SL 2024-07-16T15:19:31.07 Report
SL 2024-07-16T15:19:31.07 Report
SL 2024-07-16T15:19:31.07 Report
Test Report
HEMOGRAM
(DC Detection, Flow Cytometry, SLS, & Capillary photometry)
Hemoglobin 14.70 g/dL 13.00 - 17.00
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Test Report
E.S.R. 2 mm/hr 0 - 15
Comment
In anaemic conditions Mentzer index is used to differentiate Iron Deficiency Anaemia from Beta- Thalassemia
trait. If Mentzer Index value is >13, there is probability of Iron Deficiency Anaemia. A value <13 indicates likelihood
of Beta- Thalassemia trait and Hb HPLC is advised to rule out the Thalassemia trait.
Note
1. As per the recommendation of International council for Standardization in Hematology, the differential
leucocyte counts are additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of
blood
2. Test conducted on EDTA whole blood
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GFR Category G1
BUN/Creatinine Ratio 15
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Note
1. Estimated GFR (eGFR) calculated using the 2021 CKD-EPI creatinine equation and GFR Category
reported as per KDIGO guideline 2012.
2. eGFR category G1 or G2 does not fulfil the criteria for CKD, in the absence of evidence of kidney
damage
3. The BUN-to-creatinine ratio is used to differentiate prerenal and postrenal azotemia from renal
azotemia. Because of considerable variability, it should be used only as a rough guide. Normally, the
BUN/creatinine ratio is about 10:1
Note
1. Measurements in the same patient can show physiological & analytical variations. Three serial
samples 1 week apart are recommended for Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL& LDL Cholesterol.
2. Friedewald equation to calculate LDL cholesterol is most accurate when Triglyceride level is < 400
mg/dL. Measurement of Direct LDL cholesterol is recommended when Triglyceride level is > 400
mg/dL
3. Lipid Association of India (LAI) recommends screening of all adults above the age of 20 years for
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| RISK | TREATMENT GOAL | CONSIDER THERAPY |
| CATEGORY |-----------------------------------------|-------------------------------------|
| | LDL CHOLESTEROL | NON HDL CHLOESTEROL| LDL CHOLESTEROL| NON HDL CHLOESTEROL|
| | (LDL-C)(mg/dL) | (NON HDL-C) (mg/dL)| (LDL-C)(mg/dL) | (NON HDL-C) (mg/dL)|
|------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|--------------------|
| Extreme | <50 | <80 | | |
| Risk Group |(Optional goal ≤30) |(Optional goal ≤60) | ≥50 | ≥80 |
| Category A | | | | |
|------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|--------------------|
| Extreme | | | | |
| Risk Group | ≤30 | ≤60 | >30 | >60 |
| Category B | | | | |
|------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|--------------------|
| Very | <50 | <80 | ≥50 | ≥80 |
| High | | | | |
|------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|--------------------|
| High | <70 | <100 | ≥70 | ≥100 |
|------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|--------------------|
| Moderate | <100 | <130 | ≥100 | ≥130 |
|------------|--------------------|--------------------|----------------|--------------------|
| Low | <100 | <130 | ≥130* | ≥160* |
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*In low risk patient, consider therapy after an initial non-pharmacological intervention for at
least 3 months
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Interpretation
HbA1c result is suggestive of non diabetic adults (>=18 years)/ well controlled Diabetes in a known Diabetic
Interpretation as per American Diabetes Association (ADA) Guidelines
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Reference Group | Non diabetic | At risk | Diagnosing | Therapeutic goals |
| | adults >=18 years | (Prediabetes) | Diabetes | for glycemic control |
| ----------------|-------------------|---------------|-------------|----------------------|
| HbA1c in % | 4.0-5.6 | 5.7-6.4 | >= 6.5 | <7.0 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Presence of Hemoglobin variants and/or conditions that affect red cell turnover must be considered,
particularly when the HbA1C result does not correlate with the patient’s blood glucose levels.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| FACTORS THAT INTERFERE WITH HbA1C | FACTORS THAT AFFECT INTERPRETATION |
| MEASUREMENT | OF HBA1C RESULTS |
|--------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Hemoglobin variants,elevated fetal | Any condition that shortens erythrocyte |
| hemoglobin (HbF) and chemically | survival or decreases mean erythrocyte |
| modified derivatives of hemoglobin | age (e.g.,recovery from acute blood loss,|
| (e.g. carbamylated Hb in patients | hemolytic anemia, HbSS, HbCC, and HbSC) |
| with renal failure) can affect the | will falsely lower HbA1c test results |
| accuracy of HbA1c measurements | regardless of the assay method used.Iron |
| | deficiency anemia is associated with |
| | higher HbA1c |
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FERRITIN, SERUM
(CLIA)
Note: Increase in serum ferritin due to inflammatory conditions (Acute phase response) can mask a
diagnostically low result
Comments
Serum ferritin appears to be in equilibrium with tissue ferritin and is a good indicator of storage iron in normal
subjects and in most disorders. In patients with some hepatocellular diseases, malignancies and inflammatory
diseases, serum ferritin is a disproportionately high estimate of storage iron because serum ferritin is an
acute phase reactant. In such disorders iron deficiency anemia may exist with a normal serum ferritin
concentration. In the presence of inflammation, persons with low serum ferritin are likely to respond to iron
therapy.
Increased Levels
· Iron overload - Hemochromatosis, Thalassemia & Sideroblastic anemia
· Malignant conditions - Acute myeloblastic & Lymphoblastic leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease & Breast
carcinoma
· Inflammatory diseases - Pulmonary infections, Osteomyelitis, Chronic UTI, Rheumatoid arthritis, SLE,
burns
· Acute & Chronic hepatocellular disease
Decreased Levels
Iron deficiency anemia
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Comments
Iron is an essential trace mineral element which forms an important component of hemoglobin,
metallocompounds and Vitamin A. Deficiency of iron, leads to microcytic hypochromic anemia. The toxic
effects of iron are deposition of iron in various organs of the body and hemochromatosis.
Total Iron Binding capacity (TIBC) is a direct measure of the protein Transferrin which transports iron from
the gut to storage sites in the bone marrow. In iron deficiency anemia, serum iron is reduced and TIBC
increases.
Transferrin Saturation occurs in Idiopathic hemochromatosis and Transfusional hemosiderosis where no
unsaturated iron binding capacity is available for iron mobilization. Similar condition is seen in congenital
deficiency of Transferrin.
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Gross Examination
pH 5 5.0 - 8.0
Microscopy
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Test Report
Dr Rachna Malik
MD, Pathology
Consultant Pathologist
Dr Lal PathLabs Ltd
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
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ŸLaboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should be clinically correlated by the Referring Physician .ŸReport
delivery may be delayed due to unforeseen circumstances. Inconvenience is regretted .ŸCertain tests may require further testing at additional cost
for derivation of exact value. Kindly submit request within 72 hours post reporting.ŸTest results may show interlaboratory variations .ŸThe
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