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Test Report
HEMOGRAM
(Photometry, Electrical Impedance, Optical/Impedance, Calculated & Capillary Photometry )
Hemoglobin 14.40 g/dL 13.00 - 17.00
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Comment
In anaemic conditions Mentzer index is used to differentiate Iron Deficiency Anaemia from Beta- Thalassemia
trait. If Mentzer Index value is >13, there is probability of Iron Deficiency Anaemia. A value <13 indicates likelihood
of Beta- Thalassemia trait and Hb HPLC is advised to rule out the Thalassemia trait.
Note
1. As per the recommendation of International council for Standardization in Hematology, the differential
leucocyte counts are additionally being reported as absolute numbers of each cell in per unit volume of
blood
2. Test conducted on EDTA whole blood
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Test Report
Note
· The assay measures both D2 (Ergocalciferol) and D3 (Cholecalciferol) metabolites of vitamin D.
· 25 (OH)D is influenced by sunlight, latitude, skin pigmentation, sunscreen use and hepatic function.
· Optimal calcium absorption requires vitamin D 25 (OH) levels exceeding 75 nmol/L.
· It shows seasonal variation, with values being 40-50% lower in winter than in summer.
· Levels vary with age and are increased in pregnancy.
· A new test Vitamin D, Ultrasensitive by LC-MS/MS is also available
Comments
Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium and phosphorus and mineralization of bones and teeth. Deficiency
in children causes Rickets and in adults leads to Osteomalacia. It can also lead to Hypocalcemia and
Tetany. Vitamin D status is best determined by measurement of 25 hydroxy vitamin D, as it is the major
circulating form and has longer half life (2-3 weeks) than 1,25 Dihydroxy vitamin D (5-8 hrs).
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Decreased Levels
· Inadequate exposure to sunlight
· Dietary deficiency
· Vitamin D malabsorption
· Severe Hepatocellular disease
· Drugs like Anticonvulsants
· Nephrotic syndrome
Increased levels
Vitamin D intoxication
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* All reactive results should be subjected to HBsAg Neutralization test which can be requested as Test Code
S116.
Note
1. Reactive test result indicates presence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. It cannot differentiate between
the stages of Hepatitis B viral infection.
2. Non-Reactive test result indicates absence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen.
3. False positive results may be observed in presence of heterophilic antibodies in serum or after HBV
vaccination for transient period of time.
4. False negative reaction may be due to processing of sample collected early in the course of disease
or presence of mutant forms of HBsAg.
5. For monitoring HBsAg levels, HBsAg Quantitative assay is recommended.
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Note
1. Reactive test result indicates presence of Hepatitis C virus infection. Active infection to be confirmed
by HCV RNA PCR test. It cannot differentiate between the stages of Hepatitis C viral infection nor
used to monitor the efficacy of treatment.
2. Non-Reactive test result indicates Hepatitis C virus infection is unlikely.
3. False positive results may be observed in patients receiving mouse monoclonal antibodies, on
heparin therapy, on biotin supplements for diagnosis or therapy or presence of heterophilic antibodies
in serum.
4. False negative reaction may be due to processing of sample collected early in the course of disease,
Prozone phenomenon, Immunosuppression & Immuno-incompetence.
5. Test conducted on serum.
Uses
· To diagnose suspected HCV infection in risk group.
· Prenatal Screening of pregnant women and pre surgical/interventional procedures work up.
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Interpretation
HbA1c result is suggestive of Diabetes/ well controlled Diabetes in a known Diabetic
Interpretation as per American Diabetes Association (ADA) Guidelines
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Reference Group | Non diabetic | At risk | Diagnosing | Therapeutic goals |
| | adults >=18 years | (Prediabetes) | Diabetes | for glycemic control |
| ----------------|-------------------|---------------|-------------|----------------------|
| HbA1c in % | 4.0-5.6 | 5.7-6.4 | >= 6.5 | <7.0 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: Presence of Hemoglobin variants and/or conditions that affect red cell turnover must be considered,
particularly when the HbA1C result does not correlate with the patient’s blood glucose levels.
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| FACTORS THAT INTERFERE WITH HbA1C | FACTORS THAT AFFECT INTERPRETATION |
| MEASUREMENT | OF HBA1C RESULTS |
|--------------------------------------|------------------------------------------|
| Hemoglobin variants,elevated fetal | Any condition that shortens erythrocyte |
| hemoglobin (HbF) and chemically | survival or decreases mean erythrocyte |
| modified derivatives of hemoglobin | age (e.g.,recovery from acute blood loss,|
| (e.g. carbamylated Hb in patients | hemolytic anemia, HbSS, HbCC, and HbSC) |
| with renal failure) can affect the | will falsely lower HbA1c test results |
| accuracy of HbA1c measurements | regardless of the assay method used.Iron |
| | deficiency anemia is associated with |
| | higher HbA1c |
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Dr Sushant Gupta
MD, Pathology TJ&KMRC-2353
Chief of Laboratory
Dr Lal PathLabs Ltd
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Test Report
IMPORTANT INSTRUCTIONS
ŸTest results released pertain to the specimen submitted .ŸAll test results are dependent on the quality of the sample received by the Laboratory .
ŸLaboratory investigations are only a tool to facilitate in arriving at a diagnosis and should be clinically correlated by the Referring Physician .ŸReport
delivery may be delayed due to unforeseen circumstances. Inconvenience is regretted .ŸCertain tests may require further testing at additional cost
for derivation of exact value. Kindly submit request within 72 hours post reporting.ŸTest results may show interlaboratory variations .ŸThe
Courts/Forum at Delhi shall have exclusive jurisdiction in all disputes /claims concerning the test(s) & or results of test(s).ŸTest results are not valid
for medico legal purposes.ŸThis is computer generated medical diagnostic report that has been validated by Authorized Medical
Practitioner/Doctor. ŸThe report does not need physical signature.
(#) Sample drawn from outside source.
If Test results are alarming or unexpected, client is advised to contact the Customer Care immediately for possible remedial action.
Tel: +91-11-49885050,Fax: - +91-11-2788-2134, E-mail: lalpathlabs@lalpathlabs.com
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