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SUMMARIZE

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views6 pages

SUMMARIZE

Uploaded by

igorbercasio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MAIN ENGINE

 The main engine is the powerhouse of any vessel, responsible for generating power and propulsion.
There are two primary types: Diesel and Gas engines.
 Diesel engines rely on compression for combustion.
 Gas engines use spark plugs for ignition.
These engines operate on two different cycles:
 The 4-stroke cycle completes in four strokes of a piston.
 The 2-stroke cycle completes in two strokes of a piston.
Advantages and disadvantages:
Four-Stroke Engine: Two-Stroke Engine:
 Better fuel efficiency and lower emissions.  Simpler design, lighter, and more compact.
 More complex and requires more maintenance.  Poorer fuel efficiency and higher emissions.

BOILER
 Boilers are crucial onboard, generating steam for various purposes such as heating, electricity production, and
propelling turbines.
Here's how they work:
1. Water is fed into the boiler through a feed pump.
2. The burner ignites, heating the water and creating high-pressure steam.
3. This steam is then directed to the ship's turbines or engines, propelling the ship forward.
4. After its work is done, the steam may be condensed back into water for reuse or released into the
atmosphere.
There are two main types of boilers:
 Water tube boiler: Water is circulated through tubes surrounded by hot combustion gases.
 Fire tube boiler: Water or another fluid to be heated flows through tubes surrounded by fire.

TURBINE
The steam turbine is a vital device for converting the energy stored in steam into mechanical work.
Here's how it functions:
1. Steam Creation: Water is heated to make steam. Just like when you boil water on a stove.
2. Steam Power: The steam is like a powerful wind that pushes against spinning blades. This makes them turn.
3. Turning Motion: As the blades turn, they're connected to systems on the ship, like propellers or generators.
It's a bit like wind turning a windmill to make electricity.
4. Cooling Down: After doing its job, the steam cools down and turns back into water. This happens with the
help of seawater.
5. Reuse: The water isn't wasted. It's sent back to be heated again, starting the cycle all over again.
GENERATOR
 Generators are essential onboard for producing electricity to power the ship's lights, navigation equipment,
communication systems, and other machinery. They are typically powered by diesel or gasoline to produce electrical
energy inside the generator.
Automatic Start:
1. In automatic start, the generator starts itself based on load requirements.
2. Operators use a computer-based Power Management System (PMS) to start the generator. They access the generator
page and click start.
3. The automation follows a sequence of starting, matching voltage and frequency, and the generator comes online
automatically.
4. During a blackout or dead ship condition, the operator may need to start the generator manually.
Manual Start of Generator:
1. Ensure all valves and lines are open, and no interlocks are active.
2. Check for water leakage by opening indicator cocks and giving a small air kick using the starting lever.
3. Start the generator locally if no leakage is found and report any leaks.
4. Close the indicator cocks and restart the generator locally.
5. Let the generator run on no load for around 5 minutes before switching to remote mode.
6. If automation is not working, manually check voltage and frequency parameters on the generator panel.
7. Adjust frequency and monitor the synchroscope to ensure the correct speed.
8. Press the breaker when the synchroscope needle reaches the 11 o'clock position, ensuring experienced supervision to
avoid accidents or blackouts.
9. Finally, check the generator parameters for any abnormalities.

REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
 Refrigeration is the process of removing heat to lower or maintain the temperature of a space, substance, or system
below the surrounding temperature.
The refrigeration cycle consists of four main processes:
1. Compression 3. Expansion
2. Condensation 4. Evaporation
Here's how the cycle works:
1. The cycle begins with the circulation of a low-boiling point refrigerant.
2. In the evaporator, the refrigerant absorbs heat from the cooled substance, turning into a low-pressure gas.
3. The gas is then compressed by a compressor, increasing its temperature and pressure.
4. In the condenser coils, the high-pressure gas releases heat, condensing into a liquid.
5. Passing through an expansion valve, its pressure drops, causing a temperature decrease, ready to absorb heat
effectively in the next cycle.
HEAT EXCHANGERS

 Heat exchangers are used to transfer heat between different fluids, such as seawater and engine cooling water.
Two main types of heat exchangers:
1. Shell and Tube Type: A tube bundle is fitted into a shell.
2. Plate Type: Several plates pressed against each other and held together in a frame.
The cycle of a heat exchanger:
1. Heating Phase: Hot fluid enters and gives off its heat to the exchanger's walls.
2. Heat Transfer: Cold fluid flows around the exchanger, absorbing heat from the hot fluid.
3. Cooling Phase: The hot fluid cools down as it exits, while the cold fluid gets hotter as it absorbs the heat.
4. Regeneration: Fluids may circulate again for continuous heat exchange.

STARTING AIR SYSTEM

 The starting air system provides compressed air to start the main propulsion diesel engine or auxiliary engines.
Compressed air is essential for initiating the combustion process in the engine cylinders, especially when the engine is
not running and cannot generate its own compression.
 The starting air system is like the engine's wakeup call, especially for large marine diesel engines that can't always kick-
start themselves due to their size or other reasons. It's crucial for getting the engine going safely and ensuring the ship
can move and generate power smoothly.
Starting Air System Operation:
1. Before starting the engine, the starting air system is turned on, and the air compressor starts pressurizing the air
receiver tank.
2. When initiating engine start-up, the starting air valves for the respective cylinders are opened one by one. This allows
compressed air to enter the cylinders, initiating movement of the pistons.
3. As the engine gains speed, it begins generating its own compression. Fuel injection and ignition commence,
transitioning the engine from air starting to combustion-based operation.
4. Once the engine is running smoothly, the starting air system is turned off. The engine continues to operate
independently, utilizing its own compression and combustion processes.
AIR COMPRESSOR
 The compressors are used to compress air for a variety of purposes, such as powering pneumatic tools and
operating air-driven machinery.
OPERATION AIR COMPRESSOR
The ship's air compressor system serves various critical functions:
1. Main Air Compressor: 4. Air Drier:
 Supplies high-pressure air to start diesel  Removes moisture from the air to prevent
engines. corrosion and damage to components.
 Air is stored in the main air reservoir. 5. Interconnecting Valve:
2. Pressure-Reducing Valve:  Connects control and service airlines.
 Reduces the pressure of air from the main  Supplies low-pressure air for controls during
reservoir to supply low-pressure air for other maintenance of the control air compressor.
components like driving air motors for 6. Emergency Air Compressor:
gangways.  Operates independently of the ship's main
3. Control Air Compressor: power system.
 Supplies low-pressure air for control systems.  Supplies air to the emergency air reservoir.
 Air is stored in the control air reservoir.  Used for starting generators during power
failures or emergencies.

FRESH WATER GENERATORS

 Fresh water generators (FWG) are essential onboard marine vessels as they convert seawater (saltwater) into fresh
water through distillation.
Operation of FWG:

 Seawater is pumped from the sea to the fresh water generator (FWG). The Seawater flows through the condenser, then
the evaporator, and finally through the ejector. The portion of seawater is also sent directly to the ejector from the
condenser to maintain the vacuum inside the generator.
How does the FWG create a vacuum:
 An ejector/eductor is used to create and maintain a vacuum within the shell of the FWG.
 The ejector also removes brine (water with high salinity) from the lower part of the shell, ensuring efficient freshwater
production.
PURIFIER AND CLARIFIER
 Purifiers are essential for removing contamination from liquids such as fuel and oils. They work by separating water and
other impurities from the oil mixture based on density differences. Imagine fuel mixed with water; a purifier can
effectively separate the fuel from the water, providing clean fuel for use.

 A clarifier is a type of centrifugal separator used to remove solid impurities from fuel. While primarily designed for
removing solid particles, a clarifier can also separate some quantity of water from the fuel.
Difference between Purifier and Clarifier:
Purifier: Clarifier:

 Uses gravity discs to create an interface between oil  Uses clarifier discs.
and water.  Does not separate water from oil.
 Separates water from oil and removes solid  Only removes solid impurities.
impurities.  Discs have no holes and only separate solid
 Discs have no holes and only separate solid particles. particles.
 Has only one outlet on top.  Has only one outlet on top.

LUBE OIL SYSTEM

 It is responsible for the cooling and lubrication of the components which are operating in conjunction with each other,
causing frictional wear and other kinds of mechanical stress.
 The job of the lubrication system is to distribute oil to the moving parts to reduce friction between surfaces which rub
against each other.
FUEL OIL SYSTEM

 A piping system that provides fuel to various equipment on the ship through pipelines and fuel delivery pumps.
 The fuel oil system plays a critical role in the operation of the ship, providing the necessary fuel for propulsion and
power generation while ensuring operational efficiency, reliability, and safety at sea.
 The purpose of the fuel oil system onboard a ship is to ensure the efficient and reliable supply, storage, transfer, and
combustion of fuel oil for the propulsion and power generation systems.
OILY WATER SEPARATOR

 An oily water separator is vital onboard ships to separate oil from water before discharging the dirty water. Its main
purpose is to remove hydrocarbons from oily water, ensuring cleaner effluent for safe discharge overboard.
 The function of an oily water separator is to separate the maximum amount of oil particles from water collected from
engine room or cargo hold bilges, oil tanks, and oil-contaminated spaces.
 It is used on ships to prevent the discharge of oil overboard, especially during the pumping out of bilges, and for
deballasting or cleaning oil tanks.
The Oily Water Separator (OWS) on a ship follows a simple yet important cycle:

 Dirty water mixed with oil is collected from various spots on the ship, such as engine room drains. Once collected, it
enters a separator machine where large particles and free-floating oil are removed. Next, the water passes through
special filters to separate even more oil from tiny droplets. Any remaining oil and small particles are captured in
another step. Throughout this process, the water quality is continuously checked to ensure it meets regulations for
discharge overboard. Once the water is clean enough, it can be safely discharged into the sea or reused on the ship.
Regular check-ups and cleaning of the separator machine are necessary to keep it working properly and in compliance
with regulations.

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