : 3 then find the ratio of x : y : z = ?
x y z TE
1 1 1
: : = 1: 2 : 3 âQ™ x : y : z = ?
x y z
(or)
A
The ratio of reciprocal of three numbers is 1 : 2 : 3 then x : y : z
=?
M

Í¡Á â‡èO¡ î¬ôWN MAîƒèœ 1 : 2 : 3 âQ™ x : y :

z=?

1 1 1
C

: : = 1: 2 : 3
x y z
PS

x = 2nd Ratio x 3rd Ratio

=2x3=6

y = 1st Ratio x 3rd Ratio

TN

=1x3=3

z = 1st Ratio x 2nd Ratio

=1x2=2

x:y:z=6:3:2

x y z
4. = = find x : y : z = ?
6 3 2
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x = 6, y = 3, z = 2
x:y:z=6:3:2

5. If 3x = 7y = 5z find x : y : z ?
x = 7 x 5 - except x value

L
y = 3 x 5 - except y value
z = 3 x 7 - except z value

A
x : y : z = 35 : 15 : 21

RI
TE
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TN

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Arithmetic Progrossive (AP)

Æ´ˆªî£ì˜

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Æ´ˆªî£ì˜ / Arithmetic Progrossive (AP)

A.P J¡ ªð£¶ õ®õ‹
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d, ..... a + (n-1) d, .....
a - First term (ºî™ àÁŠ¹), d - common difference (ªð£¶

L
MˆFò£ê‹).
n õ¶ àÁŠ¹ (nth term of A.P.)

A
tn = a+(n-1)d

RI
Æ´ˆªî£ì˜ õK¬êJ¡ 嚪õ£¼ àÁŠ¹ì‹ å«ó
ñ£PL¬ò‚ Æ®ù£½‹ èNˆî£½‹ ܈ªî£ì˜õK¬ê å¼
TE
Æ´ˆ ªî£ì˜ õK¬êò£è«õ Þ¼‚°‹.
An A.P. remains an A.P. if each of its term is added or subtracted
by a same constant.
A
1. How many terms ?
âˆî¬ù àÁŠ¹èœ àœ÷ù -?
M

l −a
=n +1
d
l = last item / è¬ìC àÁŠ¹
C

a = first item / ºî™ àÁŠ¹

d = difference / MˆFò£ê‹
PS

4, 7, 10, .... 61
l = 61,
a = 4,
TN

d=7-4=3
61 − 4
= +1
3
57
= + 1= 20
3

2. Which term of the series 4, 7, 10, .... is 91

4, 7, 10, ....... â¡ø Æ´ˆªî£ì˜ õK¬êJ™ 91 â¡ð¶
âˆî¬ùò£õ¶ àÁŠ¹ ?
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 TNPSC èí‚°

l −a
=n +1
d
l = 91
a=4
d=3

L
91 − 4
= +1
3

A
87
= + 1= 30
3

RI
3. 4, 7, 10 ...... 61
TE
Þ¼ Ü´ˆî´ˆî â‡èO¡ MˆFò£ê‹ êññ£è àœ÷ â‡
õK¬ê Æ´ˆªî£ì˜ (AP).
E.g
7-4=3
A
10 - 7 = 3

4. Find the sum of 4 + 7 + 10 + .... + 31.

M

4 + 7 + 10 + ,,,, + 31 â¡ø Æ´ˆªî£ì˜ õK¬êJ™

àÁŠ¹èO¡ Ã´î™ è£‡ ?
l −a
=n +1
C

d
l = 31
PS

a=4
d=3
31 − 4
= +1
TN

3
27
= + 1= 10
3
n
= Sn [a + l ]
2

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10 10
= [4 + 31]= [35]
2 2
= 5(35)
S10 = 175

L
5. 4 + 7 + 10 + .... â¡ø Æ´ˆªî£ì˜ õK¬êJ™ 10

A
àÁŠ¹èO¡ Ã´î™ è£‡.
n
Sn
= [2a + ( n − 1)d ]

RI
2
10
= [2(4) + (10 − 1)3]
2 TE
= 5[8 + 27]
= 5(35)
= 175
A
6. 2
2, 3 4, 4 3 ãÁõK¬ê (Ü) Þøƒ° õK¬ê.
M

Ascending (or) descending order.

square root ‚°œ àœ÷ Number ä ⴂ辋.
2, 4, 3
C

LCM = Square root ‚° «ñ™ àœ÷ number.

2 2,3, 4
PS

1, 3, 2
LCM = 12

12 12 12
TN

, , Square root ‚° «ñ™ àœ÷ number.

2 3 4
6, 4, 3
Square root ‚° àœ«÷ àœ÷ number.
(2)6, (4)4, (3)3
64, 256, 27
ãÁõK¬ê
4
3, 2, 3 4
27, 64, 256
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Þøƒ° õK¬ê
256, 64, 27
3
4, 2, 4 3

L
7. å¼ H¡ùˆF¡ ªî£°FJ™ 2&ä èNˆ¶ ð°FJ™ 3&ä Æ®
õ¼‹ ¹Fò H¡ù‹ 5/8 â¡ø£™ Üî¡ H¡ù‹ ò£¶?

A
In a fraction the numberator is subtracted by 2 and the denominator
is added, with 3 the new fraction will be 5/8. Then find original

RI
fraction ?
6 8 7 11
(A) 7 (B) 9 TE (C) 5 (D) 13

6−2 2
(A) = (îõÁ)
7+3 5
8−2 1
A
(B) 9 + 3 = 2 (îõÁ)

M

7−2 5 7
(C) 5 + 3 = 8 (êK âQ™ 5 M¬ì êKò£ù¶)

11 − 2 9
C

(D) 13 + 3 = 16 (îõÁ)
PS

(Reverse process)

7
TN

8. â¡ø H¡ùˆF¡ ªî£°F»ì¡ 2&ä èNˆ¶‹, ð°F»ì¡

5
3&ä Æ®ù£™ õ¼‹ ¹Fò H¡ù‹ ⶠ?

7
In a the numerator is substracted by 2 and the denominator is
5
added with the 3. Then find the new fraction.

7 7−2 5
= =
5 5+3 8
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Geometric Progrossive (AP)

Æ´ˆªî£ì˜

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ªð¼‚°ˆªî£ì˜ (GP)
GP J¡ ªð£¶õ®õ‹

a, ar, ar2, ar3, .....

a - first term (ºî™ àÁŠ¹)

L
r - common ratio (ªð£¶ MAî‹)

A
1. 2, 4, 8, 16.... â¡ø ªð¼‚°ˆ ªî£ì˜ õK¬êJ™ âˆî¬ù
àÁŠ¹è¬÷ Æì 1022 A¬ì‚°‹?

RI
How many terms are in the GP serious 2, 4, 8, 16, .... to be add to
get total 1022 ?
TE
ªð¼‚°ˆªî£ì˜ = Ü´ˆî´ˆî 2 â‡èO¡ MAî‹ êñ‹.
A.P = The ratio of two consecutive numbers are same.

Formula :
A
n = a.rn-1
a ( r n − 1)
M

Sn =
r −1
a
S∝ (sum of infinite terms of a GP series) / º®Mô£
1− r
C

ªð¼‚°ˆ ªî£ìK¡ Ã´î™ è£í õ£ŒŠð£´

PS

Common division
short with
4 8 16
= 2,= 2,= 2
TN

2 4 8

(2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512)

n=9
Ã´î™ 2 + 4+ 8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128 + 256 + 512 = 1022.
i.e. n = 9

 1  3 5  99 
2. Find the value of  2 −   2 −   2 −  ....  2 − 
 3 5 7  101 
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(ñFŠ¹‚ 裇)

 6 −16 −10 166 −− 1110

3−10 10
14
3− −−33145−14
14 −202
5 − 55  ....
99
−202 202
 202 99 
−99
− 99−
         ....  ....  ....   101 

 3   3 533 5 557 7 77 101  101 101 

L
 5   75 5597779103  99 103 103 103 
    ...  ...  ...
...   

 3   53 3375557101
 77101 101 101
 

A
Remove equal terms

RI
 5   7   103 
    ....  
 3   5   101 
103  103
Replace  =
TE
(consider only first fraction)
 101  3
(Replace 5 (1st family numerator to 103 (last family numerator))
A
Note :
 5   3   103 
M

If     ...  
 3   8   101 
5
(Replace 3 (1st family denominator to 101 (last family
101
C

denominator) )
PS

1 1 1 1
3. Find the value of + + + ...
16 − 15 15 − 14 14 − 13 5− 4
TN

1
+
5− 4

1 1 1 1
ñFŠ¹ 裇. + + + ...
16 − 15 15 − 14 14 − 13 5− 4
1
+
5− 4
Sign. Consider last term
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16 ± 4
= 4 + 2 (here +)
=6

L
Note :
How to find + (or) - between 4 & 2

A
Take last family

RI
1
+
5− 4
+ x - = - TE
Take opposite sign +
A
1 1
4. If x + 3 then find x 3 + 3 =
= ?
x x
M

(or)
å¼ â‡ ñŸÁ‹ Üî¡ î¬ôWNJ¡ Ã´î™ 5 âQ™ Üî¡
èíƒèO¡ Ã´î™ ò£¶ ?-
The sum of a number and its reciprocle is 5. Find the sum of its
C

cubes ?
PS

1
x3 +3
= a 3 − 3a
x
a=5
TN

= (5)3 − 3(5)
= 125 − 15
= 110

5. Find the number which is 20% less than 250.

250 ä Mì 20% °¬øõ£ù ⇠ⶠ?-

= 250 x 20 = 50
100
25
 TNPSC èí‚°

250 - 50 = 200

6. If a + b = 7 and a - b = 4 then the value of ab is

a + b = 7 ñŸÁ‹ a - b = 4 âQ™ ab ¡ ñFŠ¹ 裇 ?

L
a+b= 7 → 1
a-b = 4 → 2

A
2a = 11
11

RI
a=
2 substitute in 1
a+b= 7 TE
11
+b= 7
2
11 14 − 11
b =7 − =
A
2 2
3
M

b=
2
11  3 
ab =  
2 2
C

33
ab =
PS

x 1 x2 + y2
TN

7. If = then, Find the value of 2

y 3 x − y2
x 1 x2 + y2
= âQ™ 2 ¡ ñFŠ¹ 裇 ?
y 3 x − y2
x 1
= = , x 1,=
y 3
y 3

x 2 + y 2 (1) 2 + (3) 2
=
x 2 − y 2 (1) 2 − (3) 2
26
 TNPSC èí‚°

1+ 9
=
1− 9
10
=
−8

L
−5
=

A
4

RI
8. 1 of of 4 of a number is 60. Then find the number.
2 9
4
å¼ â‡E¡ ðƒA¡ 3 ðƒA¡ 1 TE ðƒè£ù¶ 60
9
âQ™ ܉î â‡¬í‚ 4
致H®. 2

1 3 4
xx x x = 60
A
2 4 9
12
xx = 60
M

72
72 6
x = 60 x
12
C

x = 360
PS

275 x 275 x 275 + 225 + 225 + 225

9. Simplify (²¼‚°è) :
275 x 275 - 275 x 225 + 225 x 225
TN

a 3 + b3
= a+b
a 2 − ab + b2
=a 275,
= b 225
a + b= 275 + 225
= 500

1 1 1
10. If : : = 2 : 3 : 5, then x : y : z is
x y z
27
 TNPSC èí‚°

1 1 1
: : = 2 : 3 : 5, âQ™ x : y : z â¡ð¶ ?
x y z
=x 3= x 5 15
= y 2= x 5 10

L
=z 2= x3 6

A
xx :: yy :: zz =
= 15
15 :10
:10 :16
:6

RI
11. Which term of the series 5, 8, 11, 14 ..... is 323 ?
5, 8, 11, 14 â¡ø Æ´ˆªî£ìK™ 323 â¡ð¶ âˆî¬ùò£õ¶
àÁŠ¹ ? TE
a = 5, d = 8 - 5 = 3, l = 323
l −a
=n +1
d
323 − 5 318
A
= +1⇒ +1
3 3
M

318 + 3 321
= = = 107
3 3
n = 107
C

12. 2, 3
4,
6 in asending order are (ãÁ õK¬êJ™ ⿶è.)
4
PS

2
2, 3 4, 4 6 = 2, 3, 4
2 2, 3, 4
LCM 1, 3, 2
TN

LCM = 2 x 1 x 3 x 2 = 12
12 12 12
, , = 6, 4 ,3
2 3 4
The given numbers

2, 3
4, 4
6
(2) , (4) , (6)3
6 4

28
 TNPSC èí‚°

= 64, 256, 216

Asending order = 64, 216, 256
=2, 6, 4 3
4

2
13. A fraction becomes when 1 is added to both its numerator and

L
3 1
denominator and it becomes when 1 is

A
2
subtracted from both its numerator and denominator. Find the

RI
fraction ?
å¼ H¡ùˆF™ ªî£°F ñŸÁ‹ ð°FJL¼‰¶ îô£
2
1 ä‚ Ã†ì H¡ù‹ A¬ì‚Aø¶. ªî£°F ñŸø‹
TE
3 1
ð°FJL¼‰¶ 1 ä èN‚è H¡ù‹ A¬ì‚Aø¶ âQ™
܉î H¡ù‹ ò£¶? 2
A
(Reverse process)
(A) (B)
M

3
(C) (D)
5
3 3+1 4 2
C

(C ) =⇒ ==
5 5 +1 6 3
PS

3 −1 2 1 3
= ⇒ âQ™ â¡ð¶ êKò£ù M¬ì.
5 −1 4 2 5
TN

14. How many terms are there in 2, 4, 8, 16, ..... 1024 ?

2, 4, 8, 16 ,,,,,, 1024 â¡ø ªð¼‚° ªî£ìK™ âˆî¬ù
àÁŠ¹èœ àœ÷ù,

29
 TNPSC èí‚°

4
a= 2, r= = 2
2
tn = ar n −1
1024 = 2(2) n −1

L
1024
= 2n −1
2

A
n −1
2 = 512
2n−1 = 29

RI
n= 9 + 1
n = 10 TE
Short cut :
G.P.
2 ºî™ 1024 õ¬ó â¿î¾‹.
A
2
M

4
8
16
32
C

64
128
PS

256
512
1024
TN

10 àÁŠ¹èœ âù M¬ì ÜO‚辋

15. Which of the following fraction is the smallest ?

W«ö àœ÷ H¡ùƒèO™ ⶠCPò¶ -?

13
(A) = 0.812
16
15
(B) = 0.789
19
30
 TNPSC èí‚°

17
(C) = 0.809
21
7
(D) = 0.875
8

L
Smallest fraction = 0.789

A
15
= 0.789
19

RI
Short cut

(A) 13 15 (B) TE
16 19
13 x 9 16 x 15
= 247 = 240 (CPò¶)
A
(B) 15 17 (C)
M

19 21
15 x 21 19 x 17
= 315 = 323
C

(CPò¶)
PS

(B) 15 7 (D)
19 7
15 x 8 19 x 7
TN

= 120 = 133
(CPò¶)
âQ™ (B) CPò¶,
Note / °PŠ¹ :

1 5 11 7
, , , ÞF™ ªî£°F‚°‹ ð°F‚°‹ àœ÷ MˆFò£ê‹
3 7 13 9
ܬùˆ¶ H¡ùƒèÀ‚°‹ êññ£è

31
 TNPSC èí‚°

àœ÷¶. âù«õ ªî£°FJ™ ⶠªðKò«î£ ܉î H¡ù‹

I芪ðKò ñFŠ¹¬ìò¶. âù«õ 11/13 â¡ø H¡ù‹
IèŠðKò â‡í£°‹.
Here the difference between the numerator and denominator are
same in all fractions. So the largest numurator fraction number
is the highest value number. Hence 11/13 is the largest number.

L
A
16. Find the value of (ñFŠ¹ 裇) :
 1  3 5  999 

RI
 2 −   2 −   2 −  ...  2 − 
 3 5 7  1001 
 6 − 1   10 − 3   14 − 5   2002 − 999 
=   TE  ...  
 3   5   7   1001 
 5   7   9   1003 
=       ...  
 3   5   7   1001 
A
1003
=
3
M

°PŠ¹ : 5 â¡ø ⇵‚° ðFô£è 1003 ä °P‚辋.

C

a b c a+b+c
17. If = = the value of is
3 4 7 2
PS

a b c a+b+c
= = âQ™ ¡ ñFŠ¹ ?
3 4 7 2
a 3,=
= b 4,=c 7
TN

a + b + c 3+ 4 + 7
=
2 2
14
=
2
=7

32
 TNPSC èí‚°

1 1 1 1 1
18. − + − + is
9− 8 8− 7 7− 6 6− 5 5− 4
(ñFŠ¹ 裇.)

3+2=5

L
19. Find the value of (ñFŠ¹ 裇) :

A
1 2 3 4 5 6
999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999 + 999
7 7 7 7 7 7

RI
1 2 3 4 5 6
= 6 x 999 +  + + + + + 
7 7 7 7 7 7
= 5994 +
21
7
TE
= 5994 + 3
= 5997
A
M

20. Find the value of (ñFŠ¹ 裇) : 22 + 42 + 62 + ...... 402

22[12 + 22 + 32 + .... + 202]
 n( n + 1)(2n + 1) 
= 22 
C

 6 

 20(20 + 1)(2x20 + 1) 
PS

= 22  
 6
TN

 20(10 + 1)(2 x 20 + 1) 
= 22  
 6
2 7
4 x 20 x 21 x 41
=
63 1

= 11480

33
 TNPSC èí‚°

21. The value of (ñFŠ¹ 裇)

609 + 248 + 60 + 7 + 81

= 609 + 248 + 60 + 7 + 9

L
= 609 + 248 + 60 + 16

A
= 609 + 248 + 60 + 4

RI
= 609 + 248 + 64
= 609 + 248 + 8
= 609 + 256
TE
= 609 + 16
= 625
A
= 25
M

2 16
22. The 4th term of a G.P. is and the seventh term is . Find the
first term ? 3 81
C

2
å¼ ªð¼‚°ˆªî£ì˜ õK¬êJ™ 4&õ¶ àÁŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹
PS

16 3
ãö£õ¶ àÁŠ¹ âQ™ ºî™ àÁŠ¹ ⶠ?
81
2
t4 =
TN

3
16
t7 =
81
tn = ar n −1
t4 ar 3 → 1
=
t7 ar 6 → 2
=

34
 TNPSC èí‚°

2
1 ar 3 3
= =
2 ar 6 16
81
1 2 81 27
= x
r 3 3 16 8

L
1 27
=

A
r3 8
8
r3 =

RI
27
2
r=
3 TE
3
3 2  8  2
ar = a   ⇒ a   =
 3  27  3
2 27 9
A
a= x
3 8 4
M

9
a=
4
Short cut :
C

7 ¹œOèœ ¬õ‚è.
, , , , , , ,
PS

2 16

3 81
TN

, , , , , , ,

9 3 1 2 4 8 16
4 2 1 3 9 27 81

9
ºî™ àÁŠ¹ =
4

35
 TNPSC èí‚°

23. If 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 10 = 55, then find the value of 13 + 23 + 33 + ...

103 ?
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 10 = 55 âQ™ 13 + 23 + 33 + ... 103 ?
n( n + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + ,,,,, + n =
2

L
2
 n( n + 1) 
1 + 2 + 3 + ...... + n = 
3 3 3 3

 2 

A
∴ 13 + 23 + 33 + ...... + 103 = 552 = 3025

RI
24. Find the value of (ñFŠ¹ 裇) : 5 + 11 + 17 + ... + 95 = ?

a = 5, d = 11 − 5 = 6, l = 95
TE
= l a 95 − 5
=n 1
+= +1
d 6
A
90 96
= + 1=
6 6
M

n = 16
n
Ã´î™ = (l + a )
2
C

16
= (95 + 5)
2
PS

= 8(100)
= 800
TN

25. If=a x b= , b y c= , c z a then the value of x y z ?

a x b=
= , b y c= , c z a âQ™ x y z ¡ ñFŠ¹ ò£¶ ?
cz = a
put c = by
byz = a
put b = ax
axyz = a1
xyz = 1

36
 TNPSC èí‚°

26. Find the value of (ñFŠ¹ 裇) : 3

−67 − 3 −25 + 3 −8

= 3 −67 − 3 −25 − 2
= 3 −67 − 3 −27

L
= 3 −67 − ( −3)

A
= 3 −67 + 3
= −64
3

RI
= −4
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

37
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

LCM (e.C.ñ (Ü) e.ªð£.ñ

Least Common multiple (e„CÁ ªð£¶ ñ샰)
HCF (or) GCD (e.ªð.õ.
(Ü) eŠªð¼ ªð£¶ õ°ˆF) (Ü) e.ªð£.õ.
Highest Common factor (or) Createst Common
Division

38
 TNPSC èí‚°

LCM (e.C.ñ (Ü) e.ªð£.ñ

Least Common multiple (e„CÁ ªð£¶ ñ샰)
HCF (or) GCD (e.ªð.õ.
(Ü) eŠªð¼ ªð£¶ õ°ˆF) (Ü) e.ªð£.õ.
Highest Common factor (or)

L
Createst Common Division

A
1. e.C.ñ. (LCM) 6, 8. 10

RI
V 2 6, 8, 10
3, 4, 5 Common factors are only prime numbers.
H TE
(V = Vertical Numbers ; H = Horizontal numbers)

LCM = V x H
=2x3x4x5
A
LCM = 120

2. e.ªð.õ. (HCF) 6, 8, 10
M

2 6, 8, 10
3, 4, 5
HCF = V
C

HCF = 2
LCM > HCF
PS

LCM = HCF →The given Numbers are same

Example : (4, 4) e.C.ñ. = e.ªð.õ.
(or) (6, 6)
TN

3. (LCM) e.C.ñ. ñŸÁ‹ e.ªð.õ.(HCF) 裇è :

6, 8, 16

LCM 2 6, 8, 16
2 3, 4, 8
2 3, 2, 4
3, 1, 2
39
 TNPSC èí‚°

Minimum two numbers have common factor.

LCM = V x H
= 2x2x2x3x1x2
LCM = 48
HCF 2 6, 8, 16

L
3 4 8
2 3, 4, 8

A
All numbers have a common factor.
HCF = V

RI
HCF = 2

Relationship between HCF & LCM formula.

• LCM = HCF x Ratio

TE
e.C.ñ. = e.ªð.õ. x MAî‹
Ex. 2 6, 8, 10 → ratio
A
3, 4, 5
M

• Product of two numbers = LCM x HCF

Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ ªð¼‚èŸðô¡ = e.C.ñ. x e.ªð.õ.

SUM :
C

1. The product of two numbers is 32. The HCF of two numbers is

4. Find LCM ?
PS

Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ ªð¼‚èŸðô¡ 32. ÜõŸP¡ e.ªð.õ.

4 âQ™ e.C.ñ. 裇è.
Product of two numbers = LCM x HCF
32 = LCM x 4
TN

32
LCM =
4
LCM = 8

2. The ratio of two numbers is 1 : 2. The HCF of two numbers is 4.

Find LCM ?
Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ MAîƒèœ 1 : 2 ÜõŸP¡ e.ªð.õ. 4
âQ™ e.C.ñ. 裇 ?

40
 TNPSC èí‚°

LCM = HCF x Ratio

=4x1x2
Multiply Ratio numbers
LCM = 8

3. Three numbers ratio 1 : 2 : 3. The HCF of these numbers is 12.

L
Find the three numbers ?
Í¡Á â‡èO¡ MAîƒèœ 1:2:3 ÜõŸP¡ e.ªð.õ. 12.

A
âQ™ Üšªõ‡èœ ò£¬õ ?
Take x, 2x, 3x

RI
HCF = x = 12
12, 2(12), 3(12)
12, 24, 36

4.
TE
The ratio of three numbers is 1 : 2 : 3. The LCM of three numbers
is 72. Find the three numbers ?
Í¡Á â‡èO¡ MAîƒèœ 1:2:3 ÜõŸP¡ e.C.ñ. 72
A
âQ™ Üšªõ‡èœ ò£¬õ ?
Take a : b : c = 1 : 2 : 3
M

LCM LCM LCM

, ,
bxc a xc a xb
72 72 72
C

x x
6 3 2
PS

12, 24, 36

5. The ratio of two numbers is 2 : 3. The LCM of two numbers is

72. Find two numbers ?
TN

Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ MAîƒèœ 2:3. Üšªõ‡èO¡ e.C.ñ.

72 âQ™ Üšªõ‡èœ ò£¬õ ?
Take a : b = 2 : 3

LCM LCM
,
b a
72 72
,
3 2
24, 36
41
 TNPSC èí‚°

6. x 3 y 2 z 5 , x 2 y 4 z 6 , xy 5 z 3 ÞõŸP¡ e.C.ñ. ñŸÁ‹ e.ªð.õ.

裇è.
LCM (e.C.ñ.) = x3 y5 z6 Take High power of value.
HCF (e.ªð.õ.) = xy2 z3 Take low power of value.

L
7. x 3 y 2 z 5 , x 2 y 4 z 6 , y 5 z 3 Find LCM and HCF ?

A
LCM = x3 y5 z6
HCF = y2 z3

RI
8. 4 x 3 y 2 z 5 ,6 x 2 y 4 z 6 ,8 xy 5 z 3 . Find LCM and HCF ?
LCM of 4, 6, 8 TE
2 4,6,8
2 2,3, 4
1,3,2
A
LCM = V x H
M

=2x2x1x3x2
LCM = 24
HCF of 4, 6, 8
C

2 4,6,8
2, 3,4
PS

HCF = V
HCF = 2
LCM = 24x3 y5 z6
TN

HCF = 2xy2 z3

9. 23 x 35 x 74, 25 x 36 x 75, 27 x 32 x 73 ÞõŸP¡ e.C.ñ., e.ªð.õ.

裇è.
e.C.ñ. = 27 x 36 x 75
e.ªð.õ. = 23 x 32 x 73

42
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Fraction (H¡ù‹)
LCM

43
 TNPSC èí‚°

Fraction (H¡ù‹) LCM

Formula :
LCM of Numerator
1. LCM =
HCM of Denominator

L
ªî£°FèO¡ e.C.ñ.
e.C.ñ. =
ð°FèO¡ e.ªð.õ.

A
HCF of Numerator
2. HCF =
LCM of Denominator

RI
ªî£°FèO¡ e.ªð.õ.
e.ªð.õ. = ð°FèO¡ e.C.ñ.
Example Sum (Shortcut) :
TE
1. Find HCF to 102, 170, 238.
(A) 36 (B) 34
(C) 30 (D) 40
A
2 102, 170, 238
(factor 2 comes at 1 time only)
51, 85, 119
M

Take option A Take option B

Take Option C Take Option D
C

2 36 2 30
2 18 2 40
2 34 3 15
2 20
PS

3 9 17 5
3 2 10
1
5
2x2x3x3 2 x 17
TN

(2 comes 2 times) (2 comes 1 time )

so, wrong so, correct
2x3x5
(5 is not a fractor) 2x2x2x5
so, wrong (2 comes 3 times)
5 is not a factor so, wrong
of 51 & 119

44
 TNPSC èí‚°

2 5 7
1. , , Find LCM ?
3 9 27
LCM = 2, 5, 7
2,5,7

L
HCF = 3, 9, 27
3 3,9,27

A
1,3, 9
LCM of Numerator

RI
LCM =
HCM of Denominator
2x5x7
= TE
3
70
LCM =
3
A
2 4 6
M

2. , , e.ªð.õ. 裇è.
3 9 27
HCF of Numerator 2, 4, 6
C

2 2, 4,6
PS

1,2,3
HCF = 2
LCM of Denominator 3, 9, 27
3 3,9,27
TN

31, 3, 9
1, 1, 3
LCM = 3 x 3 x 1 x 1 x 3
LCM = 27
HCF of Numerator
HCF =
LCM of Denominator
2
=
27
45
 TNPSC èí‚°

3. â‰îªõ£¼ Iè„CPò ⇬í 2, 3, 4, 5 ÝAò â‡è÷£™

õ°ˆî£™ eF 0 A¬ì‚°‹ ?
The least number which is exactly divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5 ?
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 80 (D) 68

Question → CPò â‡èœ

L
Answer → ªðKò â‡èœ
So find LCM

A
Question → ªðKò â‡èœ

RI
Answer → CPò â‡èœ
So find HCF

LCM of 2, 3, 4, 5
TE
2 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 3, 2, 5
A
LCM = V x H
=2x1x3x2x5
M

LCM = 60 (Ans)
C

4. Find the least number which when added with 1 is exactly divisible
by 2, 3, 4, 5 ?
PS

â‰îªõ£¼ Iè„CPò â‡µì¡ 1ä ‚ Æì Üšªõ‡

2, 3, 4, 5 ÝAò â‡è÷£™ eFJ¡P õ°ð´‹.
(A) 59 (B) 60 (C) 61 (D) 66
LCM of 2, 3, 4, 5
TN

2 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 3, 2, 5
LCM = 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 5
LCM = 60 â¡ð¶ 1 ä‚ Ã†®ò H¡ õ‰î ⇠âQ™
ãŸèù«õ àœ÷ ⇠59.

5, Find the least number which when diminished with 1 is exactly

divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5 ?
â‰î å¼ Iè„CPò â‡µì¡ 1&ä‚ èN‚è Üšªõ‡ 2,
46
 TNPSC èí‚°

3, 4, 5 ÝAò â‡è÷£™ eFJ¡P õ°ð´‹ -?

(A) 59 (B) 60 (C) 61 (D) 66

2 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 3, 2, 5

L
LCM = 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 5
LCM = 60 â¡ð¶ 1 ä‚ èNˆîH¡ õ‰î ⇠âQ™

A
Üšªõ‡ 61.

RI
6, Find the largest 4 digit number which is exactly divisible by 2,
3, 4, 5 ?
2, 3, 4, 5 ÝAò â‡è÷£™ eFJ¡P õ°ðì‚ Ã®ò
TE
I芪ðKò 4 Þô‚è ⇠ò£¶ ?

2 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 3, 2, 5
A
LCM = 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 x 5
LCM = 60
M

Largest 4 digit number is 9999.

166
C

60 9999
60
PS

399
360
399
360
TN

39 →Reminder

9999 - 39 = 9960.
2, 3, 4, 5 ÝAò â‡è÷£™ eFJ¡P õ°ðì‚ Ã®ò
I芪ðKò 4 Þô‚è ⇠9960.

7, Iè„CPò 5 Þô‚è â‡èO¡ eFJ¡P õ°ð´‹ â‡èœ

2, 3, 4, 5 âQ™ Üšªõ‡ ò£¶ ?

47
 TNPSC èí‚°

2 2, 3, 4, 5
1, 3, 2, 5
LCM = 2 x 1 x 3 x 2 x 5 = 60

L
166
60 10000

A
60
400

RI
360
400
360 TE
40 →Reminder

LCM - Reminder
60 - 40 = 20
A
10000 + 20 = 10020.
Iè„ CPò 5 Þô‚è â‡èO¡ eFò¡P õ°ð´‹ â‡ð´‹
M

2, 3, 4, 5 âQ™ Üšªõ‡ 10020,

8. Logical Question : The HCF of 2 numbers is 12. Find LCM ?

and Which is not LCM of 2 numbers.
C

(A) 48 (B) 60 (C) 50 (D) 120

(12 x 4) (12 x 5) (12 x 10)
PS

Ans : 50

9. The HCF of 65 and 117 is 65 m - 117. Find m = ?

TN

65, 117¡ e.ªð.õ. 65 m - 117 âQ™ m = ?

HCF of 65, 117.

13 65, 117
5, 9
HCF = 13
65 m - 117 = 13
65 m = 13 + 117
65 m = 130

48
 TNPSC èí‚°

130
m=
65
m=2

10. Six bells commences tolling together and toll at the intervels

L
2,4,6,8,10 and 12 seconds respectively. In 30 minutes, how many
times do they toll tegether ?

A
ÝÁ ñEèœ ªõš«õÁ ªï£® Þ¬ìªõOJ™ 2, 4, 6,
8, 10, 12 Ü®‚Aø¶. å«ó «ïóˆF™ ÝÁ ñEèÀ‹,

RI
ªè£´‚èŠð†ì 30 GIìƒèO™ âˆî¬ù º¬ø Ü®‚°‹.
The given time = 30 minutes.
LCM
2 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
2 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
TE
3 1, 1, 3, 2, 5, 3
1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 1
A
LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 1 x 1 x 2 x 5 x 1 = 120
= 120 seconds.
M

Every 120 seconds - 1 time - 6 bells ae tonned together.

= 30 minutes.
30 x 60 30
= 120 2 = = 15
C

2
Already 1 time tonned together.
PS

= 15 + 1
= 16 times

11. The least number which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a

TN

remainder 3. but when divided by 9 leaves no remainder is ?

â‰îªõ£¼ Iè„CPò ⇬í 5, 6, 7 ñŸÁ‹ 8 Ý™ õ°‚è
eF 3&‹, 9&Ý™ õ°‚è eF 0 A¬ì‚°‹ ?
(A) 1677 (B) 1683 (C) 2523 (D) 3363

Note : one of the option is exactly divided by 9. Then the number

is answer.
â‰î M¬ì 9Ý™ êKò£è õ°ð´Aø«î£ ܶ«õ êKò£ù
M¬ìò£°‹.

49
 TNPSC èí‚°

Option A Option B Option C Option D

186 187 280
9 1677 9 1683 9 2523
9 9 18

L
77 78 72
72 72 72

A
57 63 03
54 63

RI
3 0

373
9 3363 TE
27
66
63
A
33
27
6
M

The answer is 1683 (Option B)

C

Another way :
PS

2 5, 6, 7, 8
LCM 5, 3, 7, 4
LCM = 840
TN

i) 840 x 1 + 3 = 843
ii) 840 x 2 + 3 = 1683 (M¬ì õ¼‹ õ¬ó)

12. Find the smallest numbers of 5 digits exactly divisible by 16, 24,
36 and 54.
16, 24, 36 ñŸÁ‹ 54 ÝAò â‡è÷£™ eFJ¡P
õ°ðì‚îò Iè„CPò 5 Þô‚è ⇠ⶠ?

50
 TNPSC èí‚°

LCM 2 16, 24, 36, 54

3 8, 12, 18, 27
2 8, 4, 6, 9
3 4, 2, 3, 9
2 4, 2, 1, 3

L
2, 1, 1, 3
LCM = 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 x 2 x 2 x 1 x 1 x 3

A
LCM = 432
5 Þô‚è Iè„ CPò ⇠10000

RI
23
432 10000 TE
864
1360
1296
64
A
432 - 64 = 368
10000 + 368 = 10368
M

And : 10368

13.
The numbers are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 and their HCF is 12. Find
C

the LCM.
Í¡Á â‡èœ 1:2:3 â¡ø MAîˆF™ àœ÷ù. ÜõŸP¡
PS

e.ªð£.õ. 12 âQ™ e.C.ñ. 裇?

LCM = HCF x Ratio
= 12 x 1 x 2 x 3
LCM = 72
TN

14. The LCM of three different numbers is 120 which of the following
cannot be their HCF ?
3 â‡èO¡ e.C.ñ. 120. W›‚è‡ìõŸÁœ ⶠÜõŸP¡
e.ªð£.õ. Þ¼‚è Þòô£¶ ?
LCM = 120
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 24 (D) 35
120
(A) = 15 →fully divisible
8

51
 TNPSC èí‚°

120
(B) = 10 →fully divisible
12
120
(C) = 5 →fully divisible
24

L
120
(D) = 3.4 →not divisible
35

A
Note :
LCM should be multiples of HCF.

RI
e.C.ñ. â¡ð¶ e.ªð.õ. M¡ ñ샰.

15.
TE
The product of two numbers is 1320 and their HCF is 6. The
LCM of the number is
Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ ªð¼‚èŸðô¡ 1320. ÜõŸP¡ e.ªð.õ.
6 âQ™ e.C.ñ. â¡ù -?
A
Product of two numbers = LCM x HCF
1320 = LCM x 6
M

1320
LCM =
6
LCM = 220
C

16. The HCF and LCM of two numbers is 72 and 6. If one of the
PS

number is 18. Find the other.

Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ e.C.ñ. ñŸÁ‹ e.ªð.õ. 72 ñŸÁ‹ 6.
ÜõŸÁœ å¼ â‡ 18 âQ™ ñŸªø£¼ ⇠?
TN

Product of two numbers = HCF x LCM

18 x x = 72 x 6
72 x 6
x = 18 3
x = 24

17. Find HCF (e.ªð.õ. 裇)

6(2 x 2 − 3x − 2),8(4 x 2 + 4 x + 1),12(2 x 2 + 7 x + 3)

52
 TNPSC èí‚°

2 6, 8, 12
HCF =
3, 4, 6
HCF = 2

L
6( x - 2)(2 x + 1),8(2 x + 1) 2 ,12(2 x + 1)(2 x + 3)
Ans : 2(2x + 1)

A
18. The HCF of two number is 12. Which one of the following can

RI
never be their LCM ?
Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ e.ªð.õ. 12. W›‚è‡ìõŸÁœ ⶠÜî¡
e.C.ñ. õ£è Þ¼‚è º®ò£¶ ? TE
(A) 72 (B) 36 (C) 48 (D) 50

72 36 48 50
(A) =6 (B) =3 (C) =4 (D) = 4.1
A
12 12 12 12
M

19. The least numbers which when divided by 5, 6, 7 and 8 leaves a

remainder 3, but when divided by 9 leaves no remainder is
â‰î å¼ Iè„CPò ⇬í 5, 6, 7 ñŸÁ‹ 8 Ý™ õ°‚è
C

eF 3 ñŸø‹ 9Ý™ õ°‚è eF 0 A¬ì‚°‹.

(A) 1677 (B) 1683 (C) 2523 (D) 3363
PS

2 5, 6, 7, 8
LCM =
5, 3, 7, 4
LCM = 2 x 5 x 3 x 7 x 4
TN

LCM = 840
840 K + 3 → 1
K 1 → 840 (1) + 3 = 843
K 2 → 840 (2) + 3 = 1683

Another Method :
Option A Option B Option C Option D

53
 TNPSC èí‚°

186 187 280

9 1677 9 1683 9 2523
9 9 18
77 78 72
72 72 72

L
57 63 03
54 63

A
3 0

373

RI
9 3363
27
66 TE
63
33
27
6
A
M

20. Find the HCF of 513, 1134 and 1215.

e.ªð.õ. 裇. 513, 1134, 1215.
(A) 18 (B) 27 (C) 31 (D) 17
(2x3x3) (3x3x3) (31) (17)
C

3 513, 1134, 1215

PS

3 17, 378, 405

3 57, 126, 135
19, 42, 45
TN

(here 3 x 3 x 3)

21. Find LCM (e.C.ñ. 裇)

2 8 16 10
, , ,
3 9 81 27
LCM of Numerator
LCM =
HCM of Denominator

54
 TNPSC èí‚°

e.C.ñ. =

2 2, 8, 16, 10
2 1, 4, 8, 5
2 1, 2, 4, 5
1, 1, 2, 5

L
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 1 x 1 x 2 x 5

A
= 80
HCF = 3 3, 9, 81, 27

RI
1, 3, 27, 9

HCF = 3 TE
80
LCM =
3
A
22. The HCF of two numbers is 11 and their LCM is 69. If one of the
number is 77. Find the other.
M

Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ e.ªð.õ. ñŸÁ‹ e.C.ñ. º¬ø«ò 11,

693 ÜõŸÁœ å¼ â‡ 77 âQ™ ñŸªø£¼ ⇠ò£¶ ?
Product of two numbers = LCM x HCF
77 x x = 11 x 693
C

11 x 693
PS

x=
11 7
x = 99
TN

23. The LCM of (e.C.ñ.) 23 x 32 x 5 x 11, 24 x 34 x 52 x 7, 25 x 33 x

53 x 72 x 11
Ans : LCM = 25 x 34 x 53 x 72 x 11

24. Three numbers are in the ratio 1 : 2 : 3 and their HCF is 12. The
numbers are.
3 â‡èœ 1:2:3 â¡ø MAîˆF™ àœ÷ù. ÜõŸP¡
e.ªð.õ. 12 âQ™ Üšªõ‡èœ ò£¬õ ?
Take x, 2x, 3x - 1 : 2 : 3
HCF = 12 = x
55
 TNPSC èí‚°

12, 2(12), 3(12)

= 12, 24, 36

25. The product of two numbers is 1320 and their HCF is 6. The
LCM of the number is
Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ ªð¼‚èŸðô¡ 1320. ÜõŸP¡ e.ªð.õ.

L
6 âQ™ e.C.ñ â¡ù ?
Product of two numbers = HCF x LCM

A
1320 = 6 x LCM
1320
LCM =

RI
6
LCM = 220

26.
TE
The product of two numbers is 4107 and their HCF is 37. The
larger number is
Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ ªð¼‚èŸðô¡ 4107. ÜõŸP¡ e.ªð.õ.
37 âQ™ ܉î â‡èO™ ªðKò â‡
A
Product of two numbers = HCF x LCM
4107 = 37 x LCM
M

4107
LCM =
37
C

LCM = 111
PS

27. Find the least common multiple of 2( x 2 − 8),(3x 2 − 9 x + 6)

and (6 x 2 + 18 x + 12)
e.C.ñ. 裇.
TN

(2 x 2 − 8) ⇒ 2( x 2 − 4)
8
x 2= = 4
2
x =2 ⇒ ( x − 2)
(3x 2 − 9 x + 6) ⇒ (3x − 3)(3x − 6)
3[( x − 1)( x − 2)]
6 x + 18 x + 12 ⇒ 6( x 2 + 3x + 2)
2

56
 TNPSC èí‚°

6( x + 1)( x + 2)
2 2, 3, 6
31, 3, 3
1, 1, 1

L
6( x - 2) ( x -1) ( x - 2) ( x + 1) ( x + 2)

A
LCM
= 6( x - 2)( x -1)( x + 1)( x + 2)

RI
28. The least number which when increased by 1 is divisible by 12,
18, 24 and 32 is
â‰î å¼ Iè„CPò â‡µì¡ 1ä‚ Ã†ì Üšªõ‡ 12,
TE
18, 24 ñŸÁ‹ 32 ÝAò â‡è÷£™ eFJ¡P õ°ð´‹ ?

LCM 2 12, 18, 24, 32

2 6, 9, 12, 16
A
2 3, 9. 6, 8
3 3, 9, 3, 4
M

1, 3, 1, 4
LCM = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 3 x 1 x 4
LCM = 288 â¡ð¶ 1 ä‚ Ã†®ò H¡ õ‰î ⇠âQ™
C

Ans is 287.
PS

29. The LCM of two numbers is 48. The numbers are in the ratio 2 :
3. The sum of two number is
Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ e.C.ñ. 48. ÜõŸP¡ MAî‹ 2 : 3
TN

âQ™ Þó‡´ â‡èO¡ Ã´î™ -?

LCM = 48
a:b=2:3

LCM LCM 48 48
= = , 16, 24
b a 3 2
16 + 24 = 40

30. Find the HCF (e.ªð.õ. 裇.)

57
 TNPSC èí‚°

x4 y 7 z5, x2 y 3z 4 , x6 y 4 z3
Ans : x 2 y 3 z 3

31. Find the greatest numbers of 4 digits which is divisible by 15, 25,
40, 75.

L
15, 25, 40, 75 Ý™ õ°ðì‚îò eŠªð¼ 4 Þô‚è

A
â‡¬í‚ è‡´H®.
LCM 5 15, 25, 40, 75
5 3, 5, 8, 15

RI
3 3, 1, 8, 3
1, 1, 8, 1
LCM = 5 x 5 x 3 x 1 x 1 x 8 x 1
LCM = 600
TE
4 digit greatest number is 9999
16
A
600 9999
600
M

3999
3600
399
C

9999 - 399 = 9600

PS
TN

58
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Simplification
²¼‚°è

59
 TNPSC èí‚°

²¼‚°è/Simplification
x 2 − 36 x+6
1. Dividing by 2 is equal to ?
x+3 x −9

L
x 2 − 36 x+6
â¡ø «è£¬õ¬ò 2 Ý™ õ°‚è A¬ìŠð¶
x+3 x −9

A
ò£¶ ?

RI
(A) ( x − 6)( x − 3) (B) ( x + 6)( x + 3)
(C) ( x − 6)( x + 3) (D) ( x + 6)( x − 3)
TE
x 2 − 62 x+6
÷ 2 2
= x+3 x −3 a 2 − b2 = ( a + b)( a − b)
( x + 6)( x − 6) x+6
A
= ÷
( x + 3) ( x + 3( x − 3)
M

( x + 6)( x − 6) ( x + 3)( x − 3)
= x
( x + 3) ( x + 6)
=( x − 6)( x − 3)
C

Shortcut method :
PS

x 2 − 62 x+6
÷ 2 2
x+3 x −3
Substitute x = 6. The value is 0. So x is greater than 6
TN

x=7

49 − 36 13
÷
10 49 − 9
13 13
= ÷
10 10
13 40
=
=
x
10 13

60
 TNPSC èí‚°

=4
x = 7 then the answer is 4

Substitute options 1 by 1
(A) (x-6) (x-3)
= (7-6)(7-3)

L
= (1) (4)
=4

A
RI
2. The value of (ñFŠ¹ 裇.) a −1b x b −1c x c −1a

b c a TE 1
x x a −1 =
a b c a
1
= 1 a −2 = 2
a
=1
A
3. If 3 x 5 = 64 and 4 x 6 = 100 then find 7 x 5 = ?
M

3 x 5 = 3 + 5 = 82 = 64
4 x 6 = 4 + 6 = 102 = 100
7 x 5 = 7 + 5 = 122 = 144
C

4. Simplify the lowest form.

PS

x4 + x2 + 1
²¼‚°è.
x2 + x + 1
(A) x 2 + x + 1 (B) x 2 − x + 1
TN

(C) x 2 − 2 x + 1 (D) x 2 − 2 x − 1

All numbers are positive take x = 1

x4 + x2 + 1 1 + 1 + 1 3
= = = 1
x2 + x + 1 1 + 1 + 1 3
x=1
(A) x 2 + x + 1 → 1+1+1 = 3
61
 TNPSC èí‚°

(B) x 2 − x + 1 → 1-1+1 = 1
The correct answer is x 2 − x + 1

5. If a + b = 5 and a - b = 1. Find a x b ?
a + b = 5, a - b = 1 âQ™ a x b &¡ ñFŠ¹ ò£¶ ? (Ü) Þó‡´

L
â‡èO¡ Ã´î™ 5. ÜõŸP¡ MˆFò£ê‹ 1 âQ™
Üšªõ‡èO¡ ªð¼‚èŸðô¡ ò£¶ ?

A
a + b = 5 →1

RI
a - b = 1 →2
2a = 6
a = 6/2 TE
a = 3 substitude in 1
a+b=5-3+b=5
b=5-3
b=2
A
axb=3 x2
axb=6
M

6. Simplify (²¼‚°è) : 29 − 13 + 9
C

= 29 − 13 + 3
= 29 − 16
PS

= 29 − 4
= 25
TN

=5

7. Simplify (²¼‚°è) : 1
1
1+
1
1+
1
1+
7
1 8
1+ =
7 7
62
 TNPSC èí‚°

1
1
=
1+
1 1 7
1+ =
8 8 8
7 7

L
1

A
1
1+
= 7 15
7 1+ =
1+ 8 8

RI
8
1
1
=
1+ 1 8
TE
15 =
15 15
8
8
1
A
=8
1+
M

15
1 8 23
23
= 1+ =
15 15
C

15
PS

15 1 15
= =
23 23 23
15
TN

1
1
8. Simplify (²¼‚°è):
2+
2
1+
1
2+
3

63
 TNPSC èí‚°

1
1
2+
=2
1+
7
3

L
1
= 1
2+

A
1+ 2 3 ( 7)

RI
1
=
1
2+
6
1+
7
TE
1
=
1
2+
A
13
7
M

1 1
⇒
2+7
= 33
13
13
13
C

=
33
PS

9. FindLCM:(e.C.ñ.裇è.). (2 x 2 − 8),(3x 2 − 8),(3x 2 − 9 x + 6)

(A) 2(x+2)(x+1)(x-1)(x+3)
(B) 3(x-2)(x+1)(x+3)(x-1)
TN

(C) 6(x-2)(x+2)(6x+1)(x-2)
(D) 6(x+2)(x-1)(x-2)(x+3)
Take x = 3 in question.
[2(9)-8], [3(9)-8],[3(9)-9(3)+6]
=[18-8], [27-8], [27-27+6]
=(10), (19), (6)

LCM 2 10,19,6
5, 19, 3 64
 TNPSC èí‚°

LCM = 2 x 5 x 19 x 3
(C) 6(x - 2)(x + 2)(6x + 1)(x - 2)
x=3
= 6(3-2)(5)(19)(3)
= 6(5) (19) (3)
LCM = (C) → The value same.

L
A
5+ 7 5− 7
10. Simplity : +
5−7 5+ 7

RI
5+ 7
Take
5−7 TE
conjucate

5+ 7 5+ 7 ( a + b) 2
x ⇒
A
5−7 5+ 7 ( a + b)( a − b)
25 + 7 + 10 7
M

=
25 − 7
32 + 10 7
= (left side only) →1
18
C

5+ 7 5− 7
=x
PS

5−7 5− 7
25 + 7 − 10 7
=
25 − 7
TN

32 − 10 7
= (Right side only) →2
18
Add 1 + 2

32 + 10 7 + 32 − 10 7
=
18
64 32
= =
18 9
65
 TNPSC èí‚°

Short cut
• 64 = 8
2
• 2
0.64 = 0.8 ⇒ = 1
2
6

L
• 3
0.000027= 0.03 ⇒ = 2
3

A
(Note : 6 â¡ð¶ âˆî¬ù â‡è¬÷ îœO ¹œO àœ÷¶
â¡ð‹. 3 â¡ð¶ èíÍôñ£°‹)

RI
• 8
0.00000004 ⇒ 4
=
2 TE
= 0.0002
(Note : 8 â¡ð¶ âˆî¬ù â‡è¬÷ îœO ¹œO àœ÷¶
â¡ð‹. 2 â¡ð¶ õ˜‚èñ£°‹)
A
• 6
3
0.000125 ⇒ 2
=
3
M

= 0.05
(Note : 6 â¡ð¶ âˆî¬ù â‡è¬÷ îœO ¹œO àœ÷¶
â¡ð‹. 3 â¡ð¶ èíÍôñ£°‹)
C

• 6
2
0.000625 ⇒ 3
=
PS

2
= 0.025
TN

0.0081 x 0.0121
•
0.0064 x 0.0036
0.09 x 0.11
=
0.08 x 0.06

• 9
3
0.000000625 ⇒ =3
3
= 0.025
66
 TNPSC èí‚°

x 6
11. If 1 + =find x = ?
25 5
Short cut

L
x ( common ) z
If 1+ = z+ y
=

A
2
y ( anyvalue ) y
The ans is 6 + 5 = 11

RI
(Note : z â¡ð¶ y J¡ Ü´ˆî â‡í£°‹.)

Another way

x 62
TE
1+ =2
25 x 536
1+ =
A
= 25 25
25 + x 36
= =
M

25 25
x 36 − 25
=
x = 11
C

x 11
PS

12. If 1+ =find x = ?
100 10
= 11 + 10
= 21
TN

Another way
100 + x 121
=
100 100
x 121 − 100
=
x = 21

67
 TNPSC èí‚°

x 5
13. If 1+ =find x = ?
16 4
=5+4
=9

L
Another way
x 5

A
1+ =
16 4

RI
x 25
1+ =
= 16 16
16 + x 25 TE
=
= 16 16
x 25 − 16
=
x=9
A
BODMAS using simplification :
M

Bracket of Division Multiplication Addition Subtraction = BODMAS

9 4 3 2
48 ÷ 12 x  of ÷ of 
8 3 4 3
C

1. Simplify :
PS

3
9 4 3 2
= 48 ÷ 12 x  of ÷ of 
 82 3 4 3 
2
TN

3 1
= 48 ÷ 12 x  ÷ 
2 2
= 48 ÷ 12 x 3 x 2
2 1
= 48 ÷ 12 x 3
=4x3
= 12

68
 TNPSC èí‚°

2. Simplify (²¼‚°è) :

 1  1 1  1 1 1  
3 4 ÷ 1 4 − 2  2 2 − 4 − 6  
    

L
1 1 6−4 2 1

A
− = = =
4 6 24 24 2

RI
 1  1 1  1 1  
= 3 ÷ 1 −  2 −  
 4  4 2  2 12  TE
 1  1 1  5 1  
= 3 ÷ 1 −  −  
 4  4 2  2 12  
A
 5 1  60 − 2 58 29
M

⇒ − = = =
 2 12  24 24 12

 1  1 1  29  
C

= 3 ÷ 1 − x   
 4  4 2  12  
PS

 1  5 29 
= 3 ÷  − 
 4  4 24 
TN

 1  30 29 
= 3 ÷  − 
 4  24 24 

 1 1
= 3 ÷ 
 4 24 

69
 TNPSC èí‚°

 13 24 
= x 
4 1

= 78

L
1 1 1 1
3. +
Simplify (²¼‚°è): + +.....+

A
1x2 2x3 3x4 99 x 100
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= − + − + − + .... −

RI
1 2 2 3 3 4 99 100
1
= 1−
100 TE
100 − 1
=
100
99
A
=
100
M

1 1 1 1
4. Simplify : + + +
1x2x3 2x3x4 3x4x5 4x5x6
C

4x5x6+1x5x6+1x2x6+1x2x3
=
1x2x3x4x5x6
PS

120 + 30 + 12 + 6 168
= =
720 720
TN

7
=
30

70
 TN
PS
C
M

71
A
TE
RI
TNPSC

A
èí‚°

L
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Percentage
êîMAî‹

72
 TNPSC èí‚°

êîMAî‹/Percentage
current marks
=% x100
Total marks

L
1. Raju scored 60 marks out of 75. Find the % ?
75 ñFŠªð‡èÀ‚° ó£ü¨ 60 ñFŠªð‡èœ ªðŸø£˜

A
âQ™ êîiî‹ â¡ù ?
20
4

RI
60
x 100 = 80%
75
3
2.
TE
Total marks = 100, 150, 200
scores = 60%. 70%, 80%
ÞõŸP¡ êó£êK 裇è -?
Average percentage ?
A
60 + 70 + 80
Average =
3
210
M

=
3

Average percentage = 70%

C

3. Tamil English Maths

PS

Score 60% 70% 80%

Total 100 150 200

60
TN

T= x 100 = 60
100

35
3
70
E= x 150 = 105
100
2
2
80
M= x 200 = 160
100
73
 TNPSC èí‚°

60 + 105 + 160 325

Average marks = =
3 3
= 108.33

L
4. What percentage if a day of 5 hrs. ?
å¼ ï£O™ 5 ñE «ïó‹ â¡ð¶ âˆî¬ù % -?

A
1 day → 24 hours

25

RI
5 125
x 100 =
24 6
6
= 20.8%
(or)
TE
5
= 20 %
A
6
M

5. å¼ °÷ˆF™ 10,000 𣂯Kò£ àœ÷¶. 1 ñE

«ïóˆF™ 5%, 2 ñE «ïóˆF™ 6%, 3 ñE «ïóˆF™ 10%
ÜFèK‚Aø¶. Í¡Á ñE «ïó‹ èNˆ¶ Ü‚°÷ˆF™
âˆî¬ù 𣂯Kò£‚èœ Þ¼‚°‹.
C

105 106 110

10,000 x x x
PS

100 100 100

105 x 106 x 11
=
10
TN

11130 x11
=
10
=1113 x 11
=12,243

6. (Same question) After 3 hrs bacteria 12,243.

Before 3 hrs = x

74
 TNPSC èí‚°

105 106 110

xx x x = 12,243
100 100 100
x = 10,000

1 1

L
7. 8 metres is what percent of 11 meters ?
2 3

A
1 1
8 e â¡ð¶ 11 e†ìK™ âˆî¬ù êîiî‹ ?

RI
2 3

1
8 TE
2 x 100
1
11
3
A
17
= 2 x 100
34
M

17 3 25
= x x 100
2 34
C

2
PS

= 75%

8. Find the value of 0.8% of 40 kg?

40 kg &¡ 0.8% ñFð¹ ò£¶ ?
TN

0.8
40 x
100
= 4 x 0.08
= 0.32kg

9. Machine rate (Þò‰FóˆF¡ M¬ô)  20,000

10% depreciates («îŒñ£ù‹)

75
 TNPSC èí‚°

After 3 years, machine rate = ?

90 90 90
20,000 x x x
100 100 100

L
=2 x 9 x 9 x 90
=14,580

A
10. A washing machine was sold at Rs. 15,000 after giving succes-

RI
sive discount of 15% and 25% respectively what was the marked
price?
ªî£ì˜ îœÀð®èœ º¬ø«ò 15% ñŸÁ‹ 25% ªêŒ¶ å¼
TE
êô¬õ Þò‰Fó‹ Ï. 15,000 ‚° MŸèŠð†ì¶ âQ™ Üî¡
°Pˆî M¬ô ò£¶ ?
marked price = x
100-15 100-25
xx x =15,000
A
100 100
M

85 75
xx x =15,000
100 100

C

1
100 100
x = 15,000x x
PS

85 75
5
20 20
100 100
TN

x = 1000x x
85 5
17
1000 x 20 x 20
x=
17
x = 23,530

11, What percent is 15 paise of 3 rupees 45 paise ?

3 Ï𣌠45 ¬ðê£M™ 15 ¬ðê£ âˆî¬ù êîiî‹ ?

76
 TNPSC èí‚°

15 ¬ðê£ x 100
3Ï. 45 ¬ðê£
100 ¬ðê£ = 1 Ï.
15
= x 100
345

L
23

A
100
=
23

RI
8
=4 %
23 TE
12, Total Students (exam) = 250
Pass («î˜¾) = 225
A
Fail percentage = ?
Total Students - Pass = Fail
250 - 225 = 25
M

25
= x 100
250
C

Fail percentage = 10%

PS

13, 20% Orange out of 350 are rotten. How many oranges are in good
condition ?
350 Ýó…² ðöƒèO™ 20% Ü¿AM†ì¶ âQ™ ï™ô
TN

Ýó…²èœ âˆî¬ù ?

80
350 x
100
= 270 Good condition orange.

14. EMI based sums.

T.V. orginal price = 30,000 (Direct price)
EMI Interest = 10% per year.
24 months EMI → 2 year
77
 TNPSC èí‚°

Monthly Installment = ?
ñ£î ê‰î£ ªî£¬è = ?

2 year EMI Interest

10

L
30,000 x =3000
100

A
2 year → 6000
Orginal price + EMI for 2 years

RI
= 30,000 + 6000
= 36,000

Monthly Installment TE
36000 1500
=
24 month
A
15. The above question is same but 1½ yrs EMI = ?
M

1 year = 3000
1½ year = 4500
Orginal price + EMI for 1½ years
= 30,000 + 4500
C

= 34,500
PS

16. 2020 city population → 2,50,000

1 and 2 year 8% and 10%
2020 popumation = ?
TN

108 110
=250,000 x x
100 100
=25 x108 x 110
= 2,97,000

17. The number which exceeds 16% of 42 is ?

å¼ â‡E™ 16% °¬ø‚è A¬ìŠð¶ 42 âQ™ Üšªõ‡
ò£¶ ?

78
 TNPSC èí‚°

16
x− x= 42
100
100 x − 16 x =4200
84 x = 4200
4200

L
x=
84

A
x = 50

RI
Short cut :
100% − 16% =
8.4%
84% x = 42 TE
84
x = 42
100
A
42 x 100
x=
84
M

x = 50

18. If y % of x is 50 and z % of y is 25, then the relation between x and

z
C

x ¡ y êîiî‹ 50 âù¾‹, y ¡ z êîiî‹ 25 âQ™ x ‚°‹

z ‚°‹ àœ÷ ªî£ì˜¹ -?
PS

y
x 50 → 1
x=
100
TN

z
x=
y 25 → 2
100
Divide 1 & 2
x
100 = 50
z 25
100

79
 TNPSC èí‚°

x 100 50
x =
100 z 25
x 2
=
z 1
x = 2z

L
A
19. 5 out of 1250 part of Earth is silver. What is the % of Silver in
earth ?

RI
ÌIJ™ 1250 ð£èˆF™ 5 ð£è‹ C™õ˜ àœ÷¶ âQ™
ÌIJ™ âˆî¬ù êîiî‹ C™õ˜ àœ÷¶ ?
5
x 100
1250 TE
25
2
= %
5
A
4 th
M

20. If 40% of of a number is 32. Then find the number ?

5 4
å¼ â‡E¡ ðƒA™ 40% ¡ ñFŠ¹ 32 âQ™, ܉î
5
⇠ò£¶ ?
C

40 4
x x x = 32
100 5
PS

2
8 100 5
TN

x = 32 x x
40 4
x = 100

21. In an Exam 40% of students passed and 180 failed. Total no of

students appeared for the Exam is ?
å¼ «î˜M™ 40% ñ£íõ˜èœ «î˜„C ªðŸøù˜. 180 «ð˜
«î£™M âQ™ «î˜M™ èô‰¶ªè£‡ì ñ£íõ˜èO¡
â‡E‚¬è ò£¶ ?

80
 TNPSC èí‚°

100% - 40% = 60%

Total students = x
60% →180 fail

60

L
xx = 180
100
30

A
180 x 100
x=
60

RI
x = 30 x 10
x = 300 → Total students
«î˜„C ªðŸ«ø£K¡ â‡E‚¬è
TE
40
A
300 x
100
M

= 120 students (pass)

22. Value of 28% of 450 + 45% of 280 is

C

28% Þ™ 450+45% Þ™ 280 ¡ ñFŠ¹ ò£¶ ?

PS

28 45
= x 450+ x 280
100 100
TN

1260 1260
= +
10 10

= 126 + 126
= 252

23. 5% of a number is 250. Find the number ?

æ˜ â‡E™ 5% Ýù¶ 250 âQ™ Üšªõ‡ ò£¶ ?

81
 TNPSC èí‚°

5
x x = 250
100

100
x = 250 x

L
5

A
x = 5000
Ï. 5000/-

RI
24. Which one of the following shows the highest percentage ?
H¡õ¼õùõŸÁœ ⶠàò˜‰î êîiî‹ -?

(A)
1

2
(B)
TE (C)
3
(D)
1
3 5 4 2
1 1
(A) x 100 → 33 %
A
3 3
2
M

(B) x 100 → 40%

5
3
(C) x 100 → 75% (highest percentage)
4
C

1
(D) x 100 → 50%
PS

2
Ans : (C)
TN

82
 TN
PS
C
M

83
A

Ratio
MAî‹
TE
RI
A
L
 TNPSC èí‚°

Ratio (MAî‹)
Ex.
50, 100, 150
Ratio 1 : 2 : 3

L
♦ Duplicate Ratio - (Þ¼ð® MAî‹)

A
Ex. 2 : 3 → 22 : 32 → Duplicate Ratio
=4:9

RI
♦ Tripplicate Ratio - (º‹ñ® MAî‹)
Ex. 2 : 3 → 23 : 33
= 8 : 27 TE
♦ Sub - Duplicate Ratio - (¶¬í Þ¼ð® MAî‹)
Ex. 4 : 9 → 4 : 9
A
=2:3

♦ Sub-Tripplicate Ratio - (¶¬í º‹ñ® MAî‹)

M

Ex. 8 : 27 → 3 8 : 3 27
=2:3
C

♦ Compounded Ratio - (Æ´ MAî‹)

Ex. (3 : 5), (5 : 7), (7 : 8)
PS

3 5 7 3
== x x
=
5 7 8 8
=3:8
TN

1. Find the largest ratio among.

W›‚裵‹ MAîƒèO™ IèŠ ªðKò¶ ⶠ?
(A) 4 : 5 (B) 8 : 15 (C) 3 : 10 (D) 1 : 2
4 20
(A) ⇒ x 100=80%
5
20
8 160
(B) ⇒ x=
100 53%
=
15 3
3
84
 TNPSC èí‚°

3
(C) ⇒ x 100 =30%
10
1
(D) ⇒ x 100 = 50%
2

L
The largest Ratio is 4 : 5

A
Shortcut
Take (A) & (B)

RI
4 8
= 60, 40
5 15 Big TE
Take (C) and (D)
3 1
= 6, 10
10 2 Big
A
Take (A) & (D)
4 1
= 8, 5
M

5 2 Big
Ans : (A) 4 : 5
C

2. 21 : x = y : 25 = 9 : 15
x, y = ?
PS

Compare 21: x = 9 : 15
21 x 15 = 9 x x
7 5
21 x 15
x=
TN

93
x = 35

Compare y : 25 = 9 : 15
15 x y = 25 x 9
5 3
25 x 9
y=
15 3
y = 15
85
 TNPSC èí‚°

3. If m : n = 1 : 2 find the ratio 5m + 4n

5m − 4n
m : n = 1 : 2 âQ™ 5m + 4n &¡ MAî‹ ò£¶ ?
5m − 4n

L
m 1,=
= n 2

A
5(1) + 4(2) 5 + 8 13
= =
5(1) − 4(2) 5 − 8 −3

RI
= 13 : −3

4. 32 : 13 : : 29 : ?
(A) 10 (B) 85
TE (C) 42 (D) 12
32 + 22 = 13
9 + 4 = 13
A
22+92 = 4 + 81 = 85

5. Find the ratio of 8 months to 1 year ?

M

8 ñ£îˆFŸ°‹ 1 õ¼ìˆFŸ°‹ àœ÷ MAî‹ ò£¶ ?

1 year = 12 months
8 : 12
C

2:3
PS

6. The difference between two whole numbers is 72. The ratio of

the two numbers is 3 : 5. Find the two numbers ?
Þ¼ º¿ â‡èO¡ MˆFò£ê‹ 72. ÜõŸP¡ MAî‹ 3:5.
âQ™ Üšªõ‡èœ ò£¬õ ?
TN

Ratio 3 : 5

3x,5 x
3x − 5 x = 72
2 x = 72
x = 36
3( x ) 3(36)
= = 108
5( x ) 5(36)
= = 180
86
 TNPSC èí‚°

7. Mohan and Sudha divide a sum of Rs, 20,000 in the ratio 3 : 2.

What is the ratio of Mohan and Sudha. If Rs.5000 is added to
each their shares ?
Mohan + Sudha = 20,000
Ratio =3:2
3x + 2x = 20,000

L
5x = 20,000

A
20,000
x=
5

RI
x = 4000
TE
Mohan = 3x = 3(4000) = 12000
Sudha = 2x = 2(4000) = 8000

Latest = 12000 + 5000

A
Mohan = 17000
Sudha = 8000 + 5000 = 13000
17000 : 13000 = 17 : 13
M

8. Simplify (²¼‚°è.)
1 Hectare = 250 m2
1ªý‚«ì˜ = 250 m2
C

Note :
1 Hectare = 10,000m2
PS

10,000 m2 : 250 m2
1000 : 25
40 : 1
TN

9. In a mixture of 60L the ratio of milk and water is 2:1. In the ratio
of Milk and water is to be 1 : 2 then the amount of water to be
added to the mixture is ?
60 L. èô¬õJ™ 𣙠ñŸÁ‹ cK¡ iî‹ 2:1 𣙠ñŸÁ‹
cK¡ MAî‹ 1:2 Ýè èô¬õJ™ «ê˜‚è «õ‡®ò cK¡
Ü÷¾ ò£¶ ?
Milk : Water (original)
2:1
40 : 20 → 60 L†ì˜
87
 TNPSC èí‚°

Latest 1 : 2
Milk : Water
40 : 80
80-20 = 60 L†ì˜ c˜ «ê˜‚è «õ‡´‹

L
1 3 1 5 5 3
10. If A : B = : B:C = : C:D= :
2 8 3 9 6 4

A
Then the ratio of A : B : C : D = ?
(A) 4 : 6 : 8 : 10 (B) 6 : 4 : 8 : 10

RI
(C) 6 : 8 : 9 : 10 (D) 8 : 6 : 10 : 9

1 3 TE
Take A=
:B =: 8:6
2 8
A is big. So A & C cancel
A
5 3
Take C=
:D =: 20 :18
6 4
M

C is big. So option (D) is correct.

1 1 1 1
C

11. If : = : Then find the value of x = ?

5 x x 1.25
PS

1 1 1 1
: = : âQ™ x ¡ ñFŠ¹ â¡ù ?
5 x x 1.25
1 1 1 1
: = :
TN

5 x x 1.25
1 1 1 1
x = x
5 1.25 x x
x 2 = 5 x 1.25
x 2 = 6.25
x = 6.25
x = 2.5

88
 TNPSC èí‚°

12. If A : B = 2 : 3 and B : C = 5 : 7. Find i) A : B : C = ? ii) A : C = ?

A B C
2 : 3

5 : 7

L
10 : 15 : 21

A
i) A : B : C = 10 : 15 : 21
ii) A : C = 10 : 21

RI
A 2 B 5
13. If = and = Find i) A : B : C = ? ii) A : C = ?
B 3 C 7 TE
A B C
2 : 3
A
5 : 7
10 : 15 : 21
M

i) A : B : C = 10 : 15 : 21
ii) A : C = 10 : 21

14.
The equivalent ratio of 3 : 5 is
C

(A) 9 : 10 (B) 9 ; 15 (C) 10 : 17

(D) 10 : 19
PS

3 : 5 â¡ø MAîˆFŸ° êññ£ù MAî‹ ò£¶ ?

Ans: (B) 9 : 15  3x3=9
5 x 3 = 15
TN

15. Weekly income of two persons are in the ratio of 7 : 3 and their
weekly expenses are in the ratio of 5 : 2. If each of them saves
Rs. 300/week. Then the weekly income of the first person
Þó‡´ ïð˜èO¡ õ£ó õ¼ñ£ù‹ 7:3 â¡ø MAîˆF™, õ£ó
ªêô¾ 5:2 â¡ø MAîˆF½‹ àœ÷¶. Üõ˜èO¡ õ£ó
«êIŠ¹ îô£ Ï. 300 âQ™ ºî™ ïðK¡ õ£ó õ¼ñ£ù‹
ò£¶ ?
õ¼ñ£ù‹ x
ªêô¾ y

89
 TNPSC èí‚°

7x - 5y = 300 → 1 x 2
3x - 2y = 300 → 2 x 5

14x - 10y = 600

15x - 10y = 1500
(-) (+) (-)

L
-x = -900

A
x = 900
ºî™ ïðK¡ õ¼ñ£ù‹ = 7x

RI
weekly salary of First person
= 7(900)
= 6300

16.
TE
The ratio of boys to girls in a class is 6 : 5. If the number of boys
is 30. Find the number of girls ?
å¼ õ°ŠH™ àœ÷ ñ£íõ ñ£íMèO¡ MAî‹ 6:5.
A
ñ£íõ˜èO¡ â‡E‚¬è 30 âQ™ ñ£íMèO¡
â‡E‚¬è ò£¶ ?
boys = 6x
M

girls = 5x
6x = 30

30
C

x=
6
PS

ñ£íMèœ 5x
= 5(5)
= 25.
TN

17. A ribbon is cut into 3 pieces. The ratio 2 : 3 : 5. If the total length
of the ribbon is 60 m. Find length of each piece respectively.
60 e c÷ºœ÷ å¼ KŠð¡ 2 : 3 : 5 â¡ø MAîˆF™ Í¡Á
¶‡´è÷£è ªõ†ìŠð´Aø¶ âQ™ 嚪õ£¼ ¶‡®¡
c÷‹ º¬ø«ò â¡ù ?
2x + 3x + 5x = 60
10x = 60
x=6
2x = 2(6) = 12 e

90
 TNPSC èí‚°

3x = 3(6) = 18 e
5x = 5(6) = 30 e

18. A â¡ø °´¬õJ™ 𣽋, c¼‹ 5 : 2 â¡ø MAîˆF½‹, B

â¡ø °´¬õJ™ 7 : 6 â¡ø MAîˆF½‹ àœ÷¶. A ñŸÁ‹
B °´¬õJ™ àœ÷ 𣽋, c¼‹ C â¡ø °´¬õJ™

L
áŸPò Hø° ÜõŸø¡ MAî‹ 8 : 5 âQ™ A : B = ?
A B

A
M:W M:W

RI
5:2 C 7:6

M:W
8:5 TE
8 8
13 13
A
8
13
M

A : B
C

5 8 65 − 56 9
A= − = =
7 13 91 91
PS

7 8 1
B= − =
13 13 13
TN

A: B

9 1 7
: x
91 13 7
9 7
:
91 91
9:7

19. In a bag there are coins of 25 p., 10 p., 5p. in the ratio of 1 : 2 : 3.
91
 TNPSC èí‚°

If there is Rs. 30 in all. How many 5 paise coins are there ?

å¼ ¬ðJ™ 25 p., 10 p., 5p. ÝAò ï£íòƒèœ 1 : 2 : 3 â¡ø
MAîˆF™ àœ÷ù. ÜõŸP¡ ªñ£ˆî ñFŠ¹ 30 âQ™ 5
¬ðê£ ï£íòˆF¡ â‡E‚¬è ò£¶ ?

1x 2 x 3 x

L
+ + 30
=
4 10 20

A
5 x + 4 x + 3x
= 30

RI
20
5 x + 4 x + 3x =
600
12 x = 600 TE
600
x=
12
A
x = 50
M

Numbers of 5 paise coins = 3x

= 3(50)
= 150 coins
C

Proportion
1. 4th proportion (4Ý‹ MAî êñ‹)
PS

2, 3, 4 -¡ 4th proportion ò£¶ ?

2:3=4:x
2x = 12
x=6
TN

2. 3rd proportion (3Ý‹ MAî êñ‹)

Find the 3rd proportion of 2, 4 ?
2, 4 ¡ 3 ‹ MAî êñ‹ ò£¶ ?
2:4=4:x
2x = 4 x 4
2x = 16
x=8

3. Mean proportion (êó£êK MAî êñ‹)

92
 TNPSC èí‚°

9, 4 - ¡ êó£êK MAî‹ ò£¶ ?

Find mean proportion of 9, 4 ?
a xb
a 9,=
= b 4

9x4 = 36

L
=6

A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

93
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Average
êó£êK

94
 TNPSC èí‚°

Average /êó£êK
Total
Average =
No.of. items
ôî™

L
êó£êK =
àÁŠ¹èO¡ â‡E‚¬è

A
1. 1 + 2 + 3 + ....... + n
ªî£ì˜ Þò™ â‡èœ
Ex. ºî™ 100 Þò™ â‡èO¡ êó£êK â¡ù ?

RI
Find the average of 1st 100 continues natural numbers ?

n + 1 100 + 1 101 TE
= = = 50.5
2 2 2

2. 1 + 3 + 5 + ...... + 51
A
ªî£ì˜ 埬ø Þò™ â‡èO¡ êó£êK â¡ù ?

n + 1 51 + 1 52
M

= = = 26
2 2 2
C

3. 12+22+32+ ....... +n2

ªî£ì˜ Þò™ â‡èO¡ õ˜‚èƒèO¡ êó£êK â¡ù ?
PS

( n + 1)(2n + 1)
Average (êó£êK) =
6
e.g : 12+22+32+ ....... +202
TN

(20 + 1)(40 + 1) 21 x 41 287

= = =
6 6 2
= 143.5

4. 13+23+33+.....+n3
ªî£ì˜ Þò™ â‡èO¡ èíƒèO¡ ôî™

n( n + 1) 2
Avg. (êó£êK) =
4
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 TNPSC èí‚°

The average 1st 20. Sum of cubes of natural number.

Ex. ºî™ 20 ªî£ì˜ Þò™ â‡èO¡ èíƒèO¡ êó£êK.
13+23+33+ .... + 203

20(20 + 1) 2

L
= ⇒ 5(21) 2 =
5x 441
4

A
= 2205

RI
5. 5 ªî£ì˜ Þó†¬ì â‡èO¡ êó£êK 18 âQ™ I芪ðKò
⇠ò£¶ ?
The Average 5 continuous even numbers is 18. Find the largest
number ? TE
Ans : ºîL™ 5 ¹œOè¬÷ ¬õ‚è.
,
,
A
,
,
,
M

Ü´ˆ¶ êó£êK 18ä ï´Š¹œO‚° «ï˜ ¬õ‚è.

,
,
C

, 18
,
,
PS

18‚° «ñ™ ñŸÁ‹ W› Þó†¬ì â‡è¬÷ GóŠ¹è.

• 14
TN

• 16
• 18
• 20
• 22 Ans : 22

6 ªî£ì˜ Þó†¬ì â‡èO¡ êó£êK 19 âQ™ I芪ðKò

⇠ò£¶ ?

96
 TNPSC èí‚°

The Average 6 continuous even numbers is 19. Find the largest

number ?
êó£êK 19
Ans : Þƒ° 6 ¹œO‚° ñˆFJ™ 19ä °P‚辋. 19‚°
«ñ½‹ W¿‹ Þó†¬ì â‡è¬÷ GóŠð¾‹.

L
• 14
• 16

A
• 18
19

RI
• 20
• 22
• 24 TE
Ans : 24

6.5 ªî£ì˜ Þó†¬ì â‡èO¡ êó£êK 15 âQ™ I芪ðKò

⇠ò£¶ ?
A
The Average 5 continuous even numbers is 15. Find the largest
number ?

M

êó£êK = 15

• 11
• 13
C

• 15
• 17
PS

• 19 Ans : 19

6 ªî£ì˜ Þó†¬ì â‡èO¡ êó£êK 16 âQ™ I芪ðKò

TN

⇠ò£¶ ?
The Average 6 continuous even numbers is 16. Find the largest
number ?
êó£êK = 16.

97
 TNPSC èí‚°

• 11
• 13
• 15
16
• 17

L
• 19
• 21
Ans : 21

A
7. 40 ñ£íõ˜èO¡ êó£êK õò¶ 15. ÝCKò˜ õò¬î «ê˜ˆî£™

RI
êó£êK 1 àò˜Aø¶. âQ™, ÝCKòK¡ õò¶ â¡ù ?
The average age of 40 students in a class room is 15 years. If the
age of the teacher is to be included with the students the average
TE
will be increased by 1. Find the age of teacher ?

Students Average Age

A
40 x 15 = 600
+
M

41 x 16 = 656
56
C

40 ñ£íõ˜èO¡ êó£êK õò¶ 15. ÝCKò˜ õò¬î «ê˜ˆî£™

PS

êó£êK 2 àò˜Aø¶. âQ™, ÝCKòK¡ õò¶ â¡ù ?

The average age of 40 students in a class room is 15 years. If the
age of the teacher is to be included with the students the average
will be increased by 2. Find the age of teacher ?
TN

Students - 40 Average Age = 15

Teacher - +1 +2
40 x 15 = 600

41 x 17 = 697
97

Short cut :
98
 TNPSC èí‚°

40 x 15

41x 2 x 17

L
Ans : 41 x 2 + 15 = 97

A
8. Arithmetic mean of the values 9, 6, 7, 8, 5 and x is 8, then the

RI
value of x is
9, 6, 7, 8, 5 ñŸÁ‹ x ÝAòõŸP¡ Æ´ êó£êK 8 âQ™
x ¡ ñFŠ¹ ?

Average :
Total
TE
no. of items
9+6+7+8+5+x 35 + x
8= =
A
6 6
35 + x
= 8  35 + x = 8 x 6  35 + x = 48
M

6
x = 48 - 35
x = 13
C

9. Three numbers are in the ratio 3 : 5 : 7 and their average is 60.

PS

Find the largest number ?

Í¡Á â‡èœ 3 : 5 : 7 â¡ø MAîˆF™ àœ÷ù. ÜõŸP™
êó£êK 60 âQ™ Üšªõ‡èO™ I芪ðKò ⇠ò£¶ ?
TN

Total
Average :
no. of items
3x+ 5x +7x
60 =
3
15x
60 =
3
15x = 180

60 12
x= 180
15
5 99
 TNPSC èí‚°

x = 12

(3x - Iè„CPò â‡, 5x, 7x I芪ðKò â‡)

Largest number = 7 x 12 = 84

L
10. Example :
C.S.K.

A
10 over = 86 score
Total score 86
Run Rate = = = 8.6

RI
No.of overs 10
In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the Run Rate was only 3.2.
What should be the run rate in the remaining 40 overs to reach
TE
the target of 282 runs ?
å¼ AK‚ªè† M¬÷ò£†®™ ºî™ 10 æõ˜èO¡ æ†ì
iî‹ 3.2 âQ™ 282 â¡ø Þô‚¬è ܬìò e÷ 40
æõ˜èO¡ æ†ì MAî‹ â¡ù ?
A
Total score 282-32 250
Run Rate = = =
M

No.of overs 40 40
Run rate = 6.25

11. The monthly income of 6 families are Rs. 3500, Rs. 2700, Rs.
C

6000, Rs. 2800. Rs. 3900 and Rs. 2100. Find the mean Income ?
ÝÁ °´‹ðƒèO¡ ñ£î õ¼ñ£ùƒèœ º¬ø«ò Ï. 3500,
PS

Ï. 2700, Ï. 6000, Ï. 2800, Ï. 3900 ñŸÁ‹ Ï. 2100

âQ™ êó£êK õ¼ñ£ù‹ â¡ù ?
TN

ôî™
Average =
â‡E‚¬è
3500+2700+6000+2800+3900+2100
= 6
21000
= = 3500
6
12. The mean mark of 100 students was found to be 40. Later on it
was found instead of a score of 53 was misreed as 83. Find the

100
 TNPSC èí‚°

correct mean corresponding to the correct score ?

100 ñ£íõ˜èO¡ ñFŠªð‡èO¡ êó£êK 40, H¡¹ 53
â¡ø ñFŠªð‡ 83 â¡Á îõÁîô£è â´‚èŠð†ì¶ ªîKò
õ‰î¶. êKò£ù ñFŠªð‡ ªè£‡´ êKò£ù êó£êK¬ò‚
裇?

L
Step :
correct value (êKò£ù ñFŠ¹) = 53

A
wrong value (îõø£ù ñFŠ¹) = 83
- 30

RI
- 30 - 30
àÁŠ¹èO¡ â‡E‚¬è = 100 = - 0.3
Latest Average = 40 - 0.3 = 39.7
TE
13. The mean mark of 100 students was found to be 40. Later on it
was found instead of a score of 83 was misreed as 53. Find the
correct mean corresponding to the correct score ?
A
100 ñ£íõ˜èO¡ ñFŠªð‡èO¡ êó£êK 40, H¡¹ 83
â¡ø ñFŠªð‡ 53 â¡Á îõÁîô£è â´‚èŠð†ì¶ ªîKò
M

õ‰î¶. êKò£ù ñFŠªð‡ ªè£‡´ êKò£ù êó£êK¬ò‚

裇?

correct value (îõø£ù ñFŠ¹) = 83

C

wrong value (êKò£ù ñFŠ¹) = 53

+ 30
PS

+30
= = + 0.3
100
TN

Latest Average = 40 + 0.3 = 40.3

14. The marks obtained by 10 students in a test are 16, 14, 20, 60, 40,
17, 13. 18, 12, 50. Find the arithmetic mean ?
å¼ «î˜M™ 10 ñ£íõ˜èO¡ ñFŠªð‡èœ 16, 14, 20,
60, 40, 17, 13, 18, 12, 50 âQ™ Æ´ êó£êK ò£¶?
Total marks 260
Arithmetic mean (Æ´ êó£êK) = =
no. of students 10

101
 TNPSC èí‚°

= 26

15. The man completes 30 km of a journey at 6 km/h and the remain-

ing 40 km in 5 hours. Calculate his average speed for the whole
journey ?
å¼õ˜ 30 A.e. Éóˆ¬î 6 A.e. /ñE «õèˆF™ èì‚Aø£˜.

L
e÷ 40 A.e. Éóˆ¬î 5 ñE «ïóˆF™ èì‚Aø£˜ âQ™
Üõ¼¬ìò ªñ£ˆî ðòíˆF¡ êó£êK «õè‹ â¡ù ?

A
Distance 70 km
Speed = Time = 10 hrs

RI
How to calculate time ?
30 km TE
6 km/hr = 5 hrs.
Éó‹ 70 km
«õè‹ = = 10 hrs
«ïó‹
A
= 7 km/h
M

16. The mean of 5 numbers is 25. If one of the number is excluded

then the man becomes 20 the excluded number is ?
5 â‡èO¡ Æ´ êó£êK 25. å¼ â‡¬í c‚Aù£™
C

ÜõŸP¡ Æ´„êó£êK 20 âQ™ c‚èŠð†ì ⇠â¶?

5 x 25 = 125
PS

4 x 20 = 80 (-)
45
c‚èŠð†ì ⇠= 45
TN

The excluded number is 45

17. What is the mean of all two digit numbers ?

ܬùˆ¶ ßKô‚è â‡èO¡ êó£êK â¡ù ?

10 + 11 + 12 + 13 + ....... + 99

Total
Average =
no. of items

102
 TNPSC èí‚°

50
n(n+1) 99 x 100
1 + 2 + 3 + ..... + 99 = 2 = = 4950
2
5
n(n+1) 9 x 10
1 + 2 + 3 + .... + 9 = 2 = = 45
2

L
4950 99

A
45 (-) 9 (-)
4905 90

RI
4905
Average = 90 = 54.5
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

103
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Profit & Loss

(Þô£ð‹ (ñ) ï†ì‹)

104
 TNPSC èí‚°

Profit & Loss (Þô£ð‹ (ñ) ï†ì‹)

PROFIT (Þô£ð‹)

♦ Profit = S.P. - C.P.

L
Þô£ð‹ = MŸøM¬ô & õ£ƒAò M¬ô

Profit

A
♦ Profit % = x 100
C.P.

RI
Þô£ð‹
Þô£ð % = õ£.M. x 100
C.P. S.P.TE
♦ =
100 100 + Profit %
õ£.M M.M.
=
100 100 + Þô£ð %
A
100 + Gain %
♦ M.P. = x C.P.
M

100 - Discount %
100 + Þô£ð %
°Pˆî M¬ô = x M.M.
100 - îœÀð® %
C

LOSS (ï†ì‹)
PS

♦ LOSS = C.P. = S.P.

ï†ì‹ = õ£.M. & M.M.
TN

Loss x 100
♦ Loss % = C.P.
ï†ì‹
ï†ì % = x 100
õ£.M.
C.P. S.P.
♦ =
100 100 - Loss %
õ£.M M.M.
=
100 100 - Þô£ð %

105
 TNPSC èí‚°

1. Washing Machine (êô¬õ Þò‰Fó‹)

C.P. (õ£.M.) = Rs. 16,150
Transportation («ð£‚°õóˆ¶ ªêô¾) = Rs. 1350
S.P. (M.M.) = Rs. 19,250
Find Gain (or) Loss % = ?
Þô£ð (Ü) ï†ì % = -?

L
C.P. (õ£.M.) = 16,150 + 1,350 = Rs. 17,500/-

A
S.P. (õ.M.) = 19,250/-
Þô£ð‹
Þô£ð % = õ£.M. x 100

RI
Gain
Gain % = x 100
C.P. TE
1750
= x 100
17500
1
A
= x 100
10
= 10% Gain (Þô£ð‹)
M

2. If the selling price of an LED TV is equal to 5 of its cost price.

Then find gain % ? 4
C

å¼ LED ®M &J¡ MŸøM¬ô õ£ƒAò M¬ô¬òŠ «ð£™

PS

5 ñ샰, âQ™ Þô£ð % â¡ù ?

4 (õ£.M.) = Rs. 100
C.P.

S.P. = 5 times of C.P.

TN

4
25
5
= x 100
4
S.P. = 125
Þô£ð‹
Þô£ð‹ % = x 100
õ£.M.
25
x 100 = 25%
=
100

106
 TNPSC èí‚°

Using No. of Articles (ªð£¼†èO¡ â‡E‚¬è¬ò ðò¡ð´ˆF)

3. The C.P. of 16 boxes of Apples is equal to the S.P. of 20 boxes

Apples. Find the Gain (or) Loss % ?
16 ªð†® ÝŠHœèO¡ õ£.M. 20 ªð†® ÝŠHœèO¡
M.M. êñ‹ âQ™ Þô£ð (Ü) ï†ì% â¡ù ?

L
No. of C.P. Articles (õ£ƒAò ªð£¼†èO¡ â‡E‚¬è) =
16

A
No. of S.P. Articles (M.ªð£.â‡E‚¬è) = 20 MˆFò£ê‹
16 - 20 = - 4 (& â¡ø£™ ï†ì‹)

RI
Difference x 100
Loss % =
No. of S.P. Art
ï†ì % = MˆFò£ê‹ x 100
M.ªð£.â.
TE
5
4 x 100
=
20
A
= 20 % Loss
M

Suppose C.P. of 20 boxes = S.P. of 16 boxes.

No. of C.P. (õ£.ªð£.â.) = 20
No. of S.P. (M.ªð£.â.) = 16 MˆFò£ê‹
C

20 - 16 = 4 (+ â¡ø£™ Þô£ð‹)
Difference x 100
Gain % =
No. of S.P. Art
PS

Þô£ð % = MˆFò£ê‹ x 100

M.ªð£.â.
25
TN

4
= 16 x 100
4
= 25 % Þô£ð‹

4. By selling a bicycle for Rs. 4275, a shop keeper losses 5% for

how much should he sell it to have a profit of 10% ?
å¼ IFõ‡®¬ò Ï. 4275‚° MŸø£™ 5% ï†ì‹
ãŸð´Aø¶. ܶ«õ 10% Þô£ð‹ ªðÁõ âšõ÷¾
107
 TNPSC èí‚°

Ï𣌂° MŸè «õ‡´‹ ?

S.P. S.P.
100 - loss % = 100 + Gain %
4275 S.P.
100 - 5 = 100 + 10

L
4275 S.P.
95 = 110

A
45
S.P. (M.M.) = 4275 x 110

RI
95
= 45 x 100
S.P. = Rs. 4950 TE
100 + Gain %
M.P. = 100 - Disc % x C.P.

C.P. = 8
A
Gain 2%
Discount = 10%
M

M.P. = ?
(°Pˆî M¬ô)

100+20
C

M.P. = 100-10 x 810

PS

120 9
= x 810
90
= M.P. = 1080
TN

Single Discount (埬ø îœÀð®)

1. 20%, 10% ÝAò ªî£ì˜ îœÀð®‚è£ù 埬ø îœÀð®

ò£¶ ?
The Equivalent single discount to the series discount 20% and
10% is ?

20% - 10% → discount

Assume
108
 TNPSC èí‚°

80 90
100 x x =72
100 100
100 - 72 = 28%

80 90 95

L
100 x x x = 68.4
100 100 100

A
100 - 68.4 = 31.6%

RI
2. Bag 10% Increase
10% discount
110 90
100 x x = 99 TE
100 100
100 - 99 = 1% (Loss)

Note : If Loss % and Gain % are same. The result always Loss.
A
M

3. Bag rate 20% Increase

20% Decrease

120 80
C

100 x x = 96
100 100
PS

100 - 96 = 4% (loss)
(same amount of increases and decreases = always loss)
Porfit Loss Result
TN

10% x 10% = 1% loss

20% x 20% = 4% loss
30% x 30% = 9% loss
40% x 40% = 16% loss
50% x 50% = 25% loss
suppose
Profit Loss Result
25% x 25% = 6.25% loss
40% x 40% = 16% loss

109
 TNPSC èí‚°

4. Cost price of 20 Art is equal to S.P. of x Articles Gain % is 25%.

Find number of S.P. Articles ?
20 ªð£¼†èO¡ õ£.M. x â¡ø ªð£¼†èO¡ M.M. êñ‹
âQ™ Þô£ð‹ 25% âQ™ M.ªð£. â‡E‚¬è ò£¶ ?
No. of C.P.Articles (õ£ƒ°‹ ªð£.â.) = 20

L
No. of. S.P. Articles (MŸø ªð£. â.) = x
Gain = 20 - x

A
Note : Loss = x - 20

RI
Difference
Gain % = x 100
No. of S.P. Articles
MˆFò£ê‹ TE
Þô£ð% = x 100
M.ªð£.â.
20 - x
25 = x 100
x
A
25x = (20 - x) 100
25x = 200 - 100 x
M

125x = 2000
x = 16
C
PS
TN

110
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Simple Interest
(îQõ†®)

111
 TNPSC èí‚°

Simple Interest (îQõ†®)

R
♦ S.I. = Pn
100
♦ Amount = P + S.I.

L
ªî£¬è = Üê™ + õ†®

A
Amount
♦ P (Principal) = nR

RI
1+
100

1.
TE
Find the principal that will yield a S.I. of Rs. 300 in 3 years at 2%
rate of interest per annum ?
݇´ õ†®iî‹ 2% iî‹ 3 ݇´èÀ‚° îQõ†®
Ï. 300 âQ™ Üê¬ô‚ 裇è.
A
PnR
SI =
M

100
px3x2
300 =
100
C

100 50
PS

P = 300 x 100
3x2
P = 5000
TN

2. At what rate of S.I. a certain sum will be double in 8 years ?

å¼ °PŠH†ì ªî£¬èò£ù¶ 8 õ¼ìƒèO™ Þ¼ñìƒè£Aø¶
âQ™ õ†®iî‹ ò£¶ ?
PnR
SI =
100
ªî£¬è SI = Amount - P
Note ñ샰 & 1
ñ샰 & 1 2 & 1
Times - 1 = 1
112
 TNPSC èí‚°

1xP=Px8x R
100=100 100
100
R=
8

L
R = 12.5 %

A
16
3. S.I. on a certain is times of the sum. The rate percent, if the
25
rate % and time (in yrs) are equal is ?

RI
16
å¼ ªî£¬è‚è£ù îQõ†® ܈ªî£¬èJ¡ ñ샰.
25
TE
«ñ½‹ õ†® ñŸÁ‹ è£ô‹ êññ£è Þ¼‰î£™ õ†® iî‹
ò£¶ ?
îQõ†®
Note
A
ñ샰
Times
M

õ†® = è£ô‹
C

x = x

PS

R
S.I. = Pn
100
16 P = P x x x x
TN

25 100
x2 =
16 x 100
25
1600
x=
25

40
=
5
x=8%
113
 TNPSC èí‚°

4. Rs. 800 amounts to Rs. 920 in 3 years at S.I. If the interest rate
is increased by 3% it would amounts to?
Ï. 800 Ýù¶ îQõ†®J™ 3 õ¼ìˆF™ Ï., 920 ÝAø¶.
݇´ õ†® 3% àò˜ˆîŠð†ì£™ Ü«î è£ôˆF™
A¬ì‚°‹ ¹Fò ªî£¬è âšõ÷¾ ?

L
S.I. = Pn R increase

A
100

RI
800 x 3 x 3
=
100
S.I. = 72  TE
Old Amount (ð¬öò ªî£¬è) = 920 + 72

New Amount (¹Fò ªî£¬è) = 992

A
5. What will be the amount a man would get, if he invests Rs. 10,000
M

at 9% per annum. S,I. for 3 years ?

å¼õ˜ Ï. 10,000 ä ݇´è‚° 9% îQ õ†® iîˆF™
3 ݇´èÀ‚° ºîh´ ªêŒî£™ Üõ¼‚° A¬ì‚°‹
ªñ£ˆî ªî£¬è âšõ÷¾ ?
C

R
S.I. = Pn
PS

100
10000 x 3 x 9
100
TN

S.I. = 2700
= P + S.I
= 10000 + 2700
= 12,700

2
6. The S.I on Rs. 34,000 at 16 % per annum for 9 months ?
3
2
݇´‚° 16 % iî‹ Ï. 34,000 ‚° 9 ñ£îˆFŸè£ù
3
114
 TNPSC èí‚°

îQõ†® ò£¶ ?

R
S.I. = Pn
100
9 months

L
9 2
S.I. = 34000 x x 16
12 3 x 100

A
9 50
34000 x
= x
12 300

RI
85
9 3 50
34000 x
= x
12 300 TE
4
= 85 x 50
S.I. = 4250

7. A sum of money triples itself at 10% SI per annum over a certain

A
time. Then the number of years is
å¼ °PŠH†ì Üêô£ù¶ 10% õ†® iîˆF™ 3 ñìƒè£Aø¶
M

âQ™ ݇´èœ ò£¶ ?

R
S.I. = Pn
100
C

Note :
PS

S.I. = ñ샰 -1
=3-1
=2
TN

10
2P = P x n x
100
2 x 100
n=
10
n = 20 years

8. The S.I. on a sum of Money for 3 yrs at 6% is Rs. 90. The S.I. on
the same sum for 6 yrs at 7% will be ?

115
 TNPSC èí‚°

6% õ†®J™ 3 ݇´èÀ‚° å¼ ªî£¬èJ¡ îQõ†®

Ï. 90 âQ™ Ü‰î ªî£¬è‚° 6 ݇´èÀ‚° 7% õ†®
iîˆF™ îQõ†® ò£¶ ?

R
S.I. = Pn
100

L
6
90 = P x 3 x
100

A
90 x 100
P=
3x6

RI
15
30 TE
90 x 100
P=
3x6
2
A
P = 500
R
S.I. = Pn
100
M

7
500 x 6 x
=
100
C

S.I. = 210
PS

9. A sum of Rs. 2500 deposited in a bank gives an interest Rs. 100

in 6 months. What will be the interest on Rs. 3200 for 9 months
at the same rate of Interest ?
å¼ õƒAJ™ 6 ñ£îƒèÀ‚° ºîh´ ªêŒòŠð†ì Üê™
TN

Ï. 2500‚° õ†® Ï. 100 A¬ì‚Aø¶ âQ™ Ü«î õ†®

iîˆF™ 9 ñ£îƒèÀ‚° Üê™ Ï. 3200 ‚° A¬ì‚°‹
õ†® âšõ÷¾ ?

R
S.I. = Pn
100
6 R
100 = 2500 x x
12 100

116
 TNPSC èí‚°

2 4
100 x 12 x 100
R=
2500 x 6
R = 8%
R
S.I. = Pn

L
100
3 2

A
= 9 8
3200 x x
12 100

RI
3
= S.I. = 192

10.
TE
A certain sum of money amounts to Rs. 920 in 3 yrs. a 5% on S.I.
Find the principal ?
å¼ °PŠH†ì ªî£¬èò£ù¶ 5% îQ õ†® iîˆF™ 3
݇´èO™ Ï. 920 ÝAø¶ âQ™ Üê™ ò£¶ ?
A
Amount
P= nR
1+
M

100

R = 5% , n = 3 yrs., Amount 920, P = ?
920
C

= 3x5
1+
100
PS

920
=15
1+
100
TN

920
=
115
100
20
40 100
=
920 x = 800
115
23
P = 800
117
 TNPSC èí‚°

Post Office Deposit

11. Ramesh deposits Rs. 500 at the beginning of every month for 5
years in a post office. If the rate of interest is 8%. Find the amount
he will receive at the end of 5 yrs. ?
ó«ñw â¡ðõ˜ 嚪õ£¼ ñ£îˆªî£ì‚èˆF™ Ï. 500 ä æ˜

L
Ü…êôèˆF™ 5 ݇´èÀ‚° ªê½ˆ¶Aø£˜. õ†®iî‹
8% âQ™ 5 ݇´èœ º®M™ Üõ˜ ªð¼‹ ªî£¬è

A
âšõ÷¾ ?-
R
S.I. = Pn

RI
100
嚪õ£¼ ñ£îº‹ ªê½ˆ¶õ

S.I = P x
n(n+1) 1
2
x x
R
12 100
TE
A
60(60+1) 1 8
S.I = 500 x x x
2 12 100
M

n = month

20 4
500 x 60 x 61 1 8
C

= x x
2 12 100
3
PS

= 5 x 20 x 61

S.I. = 6100 → After 5 years

TN

5 years = 60 months
500 x 60 = 30,000
After 5 years
= 30000 + 6100
= 36100

12. A certain sum of money in S.I. amounts to Rs. 8880 in 6 years

and Rs. 7920 in 4 yrs respectively. Find the principal ?
å¼ °PŠH†ì Üêô£ù¶ îQõ†® iîˆF™ ÝÁ

118
 TNPSC èí‚°

݇´èO™ Ï. 8880 Ý辋, 4 ݇´èO™ Ï. 7920

Ý辋 ñ£ÁAø¶ âQ™ Üê™ âšõ÷¾ ?

Model → Two Amounts

Two times

L
Amount = P + S.I.
.....
8880 = P + 6 S.I. → 1

A
7920 = P + 4 S.I. → 2
(-) (-) (-)

RI
960 = 2 S.I.
2 S.I. = 960
S.I = 960 TE
2
S.I = 480
S.I. 480 Substitute in 1
A
8880 = P + 6 S.I.
8880 = P + 6 (480)
M

8880 = P + 2880
P = 8880 - 2880
P = 6000
C

Suppose R = ? / õ†® iî‹ «è†ì£™

R
PS

S.I. = Pn
100
R
480 = 6000 x 1 x
100
TN

8
R = 480 x 100 = 8%
6000

119
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Simple Interest & Compound Interest

(îQõ†® ñŸÁ‹ Æ´õ†®)

120
 TNPSC èí‚°

Simple Interest & Compound Interest

(îQõ†® ñŸÁ‹ Æ´õ†®)
Note : 2 years only / Þó‡´ Ý‡´èÀ‚° ñ†´‹)

L
R R

A
♦ Px x =C.I.-S.I.
100 100

RI
S.I C.I
♦ =
200 200+R

1.
TE
The difference between C.I. and S.I. for Rs. 8000 at 10% per year
for 2 years is ?
Ï. 8000‚° 10% õ†®iî‹ Ý‡®Ÿ° âQ™ 2 ݇´èO™
A
Æ´õ†®‚°‹ îQõ†®‚°‹ àœ÷ MˆFò£ê‹ ò£¶ ?

R R
M

Px x =C.I.-S.I.
100 100

10 10
C

8000 x x = C.I.-S.I.
100 100
PS

C.I. - S.I. = 80

2. Given P = 5000, n = 2
C.I. - S.I. = 50
TN

R=?
Sol.

R R
Px x = C. I . − S . I .
100 100
R R
= 5000 x x =50
100 100
50 x 100 x 100 500
R2 = =
5000 5
121
 TNPSC èí‚°

R 2 = 100
R = 10%

3. Given n = 2, R = 10%

L
S.I. - S.I = 20, P = ?
The difference between C.I. - S.I. for 2 years at 10% is 20. Then

A
find the principal ?
Þó‡´ Ý‡´èO™ å¼ 10% õ†®J™ °PŠH†ì

RI
Ü꽂° Æ´ õ†®‚°‹, îQ õ†®‚°‹ àœ÷ MˆFò£ê‹
20 âQ™ Üê¬ô‚ 裇è.
Sol.

Px
R R
TE
x = C. I . − S . I .
100 100
10 10
A
Px x =20
100 100
20 x 100 x 100
M

P=
10 x 10
P = 2000
C

4. Compound Interest for 2 years at 10% is 252. Find S.I. ?

Þó‡´ Ý‡´èO™ å¼ °PŠH†ì Ü꽂° 10% õ†®
PS

iîˆF™ A¬ì‚°‹ Æ´õ†® 252 âQ™ îQõ†®¬ò‚

裇è. (Ü«î Ü꽂° Þó‡ì£‹ ݇´)

S.I. C.I.
TN

=
200 200 + R
S.I. 252
=
200 200+10
S.I. 252
=
200 210
252
S.I.= x 200
210

122
 TNPSC èí‚°

S.I. = 240
Æ´ õ†®¬ò Mì îQ õ†® °¬øõ£è«õ Þ¼‚°‹.

5. S.I. = 240. R = 10%, n = 2 years, C.I. = ?

Sol.
S.I. C.I.

L
=
200 200 + R

A
240 C.I.
=
200 200+10

RI
12
240
C.I.= x 210
200 TE
C.I. = 12 x 21
C. I . = 252
A
6. C.I. = 252
S.I. = 240
n = 2 years
M

R=?
Sol.
C

S.I. C.I.
=
200 200 + R
PS

240 252
=
200 200+R
240 252
=
TN

200 x
x 200 + R
=
5
42 200
x = 252 x
240
6

x = 42 x 5
x = 210
123
 TNPSC èí‚°

200 + R = 210
R = 210 - 200
R = 10%

L
7. P = 1000, n = 3 years, R = 10%, C.I.- S.I. = ?

A
Üê™ Ï. 1000&‚° 3 ݇´èO™ 10% õ†®iîˆF™
A¬ì‚°‹ Æ´õ†®‚°‹ îQõ†®‚°‹ àœ÷ MˆFò£ê‹

RI
ò£¶ ?
Find the difference between C.I. and S.I. for the principal Rs.
1000 at 10%. Rate of interest for 3 years ?
TE
Short cut
n = 3, so steps are used.

Step - 1
A
10
= 1000 x =100
100
M

Step - 2
10
100 x
= = 10
100
C

Step - 3
10
PS

210 x
= = 21
100
Step 1 = 100
Step 2 = 100 + 10
TN

Step 3 = 100 + 21
31
Ans = 3 years

8. P = 6000, n = 3 yrs. R = 5%, C.I. - S.I. = ?

Find the difference between C.I. and S.I. for the principal Rs.
1000 at 5% rate of interest 3 years ?
n = 3 So 3 steps
Step - 1

124
 TNPSC èí‚°

5
6000 x = 300
100
Step - 2
5
300 x = 15
100

L
Step - 3
5

A
615 x = 30.75
100

RI
1. 300

2. 300 + 15 TE

3. 300 + 30.75
45.75
A
C.I. - S.I. = 45.75
M

9. P = 1000, n = 4 yrs. R = 10%, C.I. - S.I. = ?

Step - 1
10
1000 x =100
100
C

Step - 2
10
PS

100 x = 10
100
Step - 3
10
TN

210 x = 21
100
Step - 4
10
331 x = 33.1
100

125
 TNPSC èí‚°

1. 100
2. 100 + 10
3. 100 + 21
4. 100 + 33.1
64.1

L
C.I. - S.I. = 64.1

A
10. P = 1000, R = 10%, C.I. - S.I. = Rs. 31. n = ?
(A) 2 yrs (B) 3 yrs (C) 4 yrs (D) 5 yrs

RI
Sol.
Step - 1
10
1000 x =100 TE
100
Step - 2
10
100 x =10
100
A
Step - 3
10
M

210 x =21
100

Step 1 = 100
C

Step 2 = 100 + 10
Step 3 = 100 + 21
PS

31
n = 3 years
TN

11. C.I. - S.I. = 31, n = 3 yrs, R = 10%, P = ?

(A) 2000 (B) 1000 (C) 1500 (D) 2500
Option (A) P = 2000, n = 3
Step - 1
10
2000 x =200
100
Step - 2
10
200 x =20
100

126
 TNPSC èí‚°

Step - 3
10
400 x =42
100
Step 1 = 200
Step 2 = 200 + 20
Step 3 = 200 + 42

L
C.I. - S.I. = 62
Option (A) is not correct.

A
Option (B) P = 1000, n = 3

RI
Step - 1
10
1000 x =100
100 TE
Step - 2
10
100 x = 10
100
A
Step - 3
10
210 x = 21
M

100

Step 1 = 100
Step 2 = 100 + 10
C

Step 3 = 100 + 21
C.I. - S.I. = 31
PS

Option (B) 1000 - is correct.

12. n = 3 yrs, C.I.-S.I. = 31, P = 1000, R = ?

(A) 5% (B) 10% (C) 15%
TN

(D) 20%
Step - 1
10
1000 x =100
100
Step - 2
10
100 x = 10
100
Step - 3

127
 TNPSC èí‚°

10
210 x = 21
100

Step 1 = 100
Step 2 = 100 + 10

L
Step 3 = 100 + 21
C.I. - S.I. = 31

A
R = 10% (Option (B) is correct answer)

RI
Æ´õ†® (ñ†´‹)

n
 R  TE
C.I. = P  1 +  −P
 100 

13. P = 12,000, R = 10%, N = 3 yrs. C.I. = ?

A
Ï. 12,000&‚° 10% õ†®iî‹ 3 ݇´èÀ‚è£ù
Æ´õ†® -?
M

n
 R 
C. I . =P 1 +  −P
 100 
C

3
 10 
C. I .= 12000  1 +  − 12000
 100 
PS

3
 110 
=C. I . 12000   − 12000
 100 
TN

110 110 110

C. I . 12000 x x x − 12000
100 100 100
C.I.=12 x 11 x 11 x 11 - 12000
C. I . 15,972 − 12000
=
C. I . = 3972

128
 TNPSC èí‚°

Another method
n=3

10
1. 1200 = 12000 x =1200
100

L
10
2. 1200+120 = 1200 x =120
100

A
10
3. 1200+252 = 2520 x =252
100

RI
3600+372
C.I. = 3972

14.
TE
In a simple Interest, the sum will be trice in 5 years after 20 years,
how many times it will be ?
å¼ îQõ†®J™ 5 ݇´èO™ å¼ °PŠH†ì Üêô£ù¶ 3
A
ñìƒè£Aø¶ âQ™ 20 ݇´èO™ âˆî¬ù ñìƒè£Aø¶?
years = Times
(݇´èœ) (ñ샰)
M

5 → 3
10 → 3+2 = 5
15 → 5+2 = 7
20 → 7+2 = 9
C

Ans : 9
PS

Note :-
ñ샰 &1
3 &1= 2
TN

15. In a compound Interest, the sum will be trice in 5 years after 20

years. How many times it will be ?
å¼ Ã†´õ†®J™ 5 ݇´èO™ å¼ °PŠH†ì
Üêô£ù¶ 3 ñìƒè£Aø¶ âQ™ 20 ݇´èO™ âˆî¬ù
ñìƒè£Aø¶ ?
years = Times
5 → 31 = 3
10 → 32 = 9
129
 TNPSC èí‚°

15 → 33 = 27
20 → 34 = 81
Ans : 81

Reverse Method (C.I)

20 ݇´èœ → 81 ñ샰

L
5 ݇´èœ → ?
years Times [n=3]

A
20 → 81-34
15 → 33

RI
10 → 32
5 → 3 times

16.
TE
P = 10000, R = 10%, n = 2½ yrs., C.I. = ?

1 1 1
n=2 (or) 2 (or) 2
2 3 4
A
Consider n = 3
M

10
1. 1000 = 10000 x =1000
100
10
2. 1000+100 =1000x =100
C

100
10
PS

3.1000+210 =2100x =210

(ð£F) 100
1
n=2
2
TN

500+105
2500+205
C.I. 2705

1
17. P = 10000, R = 10%, n = 2 yrs., C.I. = ?
4

130
 TNPSC èí‚°

1. 1000
2. 1000+100
3. 1000+210
1
n=2

L
4
250+52.5

A
2250+152.5

RI
R1, R2, R3
5%, 10%, 15%


C.I. = P  1 +
R1  
TE
 1 +
R2  
 1 +
R3 
−P
 100   100   100 
A
18. å¼ îQ õ†®J™ 4 ݇´èO™ å¼ °PŠH†ì Üêô£ù¶
2 ñ샰 ÝAø¶ âQ™ 16 ݇´èO™ âˆî¬ù
M

ñìƒè£°‹ -?
A sum of money doubles itself in two year. In 16 years how many
times it will be ?
years Times
C

4 → 2
8 → 2+1=3
PS

12 → 3+1=4
16 → 4+1=5
Answer = 5
Note :-
TN

ñ샰 &1
2 &1= 2

Same Sum (Æ´õ†®J™)

years Times
4 → 21
8 → 22
12 → 23
16 → 24 = 16

131
 TNPSC èí‚°

Answer = 16

Compound Half Yearly / (ܬóò£‡´ õ†® iî‹)

19. P = 1000, n = 4 years, R = 10%, C.I. = ? (or) P = 1000, n = 2 yrs,

R = 20%, C.I. = ?

L
10
1. 100 = 1000 x = 100
100

A
10
2. 100 + 10 = 100 x = 10

RI
100
10
3. 100 + 21 = 210 x = 21
100
TE
10
4. 100 + 33.1 = 331 x = 33.1
100
400 + 64.10
A
C.I. = 464.10

20. P = 1200, n = 2 yrs., R = 20%, C.I. = ? (or) P = 1200, n = 4 yrs, R

M

= 10%, C.I. = ?
10
1. 120 = 1200 x = 120
100
C

10
2. 120 + 12 = 120 x = 12
100
PS

10
3. 120 + 25.20 = 252 x = 25.20
100
10
TN

4. 120 + 39.72 = 397.20 x = 39.72

100
480 + 76.92
C.I. 556.92

21. R1 =10%. R2 = 20%, R3 = 30%, P = 1000, C.I. = ?

 R  R  R 
C.I.=P  1+ 1   1+ 2   1+ 3  -P
 100   100   100 

132
 TNPSC èí‚°

 10   20   30 
C.I.=1000  1+   1+   1+  -1000
 100   100   100 
110 120 130
C.I.=1000 x x x - 1000
100 100 100

L
C.I.=11 x 12 x 13 - 1000

A
C.I.=1716 - 1000

RI
C.I.
C.I. ==716
716

22. 25 - years → 3 times → ?

S.I. = PnR
100
TE
ªî£¬è 3 - 1= 2
A
R
2P=P x 25 x
100
M

4
2 x 100
R=
25
C

R = 8%
200
= 12.5
PS

(Þó‡´ ñ샰 2 x 100 = 200)

TN

R
23. S.I. = Pn
100
1 x
P=Pxxx
25 100
100
x2 = 4
=
25
=x 2%,
= x 2 years
133
 TNPSC èí‚°

24. P = 100, n = 4, R = 2%, S.I. = ?

R
S.I. = Pn
100

L
2
= 100 x 4 x =8

A
100
S.I. = Rs. 8

RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

134
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Area
(ðóŠð÷¾)

135
 TNPSC èí‚°

Area (ðóŠð÷¾)
♦ Square (ê¶ó‹)
a

d a

L
A
Area (ðóŠð÷¾) Perimeter (²Ÿø÷¾)
i) a2 4a
1 2

RI
d
ii) 2

Note : d = 2a
TE
Þƒ°
a - side (ð‚èÜ÷¾)
A
r - diameter (ͬôM†ì‹)
M

♦ Rhombus (꣌ê¶ó‹)
a
d1
C

a
d2 a
PS

Area
TN

96 2
i) a
100
1
ii) x d1x d 2
2
Perimeter = 4a

96 2 1
Note : a = x d1 x d 2
100 2

136
 TNPSC èí‚°

♦ Rectangle (ªêšõè‹)

L
Area = l x b

A
Perimeter = 2(l+b)

Note :

RI
i) (l + b) 2 = l 2 + b 2 + 2lb
jj) d 2= l 2 + b 2 TE
♦ Parallelogram (Þ¬íèó‹)
A
h
M

Area = b x h

Circle Based
C

♦ Circle (õ†ì‹)
PS

r
TN

Area = π r 2
Perimeter (²Ÿø÷¾) = 2π r

♦ Hemicircle (ܬóõ†ì‹)

r r

137
 TNPSC èí‚°

π r2
Area =
2
Perimeter = π r + 2 r

L
♦ Quarter Circle (裙õ†ì‹)

A
r r

RI
π r2
Area = TE
4
πr
Perimeter = + 2r
2
A
Triangle Based
♦ Equilateral Triangle (êñð‚è º‚«è£í‹)
M

a a
h
C

a
PS

3 2
Area = a
4
TN

Perimeter = 3a

3
Note : h = a
4
♦ Scalare Triangle (Üêñð‚è º‚«è£í‹)
a c

138
 TNPSC èí‚°

Area = s( s − a )( s − b)(s− c)

a+b+c
where s = 2

L
♦ h (or) h

A
b b

RI
1
Area = bh
2

♦
(x1, y1)
TE
à„Cè¬÷ ªè£‡ì º‚«è£í‹ -?
A
(x2, y3) (x3, y3)

1
M

Area = {x1 ( y2 − y3 ) + x2 ( y3 − y1 ) + x3 ( y1 − y2 )}
2

1
C

using bh based
2
PS

♦ Trapezium (êKõè‹)
b2
TN

h
b1

1
Area = (b1 + b 2 )h
2

♦ Quadralateral (èó‹)

139
 TNPSC èí‚°

h1 d
h2

L
1
Area = x d(h1 +h 2 )

A
2

RI
♦ Sector (õ†ì‚«è£íŠ ð°F)
r
θ° Arc (M™L¡ c÷‹) TE
r

1
A
Area = x r x Arc
2
Note :
M

π r2
i) Area = xθ
360°
C

2π r
PS

ii) Arc (M™L¡ c÷‹) = xθ

360°
Sums :
TN

7 cm 25 cm
1. Find Area ? / ðóŠð÷¾ 裇è.
24 cm
Area = s( s − a )( s − b)( s − c )

a + b + c 7 + 24 + 25
=s =
2 2

140
 TNPSC èí‚°

56
s
= = 28
2

Area= 28(28 − 7)(28 − 24)(28 − 25)

L
= 28(21)(4)(3)

A
= 2x2x7x3x7x2x2x3
=2x7x3x2

RI
= 84 cm 2

0 cm TE
=4
2. d 32 cm Find Area ?

1
A
Sector Area = x r x Arc
2
M

10
1
= x 20 x 32
2
= 320 cm 2
C

Note :
PS

d 40
r
= = = 20
2 2
TN

• Golden Ratio (îƒè MAî‹) = 1 : 1.6

Complementary Angle (G󊹂 «è£í‹) = 90°

• 32° - ¡ G󊹂 «è£í‹ â¡ù ?

90 - 32 = 58°

Supplementary Angle = 180° (I¬è G󊹂 «è£í‹)

• 108 - ¡ I¬è G󊹂 «è£í‹ â¡ù ?

180 - 108 = 72°
141
 TNPSC èí‚°

å¼ º‚«è£íˆF¡ Í¡Á «è£íƒèO¡ Ã´î™ 180°

A° + B=° 120°

L
A°
• B° + C=° 150°

A
B° C° B ° =?
A+ 2 B + C =270

RI
A+ B + C = 180
(-) (-) TE
B = 90°

Rules
A
a b
M

c
i) a < b + c
ii ) b < a + c
C

iii ) c < a + b
PS

Any one of the side is should less than sum of other two sides.
(Same as)
å¼ º‚«è£íˆF¡ ãî£õ¶ å¼ ð‚è‹ ñŸø Þó‡´
ð‚èƒèO¡ ôî¬ô Mì °¬øõ£è«õ Þ¼‚°‹.
TN

i) b + c > a
ii ) a + c > b
iii ) a + b > c

a b
1. Area = 900 3 cm 2 , find a = ?
c

142
 TNPSC èí‚°

3 2
Area = a
4
3 2
900 3 = a
4

L
4
a 2 = 900 3 x
3

A
a = 900 x 4

RI
a = 30 x 2
a = 60 cm

2.
TE
40e c÷‹, 30e. Üèô‹ à¬ìò ªêšõè õ®õ õòL¡
å¼ Í¬ôJ™ 7e c÷ºœ÷ èJÁ å¡P™ °F¬ó
è†ìŠð†´œ÷¶. °F¬ó GôˆF™ «ñŒ‰î ÞìˆF¡
A
ðóŠð÷¾ 裇è.
land
M

30m

7 e
40m
C

c÷ºœ÷
èJÁ
PS

π r2
裙õ†ìˆF¡ ðóŠð÷¾ =
4
22 7x7
TN

= x
7 4
77
=
2
= 38.5m 2
°F¬ó «ñò£î ÞìˆF¡ ðóŠð÷¾
= 40 x 30 = 1200
1200 - 38.5 = 1161.5 m2

143
 TNPSC èí‚°

3. êñð‚è º‚«è£íˆF¡ ²Ÿø÷¾ 30 cm âQ™ ðóŠð÷¾

裇è ?
The Perimeter of the equilateral Triangle is 30 cm, find area ?

L
a a

A
a
3a = 30

RI
30
a=
3 TE
a = 10 cm

3 2
A
Area = a
4
2 2
M

3
= x 10 x 10
4
2
C

= 25 3
PS

4. å¼ (Cart Wheel) ñ£†´ õ‡® ê‚èóˆF¡ Ýó‹ 35 ªê.e.

Þ¶ 154 m ä èì‚°‹ Revolutions (²ŸÁèœ âˆî¬ù) ?
TN
r=
35

Total Distance
Revolutions =
2π r
= 154m → 15400cm

144
 TNPSC èí‚°

15400 cm
=
22
2x x 35
7
15400
x7
2 x 22 x 35

L
= 70 revolutions

A
5. If the side of a square is increased by 20%. Then its area is in-
creased by

RI
å¼ ê¶óˆF¡ ð‚è‹ 20% ÜFèK‚Aø¶, âQ™ Üî¡ ðóŠ¹
âˆî¬ù êîiî‹ ÜFèK‚°‹.
20% TE
120
= 10 x
100
= 12
A
Area = axa:a xa
10 x 10 : 12 x 12
M

100 : 144
144 - 100 = 44% ðóŠ¹ ÜFèK‚°‹.

6. If the length of a Rectangle is Increased by 20%. Then its area

C

increased by
å¼ ªêšõèˆF¡ c÷‹ 20% ÜFèK‚Aø¶ âQ™ âî¡
PS

ðóŠ¹ âˆî¬ù % ÜFèK‚°‹ -?

20%
120
= 10 x
TN

100
= 12
Area = lxb:l xb
10 x 10 : 12 x 10
100 : 120
120 - 100 = 20% ÜFèK‚°‹.

7. If one side of the equilateral triangle is increased by 20%. Then

its area increased by

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 TNPSC èí‚°

å¼ êñð‚è º‚«è£íˆF¡ ð‚è‹ 20% ÜFèK‚Aø¶ âQ™

Üî¡ ðóŠ¹ âˆî¬ù % ÜFèK‚°‹ ?
20%
120
= 10 x
100

L
= 12
Area = axa:a xa

A
10 x 10 : 12 x 12
100 : 144

RI
144 - 100 = 44% ðóŠ¹ ÜFèK‚°‹.

8. 10 cm
10 cm 90°
TE
cut
A
π r2
Area = xθ
360
M

22
x 10 x 10
= 7 x 90
C

360
= 25π cm 2
PS

9. Two angle (Þó‡´ «è£íƒèO¡ MAî‹) 4 : 9

Supplementary angle (I¬è G󊹂 «è£íƒèO¡ MAî‹)
TN

8:3
(A) 60, 135 (B) 30,80 (C) 40, 90
(D) 80, 30

5 60,135
312, 27

(A) 4, 9 «è£íƒèO¡ MAî‹

I¬è G󊹂 «è£í‹

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 TNPSC èí‚°

180 - 40 = 120
180 - 135 = 45
120 : 45
8:3

L
10. 48 m

A
56m

RI
Area of Path (ð£¬îJ¡ ðóŠð÷¾)
TE
(R = 56, r = 49)
= π R 2 -π r 2
π ( R2 − r2 )
=
A
22
= (562 − 492 )
7
M

22
= (3136 − 2401)
7
22 105
= (735)
C

7
PS

= 2310 m 2

♦ Cube (èù„ê¶ó‹)
TN

d
a
a
a
Volume (èùÜ÷¾) = a3
Lateral Surface area (ð‚èŠ ðóŠ¹) = 4a2
Total Surface area (ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹) = 6a2

Note : d = 3a

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 TNPSC èí‚°

♦ Cuboid (èù„ªêšõè‹)

a
h

L
l b

A
èùÜ÷¾ = l x b x h
ð‚èŠðóŠ¹ = 2h (l + b)
ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ = 2(lb+bh+lh)

RI
Note :
d= l 2 + b2 + h 2
TE
♦ Cylinder (༬÷)
A
h
M

èùÜ÷¾ = π r h
2

õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ = 2π rh
C

ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ = 2π r ( h + r )
PS

♦ Cone (˹)
TN

l
h
r

1 2
èùÜ÷¾ = πr h
3
õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ = π rl
ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ = π r (l + r )

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 TNPSC èí‚°

♦ Sphere («è£÷‹)
r

L
4 3
è÷Ü÷¾ = πr
3

A
õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ = 4π r 2

RI
ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ = 4π r 2
«è£÷ˆF¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ ªñ£ˆî ðóŠ¹ êñ‹.

♦ Hemisphere (ܬó‚«è£÷‹)
TE
A
r
M

2 3
èùÜ÷¾ = πr
C

3
õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ = 2π r 2
PS

ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ = 3π r 2

:l
Note= h2 + r2
TN

å¼ à¼¬÷, ˹, «è£÷‹ ñŸÁ‹ ܬó‚«è£÷‹ ÞõŸP¡

Ýó‹, àòó‹ êñ‹ âQ™ èù Ü÷¾èO¡ MAî‹

l
h :
h r
: : r
r r
è÷Ü÷¾èO¡ MAî‹ = 3 : 1 : 4 : 2

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 TNPSC èí‚°

1. What is the ratio of volume to surface area of Sphere ?

å¼ «è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ ñŸÁ‹ ¹øŠðóŠ¹ ÝAòõŸP¡
MAî‹ â¡ù ?
èùÜ÷¾ : õ¬÷ðóŠ¹
4π r 3 : 4π r 2

L
1
r :1

A
3
r:3

RI
2. If the sphere is divided into two hemisphere then the total surface
area of one of its hemisphere is ?
TE
å ¼ « è £ ÷ ˆ F ¡ õ ¬ ÷ ð ó Š ¹ 36 cm 2 , Ü î ¬ ù Þ ¼
ܬó‚«è£÷ñ£è HKˆî£™, å¼ Ü¬ó‚ «è£÷ˆF¡ ªñ£ˆî
ðóŠ¹ è£‡è -?
«è£÷ˆF¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ 4π r = 36
2
A
36
π r=
2
= 9
4
M

ܬó‚«è£÷ˆF¡ ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹
= 3π r 2
=3x9
C

= 27cm 2
PS

3. Base area of cylinder is 45 cm2 and its height is 8 cm. Find volume
?
å¼ à¼¬÷J¡ Ü®Šð‚è ðóŠð÷¾ 45 cm2. Üî¡ àòó‹
TN

8 cm âQ™ èù Ü÷¾ ò£¶ ?

༬÷J¡ Ü®Šð‚è‹ π r 2 = 45cm 2
h=8
Volume (èùÜ÷¾) = π r h
2

= 45 (8)
= 360 cm3

4. å¼ èù„ê¶óˆF¡ ªñ£ˆîðóŠ¹ 294cm2 âQ™ ÜõŸP¡

ð‚è ðóŠ¹, èùÜ÷¾ 裇è.
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 TNPSC èí‚°

i) Lateral surface area (ð‚èŠðóŠ¹) = 4a2

6a 2 = 294

294
a2 =
6

L
2  294 
= 4=
  196cm 2

A
 6 
3

RI
ii) Volume (èùÜ÷¾) = a3

294
a2
= = 49 TE
6
a=7
a3 = 7 x 7 x 7
A
a 3 = 343cm 3
M

5. The ratio of radii of two cylinders are 3 : 5, then find their ratio
of volumes ?
Þ¼ ༬÷J¡ ÝóƒèO¡ MAî‹ 3:5 âQ™ ÜõŸP¡
èù Ü÷¾èO¡ MAî‹ â¡ù ? (r=h)
C

r1 : r2 = 3 : 5
༬÷J¡ èùÜ÷¾
PS

π r12h : π r22h
3x3x3:5x5x5
TN

27 :125

6. Find the height of a cuboid whose base area is 96 cm2 and volume
is 480 cm3.
å¼ èù„ªêšõèˆF¡ Ü®Šð‚è ðóŠð÷¾ 96 cm2 ñŸÁ‹
èùÜ÷¾ 480 cm3 âQ™ àòó‹ â¡ù ?
Base area of cuboid (èù„ªêšõèˆF¡ Ü®Šð‚è‹) = 96 cm3
l x b = 96 cm 2
x b x h 480 cm 3
Volume l =
=

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96 x h = 480

480
h=
96
h = 5 cm

L
A
7. ܬó‚«è£÷ õ®õºœ÷ å¼ ªð£¼¬÷ âˆî¬ù ༬÷ò£è
ñ£Ÿøô£‹. ܬó‚«è£÷ˆF¡ Ýó‹ 30 cm ༬÷J¡ Ýó‹
5 cm ñŸÁ‹ àòó‹ 2 cm

RI
ܬó‚«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ = ༬÷J¡ èùÜ÷¾

2 3
π r = nπ 2h TE
3
2
x 30 x 30 x 30 = n 5 x 5 x 2
3
A
2 30 x 30 x 30
n= x
3 5x5x2
M

n = 360

8. å¼ èù„ê¶ó õ®õ c˜ˆªî£†®J¡ ªè£œ÷÷¾ 8000 L

C

âQ™ Üî¡ ð‚è‹ ò£¶ ?

A cubical tank can hold 8000 l of water. Find the dimension of
PS

its side ?
1000 l = 1m3
1 Hectare = 10000 m2
èù„ê¶óˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾. = a 3 = 8000 l
TN

..

= 8m 3
a= 38
a = 2m

9 cm
9. = h=?

melt
r =9cm152
 TNPSC èí‚°

«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ = ËH¡ èùÜ÷¾

Volume of sphere = Volume of cone

4 3 1 2
πr = πr h
3 3

L
4x9x9x9=9x9xh
h = 36 cm

A
10. The ratio volume of cones

RI
˹èO¡ èùÜ÷¾èO¡ MAî‹ = 1 : 4
M†ìƒèO¡ MAî‹ d : d = 4 : 5
1 2

ÝóˆF¡ MAî‹ r : r = 2 :
1 2
TE 5
2
àòóƒèO¡ MAî‹ h : h = ?
1 2
A
ËH¡ èùÜ÷¾
M

1 2 1
π r1 h1 = π r22h2
3 3
5 5
2 x 2 x h1= x x h 2
C

2 2
h1 5x5 25
PS

= =
h2 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 16
èùÜ÷¾èO¡ MAî‹ = 1 : 4
25 (1) : 16 (4)
TN

h1 : h2 = 25 : 64

8 cm
11. =
r = 80mm r =10mm

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 TNPSC èí‚°

9
If the volume of a sphere is π . Then its radius is ?
16
9
π è.ªê.e. Ü÷¾ «è£÷ˆF¡ Ýó‹ â¡ù ?
16

L
«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾

A
4 3 9
πr = π
3 16

RI
4 3 9
r =
3 16 TE
9 3
r3 = x
16 4
27
r3 =
A
64
3
r = cm
M

12. If the radius of one sphere is half of radius of another sphere then
C

their volume are in the ratio ?

å¼ «è£÷ˆF¡ Ýóñ£ù¶ ñŸªø£¼ ÝóˆF¡ ð£F âQ™
PS

ÜõŸP¡ èù Ü÷¾èO¡ MAî‹ â¡ù ?

r1 = r2, r2 = 2
«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾
TN

4 3 4 3
π r1 : π r2
3 3
13 : 23
1: 8

13. 7 ªê.e. ð‚躬ìò 2 å«ó ñ£FKò£ù èùƒè¬÷ (Iden-

tical cube) Þ¬íˆî£™ ¹Fò èù„ ªêšõèˆF¡ ªñ£ˆî
ðóŠð÷¾ â¡ù -?

154
 TNPSC èí‚°

+ =
a a a
a a a
a a 2a
ªñ£ˆîŠ ðóŠ¹ = 10a2

L
+ =

A
7 7
2a

RI
Shortcut :
ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ = 10a2
= 10 (7)2 = 10 x 49 TE
= 490 cm2

õ¬÷ŠðóŠ¹ = 6a2
= 6 (7)2 = 6 x 49
A
= 284 cm2
M

♦ Frustum - (Þ¬ì‚è‡ì‹)
r
C
PS

h
TN

1
èùÜ÷¾ = π ( R 2 + r 2 + Rr )h
3
õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ = π ( R + r )l
ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ = π ( R + r )l + π r 2 + π R 2

14. A brick measures 20 cm x 10 cm x 7.5 cm. How many bricks

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 TNPSC èí‚°

will be required for a wall 20m x 2m x 0.75 m?

å¼ ªêƒè™ Ü÷¾ 20 ªê.e. x 10ªê.e. x 7.5 ªê.e. 20 e
x 2 e x 0.75 e Ü÷¾œ÷ ²õ˜ è†ì «î¬õò£ù ªêƒèŸèœ
âˆî¬ù ?
Volume of wall
No. of Bricks =
1m = 100 cm Volume of 1 brick

L
16 10
2000 x 200 x 75

A
=
20 x 10 x 7.5

RI
= 20,000

15. r=49
TE
A
4
Volume = π r3
3
M

4 22
= x x 49 x 49 x 49
3 7
= 4752
C

16. The ratio of the volume of a cone a sphere and a cylinder if each
PS

has the same radius and same height is

êññ£ù Ýó‹ ñŸÁ‹ àòó‹ à¬ìò ˹, «è£÷‹, ༬÷
ÝAòõŸP¡ èù Ü÷¾èO¡ MAî‹
Ans 1 : 4 : 3
TN

17. What is the ration of volume to surface area of a sphere ?

å¼ «è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ ñŸÁ‹ ¹øŠðóŠ¹ ÝAòõŸP¡
MAî‹ â¡ù ?

«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ = «è£÷ˆF¡ ¹øŠðóŠ¹

4 3
π r : 4π r 2
3
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 TNPSC èí‚°

1
r :1
3
r:3

L
18. Curved surface area of the solid sphere is 36 cm2. If the sphere
is divided into two hemisphere then total surface area of one of

A
its hemisphere is
å¼ Fì‚«è£÷ˆF¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ 36 cm2 Üî¬ù Þ¼

RI
ܬó‚«è£÷ƒè÷£è HKˆî£ô, å¼ Ü¬ó‚«è£÷ˆF¡ ªñ£ˆî
ðóŠ¹ â¡ù ?

«è£÷ˆF¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ = 4π r
4π r 2 = 36 cm2
2
TE
36
π r2 =
A
4
πr = 9
2
M

ܬó‚«è£÷ˆF¡ ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹
= 3π r 2
= 3(9)
C

= 27cm 2
PS

19. Based area of the right circular cylinder is 30 sq.cm. and its height
is 6 cm then the volume of the cylinder is
å¼ «ï˜õ†ì ༬÷J¡ Ü®ŠðóŠ¹ 30 sq.cm. ñŸÁ‹
TN

Üî¡ àòó‹ 6 cm âQ™ Üî¡ èùÜ÷¾ ò£¶ ?

Cylinder Based area (༬÷J¡ Ü®ŠðóŠ¹) = π r
2

π r 2 = 30, h = 6
= π r 2h
Volume (èùÜ÷¾) = = 30(6)
= 180cm 2
20. If the total surface area of a cube is 486 cm2. Find the lateral

157
 TNPSC èí‚°

surface area and volume respectively.

å¼ èù„ê¶óˆF¡ ªñ£ˆî ¹øŠðóŠ¹ 486 cm2 âQ™ Üî¡
ð‚èŠ ð󊹋, èù Ü÷¾‹ º¬ø«ò ......, ...... Ý°‹.
6a 2 = 486cm 2
èùê¶óˆF¡ ªñ£ˆî ¹øŠðóŠ¹ (cube)
486
a2 =

L
6
2
i) lateral surface (ð‚èŠ ðóŠ¹) = 4a

A
162
2
 486 
= 4 3
 6 

RI

= 324cm 2
ii) Volume (èùÜ÷¾) = a TE 3

486
a2 =
6
A
a 2 = 81 ⇒ a = 9
a 3 = 81 x 81 x 81
M

a3 = 9 x 9 x 9
a 3 = 729cm 3
C

21. The ratio of radii of two spheres are 4 : 7 then the ratio of their
volumes.
PS

Þ¼ «è£÷ƒèO¡ ÝóƒèO¡ MAî‹ 4:7 âQ™ èù

Ü÷¾èO¡ MAî‹.
Þ¼ «è£÷ƒèO¡ ÝóƒèO¡ MAî‹ = 4 : 7
The ratio of radii of 2 spheres
TN

r 1 : r2 = 4 : 7

4 3
Volume of sphere («è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾) = πr
3
4 3 4 3
π r1 : π r2
3 3
4x4x4:7x7x7
64 : 343
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 TNPSC èí‚°

22. Find the height of a cuboid whose base area is 180 cm2 and volume
is 900 cm3.
å¼ èù„ªêšõèˆF¡ Ü®ŠðóŠ¹ ñŸÁ‹ èùÜ÷¾èœ
º¬ø«ò 180 cm2 ñŸÁ‹ 900 cm3 âQ™ Üî¡ àòó‹ â¡ù?
Base area of cuboid (èù„ªêšõèˆF¡ Ü®ŠðóŠ¹) = 180 cm2

L
l x b = 180 cm2
Volume (èùÜ÷¾) = l x b x h

A
l x b x h = 900cm 3
180 x h = 900

RI
900
h=
180
h = 5cm
TE
23. A hemi spherical bowl of radius 30 cm is filled with soap paste.
If this paste is made into cylinderical soap cakes each of diameter
A
10 cm and height 2 cm how many cakes do we get ?
30 cm Ýóºœ÷ ܬó‚«è£÷ õ®õ °ŠH «ê£Š¹‚ Ãö£™
M

GóŠðŠð†´œ÷¶. Þ‰î «ê£Š¹ ìö‚ªè£‡´ 10 cm

M†ìº‹ 2 cm àòóº‹ àœ÷ ༬÷ õ®õ «ê£Š¹
âˆî¬ù -?
h = 2 cm, r= 30 cm. r = 5 cm
C

ܬó‚«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ = ༬÷J¡ èùÜ÷¾

(Volume of Hemisphere) = (Volume of cylinder)
PS

2 3
π r = nπ r 2h
3
TN

2
x 30 x 30 x 30 = n x 5 x 5 x 2
3
6 6 10
2 30 x 30 x 30
n= x
3 5x5x2
n = 360

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 TNPSC èí‚°

11352 3
24. Volume of a hallow sphere is cm If the outer radius is 8
7
cm. Find the inner radius of the sphere ?

å¼ àœkìŸø «è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ 11352 cm 3 ñŸÁ‹

L
7
Üî¡ ªõOÝó‹ 8 cm âQ™ àœ Ýó‹ 裇è.

A
Let R and r be the outer and inner radii of the hollow sphere
respectively.

RI
Let V be the volume of the hollow sphere.
R : 8 cm

Now given that V =

7
TE
11352 3
cm

25. A rectangular sheet of metal fail with dimension 66 cm x 12 cm

A
is rolled to form a cylinder of height 12 cm. Find the volume of
the cylinder.
M

66 cm x 12 cm â‹ Ü÷¾‚ªè£‡ì å¼ à«ô£èˆî膮¬ù

12 cm àòóºœ÷ å¼ à¼¬÷ò£è ñ£ŸPù£™ A¬ì‚°‹
༬÷J¡ èùÜ÷¾ 裇è.
L = 66 cm
C

b = 12 cm
cylinder h = 12 cm
PS

circumference of the cylinder = 66 cm

2π r = 66
TN

7 1 21
r = 66 x x = cm
22 2 2
Volume of the cylinder

22 21 21
= π r 2h = x x x 12
7 2 2
=33 x 21 x 6 = 4158cm3

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 TNPSC èí‚°

26. The lateral surface area of a cube of side 12cm is

12cm ð‚è Ü÷¾ ªè£‡ì èù„ê¶óˆF¡ ð‚èŠ ðóŠ¹

Side of cube (èù„ê¶óˆF¡ ð‚è Ü÷¾) = 12 cm = a

Lateral surface (ð‚èŠðóŠ¹) = 4a2
= 4 x 12 x 12

L
= 576 cm2

A
27. A cone of height 24 cm is made up of modeling clay. A child
reshapes it in the form of a cylinder of same radius as cone. Find

RI
the height of a cylinder.
èOñ‡ ªè£‡´ ªêŒòŠð†ì 24 ªê.e. àòó‹ à¬ìò
å¼ Ã‹¬ð å¼ °ö‰¬î Ü«î Ýóºœ÷ æ˜ à¼¬÷ò£è
TE
ñ£ŸÁAø¶ âQ™ ༬÷J¡ àòó‹ 裇.
Height of cone (ËH¡ àòó‹) = 24 cm
radius of cylinder (༬÷J¡ Ýó‹) = 24 cm
ËH¡ èùÜ÷¾ = ༬÷J¡ èùÜ÷¾
A
1 2
π r h = π r 2h
3
M

1 2
r h = r 2h
3
1
x 24 x 24 x 24 = 24 x 24 x h
C

3
h = 8cm
PS

28. A cubical tank can hold 27,000 l of water. Find the dimension of
its side.
TN

å¼ èù„ê¶ó õ®õ c˜ˆªî£†®J¡ ªè£œ÷÷¾ 27,000L

âQ™ Üî¡ ð‚è Ü÷¬õ‚ 裇.
èù„ê¶ó õ®õ c˜ˆªî£†®J¡ ªè£œ÷¾ = 27,000 L
Volume of cube a3 = 27000
a3 = 27 m3
a = 3 27
a = 3m

29. A sector centairing an angle of 140° is cut off from a circle of

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 TNPSC èí‚°

radius 9 cm & folded into a cone. Find the curved surface area

of the cone.  π 22 
 7 
9ªê.e. Ýóºœ÷ å¼ õ†ìˆFL¼‰¶ 140° ¬ñò‚ «è£í‹
ªè£‡ì å¼ õ†ì «è£íŠ ð°F¬ò ªõ†®ªò´ˆ¶ Üî¡

L
Ýóƒè¬÷ å¡P¬íˆ¶ å¼ Ã‹ð£‚Aù£™ A¬ì‚è‹
ËH¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¬ð‚ 裇è.

A
θ = 140°, r = 9 cm, find r = ?
curved surface area of a cone = πrl ?

RI
circumference of the based cone = length of the arc.

θ
2π r = x 2π l TE
360°
θ 140°
=r = xl x9
360° 360°
A
14
r= cm
4
M

h=l
CSA = π rl
11 7
C

22 14
= x x9
7 4
2
PS

= 99 sq.m
30. A cylindrical shaped well of depth 20m and diameter 14m is dug.
The dug out soil is evenly spred to form a cuboid plarform with
TN

base dimension 20m x 14m. Find the height of the platform.

14 e M†ì‹ ñŸÁ‹ 20e Üöºœ÷ å¼ AíÁ ༬÷
õ®M™ ªõ†ìŠð´Aø¶. Üšõ£Á ªõ†´‹«ð£¶
«î£‡®ªò´‚èŠð†ì ñ‡ Yó£è ðóŠðŠð†´ 20m x
14m Ü÷¾èO™ Ü®Šð‚èñ£è ªè£‡ì å¼ «ñ¬ìò£è
ܬñ‚èŠð†ì£™ Ü‹«ñ¬ìJ¡ àòó‹ 裇è.
D = 14m, r = 7m, h = 20m
V = π r 2h

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 TNPSC èí‚°

22 2
Vegi = x7 x20m 3
7
Since volime of the cuboid,
=l xbxh

L
Vcub = 20 x 14 x x

A
Vcub = Vcyl
20 x 14 x x = 22 x 7 x 20

RI
2 x x = 22
x = 11m

31.
TE
If the circumference of a conical wooden piece is 44 cm then find
its volume when its height is 12 cm.
44ªê.e. ²Ÿø÷¾œ÷ å¼ ñó‚ËH¡ àòó‹ 12 ªê.e. âQ™
܂ËH¡ èùÜ÷¾ ò£¶ ?
A
h = 12cm
2π r − 44 ⇒ r =7cm
M

Volume of the cone,

1
= π r 2h
3
C

4
1 22
= x x 72 x 12
PS

3 7
=22 x 7 x 4
V = 616 cm3
TN

32. A solid sphere of radius 9cm is melted and cast into a shape of a
solid cone of same radius, Find the height of the cone ?
9ªê.e. Ýóºœ÷ å¼ F‡ñ‚ «è£÷ˆF¬ù‚ ªè£‡´ Ü«î
Ýóºœ÷ ˹ ªêŒòŠð†ì£™ ܂ËH¡ àòó‹ ò£¶ ?
«è£÷ˆF¡ Ýó‹ = ËH¡ Ýó‹
Radius of sphere = Radius of cone
r = 9 cm
Volume of sphere («è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾) = Volume of Cone
(ËH¡ èùÜ÷¾)
163
 TNPSC èí‚°

4 3 1 2
πr = πr h
3 3
4x9x9x9=9x9xh
h = 36cm

L
A
33. The volume of a sphere of radius r is obtained by multiplying its
surface area by
r Ýó‹ªè£‡ì å¼ «è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ Üî¡ ðóŠð÷¾ì¡

RI
âî¬ù ªð¼‚°õ A¬ì‚Aø¶ ?
r - Ýó‹ ªè£‡ì «è£÷ˆF¡ ðóŠð÷¾

4π r 2 =
r
3
TE

r
4π r 2 =«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ (Volume of sphere)
=
A
3
r
M

4πAns
r 2 ==
3

34. If two cylinders of equal volumes have their heights in the ratio
C

2:3. then the ratio of their radii is

å«ó èùÜ÷¬õ‚ ªè£‡ì Þ¼ ༬÷èO¡ àòóƒèO¡
PS

MAî‹ 2:3 âQ™ ÜõŸP¡ ÝóƒèO¡ MAîñ£ù¶.

༬÷J¡ èùÜ÷¾ (Volume of cylinder) = π r 2 h
h1 : h2 = 2 : 3
TN

2 - cylinder volume
π r12h1 : π r22h2
r12 x 2 : r22 x 3

r12 3
:
r22 2
r1 3
=
r2 2
164
 TNPSC èí‚°

r1 : r2 = 3 : 2

35.
Find the volume of a cube, whose side 5 cm.
5 ªê.e. ð‚è Ü÷¾ ªè£‡ì èù„ê¶óˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ 裇.

L
èù„ê¶óˆF¡ ð‚èÜ÷¾ = 5cm
side of cube a = 5 cm

A
èùÜ÷¾ (volume) = 5 x 5 x 5
= 125 cm3

RI
36. If the volumes of two cones are in the ratio 1:4 and their diameters
are in the ratio 4 : 5 then the ratio of their height is
TE
Þ¼ ˹èO¡ èùÜ÷¾èO¡ MAî‹ 1:4 ñŸÁ‹ ÜõŸP¡
M†ìƒèO¡ MAî‹ 4:5 âQ™ ÜõŸP¡ àóòƒèO¡
MAî‹ â¡ù ?
The ratio volume of cones (˹èO¡ èùÜ÷¾ MAî‹) = 1
:4
A
d 1 : d2 = 4 : 5
r1 : r2 = 2 : 5/2
M

ËH¡ èùÜ÷¾ (Volume of cone)

1 2 1
π r1 h1 = π r22h2
3 3
C

5 5
2 x 2 x h1= x x h 2
2 2
PS

h1 5x5 25
= =
h 2 2 x 2 x 2 x 2 16
TN

h1 : h2 = 25 :16
èùÜ÷¾ MAî‹ = 1 : 4
= 25(1) : 16(4)
h1 : h2 = 25 : 64

37. The volume of the cube is 729cm3. What is the length of the
diagnol.
å¼ èù ê¶óˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ 729 ªê.e. 2 âQ™ Üî¡
ͬôM†ì‹ âšõ÷¾ -?

165
 TNPSC èí‚°

èù„ê¶óˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ (Volume of cube a3 = 729 cm3

a = 3 729
a = 9cm
length of diagonal (.....) d = 3a

L
d = 9 3cm

A
38. A cone is 8.4 cm height and the radius of its base is 2.1 cm. It is
melted and recast into a sphere. Find the radius of the sphere.

RI
å¼ Ã‹H¡ Ü®Šð‚èˆF¡ Ýó‹ 2.1 ªê.e., àòó‹ 8.4
ªê.e. ܶ à¼õ£‚èŠð†´ å¼ «è£÷ñ£è õ£˜‚èŠð†ì£™
«è£÷ˆF¡ Ýó‹ â¡ù ? TE
ËH¡ Ü®Šð‚è Ýó‹ = 2.1 cm
Height (àòó‹) = 8.4 cm
Volume of cone = Volume of sphere
ËH¡ èùÜ÷¾ = «è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾
A
1 2 4
π r h = π r3
M

3 3
2.1x 2.1 x 8.4 = 4 x r 3
C

37.044
= r3
4
PS

r 3 = 9.261
r = 2.1cm
TN

39. The surface area of the two different sphere are in the ratio of 9 :
25 then their volumes are in ratio.
Þó‡´ «õÁð†ì «è£÷ƒèO¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹èO¡ MAî‹
95:25. ÜõŸP¡ èù Ü÷¾èO¡ MAî‹
4π r 2 9=
= : 4π R 2 25
4π r 2 9
:
4π R 2 25

166
 TNPSC èí‚°

2 2
 r   3
  : 
 R   5
=r 3= :R 5
4 3
πr 3

L
3 r
= 
4
π R3  R 

A
3
3
 3

RI
= 
 5
27
= TE
125
9
40. If the volume of sphere is π then its radius is
9 2
π è.ªê.e. èùÜ÷¾ ªè£‡ì «è£÷ˆF¡ Ýó‹ â¡ð¶.
A
2 9
Volume of sphere («è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾) = π
2
M

4 3 9
πr = π
3 2
9 x 3 27
C

=r3 =
16 x 4 64
PS

3
r = cm
4
TN

41. If radius of one sphere is half of radius of another sphere then

their volumes are in the ratio.
å¼ «è£÷ˆF¡ Ýóñ£ù¶ ñŸªø£¼ «è£÷ˆF¡ ÝóˆF™
ð£F âQ™ ÜõŸP¡ èùÜ÷¾èO¡ MAîñ£ù¶.

r
=r1 = , r2 r
2
Volume of sphere («è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾)

167
 TNPSC èí‚°

4 4
π ( r1 )3 : π r23
3 3
3
r 3
  :r
2

L
r3 3
:r

A
8

RI
r1 : r2 = 1: 8

42. Water flow into a tank 200m x 150m through a rectangular pipe.
TE
1.5x1.25m at 20kmph. Water level rise by 2 metres in _______
minutes.
200 e c÷º‹, 150 e. Üèô‹ àœ÷ ªî£†®J¡ àœ«÷
1.5e Üèô‹ àœ÷ ªî£†®J¡ àœ«÷ 1.5e c÷º‹ 1.25 e.
A
Üèôº‹ àœ÷ ªêšõè °ö£Œ Íôñ£è ñE‚° 20A.e./ñ
«õèˆF™ î‡a˜ M¿‰î£™, î‡a˜ 2 e àòó âˆî¬ù
GIìƒèœ Ý°‹-?
M

Volume of water that has to flow

= 200 x 150 x 2 = 6000m3
Speed of water flow = 20 x 5/18
C

S = V/t

100
PS

=
= m/s
18

100
TN

Volume of water flowing in 1 second = 1.5 x 1.25 x

18
Number of seconds required to rise the level of water by 2 metres

100
= 60000 ÷ (1.5 x 1.25 x )
18
= 5760 sec.
= 96 min (or) 1 hour 36 minutes.

168
 TNPSC èí‚°

1000 5
Note : Speed of water = 20 x =20 x
60 x 60 18
43. The total surface area and curved surface area of the right circular
cylinder of radius 7 cm and height 20 cm are

L
å¼ F‡ñ «ï˜õ†ì ༬÷J¡ Ýó‹ 7 ªê.e. ñŸÁ‹
àòó‹ 20 ªê.e. âQ™ Üî¡ ªñ£ˆîŠ ðóŠð÷¾ ñŸÁ‹

A
õ¬÷ŠðóŠð£ù¶
༬÷ (cylinder) Ýó‹ = 7 cm

RI
àóò‹ (Height) h = 20 cm
༬÷J¡ ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ (Total surface area) = = 2π r(h+r)

=2 x
22
7
x 7(20+7)
TE
= 44(27)
A
= 1188cm 2
༬÷J¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ (curved surface area) = 2π rh
M

22
= 2x x7x20
7
C

= 880
༬÷J¡ ªñ£ˆîŠ ðóŠ¹ = 1188cm 2 ༬÷J¡
PS

2
õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ = 880cm

44. The lateral surface area and total surface area of the cube having
TN

side 24cm are respectively

ð‚èÜ÷¾ 24 ªê.e. à¬ìò å¼ èùê¶óˆF¡ ¹øŠðóŠ¹
ñŸÁ‹ ªñ£ˆîŠ ðóŠ¹ â¡ð¶ º¬ø«ò
èù„ê¶óˆF¡ ð‚èÜ÷¾ (side) a = 24
¹øŠðóŠ¹ (Lateral surface area) = 4a2
= 4 x 24 x 24
= 2304 cm2
ªñ£ˆîŠðóŠ¹ (Total surface area = 6a2
= 6 x 24 x 24
= 3456 cm2
169
 TNPSC èí‚°

Ans : 2304 cm2, 3456 cm2

45. Curved surface area of Frustum of a cone is

å¼ Ã‹H¡ Þ¬ì‚è‡ìˆF¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ â¡ð¶
Ans : π(R+r)l sq.units.

L
46. A hemispherical bowl of radius 60 cm is filled with soap paste.
If this paste is made into cylindrical soap cakes, each of radius

A
6cm & height 2 cm. How many cakes do we get?
60ªê.e. Ýó‹ ªè£‡ì ܬó‚«è£÷ õ®õ ð£ˆFóˆF™

RI
G¬øò «ê£Š¹‚Û àœ÷¶. Üî¬ù 6 ªê.e. Ýóº‹, 2
ªê.e. àòóº‹ ªè£‡ì âˆî¬ù ༬÷ õ®õ «ê£Š¹è÷£è
ñ£Ÿøô£‹.
TE
ܬó‚«è£÷ˆF¡ èùÜ÷¾ (Volume of Hemisphere) r = 60
cm
༬÷J¡ èùÜ÷¾ (Volume of cylinder) h = 2
2 3
π r = nπ r 2h
A
3
2 20
M

x 60 x 60 x 60 = n x 6 x 6 x 2
3
14400 = n x 72
14400
C

n=
72
n = 2000
PS

47. A brick measures 20cm x 10cm x 7.5cm. How many bricks will
be required for a wall 20m x 2m x 0.75m?
TN

å¼ ªêƒè™L¡ Ü÷¾ 20ªê.e. x 10. ªê.e. x 7.5 ªê.e.

20e. x 2e. x 0.75 e. Ü÷¾œ÷ ²õ˜ 膴õ âˆî¬ù
ªêƒèŸèœ «î¬õŠð´‹ ?

Volume of wall
Number of bricks =
Volume of 1 brick
²õK¡ Ü÷¾
ªêƒèŸèO¡ â‡E‚¬è =
å¼ ªêƒè™L¡ è÷Üù¾
1m = 100 cm

170
 TNPSC èí‚°

10 10
2000 x 200 x 75
=20 x 10 x 7.5

= 20,000

L
48. The total surface area of a solid right circular cylinder is 231 cm2.

A
Its curved surface area is two thirds of the total surface area. Find
the radius and height of the cylinder.

RI
å¼ F‡ñ «ï˜õ†ì ༬÷J¡ ªñ£ˆî ¹øŠðóŠ¹ 231
ê.ªê.e. Üî¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ ªñ£ˆî ¹øŠðóŠH™ Í¡P™
Þó‡´ ðƒ° âQ™ Üî¡ Ýó‹ ñŸÁ‹ àóò‹ 裇è.
We know that the total surface area of a cylinder = 2π rh + 2π r 2
TE
Curved surface area (õ¬÷ðóŠ¹) = 2π rh + 2π r 2
2
According to the eqn. (2π rh + 2π r 2 ) = 2π rh
3
A
2 
2π r  x( h + r )  =
2π rh
3 
M

2
x( h + r ) =
h
3
C

2h + 2 r =
3h
h = 2r
PS

r = 3.5
2 x 3.5 = 7
h = 7cm
TN

2π rh + 2π r 2 = 231
2π r ( h + r ) =
231
2π r x 3r=231
r = 3.5cm

49 The ratio between the base radius and the height of a solid right
3960
circular cylinder is 2 : 5. If its curved surface area is sq.cm.
Find the height and radius. 7

171
 TNPSC èí‚°

å¼ F‡ñ «ï˜õ†ì ༬÷J¡ Ýóº‹ àòóº‹ 2:5 â¡ø

3960
MAîˆF™ àœ÷ù. Üî¡ õ¬÷ðóŠ¹ ê.ªê.e. âQ™
༬÷J¡ àòó‹ ñŸÁ‹ Ýó‹ 裇è. 7
r:h=2:5
r 2
=

L
h 5
2

A
r= h
5
Now, the curved surface area (CSA) = 2π rh (õ¬÷ðóŠ¹)

RI
22 2 3960
2x x xhxh=
7 5 7
h2 =
3960 x 7 x 5
2 x 22 x 2 x 7
TE
2
h = 225
A
h = 15cm
2
r= xh
M

5
2
r = x 15 = 6
5
C

r = 6cm
PS
TN

172
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Time and Work

(«ïó‹ ñŸÁ‹ «õ¬ô)

173
 TNPSC èí‚°

Time and Work

(«ïó‹ ñŸÁ‹ «õ¬ô)
1. A can do some work 12 days. Then B can do same work 20 days.
How many days it will take work together?

L
A â¡ðõ˜ å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò 12 èO½‹. B â¡ðõ˜ Ü«î
«õ¬ô¬ò 20 èO½‹ ªêŒî£™ Þ¼õ¼‹ «ê˜‰¶

A
Üš«õ¬ô¬ò âˆî¬ù èO™ º®Šð˜ -?

1 1

RI
A+ B = + ( part )
12 2
20 + 12 32
= = TE
240 240
4 2
= = ( part )
340 15
A
15 1
Number of days = = 7 days
2 2
M

1
= days
part
1
C

= part
days
PS

2. A can do some work 30 days. B and C can do some work 20 days,

60 days. How many days it will take work together ?
å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò A â¡ðõ˜ 30 èO½‹, B â¡ðõ˜
TN

20 èO½‹ C â¡ðõ˜ 60 èO½‹ º®Šð£˜

âQ™ Íõ¼‹ «ê˜‰¶ Üš«õ¬ô¬ò âˆî¬ù èO™
º®Šð£˜?
A=30 days, B=20 days, C=60 days

1 1 1
A+B+C
= + + (part)
30 20 60
2+3+1 6
= =
60 60
174
 TNPSC èí‚°

1
A+B+C
= (part)
10

Number of days=10 days

L
3. A can do a some work in 12 days. B can do same work in 20 days.

A
First three days A, B work together after A left. Remaining work
done by B.

RI
A å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò 12 èO™ º®Šð£˜. B Ü‰î «õ¬ô¬ò
20 èO™ º®Šð£˜. A »‹ B »‹ «ê˜‰î Üš«õ¬ô¬ò
Í¡Á ï£†èœ ªêŒî Hø° A Üš«õ¬ô¬ò M†´
TE
Mô°Aø£˜. âQ™ e÷ «õ¬ô¬ò B âˆî¬ù
èO™ º®Šð£˜.

 1 1 
3(A+B)=3  +  part
A
 12 20 
 5+3   8 
M

=3 =3 
 60   60 
4 2
= = (part)
10 5
C

2
Remaining work=1- (1=Full work)
PS

5
3
= (part)
5
TN

( ∴ Remaining work done by B) = = Remaining work

B's work

3
= 5 = 3 x 20
1 5
20
B = 12 days

175
 TNPSC èí‚°

4 A&¾‹ B ¾‹ «ê˜‰¶ å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò 12 èO™ º®‚Aø£˜.

B ¾‹ C¾‹ «ê˜‰¶ 15 èO½‹, C¾‹ A¾‹ «ê˜‰¶ 20
èO½‹ º®Šð£˜. Í¡Á «ð¼‹ «ê˜‰¶ Üš«õ¬ô¬ò
ªêŒî£™ âˆî¬ù èO™ º®Šð˜?
A+ B + C = ?
A + B = 12, B + C =15, C+A = 20

L
A
1 1 1
2( A + B + C ) =
+ +
12 15 20

RI
5 + 4 + 3 12
= =
60 60
1
2( A + B + C ) =( part )
5
TE
1
A + B + C=
A
5x2
1
A + B + C = ( parts )
M

10
No. of days = 10 days
C

5. A + B = 12 days
B + C = 15 days
PS

C + A = 20 days
A = ? days

1 1 1
2( A + B + C ) =
TN

+ +
12 15 20
5 + 4 + 3 12 1
= = =
60 60 5
1 1
A+B+C= = (part)
5x2 10
1
B+C=
15

176
 TNPSC èí‚°

1
A+ B +C =
10
 1 1
− A =−  − 
 10 15 

L
3− 2 1
=A = ( part )

A
30 30
A's days = 30 days

RI
Suppose B’s days = ?
A+ B + C = TE
1
A+ B +C =
10
A
1
C+ A=
20
M

1 1
=B −
10 20
2 −1 1
=B = ( part )
C

20 20
B's days = 20 days
PS

Suppose C’s days = ?

TN

1
A+ B +C =
10
1
A+ B =
12
1 1
C
= −
10 12
12 − 10 2 1
C
= = =
120 120 60
177
 TNPSC èí‚°

C's days = 60 days

6. If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of work in 5 days. 13 men

and 24 boys can do it in 4 days. The ratio of the daily work done
by a man to that of a boy is

L
12 ñQî˜èÀ‹, 16 ñ£íõ˜èÀ‹ «ê˜‰¶, å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò

A
䉶 èO™ º®Šð£˜èœ. 13 ñQî˜èÀ‹ 24 ñ£íõ˜èÀ‹
«ê˜‰¶ Üš«õ¬ô¬ò 4 èO™ º®Šð£˜èœ. Fùº‹

RI
ñQ, ñ£íõ¼‹ ªêŒ»‹ «õ¬ôJ¡ MAî ÃÁ-?
12 M + 16 B = 5 days
13 M + 24 B = 4 days
M:B=?
60M + 80B = 52M + 96B
TE
60M - 52M = 96B - 80B
8M = 16B
A
M 16 2
= =
B 8 1
M

M : B = 2 :1
C

7. If 12 men and 16 boys can do a piece of work in 5 days. 13 men

and 24 boys can do it in 4 days. Find the number of days taken
PS

by 12 men and 16 boys ?

12 ñQî˜èÀ‹, 16 ñ£íõ˜èÀ‹ «ê˜‰î å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò 5
èO™ º®Šð£˜èœ. 13 ñQî˜èÀ‹ 24 ñ£íõ˜èÀ‹
TN

«ê˜‰î Üš«õ¬ô¬ò 4 èO™ º®Šð£˜èœ âQ™ 12

ñQî˜èÀ‹, 16 ñ£íõ˜èÀ‹ «ê˜‰î âˆî¬ù èO™
Üš«õ¬ô¬ò º®Šð˜ ?
12 M + 16 B = 5 days
13 M + 24 B = 4 days
12 M + 16 B = ?
60M + 80 B = 52M + 96B
60M - 52M = 96B - 80B
8M = 16B

178
 TNPSC èí‚°

16 B
M=
8
M = 2B
Take 60M + 80B

L
= 60(2B) + 80 B
= 120 B + 80B

A
Total Boys = 200 B
12M + 16B = 12(2B) + 16B

RI
= 24 B + 16B
Given boys = 40 B

Total Boys 200

TE
Number of=
days = = 5 days
Given Boys 40

8.A = 10 days, B = 15 days, C = 20 days

A
A + B + C = Rs. 13,000 (earned). find the shares of A, B, C = ?
A B C
M

days 10 15 20

2 : 3 : 4 ..... (days)
C

Efficiency A = 3 x 4 = 12
B=2x4=8
PS

C=2x3=6
12 : 8 : 6
6 : 4 : 3 (Efficiency)
A's Efficiency
TN

A’s share = Total Amount x

Total efficiency
6
=13000 x
13
A = Rs. 6000
B's Efficiency
B’s share = Total Amount x
Total efficiency

179
 TNPSC èí‚°

4
=13000 x
13
B = Rs. 4000

L
C's Efficiency
C’s share = Total Amount x
Total efficiency

A
3

RI
=13000 x
13
C = Rs. 3000

9.A = 20 days, B = 30 days.

TE
A + B = 1000 (Earned)
A’s Share = ?
A
A B
days 20 30
2 : 3 (days)
M

Efficiency A = 3, B = 2
3 : 2 (efficiency)
C

A's Efficiency
A’s share = Total Amount x
Total efficiency
PS

200 3
=1000 x
5
TN

A = Rs. 600

B's Efficiency
B’s share = Total Amount x
Total efficiency
200
2
=1000 x
5
B = Rs. 400

10. 4 men (or) 6 boys can finish a piece of work in 20 days. In how
180
 TNPSC èí‚°

many days can 6 men and 11 boys finish it ?

4 Ý‡èœ (Ü) 6 ¬ðò¡èœ å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò 20 èO™
º®Šð˜. Üš«õ¬ô¬ò 6 Ý‡èœ ñŸÁ‹ 11 ¬ðò¡èœ
âˆî¬ù èO™ º®Šð˜ ?

4m = 6B = 20 days

L
6M + 11B = ? days
80M = 120B

A
120
=
M B

RI
80
3
M= B
2 TE
3  3
6M+11B=6   B+11B
2
A
=9B+11B
=20B
M

Total Boys
No.ofdays=
Goven Boys
C

120
=
20
PS

=6 days

11. A alone = 25 days

TN

B alone = 20 days
A started the work and was joined by B after 10 days. The lasted
for ?
A = 25 days
B = 20 days
A «õ¬ô¬ò ªî£ìƒA 10 ï£†èœ èNˆ¶ B «ê˜Aø£˜ âQ™
Ü‰î «õ¬ô º®»‹ ï£†èœ -?

181
 TNPSC èí‚°

2
 1 
10 A = 10   Part
 25 
5

L
= (part)
5 2 3

A
RemainingWork =1 − = ( part )
5 5
Remaining part

RI
R emainingWork done by A+B =
(A+B) part
1 1 4+5 9
A+ B = + = =
TE
25 20 100 100
3
Re mainingWork = 5
9
A
100
3 100
= x
M

5 9
20
= days
3
C

2
= 6 days
PS

12. A + B = 12 days
TN

A alone = 20 days
B alone = ? days

1 1
( A + B ) =A = −
12 20
5−3 2
=B =
60 60
1
B = ( part )
30
182
 TNPSC èí‚°

B's days = 30 days

13. A can do a certain job in 12 days. B is 60% more efficient than

A. How many days B alone take to do the same job ?
12 èO™ A â¡ðõ˜ å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò º®‚Aø£˜. B

L
â¡ðõ˜ A ä Mì 60% Fø¬ñò£ùõ˜ âQ™ B îQò£è
Ü«î «õ¬ô¬ò âˆî¬ù èO™ º®Šð£˜ ?

A
A’s efficiency x A’s day’s = B’s efficiency x B’s days
........

RI
100 x 12 = 160 x B’s days
5 3
100x12
B’s days = B is 60% more than A
160 8 TE
2
15
=
2
1
A
= 7 days
2
M

Days (èœ)

14. A works 3 times as fast as B and is sble to take a task in 24 days

less than B. Find the time in which can complete a work together?
C

A â¡ðõ˜ B äŠ «ð£™ 3 ñ샰 Fø¬ñò£ùõ˜. B ä Mì

24 ï£†èœ º¡ð£è º®‚Aø£˜ âQ™ Þ¼õ¼‹ «ê˜‰¶
PS

âˆî¬ù èO™ º®Šð˜ -?

A B
TN

Fø¬ñ 3x 1x
ï£†èœ days 1x 3x

1x − 3 x =
24
2 x = 24
x = 12
A= x
A = 12days

183
 TNPSC èí‚°

B = 3x
= 3(12)
B = 36 days

1 1

L
A+ B = +
12 36

A
3+1 4 1
= = = ( part )
36 36 9

RI
A + B = 9 days

15. P = 20 days, Q = 30 day. They started the work together and Q

TE
left after some days of work and P finished the remaining in 5
days. How many days form the start did Q leave ?

 1  1
A
5P 5=
=   ( part )
 20  4
4
M

1 3
1− =
Remining work = 4 4
C

1 1 3+ 2
P+G = + =
20 30 60
PS

5 1
= = (part)
60 12
TN

Re mainingwork
( P + Q )days =
( P + Q ) work
3
= 4
1
12
3 3
= x 12
4
(P+Q) days = 9 days

184
 TNPSC èí‚°

Alternative Days (å¡Á M†ì èœ)

16. A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days and 9 days Respectively.

They work on alternative days starting with A on the first duty. In
how many days they will be completed ?
A ñŸÁ‹ B å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò º¬ø«ò 12 ñŸÁ‹ 9 èO™

L
º®Šð˜. A ™ ªî£ìƒA A ñŸÁ‹ B å¡ÁM†ì å¡Á
èO™ «õ¬ô ªêŒA¡øù˜ âQ™ «õ¬ô¬ò º®‚è

A
Ý°‹ ï£†èœ -?

RI
A = 12 days. B = 9 days
1 1 3+ 4 7
A+ B = + = =
12 9 36 36 TE
7 x 5 < 36
7
5(A+B) = 5 x
A
36
35
(10days ) = ( part )
M

36
35 1
Re mainingwork =−
1 =
36 36
C

Remaining work
PS

Remaining Work done by A =

A work
1
= 36
1
TN

12
x12
36
1
= days
3
1
Total days = 10 days.
3

185
 Chain Rule (êƒALˆ ªî£ì˜)

17. If 35 women can do a piece of work in 16 days. In how many

days 28 women do the same work ?
35 ªð‡èœ å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò 16 èO™ º®Šð˜ âQ™
Ü«î «õ¬ô¬ò 28 ªð‡èœ âˆî¬ù èO™ º®Šð˜?

L
Women days

A
35 16
28 ?

RI
5
35 4 35
=
28
x16 = 20 days
28 TE 28 35
7

18. A student can type 21 pages in 15 minutes. At the same rate, how
long will it take the student type 84 pages ?
A
å¼ ñ£íõ¡ 21 ð‚èƒèœ 15 GIìˆF™ Ü„² Ü®‚Aø£˜
âQ™ 84 ð‚èƒè¬÷ âˆî¬ù GIìˆF™ Ü®Šð£˜?
M

ð‚è‹ GIì‹
page minutes
21 15
C

84 ?
12
PS

5
84
x 15 = 60 (minutes)
21
7
TN

19. A car covers of 765 km distance in 51 liter of pertrol. How many

km distance covers in 30 liters of pertol ?

Distance litre
765 51
? 30

186
 TNPSC èí‚°

15
30
x 765 = 450 km
51
1

20. If 14 compositors can compose 70 pages in 5 hours, How many

L
compositors can composites 100 pages of this book in 10hr.?
14 Ü„²‚«è£Šð˜õ˜èœ 70 ð‚èƒè¬÷ 5 ñE «ïóˆF™

A
º®Šð˜. âQ™ 10 ñE «ïóˆF™ 100 ð‚èƒè¬÷ º®‚è
âˆî¬ù Ü„²‚ «è£Šð˜õèœ «î¬õ ?

RI
Compositors Pages Hours
14 70 5
? 100 10
TE
10
2
100 5
A
= x x14
70 10
7
M

= 10 compositors

21. A book contain 300 pages. Each page has 32 lines with the same
C

content, How many pages will the book contain, if every page
has 24 lines ?
PS

嚪õ£¼ ð‚èˆF½‹ 32 õKè¬÷ ªè£‡ì ¹ˆîèˆF¡

ªñ£ˆî ð‚èƒèœ 300. Ü«î ªêŒF 嚪õ£¼ ð‚èˆF½‹
24 õKè÷£è Þ¼‰î£™, ¹ˆîèˆF¡ ªñ£ˆî ð‚èƒèœ
âˆî¬ù ?
TN

ð‚è‹ õK
page ines
300 32
? 24
11
100
32
= x 300
24
3

187
 TNPSC èí‚°

= 400 pages

22. If 12 men can build a wall 96 m long in 6 days. What length of a

similar wall can be built by 15 men in 3 days.
12 Ý†èœ 6 èO™ 90e c÷ºœ÷ ²õ¬ó 膮
º®ˆî£™ 15 Ý†èœ 3 èO™ âšõ÷¾ c÷ ²õŸ¬ø

L
膮 º®Šð˜?
Men Days Distance

A
Ý†èœ ï£†èœ c÷‹
12 6 90

RI
15 3 ?
4
15 3 16 TE
= x x 90
12 6
3
= 60 m
A
23. If 9 spiders make 9 webs in 9 days then 1 spider will make 1 web
in how many days ?
M

9 Cô‰Fèœ, 9 õ¬ô¬ò 9 èO™ H¡ÂAø¶. âQ™

1 Cô‰F 1 õ¬ô¬ò âˆî¬ù èO™ H¡Â‹?

Spider Web Days

C

,,,,,, ,,,,,, ,,,,,,

PS

9 9 9
1 1 ?
TN

9 1
x x 9 = 9 days
days
1 9

24. If the wages of 15 labour 6 days are Rs. 7200. Find the wages of
23 labourers for 5 days.
15 ªî£Nô£÷˜èÀ‚° 6 èÀ‚è£ù ÃL Ï. 7200 âQ™
23 ªî£Nô£÷˜èÀ‚° 5 èÀ‚è£ù ÃL âšõ÷¾ ?

188
 TNPSC èí‚°

labours Days wages

ªî£Nô£÷˜èœ ï£†èœ ÃL
15 6 7200
23 5 ?
400

L
1200

A
23 5
= x x 7200
15 6

RI
3
= 23 x 400
= Rs. 9200
TE
25. Ý†èœ «õ¬ô èœ
5 5 5
A
50 50 ?
5 50
M

= x x5
50 5
= 5 days.
C

26. å¼ «õ¬ô¬ò 210 Ý†èœ ï£À‚° 12 ñE«ïó‹ iî‹

PS

18 ï£†èœ ªêŒAø£˜. Ü«î «õ¬ô¬ò ÷£¡Á‚° 14

ñE «ïó‹ iî‹ 20 èO™ º®‚è âˆî¬ù ݆èœ
ǔ› ?
TN

Men hrs days

210 12 18
? 14 20
6 9 3
30
12 18
= x x 210
14 20
2 2
=6x9x3
= 162
189
 TNPSC èí‚°

Cemnet
27. Bag days machine
7000 12 36
? 18 24

L
2
3500
18 24
= x x 7000

A
12 36
= 2 x 3500

RI
==7000
7000
Shortcut for chain Rule.
Women days TE
35 16
28 ?
Ý†èœ x ï£†èœ = Ý†èœ x èœ
A
35 x 16 = 28 x ........
ï£†èœ = 35 x 16
28
M

=5x4
= 20 days
C

lorry tonnes
28. 6 135

PS

? 180
6 ô£K 135 ì¡è¬÷ ãŸP„ ªê™Aø¶ âQ™ 180 ì¡è¬÷
ãŸø âˆî¬ù ô£K «î¬õ ?
TN

12 4
36
180 2
= x6
135
27
93

=4 x 2
=8

190
 TNPSC èí‚°

Pipes and Cistern

(°ö£Œ ñŸÁ‹ ªî£†®)

1. å¼ è£Lò£è àœ÷ ªî£†®¬ò A â¡ø °ö£Œ ñ†´‹ 30

GIìˆF™ G󊹋. Ü«î è£Lò£ù ªî£†®¬ò b â¡ø

L
°ö£Œ ñ†´‹ 40 GIìˆF™ G󊹋. Gó‹Hò ªî£†®¬ò
c â¡ø °ö£Œ 24 GIìˆF™ ªõO«òŸÁ‹.
Empty tank → tap A → to fill 30 minutes

A
Empty tank → tap B → to fill 40 minutes
filled tank → tap C → to empty 24 minutes

RI
Tap A Tap B
fill 30 min. fill 40 min.

tank
TE
Tap C
empty 24 min.
A
å«ó «ïóˆF™ Í¡Á °ö£ŒèÀ‹, å¡ø£è Fø‰î£™
âšõ÷¾ «ïóˆF™ ªî£†® G󋹋. (A + B - C = )
M

1 1 1
A+ B +C = + − ( part )
30 40 24
C

4 + 3−5 2
= =
120 120
PS

1
= ( part )
60
Number of minutes = 60 minutes.
TN

2. Tap A → 20m → fill

Tap B → 30m → fill
Tap A + Tap B = ?
å¼ «êó Fø‰î£™ âšõ÷¾ «ïóˆF™ ªî£†® G󋹋 -?

1 1 3+2 5
A+B
= + = =
20 30 60 60

191
 TNPSC èí‚°

1
= Parts
12
No.of minutes=12 minutes

L
3. 200m x 150m x 2m Ü÷¾œ÷ c˜ˆªî£†®¬ò 1.5 x 1.25m
èù ªêšõè õ®Mô£ù °ö£Œ ñE‚° 20km «õèˆF™

A
GóŠ¹Aø¶ âQ™ ܈ªî£†® âšõ÷¾ «ïóˆF™ G󋹋 ?

RI
1.5 x 1.25 m

tank 200m x 150 m x 2m

TE lxbxh

20x1000 m
20 km/h=
A
60 min.
1000m
M

=
3min.
Volume of tank
Time taken =
Volume of pipe
C

200 x 150 x 2
=
1000
PS

1.5 x 1.25 x
3

2
TN

8 10
200 x 150 x 2 x 3
=
15 x 125
5
=16 x 6
=96 minutes.

192
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Time and Distance

(«ïó‹ ñŸÁ‹ Éó‹)

193
 TNPSC èí‚°

Time and Distance («ïó‹ ñŸÁ‹ Éó‹)

Distance km
=
Speed =
Time h

L
Éó‹
«õè‹ =
«ïó‹

A
km 1000 m
Speed
==
h 60 x 60 s

RI
1000m 10 m
= =
3600s 36 s TE
5
S= m
18 s
km = 5 m
A
h 18 s
m = 18 km
M

h 18 h
C

1. A scooterist covers a certain distance at 36 km/h/. How many

meters does he cover in 2 minutes ?
PS

å¼ Þ¼ ê‚èó õ£èù‹ 36 A.e./ñE «õèˆF™ ªê™Aø¶

âQ™ 2 GIìˆF™ èì‚°‹ Éó‹ âšõ÷¾ ?

2 5
TN

36 km = 36 x m =10 m
h 18 s s

Given time = 2 minutes

= 120 sec.
120 sec. = 120 x 10 = 1200 m

2. A man covers a certain distance at 3 m/s. How many kilometers

does he cover in 1 hour 40 minutes ?
å¼õ˜ å¼ °PŠH†ì ªî£¬ô¬õ 3e/Mù£® «õèˆF™
194
 TNPSC èí‚°

ªê™Aø£˜ âQ™ Üõ˜ 1 ñE 40 GIìˆF™ èì‚°‹ Éó‹

âšõ÷¾ -?
1 Mù£® = 3e èì‚Aø£˜
1 hr 40 mins. = 100 mins.
100 x 60 s = 3m x 6000
6000 s = 18000 m

L
= 18 km.

A
Average speed (êó£êK «õè‹)

RI
60 km/h

A B
40 km/h city TE
city

2( x x y )
Average speed (êó£êK «õè‹) =
A
x+y
2 x 60 x 40
=
M

60 + 40
2 x 60 x 40
C

=
100
PS

= 48 km

h
TN

3. If a student was at the rate of 5 km/h, he reaches the school 7 mins.

late. However if he was at the rate 6 km/h, he reaches the school
5 mins before. Find the distance between home and school ?
å¼ ñ£íõ¡ î¡ i†®L¼‰¶ ðœO‚° 5 km/h «õèˆF™
êó£êKò£è ïì‰î£™ 7 GIì‹ î£ñîñ£è ªê™Aø£˜. Ü«î
ñ£íõù 6 km/h «õèˆF™ ïì‰î£™ 5 GIì‹ º¡ùî£è
ªê™Aø£˜ âQ™ i†´‚°‹ ðœO‚°‹ Þ¬ìŠð†ì
ªî£¬ô¾ â¡ù ?

195
 TNPSC èí‚°

Student
Home School
5 km/h →7 mins. late
6 km/h → 5 mins. before

L
distance distance
=

A
slowest speed fastest speed
distance = x

RI
x x 12 min.
− =
5 6 60 TE
6 x − 5 x 12
=
30 60
x 12
A
=
30 60
12
M

x= x 30
60
x = 6 km
C

Note :
PS

late, late = x - y
before . before = x - y
late, before = x+y = 7+5 = 12
TN

4. A man travels for 5 hrs. 15 mins. If he covers the first half of the
journey at 60 km/h and the rest at 40 km/h. Find the total distance
traveled by him ?
å¼õ˜ 5 ñE 15 GIì‹ ðòí‹ ªêŒAø£˜. ºî™ ð£F
ªî£¬ô¬õ 60 km/h «õèˆF½‹, e÷ ªî£¬ô¬õ
40 km/h «õèˆF½‹ ðòE‚Aø£˜ âQ™ Üõ˜ èì‰î
ªî£¬ô¾--?

2xy
Average Speed =
x+ y
196
 TNPSC èí‚°

20 x 60 x 40
=
60 + 40
20 x 60 x 40
=
100
= 48km / h

L
A
5hrs 15min s.
12

RI
48
= 5x
= 48 x 252km
4
suppose 5 hrs. 30 mins. TE
48
= 5x
= 48 x 264km
2

5. A L¼‰¶ B ‚° ²«ów â¡ðõ˜ 15km/h «õèˆF½‹, ó«ñw

A
â¡ðõ˜ 16km/h «õèˆF½‹ ªê™Aø£˜ âQ™ AB ¡
ªî£¬ô¾ â¡ù ?
M

Suresh → 15 km/h
A Ramesh → 15 km/h B
C

Time difference = 16 mins. (« ï ó M ˆ F ò £ ê ‹ = 1 6

PS

GIìƒèœ)

x x 16
− =
15 16 60
TN

16 x − 15 x 16
=
15 x 16 60
16
x= x 15 x 16
60
x = 64 km

6. 200 e ÉóˆF™ àœ÷ å¼ F¼ì¬ù è£õ™è£ó˜ H®‚è

ºò™Aø£˜. F¼ì¡ 10km/h «õèˆF½‹ è£õ™è£ó˜ 12km/h

197
 TNPSC èí‚°

«õèˆF½‹ æ´A¡øù˜. è£õ™è£ó˜ F¼ì¬ù H®‚è

â´ˆ¶‚ªè£œÀ‹ «ïó‹ âšõ÷¾ -?

200 m
Police Thief

L
12 km/h 10 km/h

A
distance
speed =
time

RI
distance
time =
speed TE
200m
=
2km / h
5
2 km / h = 2 x
A
18
10
= m/s
M

18
200
Time =
10
C

18
PS

18
= 200 x
10
= 360 secs.
TN

T = 6 mins.
Formula

♦ Distance
Speed=
Time

«õè‹ = Éó‹ / «ïó‹

198
 TNPSC èí‚°

♦ 5 m
Km/h =
18 s

7. A train is going at a speed of 180 km/hr. In m/s its speed is ?

å¼ ªî£ì˜õ‡® 180 A.e./ñE â¡ø «õèˆF™ ªê™Aø¶

L
âQ™ Üî¡ «õè‹ e/M â¡ù ?

A
5 m
Km/h =
18 s

RI
10
5 m
180 km/h = 180 x
18 s
= 50 m/s
TE
8. In what time will a train 100m long cross an electric pole if its
speed be 30km/hr.
A
100 e. c÷ºœ÷ å¼ ÞóJô£ù¶ ñE‚° 30 A.e. «õèˆF™
ªê™Aø¶ âQ™ ܉î ÞóJô£ù¶ å¼ I¡ è‹ðˆ¬î
M

èì‚°‹ «ïó‹ â¡ù?

distance
Time =
speed
C

100m
=
5m
PS

30 x
18 s
2 6
100 x 18
TN

=
30 x 5
=12 secs.

9. In what time will a train 100m long cross 200m platform if its
speed be 30 km/h.
100 e. c÷ºœ÷ å¼ óJô£ù¶ ñE‚° 30 A../ñE
«õèˆF™ ªê™Aø¶ âQ™ ܉î óJô£ù¶ 200 e. c÷ºœ÷
ï¬ìð£¬î¬ò èì‚°‹ «ïó‹ â¡ù ?

199
 TNPSC èí‚°

distance
Time =
speed
100 + 200
=
5
30 x
18

L
2
10

A
300
= x 18
30 x 5

RI
T = 36 sec.

10.
TE
A speed of 54 km/h is the same as
54 km/h «õèñ£ù¶ â„ êñ‹ ?
(A) 13.5 m/s (B) 15 m/s (C) 21 m/s (D) 27 m/s
A
3 5
= 54 x
18
M

= 15 m / s

11. A constable is 114 m behind a thief. The constable runs 21m and
C

the thief 15m in a minute. What time will the constable catch the
thief ?
PS

å¼ è£õô˜ F¼ì¬ù Mì 114 e H¡ù£™ àœ÷£˜. è£õô˜

GIìˆFŸ° 21e. «õèˆF½‹, F¼ì¡ GIìˆFŸ° 15 e
«õèˆF½‹ æ®ù£™, è£õô˜ âšõ÷¾ «ïóˆF™ F¼ì¬ùŠ
H®Šð£˜ ?
TN

distance
Time =
speed
114
=
6
T = 19 mins.

12. A train running at 54 km/h takes 20 sec. to pass a platform. Find

200
 TNPSC èí‚°

the length of a platform ?

54 A.e./ñE «õèˆF™ ªê™½‹ ÞóJ™ õ‡® å¼
ï¬ìð£¬î¬ò 20 Mù£®èO™ èì‰î¶ âQ™ ï¬ìð£¬îJ¡
c÷‹ â¡ù?
3 5
54km / h = 54 x
18

L
= 15 m / s

A
1 Mù£®‚° = 15 e
20 Mù£®è‚° = 15 x 20 = 300 e.

RI
13. A train running at 54 km/h takes 12 secs. to pass a electric pole.
Find the length of a train ?
TE
54 A.e./ñE «õèˆF™ ªê™½‹ ÞóJ™ õ‡® å¼ I¡
è‹H¬ò 12 Mù£®èO™ èì‚Aø¶ âQ™ óJL¡ c÷‹
â¡ù ?
3 5
54km / h = 54 x
A
18
= 15 m / s
M

1 Mù£®‚° = 15 e
12 Mù£®è‚° = 15 x 12 = 300 e.
C

14. On bicycle a man covers 5 km in 20 mins. How long he can go

in 50 mins. ?
IFõ‡®J™ 5 A.e. Éóˆ¬î å¼õ˜ 20 GIìˆF™
PS

èì‚Aø£˜ âQ™ 50 GIìˆF™ Üõ˜ èì‚°‹ Éó‹ â¡ù?

(A) 10.5 km (B) 12 km (C) 12.5 km (D) 13.5 km
TN

20 mins. = 5 km
50 mins. = ?

5
1min = km
20
5 25
50 mins = x 50 =
20 2
= 12.5 km

201
 TNPSC èí‚°

15. A 220 m long train is running at a speed of 60km/h. In how much

time will cross a platform of length 460 m?
220 e. c÷ºœ÷ ªî£ì˜õ‡®ò£ù¶ 60A.e./ñE â¡ø
«õèˆF™ ªê™Aø¶ âQ™ 460 e G÷ºœ÷ ï¬ì«ñ¬ì¬ò
èì‚è Ý°‹ «ïó‹ â¡ù ?
distance

L
Time =
speed

A
220 + 460
=
60 x 5
18

RI
680
= x 18
60 x 5 TE
68 x 3 204
= =
5 5
T = 40.8 secs.
A
16. A person crosses 1200 m long street in 5 mins. What is his speed
in km/h ?
M

å¼ ïð˜ 1200 e. c÷ºœ÷ å¼ ªî¼¬õ 5 GIìƒèO™

èì‚Aø£˜ âQ™ ÜõK¡ «õ般î A.e./ñEJ™ ÃÁè.
C

1200 m 1.2 km
=S =
5 mins. 5 h
PS

60
12
1.2 x 60
=
TN

5
= 14.4 km / h

(opposite direction)
17. Train A Train B
60 km/h 40 km/h
600 m. long 400 m. long

202
 TNPSC èí‚°

distance
Time =
speed
600 + 400
=
60 + 40

L
1000m
=
100 km
h

A
10 2
1000

RI
= x 18
100 x 5
T = 36 secs. TE
Note :
Same direction → Difference
Opposite direction → Addition
A
M

18. 6 km/h 5 min earlier

(student)
5 km/h 3 mins. later
C

School time = 9 am
5 min. earlier = 8.55 am
PS

3 min late = 9.03

5 + 3 = 8 → Earlier, late
5 - 3 = 2 → Earlier - Earlier, Late - Late
TN

203
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A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Age - Problem
(õò¶ èí‚°èœ)

204
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Age - Problem (õò¶ èí‚°èœ)

Father : Son
(î : ñè¡)
7:5

L
Age of Father (îJ¡ õò¶) = 7x

A
Age of Son (ñèQ¡ õò¶) = 5x
(A) 70 (B) 69 (C) 65 (D) 76
îJ¡ õò¶ = 70 (7&¡ ñ샰)

RI
MˆFò£ê‹ = 7x - 5x = 2x
Ã´î™ = 7x + 5x = 12 x
Product of Age (ªð¼‚èŸ ðô¡) = 7x (5x) = 35x2
TE
1. The present age of father and son in the ratio 4 : 1 and after 5 years
they will be the ratio 13 : 4. Find the age of father ?
î ñŸÁ‹ ñèQ¡ õò¶ MAî‹ 4 : 1. 5 ݇´èÀ‚°
A
Hø° Üõ˜èO¡ õò¶ MAî‹ 13:4 âQ™ îJ¡ õò¶
â¡ù ?
M

(A) 50 (B) 55 (C) 60 (D) 63

îJ¡ õò¶ = 60
( 60 ñ†´«ñ 4&¡ ñ샰 Ý°‹)
îJ¡ õò¶ MAî‹ = 4 (or) î ñŸÁ‹ ñèQ¡ õò¶
C

5 ݇´èÀ‚° Hø°
PS

4 x + 5 13
=
1x + 5 4
16 x + 20 = 13x + 65
TN

3x = 45
x = 15
Father age x 4(15)
= 4= = 60

2. Father Age = 40
Son Age = 10 then
Find the ratio of son : Father ?
(A) 4 : 1 (B) 1 : 4 (C) 5 : 2 (D) 2 : 5

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Son : Father
10 : 40
1:4

3. Saran is 4 times as old as his son Rajesh, After 4 years the ratio
will be 17:5. Find Rajesh age ?

L
êó‡ õò¶ î¡ ñè¡ ó£«üw õò¬îŠ«ð£™ 4 ñ샰, 4
݇´èÀ‚° Hø° Üõ˜èO¡ õò¶èO¡ MAî‹ 17:5

A
âQ™ ó£«üw õò¶ â¡ù ?
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 20 (D) 18

RI
(saran) Father = 4x
(Rajesh) Son = 1x
4 x + 4 17
= TE
1x + 4 5
20 x + 20 = 17 x + 68
20 x − 17 x =68 − 20
A
3x = 48
48
x = 16
=
M

3
Rajesh age x 1(16)
= 1= = 16
C

4. 𣶠«ñ£è¡ = 77
êó‡ = 42
PS

㿠݇´èÀ‚° º¡¹ «ñ£è¡ ñŸÁ‹ êó‡ MAî‹ -?

«ñ£è¡ êó‡
77 42
TN

(&) 7 (&) 7
70 35
«ñ£è¡ : êó‡
70 : 35
2:1

5. The sum of the present ages of a father and his son is 60 yrs. Six
years ago, Father’s age was 5 times the age of his son. After 6
yrs. what is the son’s age ?
î ñŸÁ‹ ñèQ¡ õò¶ Ã´î™ 60. 6 õ¼ìƒèÀ‚°
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 TNPSC èí‚°

º¡¹ î ñèQ¡ õò¬îŠ «ð£™ 5 ñ샰, âQ™ 6

݇´èÀ‚° Hø° ñèQ¡ õò¶ â¡ù ?
(A) 12 yrs. (B) 14 yrs. (C) 18 yrs. (D) 20 yrs.
F + S = 60 →1
6 ݇´èÀ‚° º¡
(F-6) = 5 (S-6) →2

L
F-6 = 5S-30

A
F-5S = -24
F+S = 60 →1

RI
-6S = -84
S = 14
6 ݇´èÀ‚° Hø° ñèQ¡ õò¶ = 14 + 6 = 20
TE
6. The average age of a family consist, Father, Mother and a child
is 20. If after 7 years the age of child will be 11. What was the
average age when one day before the child is born ?
A
î,  ñŸÁ‹ °ö‰¬î êó£êK õò¶ 20. 7 ݇´èÀ‚°
Hø° °ö‰¬îJ¡ õò¶ 11. °ö‰¬î HøŠð ºî™
M

 êó£êK õò¶ â¡ù ?

(A) 24 (B) 20 (C) 18 (D) 16
𣶠°ö‰¬îJ¡ õò¶ 11-7 = 4
F +M +4
= 20
C

Average =
3
PS

F + M + 4 = 60
F + M = 56
°ö‰¬îJ¡ õò¶ 4 âQ™, î ñŸÁ‹ î£J¡ êó£êK
F + M = 56 - 8= 48
TN

48
F+M= = 24
2

2015 2023
7. Son : Father Son : Father
1:4 3:8

Find the sum of the age of son and father in 2010.

(âQ™ 2010™ ñè¡ ñŸÁ‹ îJ¡ õò¶èO¡ ôî™

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 TNPSC èí‚°

â¡ù ?
(A) 40 (B) 30 (C) 35 (D) 45
1x + 8 3
=⇒ (2023 − 2015 =
8)
4x + 8 8

L
8 x + 64 = 12 x + 24
4 x = 40

A
x = 10

RI
2015 - ™
Son
= 1= x 1(10)
= 10
Father
= 4= x 4(10)
= 40 TE
2010 - ™
Son = 10-5 = 5
A
Father = 40-5 = 35
Sum = 5 + 35 = 40
M

8. A boy is now twice as old as his sister, four yrs age, he was thrice
as old as her. What are their ages now ?
å¼ ¬ðòQ¡ õò¶ èJ¡ õò¬îŠ«ð£™ 2 ñ샰.
C

4 ݇´‚° º¡¹ 3 ñ샰 âQ™ Üõ˜èO¡ 𣿶

õò¶ â¡ù ?-
PS

(A) 18, 9 (B) 14, 7 (C) 16, 8 (D) 12, 6

Boy Sister
2x = x
2x − 4 = x − 4
TN

2x − 4 3
=
x−4 1
2 x − 4 = 3x − 12
12 − 4 = 3x − 2 x
x =8

208
 TN
PS
C
M

209
A

Logical
TE
RI
A
L
 TNPSC èí‚°

Logical
1. Fibonacci series
0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21 ........
Ques. 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ? . 34

L
Ans : 21

A
2. Prime numbers
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, .......
Ques. : 2, 3, 5, ? , 11, 13,

RI
Ans : 7

3. Square numers TE
1. 4. 9. 16. 25. 36. 49, ...
12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, .....
Ques : 1, 4, 9, 16, ............ 36
Ans : 25
A
4. 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, 48, ....
M

12-1, 22-1, 32-1, 42-1

5. Cube
1, 8, 27, 64, 125
C

13, 23, 33, 43, 53, .....

PS

6. Find the next term ?

1, 5, 11, 19, 29, ?
(A) 41 (B) 43 (C) 42 (D) 40
TN

7. Find the missing term ?

22, 32, 52, 72, ...... 132
Ans = 112

8. A, I, P, V, A, E, ?
A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
(A) E (B) F (C) G (D) H

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9. Clock

12 hrs = 78
24 hrs = 156

L
A
1-0 clock = 1 time
2-0 clock = 2 times
n( n + 1)

RI
2
12 x 13
= 78 TE
12

10. 0.02, 0.006, 0.0018, ?

(A) 0.0054 (B) 0.0036 (C) 0.00054 (D) 0.00036
A
11. Find odd man out
M

(A) Centre (B) Radius (C) Chord (D) Diameter

12. 1, 4, 6, 9, 11, 14, 16, ?

(A) 19 (B) 17 (C) 18 (D) 16
C
PS
TN

211
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A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Statistics
¹œOò™

212
 TNPSC èí‚°

Statistics (¹œOò™)
♦ Measures of central Tendancy (¬ñòŠ«ð£‚° Ü÷¬õ)
i) Arithmetic mean - êó£êK
ii) Median - Þ¬ìG¬ô

L
iii) Mode - ºè´

A
♦ Measures of Dispersion (ðóõ™ Ü÷¬õ)
i) Range - i„²

RI
ii) Mean deviation - êó£êK Mô‚è‹
iii) Quartile deviation - 裙ñ¡ Mô‚è‹
iv) Variance - Mô‚è õ˜‚è êó£êK
v) Standard deviation - F†ì Mô‚è‹
TE
vi) Co-efficient of variation - ñ£Á𣆴‚ ªè¿

i) Mean (êó£êK)
1. 2, 4, 8, 1, 7, 10
A
2 + 4 + 8 + 1 + 7 + 10 32
M

Mean = =
6 6
= 5.33
sum of Date
C

Mean =
Num of Date
PS

ôî™
êó£êK =
àÁŠ¹èO¡ â‡E‚¬è

2. If the mean of 4, x, 1, 7. 10 is 6. Then find the value of x ?

TN

4, x, 1, 7. 10&¡ êó£êK 6 âQ™ x&¡ ñFŠ¹ ò£¶ ?

Total
Mean =
No. of items
4 + x + 1 + 7 + 10
6=
5
= 22 + x
30

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 TNPSC èí‚°

x 30 − 22
=
x =8

ii) Median (Þ¬ìG¬ô)

L
3. 2, 3, 10, 4, 5, 11, 17
Ascending order (ãÁõK¬ê)

A
2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 11, 17


RI
centre
Ans : 5

4. 2, 3, 10, 4, 5, 11, 17, 9

Ascending order (ãÁõK¬ê)
TE
2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 17
5 + 9 14
A
= = = 7
2 2
M

Ans : 7

5. If the median of 2, 3, 4, x, 9, 10, 11, 17 is 7 then find the value of

x?
C

2, 3, 4, x, 9, 10, 11, 17&¡ Þ¬ìG¬ô 7 âQ™ x&¡ ñFŠ¹

ò£¶ ?
PS

2, 3, 4, x, 9, 10, 11, 17
x+9
= = 7
2
TN

x 14 − 9
=
x=5

iii) Mode (ºè´)

6. 2, 5, 7, 8, 5, 3, 10, 11, 7
ãÁõK¬ê & 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 7, 7, 7, 8, 10, 11
Maximum number of Repeated is 7
ºè´ = 7

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 TNPSC èí‚°

suppose
2, 5, 7, 8, 7, 5, 3 10,11
maximum number of repeated is 5, 7
ºè´ 5, 7

Formula

L
3 Median - 2 Mean = 1 Mode
3 Þ¬ìG¬ô & 2 êó£êK = 1 ºè´

A
II. Measures of Dispersion (ðóõ™ Ü÷¬õèœ)

RI
♦ Range (i„²)
Range = L-S
L - Largest value
S - Smallest value
TE
♦ co-effieient of Range
A
L−S
i„² ªè¿ =
L+S
M

7.8, 100, 3, 5, 16, 101, 87. 1

Range = L-S
= 101 - 1
C

Range = 100
PS

L−S
Co-efficient of Range =
L+S
100 50
=
TN

=
102 51

8,Find the range of first 100 natural numbers ?

ºî™ 100 Þò™â‡èO¡ i„² ò£¶ ?
1, 2, 3, 4, ..... 100 (Natural numbers)
Range = L-S
= 100-1
= 99
Whole numbers = 0, 1, 2, ....... 99

215
 TNPSC èí‚°

Range = 99 - 0
= 99

ii) Co-efficient of Range (ñ£Á𣆴‚ ªè¿)

9. 8, 17. 9, 99, 88, 96, 74. 1, 18

L
L−S
co-efficient of Range =
L+S

A
99 − 1 98
= = = 0.98

RI
99 + 1 100

10. Range
Jan Feb Mar

-10°C 5°C 25°C

Apr.
TE
May June

30°C 35°C 32°C 31°C 27°C 25°C

July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec

17°C -12°C -15°C

A
Range = L - S
L → Largest value (+) = 35
S → Smallest value (-) = -15
M

Range = 35-(150
= 35+15
= 50°C
C

11.
PS

Age in years 16-18 18-20 20-22 22-24 24-26 26-28

No. of students 0 4 6 8 2 2

Range = L - S
TN

= 28 - 18 (Age)
= 10 yrs

Suppose
Age in years 16-18 18-20 20-22 22-24 24-26 26-28
No. of students 2 4 0 8 2 0

Range = L - S
= 26 - 18 (Age)

216
 TNPSC èí‚°

= 10 yrs
(Consider first and last value)

Standard Deviation (F†ì Mô‚è‹)

12. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ... (or) 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, (or) 101, 102, 103, 104, 105

L
(Continuous natural numbers)
n2 − 1

A
=
12 ªî£ì˜ Þò™ â‡èO¡ F†ì Mô‚è‹

RI
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
n=5

=
n2 − 1
=
12
52 − 1
12
TE
A
25 − 1 24
= = = 2
12 12
M

Random Number («õÁð†ì â‡èœ)

13. 2, 3, 5, 6, 14, &¡ F†ìMô‚è‹ è£‡ ?

x (êó£êK) = 2 + 3 + 5 + 6 + 14 30
C

= = 6
5 5
PS

x =6

x x x- x (x - x )2
TN

2 6 -4 16
3 6 -3 9
5 6 -1 1
6 6 0 0
14 6 8 64
Total 0

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 TNPSC èí‚°

( x − x ) 2= Total= 90
x 30
∑= x 30
∑=
∑( x − x ) =
0

L
) 2 90(or ) ∑ d 2
∑( x − x=

A
∑d2 ∑( x − x ) 2
Standard deviation = (or )
n n

RI
90
= = = 18 2x3=x3 3 2
5
Note : TE
If 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 standard diviation = 2

• All numbers are add with 5 (ܬùˆ¶ â‡èÀ‹

A
5 Ý™ Æì)
1 + 5. 2+ 5, 3 + 5, 4 + 5, 5 + 5 standard deviation =
2
M

• All numbers are subtracted with 5 (ܬùˆ¶

â‡èÀì¡ 5&ä èN‚è)
(Common numbers)
C

1-5, 2-5, 3-5, 4-5, 5-5 standard deviation = 2

PS

• All numbers are multiply by 5. ( Ü ¬ ù ˆ ¶

â‡èÀì‹ 5Ý™ ªð¼‚è)
1 x 5, 2 x 5, 3 x 5, 4 x 5, 5 x 5,
TN

Standard deviation = 5 2

• All numbers are divisible by 5 ( Ü ¬ ù ˆ ¶

â‡èÀì‹ 5Ý™ õ°‚è)
1 2 3 4 5
, , , ,
5 5 5 5 5
2
Standard deviation =
5

218
 TNPSC èí‚°

14. If S.D of α, β, γ is l find.

i) SD of α + 3, β + 3, γ + 3 = ?
ii) SD of α - 3, β - 3, γ - 3 = ?
iii) SD of 3α, 3β, 3γ = ?

α β γ

L
iv) SD of , , =?
5 5 5

A
Ans :
i) SD of α + 3, β + 3, γ + 3 = l
ii) SD of α - 3, β - 3, γ - 3 = l

RI
iii) SD of 3α, 3β, 3γ = 3 l

α β γ TE l
iv) SD of , , =
5 5 5 3

15. F†ìMô‚è‹ è£‡ ? (S.D)

A
x 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
f 3 6 9 13 8 5 4
M

x f xf fd2
(x - x ) d2 (or) (x - x )2
6 3 18 -3 9 27
C

7 6 42 -2 4 24
8 9 72 -1 1 9
PS

9 13 117 0 0 0
10 8 80 1 1 8
11 5 55 2 4 20
TN

12 4 48 3 9 36
48 432 0 124

∑ xf 432
=x = = 9
N 48
∑ xf = 18 + 42 + 72 + 117 + 80 + 55 + 48
∑ xf =
432

219
 TNPSC èí‚°

N = 3 + 6 + 9 + 13 + 8 + 5 + 4
N = 48
x=9

L
∑( x − x ) =
0 (always)

A
∑ f ( x − x )2

RI
Standard deviation = N
124
= = 2.58 TE
48

Variance = SD2 (or) σ2 (Mô‚è õ˜‚è êó£êK)

A
∑d2
SD
= = 2
M

∑d2
Variance
= = 2
C

N
PS
TN

220
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Probability
Gè›îè¾

221
 TNPSC èí‚°

Probability (Gè›îè¾)
Co.efficient of variation
Coins (ï£íò‹)
♦ Head - H

L
♦ Tail - T

A
1 → H, T = 2
2 → HH, TT, HT, TH = 4

RI
3 → HHH, TTT, HTH, HHT, THH, THT, TTH, HTT = 8

Total No. of events = 2n TE

n = no. of coins
Suppose n = 5 → 2n = 25 = 32 events
A
2 - coins Toss
minimum 2H probability = ?
M

Ans : HH, TT, HT, TH = 4

minimum 2 head = HH = 1
C

1
Ans :
4
PS

3 - coins Toss
minimum 2H → probability = ?
TN

Ans : HHH, TTT, THT, HTT, TTH, HTH, THH, HHT = 8

Minimum 2 head = HHH, HTH, THH, HHT = 4

4
=
8

1
Ans =
2

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 TNPSC èí‚°

TWO DICE (Þó‡´ ðè¬ì)

(1, 1) (1, 2) (1, 3) (1, 4) (1, 5) (1, 6)

(2, 1) (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 4) (2, 5) (2, 6)

(3, 1) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 4) (3, 5) (3, 6)

L
(4, 1) (4, 2) (4, 3) (4, 4) (4, 5) (4, 6)

A
(5, 1) (5, 2) (5, 3) (5, 4) (5, 5) (5, 6)

RI
(6, 1) (6, 2) (6, 3) (6, 4) (6, 5) (6, 6) = 36

1.
TE
Two dice are rolled. Find the probability of Douplets (getting)
Þó‡´ ðè¬ìèœ à¼†ìŠð´A¡øù. å«ó ñ£FKò£ù
⇠A¬ì‚è Gè›îè¾
A
6 1
=
Douplets = (1,1) (2, 2) (3, 3) (4, 4) (5, 5) (6, 6) =
36 6
M

2. The sum of two faces greater than 10.

Þó‡´ ð‚èƒèO¡ Ã´î™ 10&‚° «ñ™ Þ¼‚è Gè›îè¾

3 1
C

greater than 10 = (5, 6) (6, 5) (6, 6) = =

36 12
PS

Suppose
All are prime numbers (Þó‡´‹ ðè£ â‡)
Prime Numbers = (2, 2) (2, 3) (2, 5) (3, 2) (3, 3) (3, 5) (5, 2) (5,
TN

9 1
3) (5, 5) = =
36 4

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 TNPSC èí‚°

CARDS (Y†´èœ)

Red Black
♦ ♥ ♠ ♣

L
Diamond Heart Hash (Spade) Cleaver
A A A A

A
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 3

RI
4 4 4 4
5 5 5 5
6 6 TE 6 6
7 7 7 7
8 8 8 8
9 9 9 9
10 10 10 10
A
J J J J
Q Q Q Q
M

K K K K
13 13 13 13
C

Total Cards = 52
Number cards = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 = 9
PS

Albhabets cards = A, J, Q, K = 4
Face Cards = J, Q, K, = 3

3. ºè„ Y†´èœ A¬ìŠðîŸè£ù Gè›îè¾ (face cards)

TN

3
52
=
1
Ans =
13

4. CõŠ¹ Y†´èœ A¬ìŠðîŸè£ù Gè›îè¾ (Red cards)

Diamond = 13, Heart = 13, Red Total = 26

224
 TNPSC èí‚°

26
=
52
1
Ans =
2

L
Suppose Red king card

A
Diamond = 1, Heart = 1, Total Red king card = 2

RI
=
52
1
Ans = TE
26
A
M
C
PS
TN

225
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Normal year
ê£ó£î£í ݇®™

226
 TNPSC èí‚°

Normal year (ê£ó£î£í ݇®™)

1, å¼ ê£îóí ݇®™ 53 ë£JÁ (Ü) Fƒèœ (Ü) ªêšõ£Œ
(Ü) ¹î¡ (Ü) Mò£ö¡ (Ü) ªõœO (Ü) êQ ñ†´‹
A¬ìŠðîŸè£ù Gè›îè¾ (ãî£õ¶ å¡Á)

L
53 Sunday

A
Monday
Tuesday

RI
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday TE 1
Saturday Ans =
7

2. Leap Year (hŠ õ¼ì‹)

A
å¼ hŠ ݇®™ 53 ë£JÁ (Ü) Fƒèœ (Ü) ªêšõ£Œ (Ü)
¹î¡ (Ü) Mò£ö¡ (Ü) ªõœO (Ü) êQ A¬ìŠðîŸè£ù
M

Gè›îè¾ (îQˆîQ«ò)

2
Ans =
7
C

1 year = 52 weeks
PS

Suppose Sunday (or) Monday

êQ, ë£JÁ 
ë£JÁ, Fƒèœ 
TN

Fƒèœ, ªêšõ£Œ 
ªêšõ£Œ, ¹î¡
¹î¡, Mò£ö¡
Mò£ö¡, ªõœO
ªõœO, êQ

3
=
7

227
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Perfect Square

228
 TNPSC èí‚°

Perfect Square
1. Which of the following should be added to make x4+64a perfect
square ?
x4+64a º¿ õ˜‚èñ£è ñ£Ÿø ÜîÂì¡ â¬î‚ Æì

L
«õ‡´‹.
(A) 4x2 (B) 16x2 (C) 8x2 (D) -8x2

A
Ans :
x=1

RI
x 4 + 64
= 1 + 64 TE
= 65

A) 4 x 2 ⇒ 4(1) 2 =
4
A
65 + 4 = 69 → Not perfect square
M

B) 16 x 2 = 16
65 + 16 = 81 → perfect square

C

Perfect square Perfect cube

12 = 1 13 = 1
PS

22 = 4 23 = 8
32 = 9 33 = 27
42 = 16 43 = 64
TN

52 = 25 53 = 125
62 = 36 63 = 216

èí‹ 125
5 125
5 25
5 5 x 5 x 5 (3 times same number)

229
 TNPSC èí‚°

125 ¡ èí‹ 5

õ˜‚è‹ - 25
5 25
5

L
5 x 5 (2 times same number)
25 â¡ð¶ 5&¡ õ˜‚è‹

A
2. Which of the following number is a perfect cube ?

RI
W›‚è‡ìõŸÁœ º¿ èí ⇠ò£¶ ?
(A) 36 (B) 100 (C) 512 (D) 75

(A) 2 36 (2 x 2 x 3 x 3 - not perfect cube)

TE
2 18
39
3
A
(B) 5 100
M

5 20
5 x 5 x 2 x 2 - not perfect cube
24
2
C

(C) 8 512
PS

8 64
8 x 8 x 8 - perfect cube
88
1
TN

Ans : 512

3. Find the least number which must be subtracted from 3250 to

make it perfect square ?
3250 â¡ø â‡EL¼‰¶ â‰î CPò ⇬í èN‚è º¿
õ˜‚èñ£°‹ ?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

230
 TNPSC èí‚°

sol. : 3250 - 1 = 3249

3 3249
31083
19 361

L
19 3 x 3 19 x 19 - perfect square

A
Ans : 1

RI
61
4. Find the cube root of 1 ?
64

1
61
&¡ ºŠð® Íô‹ 裇 ?
TE
64
61 3 125
A
Ans : 3 1 =
64 64
M

5x5x5
= 3
4x4x4
5
=
C

4
PS

5. The smallest perfect square divisible by 6, 12 and 18 is ?

6, 12 ñŸÁ‹ 18 ÝAò â‡è÷£™ õ°ð´‹ CPò õ˜‚è
⇠ⶠ?
TN

(A) 196 (B) 144 (C) 100 (D) 36

Ans : (A) 196 → 142 (B) 144 → 122 (C) 100 → 102
(D) 36 → 62

LCM 2 6,12,18 LCM = 2 x 3 x 2 x 3 x 1 = 36 (is perfect

square)
3 3,6,9
1, 2,3

231
 TNPSC èí‚°

Suppose
LCM = 8
(A) 8 (B) 16 (C) 24 (D) 30
2 x 8 = 16 (multiple of LCM (8)

L
6. The least perfect square number which is divisible by 3, 4, 5, 6
and 8 is

A
3, 4, 5, 6 ñŸÁ‹ 8 â¡ø â‡è¬÷ õ°‚°‹ Iè„ CPò º¿
õ˜‚è ⇠ⶠ?

RI
(A) 900 (B) 1200 (C) 2500 (D)3600

Ans : (A) 900  302 (B) 1200 - ? ( C )

2500  502
TE
(D) 3600  602

LCM of 2 3, 4,5,6,8 LCM = 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 x 2 = 120

2 3, 2,5,3, 4
A
3 3,1,5,3, 2
M

1,1,5,1, 2
Multiples 120  3600 = 30 x 120
Ans : 3600
C

7. The cube root of 0.027 is

PS

0.027 ¡ èùÍô‹ (ºŠð® Íô‹) â¡ù ?

(A) 3 (B) 0.003 (C) 0.03 (D) 0.3
0.027 →3 digit îœO ¹œO àœ÷¶.
3
TN

=1
3
1 digit ¹œO ¬õ‚辋

Ans : 0.3

8. The cube of 0.000027 is

0.000027 ¡ èùÍô‹ â¡ù ?
(A) 3 (B) 0.3 (C) 0.03 ( D )

232
 TNPSC èí‚°

0.003

6
0.000027 = =2
3
Ans : 0.03

L
Suppose options (A) 0.03 (B) 0.04 (C) 0.05

A
(D) 0.07
0.000027 → take 27.
3 27

RI
39 Ans : 0.03
33 TE
1
3
9. x 2
: 9 = 16 : x find x = ?
A
sol.
3
x 2
: 9 = 16 : x
M

3 1
x 2
: 9 = 16 : x 2

1
x=x 2
C

Note : 1
3
x=x 3
PS

3 1
x 2
x x 2
= 9 x 16
3 +1
x = 9 x 16
TN

2 2

2
x = 9 x 16
x = 9 x 16
x=3x4
x = 12

233
 TNPSC èí‚°

Rules :
1
x y z xyz
1. a
= a a
= xyz

a b a +b
2. x xx =x

L
xa
3. b
= x a −b
x

A
4. x a +b = x a x x b

RI
10. The value of 3 3 3 3 ....
Ans : 3
TE
Suppose
A
6 + 6 + 6 + (not consider 1st table)
3
M

6
2 Þó‡´ â‡è¬÷ ªð¼‚è 6 A¬ì‚è «õ‡´‹.
(Ü´ˆî´ˆî â‡)
C

3 x 2 = 6 (the largest number is 3)

Ans : 3
PS

Suppose
TN

6 − 6 − 6 − .....
3
6
2
3 x 2 = 6 (the smallest number is 2)

Ans : 2

Suppose

234
 TNPSC èí‚°

12 + 12 + 12 + .....
3
12
4 Ü´ˆî´ˆî Þ¼ â‡èœ
3 x 4 = 12 (the largest value = 4)

L
Ans : 4

A
11. The value of 3 2 0.015625 is
(A) 0.05 (B) 0.5 (C) 0.25 (D) 2.5

RI
sol.
3 2
0.015625 = 6 0.015625
Take the whole number
5 15625
TE
5 3125
5 625
A
5 125
M

5 25
5
= 6 0.015625 = 0.5
C

0.015625 → 6 digit
6
PS

=1
6
Ans : 0.5
TN

12. 250 â¡ø ⇬í â‰î â‡í£™ õ°‚è ܶ å¼ º¿

èí‹ Ý°‹.
5 250
5 125
5 25
5 =5x5x5x5
Ans : 5

235
 TNPSC èí‚°

13. 500 â¡ø ⇬í â‰î â‡í£™ õ°‚è ñŸÁ‹ ªð¼‚è

ܶ å¼ º¿ èí‹ Ý°‹.
õ°‚è 5 500 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 2 x 2 = 4
5 100
5 20

L
24

A
2
ªð¼‚è =5x5x5x2x2

RI
Þó‡´º¬ø 2 àœ÷¶. º¿ èíñ£è ñŸªø£¼ 2 «î¬õ
Suppose 125 = 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 ÞF™ 5 x 5 «î¬õ
=5x5
= 25
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

236
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Coding
°Pf´

237
 TNPSC èí‚°

Coding (°Pf´)
1. ALGEBRA as BKHDCQB
GEOMETRY as ?

L
Sol.
AB C D E F G H I J K LM N O PQ R STUVWXYZ

A
A+1 =B G+1 =H

RI
L-1 =K E-1 =D
G+1 =H O+1 =P
B-1 =D M-1 =L
B+1 =C E+1
TE =F
R-1 =Q T-1 =S
A+1 =B R+1 =S
Ans : HDPLFSSZ
Y+1 =Z
A
2. NGCH as LEAF
MPQY as ?
Sol.
M

N-2 =L M-2 =K
G-2 =E P-2 =N
C-2 =A Q-2 =O
C

H-2 =F Y-2 =W Ans : KNOW

PS

3. CLASSIC = XOZHHRX
CHILD = ?
Sol;
(f - first , L - last)
TN

C →f 3 X →L 3
L →f 12 O →L12
A →f 1 Z →L 1
S →f 19 = H →L 19
S →f 19 H →L 19
I →f 9 R →L 9
C →f 3 X →L 3

238
 TNPSC èí‚°

C →f 3 X →L 3
H →f 8 S →L8
I →f 9 = R →L 9
L →f 12 O →L 12
D →f 4 W →L 4
Ans : XSROW

L
4. CFI, DHL, EJO, FLR, ______ ?

A
Sol. C + 2 = F+2 = I, D + 3 = H + 3 = L, E + 4 = L + 4 = O, F +

RI
5 = L + 5 = R, G + 6 = N + 6 = U.
Ans : GNU

5. DF, GJ, KM, NQ, RT, ?

Sol.
TE
DF, GJ, KM, NQ, RT
F next letter G D next 2nd letter F
A
J next letter K G next 3rd letter J
M next letter N K next 2nd letter M
Q next letter R N next 3rd letter Q
M

T next letter U R next 2nd letter T

U next 3rd letter X
Ans : UX
C

6. 2 3B _ 6 _ F G _ 5 D _ 8 _ H I
PS

Sol.
First 2 numbers & Next 2 Albhabets
Ans : 2 3 B C 6 7 F G 4 5 D E 8 9 H I
TN

7. DIAMOND = GLDPRQG
SYSTEM = ?

239
 TNPSC èí‚°

D+3 =G S+3 =V
I+3 =L Y+3 =B
A +3 =D S +3 =V
M +3 =P T +3 =W
O +3 =R E +3 =H

L
N +3 =Q M +3 =P
D +3 =G

A
8. 1ZA, 3YB, 6XC, 10WD, ?

RI
(A) 14VE (B) 15UE (C) 12VE (D) 15VE
Take all first numbers 1, 3, 6, 10
1 + 2 = 3, 3 + 3 = 6, 6 + 4 = 10, 10 + 5 = 15
TE
Take all second numbers Z, Y, X, W
Z - 1 = Y, Y - 1 = X , X - 1 = W, W - 1 = V
Ans : (D) 15VE
A
9. If + standards for x, - standards for ÷ , x standards for - ,
÷ standards for +
M

25 + 32 - 4 x 12 ÷ 3 = ?
+ â¡ð¶ x âù¾‹ - â¡ð¶ ÷ âù¾‹, x â¡ð¶ - âù¾‹
÷ â¡ð¶ + âù¾‹ ¬õˆ¶‚ªè£‡ì£™ 25 + 32 - 4 x 12 ÷ 3
&¡ ñFŠ¹ â¡ù ?
C

25 + 32 - 4 x 12 ÷ 3
= 25 x 32 ÷ 4 - 12 + 3
PS

usind BODMAS law

= 25 x 8 - 12 + 3
= 200 - 12 + 3
= 203 - 12
TN

= 191

ab
10. If * is defined as a ∗ b = find the value of 3 ∗ (3 ∗ −1) .
a+b
ab
a ∗b = âù * â¡ø ªêòL õ¬óòÁ‚èŠð†ì£™
3 ∗ (3 ∗ −a1)+ bñFŠ¹ 裇.

3 ∗ (3 ∗ −1) (a = 3, b = -1)

240
 TNPSC èí‚°

ab
a ∗b =
a+b

3( −1)
= 3∗

L
3 −1
−3

A
=3 ∗ ⇒ ( a ∗ b)
2

RI
 −3 
3 
2
=   a = 3, b = −3
3− 3
TE2
2
−9
= 2
3
A
2
3
−9 2
= x = −3
M

2 3

11. x ∗ y = x 2 + y 2 − xy âQ™ 9 ∗11 =

?
C

x 9,=
= y 11
PS

x ∗ y = x 2 + y 2 − xy
9 ∗11 = 92 + 112 − 9(11)
=81 + 121 =99
TN

= 202 − 99
= 103

12. If 8 − 5 x 4 =
44
15 − 3 x 3 =
48
16 − 4 x 5 =
?
( - = x, x = +)

241
 TNPSC èí‚°

8 x 5 + 4 = 44
15 x 3 + 3 = 48
16 x 4 + 5 = 69
Ans : 16 - 4 x 5 = 69

L
13. If A denotes ‘x’ , B denotes ‘+’, C denotes ‘÷’, D denotes ‘-’ find
value of 25D42C6B10A5 ?

A
= 25 - 42 ÷ 6 + 10 x 5
using BODMAS

RI
= 25 - 7 + 10 x 5
= 25 - 7 + 50
= 75 - 7 TE
= 68
A
M
C
PS
TN

242
 TNPSC èí‚°

L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Algebra Formula

243
 TNPSC èí‚°

Algebra Formula

♦ (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
♦ (a - b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab

L
♦ (a + b)2 - (a - b)2 = 4ab
♦ (a + b)2 + (a - b)2 = 2(a2 + b2)

A
♦ a2 - b2 = (a + b) (a - b)

RI
♦ (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 = a3 + b3 + 3ab(a + b)
♦ (a - b)3 = a3 - b3 - 3a2b + 3ab2 = a3 - b3 - 3ab(a - b)

♦
a 3 + b3
= a + b
TE
a 2 − ab + b2
A
a 3 − b3
♦ = a−b
a 2 + ab + b2
M

1. a+b
2
a= ab 108 find
+ b2 234,= =?
a−b
C

(A) 10 (B) 8 (C) 5 (D) 4

Ans :
PS

(a+b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
= 234 + 2 (108)
= 234 + 216
TN

= 450
(a-b)2 = a2 + b2 - 2ab
= 234 - 2(108)
= 234 - 216
= 18

( a + b) 2 450
= = 25
( a − b) 2 18

244
 TNPSC èí‚°

( a + b)
= 25 5
=
( a − b)

2
 2

L
2. x
If = 3 + 1 find  x −  =
?
 x

A
2 2
=
x 3 +1

RI
2 3 −1
= x
3 +1 3 −1 TE
2 3−2 2 3−2
= = 2
( 3) − 12
3 −1
2( 3 − 1)
A
=
2
M

= 3 −1

 2 2
 ( 3 + 1) − ( 3 − 1) 
x− =
C

 x

= ( 3 + 1 − 3 + 1) 2
PS

= (2) 2
=4
TN

3. If x + y =
10
xy = 5
x y
+ = ?
y x

(A) 21 (B) 19 (C) 18 (D) 20

245
 TNPSC èí‚°

x y x2 + y2
+ =
y x xy
( x + y ) 2 = x 2 + y 2 + 2 xy
102 = x 2 + y 2 + 2(5)

L
100 = x 2 + y 2 + 10

A
x2 + y2 =
90
x 2 + y 2 90

RI
=
xy 5
= 18 TE
4. x : y= 2 : 3 find (6x - y) : (3x+2y) = ?
(A) 2 : 3 (B) 3 : 2 (C) 4 : 3 (D) 3 : 4
A
Ans :
x: y = 2:3
M

=x 2,=y 3
(6 x − y ) : (3x + 2 y )
6(2) − 3 : 3(2) + 2(3)
C

12 − 3 : 6 + 6
PS

9 :12
3 : 4
TN

246
 L
A
RI
TE
A
M
C
PS
TN

Partnership

247
 TNPSC èí‚°

Partnership

1.Manoj : Vinod
Invest (ºîh´) 120,000 : 1,35,000
Profit (Þô£ð‹) = 35,700 per year
Monaj share (ðƒ°) = ?

L
Ans:
Ratio of Manoj and Vinod investment is

A
1,20,000 : 1,35,000
24 : 27

RI
Manoj : Vinod
24 : 27 = 8 : 9
Manoj share
Manoj share = Total gain x
TE Total share
8
= 35700 x
17
A
= 16,800
Suppose
M

9
Vinod share = 35700 x
17
=18,900
C

Total gain = 18,900 - 16,800 = 35,700

PS

2. Sanjeev : Rajeev (3 months later)

36000 : 36000 (invest)
36000 x 12 : 36000 x 9
Gain (Þô£ð‹) = 37100 / year
TN

Sanjeev share = ?

Sol.
36000 x 12 : 36000 x 9
12 : 9
4:3
5300
Sanjeev share = 37100 x 4
7
= 21,200

248
 TNPSC èí‚°

5300
Rajeev share 3
= 37100 x
7
= 15,900

L
Total gain = 21,200 - 15,900 = 37,100

A
3.A started a business with Rs. 21,000 and is joined afterwards by
B with Rs. 36,000. After how many months did ‘B’ join, if the

RI
profit at the end of the year are divided equally ?
A â¡ðõ˜ Ï. 21,000 ºîh´ ªêŒAø£˜. Cô ñ£îƒèÀ‚°Š
Hø° B â¡ðõ˜ Ï. 36,000 ºîh´ ªêŒAø£˜. Þ¼õ¼‚°‹
TE
݇´ º®M™ Þô£ð‹ êñ‹ âQ™ âˆî¬ù ñ£îƒèœ
Hø° B ºîh´ ªêŒî£˜ ?
Sol.
21,000 x 12 = 36,000 (12 - x)
21,000 x 12 = 36000 x 12 - 36000 x
A
36000 x = 36000 x 12-21000 x 12
= 12(36000 - 21000)
M

36,000 x = 12(15,000)
12 x 15
x=
36 3
C

x = 5 months
PS

4. A : B : C
Invest 36000 : 45000 : 54000
Gain = 37,500 / year
TN

A’ share = ?
B’ share = ?
C’ share = ?
36000 : 45000 : 54000
4:5:6
2500
A’s share = 7500 4
37500 x
15 3

= 10,000
249
 TNPSC èí‚°

2500
5
B’s share = 37500 x
15 3
= 12,500

L
2500
6
C’s share = 37500 x
15 3

A

= 15,000

RI
5. Kavitha invested Rs. 35,000 for 8 months. Sunitha invested Rs.
42,000 for 10 months.
èMî£ Ï. 35,000 ä 8 ñ£îƒèÀ‚° ºîh´ ªêŒAø£˜.
TE
²Qî£ Ï. 42,000 ä 10 ñ£îƒèÀ‚è ºîh´ ªêŒAø£˜.
Gain = 31,570
Kavitha share = ?
Sunitha share = ?
A
Sol.
M

Kavitha : Sunitha
35000 x 8 : 42000 x 10
280 : 420
2:3
C

6314
2
Kavitha share = 31570 x
PS

5
= 12,628

6314
TN

Sunitha share = 31570 x 3

5
= 18,942

6. Jayant : mahdan
Started with 2 months later
30,000 : 45,000
Þô£ð‹ : 54000
Jayanth share = ?

250
 TNPSC èí‚°

Madhan share = ?
Sol.
Jayant : Madhan
30,000 x 12 : 45000 x 10
360 : 450
4:5

L
6000
Jayant share = 54000 x 4

A
9

RI
= 24,000

6000
Madhan share = 54000 x 5 TE 9
= 30,000

7. Alok : Shabir
A
Started with After 3 months
90,000 : 1,20,000
M

Profit = 39,000 / 2 years (24 months)

Difference gain amount = ?

Þ¼õK¡ Þô£ð MˆFò£ê‹ â¡ù ?
C

3 8 4 7
90,000 x 24 : 1,20,000 x 21
PS

2
3x8:4x7
6:7
TN

Alok -Shabir
Difference = 39,000 x
Total
3000 1
= 39,000 x
13
= 3000

(Another model)

251
 TNPSC èí‚°

3000 6
Alok share = 39,000 x
13
= 18,000

3000 7

L
Shabir share = 39,000 x
13

A
= 21,000
Difference = 21000 - 18000 = 3000

RI
8. If 4 (A’s capital) = 6 (B’s capital)
= 10 (C’s capital)
The cut of a profit of Rs. 4650, C will receive ?
TE
4(A’ ¡ ºîh´) = 6 (B’ ¡ ºîh´) = 10(C’¡ ºîh´)
ªñ£ˆî Þô£ð‹ Ï. 4650 âQ™ C ¡ Þô£ð‹ âšõ÷¾ -?
Sol.
4A = 6B = 10C
A
A: B : C
4A = 6B = 10C
M

2A = 3B = 5C

A 3 x 5 = 15
B 2 x 5 = 10
C

C 2x3=6
PS

15 : 10 : 6

150 6
C’s share (C ¡ ðƒ°) = 4650 x
TN

13
= 150 x 6
= 900

A B C
Note : = =
3 2 5
A: B : C = 3 : 2 : 5

Note : 2A = 3B = 5C

252
 TNPSC èí‚°

A : B : C = 15 : 10 : 6

Ans : C’¡ Þô£ð ðƒ° = Rs. 900/-

Note : If 3A = 5B = 2C then find A : B : C = ?

Ans : 10 : 6 : 15

L
9. Three partners A, B, C start a business, Twice A’s capital is equal

A
to thrice B’s capital and B’s capital is four times C’s capital out
of a total profit of Rs. 16,500 to the end of the year, B’s share is

RI
....... ?
Í ¡ Á º î h † ì £ ÷ ˜ è œ A, B, C å ¼ ª î £ N ¬ ô
ªî£ìƒ°A¡øù˜. A ¡ Þó‡´ ñ샰 ºîh´ B¡
TE
Í¡Á ñ샰 ºîh´‚°„ êñ‹. ªñ£ˆî Þô£ð‹ Ï.
16,500 âQ™ A ¡ Þô£ð‹ âšõ÷¾ -?

2A = 3B B = 4C
A
A:B B:C
3:2 4:1
M

A:B:C
6:4:1
12 : 8 : 2 
C

1500
B ¡ Þô£ð‹ = 16500 x
4 = 6000
PS

11
1500
C ¡ Þô£ð‹ = 16500 x
1 = 1500
11
TN

1500
A ¡ Þô£ð‹ = 16500 x
6 = 9000
11
Note :
If A : B = 3 : 2 and B : C = 4 : 1 find A : B : C = ?
3:2
4:1
A : B : C = 12 : 8 : 2 = 6 : 4 : 1

253
 TN
PS
C
M

254
A

Clock
TE
RI
A
L
 TNPSC èí‚°

Clock

Minute hand Hour hand

GIì ºœ

L
ñE ºœ

12 Hrs. 24 hours

A
22 times 44 times

RI
1.
Perpendicular
ªêƒ°ˆî£è
TE
11 times 22 times
2.
A
Opposite
«ï˜°ˆî£è
M

11 times 22 times
C

3.
Joined together
PS

å¡P¡ «ñ™ å¡ø£è

1 ñE = 1 ªð™
2 ñE & 2 ªð™
TN

3 ñE & 3 ªð™ ......

12 ñE & 12 ªð™

n( n + 1) 12 x 13
= = = 78 times
2 2

Note : 1 day (24 hours) = 2 x 78 = 156

Angle b/w Hour hand and Minute hand.

255
 TNPSC èí‚°

ñE ºœÀ‚°‹ GIì ºœÀ‚°‹ Þ¬ìŠð†ì «è£í‹

11 12
1
10 2

L
9 3

A
8 4

RI
7 6 5
}

30 °
30
}
°
}
}

30° 30° TE
• 8.20 = 120° + 10° = 130°
• 3.40 = 150° - 20° = 130°
• 4.20 = 0° + 10° = 10°
A
• 7.20 = 90° + 10° = 100°
• 7.50 = 90° + 25° = 65°
M

GIì ºœ ñE ºœÀ‚° º¡ (-)

GIì ºœ ñE ºœÀ‚° H¡ (+)

C
PS
TN

256