Soil and Water Mock Exam

SOIL AND WATER MOCK EXAM
I. PROBLEM SOLVING
1. The La Mesa dam reservoir is said to be near the critical level of water shortage.
Assuming that it is already in the critical level, 80 m in its monitoring gage, if the average
area of the reservoir water surface is approximately 6 sq km and if under normal
conditions 90% of the total rainfall that falls in the watershed finds its way to the
reservoir, what amount of rainfall in millimeters over the watershed is needed to raise the
water level of the reservoir by 2 meters? Watershed area is 2700 hectares
2. The diameter of the measuring tube in inches of an 8-inch standard rain gage is?
3. Areas (ha) and rainfall depths (mm) in 6 gaging stations are as follows: (65,46), (150,55),
(269,57), (216,55), (56,41) and (136,46). What is the average rainfall using the Thiessen
method.
4. The maximum length of flow is 600 m and the difference in elevation along this path is 3
m. What is the time of concentration in minutes?
5. The runoff coefficient C is 0.10 and the intensity of rainfall for the time of concentration in
problem 40 is 3.8 inches per hour, what is the design peak runoff rate in cum per second
for a 16 ha watershed?
6. The total rainfall for the month of May was 600 mm as measured by an 8-inch standard
rain gage. What is the average daily rainfall for the month?
7. Determine the velocity of flow in a parabolic, a triangular, and a trapezoidal-shaped
waterway, all having a cross-sectional area of 2 sq m, a depth of flow of 0.3 m. a channel
slope of 4 percent, and a roughness coefficient of 0.04. Assume 4:1 side slopes for the
trapezoidal cross section
8. Design a parabolic-shaped grassed waterway to carry 1.5 cu m/s. The soil is easily-
eroded, the channel has a slope of 4 percent, and a good stand of Bermuda grass, cut to
60 mm, is to be maintained in the waterway.
9. Design a trapezoidal-shaped waterway with 4:1 side slopes to carry 0.6 cu m/s where
the soil is resistant to erosion and the channel has a slope of 5 percent. Brome grass in
the channel may be either mowed or long when maximum flow is expected
II. TRUE OR FALSE
1. The default hydrologic soil group used in the rational method

is hydrologic soil group C.
2. In the rational method, the time * to peak is equal to the time

of concentration Tc and the storm duration D.
3. Hydrologic soil groups A to D correspond to increasing runoff

potentials.
4. One assumption of the rational method is that rainfall occurs at

uniform intensity over the entire area of watershed.
5. The runoff coefficient C is the ratio between the runoff rate q to
the rainfall intensity i.
6. Vegetation retards overland flow and increases surface

detention to reduce peak runoff rates.
7. Long and narrow watersheds are likely to have lower runoff

rates than more compact watershed of the same size.
8. Permeability is the capacity of the soil to transmit water.
9. Moist soils will exhibit higher infiltration rates than dry soils.
10. The equation for one- dimensional flow of water through a

saturated homogenous soil is known as the Darcy equation.
11. Transpiration only occurs from plants when water has passed
through its rooting system.
12. Storms of the convective type are much more likely to occur
in the afternoon.
13. Storms with advanced, intermediate, and delayed patterns

produce the same peak runoff rates.
14. Hydrologic events can have 100% probability of occurrence

especially for frequently observed or recorded values.
15. The Gumbel's equation is used to estimate the return period

T as a function of rank number and number of statistical
events.
16.The coefficient of variation is a * statistical measure of the

dispersion of data points in a data series around the mean.
17. In both the annual series and partial duration series of

selecting data, only a single data is selected to represent a
year's event.
18. The relationship between return * period T and probability of

occurrence P is T = 1/P.
19. Isohyets are lines representing points of equal rainfall in a

given period.
20. When human life is endangered, * the design should handle

runoff from storms even greater than have been recorded.
21. The design of small temporary structures are usually based

on a return period of 10 years.
22. The first step in designing a water-control facility is to

determine the probable recurrence of storms of different
intensities and durations so that an economically-sized
structure can be provided.
23. Climatological stations record conditions of the atmosphere

that occur over long periods of time while agro-climatological
stations record conditions over shorter periods of time.
24. The 8-inch standard rain gage magnifies the depth of rainfall
8- folds to facilitate recording.
25. High-intensity rainfall generally have short durations and

longer return periods.
26. Areas with flat terrains require a higher number of rain gaging
stations because of the vast areas involved.
27. Since most estimates of runoff rates are based on

precipitation data, information regarding the amounts and
intensity of precipitation is of great importance.
28. High intensity storms have more large-diameter raindrops

and wider range of raindrop diameters.
29. The pyranometer is a device used for measuring solar

radiation in terms of the daily duration of bright sunshine.
30. The main driving force for the occurrence of all other events
in the hydrologic cycle is the energy that comes from the
incoming solar radiation.
31. Precipitation, along with the atmospheric phenomena of heat,

water, and air movement, is a part of the science of
hydrometeorology.
32. Land should not be developed for * irrigation unless drainage

can be provided
33. Flood control is essential to maintain the crop productivity of

the soil as well as to control sedimentation and pollution in
streams and lakes.
34. Agricultural Engineers, because of their background in both

agriculture and engineering are well-suited to integrate
engineering, atmospheric, plant, and soil sciences.
35. Soil and water conservation engineering is the application of
engineering and biological principles to the solution of soil
and water management problems.
III. IDENTIFICATION
1. What are the rainfall characteristics influencing runoff rate and volume?
a.
b.
c.
2. Before runoff could occur, precipitation must satisfy the demands of:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
3. What are the watershed characteristics affecting runoff?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
4. The area under the curve of a dimensionless hydrograph is equal to sq

units.
5. What are the two major types of erosion?

a.
b.
6. What are the four types of water erosion?

a.
b.
c.
d.
7. What are the factors affecting erosion by water?

a.
b.
c.
d.
8. Identify each of the variables involved in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
9. What are the three major erosion control practices?

a.
b.
c.
10. The instrument used for incoming solar radiation. __________
11. 6 Phases of engineering problems in coil and water management

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
12. 5 Forms of Precipitation

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
13. What do we call a map showing lines of equal rainfall? ____________
14. Three important characteristics of rainfall

a.
b.
c.
15. Methods of Selecting Data For Analysis

a.
b.
16. What is the process by which water transforms from solid to vapor? ___________
17. What are the four rainfall patterns?

a.
b.
c.
d.
18. Give the relationship between average velocity and surface velocity in a stream
__________________________________________________
19. Three methods of estimating average precipitation over an area.

a.
b.
c.
20. Give the relationship between return period and probability of occurrence
__________________________________________________
IV. ESSAY
1. What is runoff?
2. Define "time of concentration" in the rational equation.
3. Identify and characterize in terms of runoff potential the reference hydrologic soil
group
4. What is a hydrograph?
5. What is a dimensionless hydrograph?
6. Define soil and water conservation engineering.
7. Define return Period

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SOIL AND WATER MOCK EXAM

1. The default hydrologic soil group used in the rational method

2. In the rational method, the time * to peak is equal to the time

3. Hydrologic soil groups A to D correspond to increasing runoff

4. One assumption of the rational method is that rainfall occurs at

6. Vegetation retards overland flow and increases surface

7. Long and narrow watersheds are likely to have lower runoff

8. Permeability is the capacity of the soil to transmit water.

10. The equation for one- dimensional flow of water through a

13. Storms with advanced, intermediate, and delayed patterns

14. Hydrologic events can have 100% probability of occurrence

15. The Gumbel's equation is used to estimate the return period

16.The coefficient of variation is a * statistical measure of the

17. In both the annual series and partial duration series of

18. The relationship between return * period T and probability of

19. Isohyets are lines representing points of equal rainfall in a

20. When human life is endangered, * the design should handle

21. The design of small temporary structures are usually based

22. The first step in designing a water-control facility is to

23. Climatological stations record conditions of the atmosphere

25. High-intensity rainfall generally have short durations and

27. Since most estimates of runoff rates are based on

28. High intensity storms have more large-diameter raindrops

29. The pyranometer is a device used for measuring solar

31. Precipitation, along with the atmospheric phenomena of heat,

32. Land should not be developed for * irrigation unless drainage

33. Flood control is essential to maintain the crop productivity of

34. Agricultural Engineers, because of their background in both

3. What are the watershed characteristics affecting runoff?

4. The area under the curve of a dimensionless hydrograph is equal to sq

5. What are the two major types of erosion?

6. What are the four types of water erosion?

7. What are the factors affecting erosion by water?

9. What are the three major erosion control practices?

10. The instrument used for incoming solar radiation. __________

11. 6 Phases of engineering problems in coil and water management

12. 5 Forms of Precipitation

13. What do we call a map showing lines of equal rainfall? ____________

14. Three important characteristics of rainfall

15. Methods of Selecting Data For Analysis

17. What are the four rainfall patterns?

19. Three methods of estimating average precipitation over an area.

2. Define "time of concentration" in the rational equation.

5. What is a dimensionless hydrograph?

6. Define soil and water conservation engineering.

7. Define return Period

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