Answer The Following Questions: TC 0.0078 (L 3/h) 0.385

Answer the following questions
1- Define Hydrology
"Hydrology is the science that deals with the waters of the earth, their
occurrence, cycle, distribution, their chemical and physical properties, and
their reaction with their environment.
2- What is the Hydrology Engineer Role?

1-Supply water to a city
2-Redirect rivers and safeguard coastal areas
3-Dam construction and maintenance
4-Flood mitigation and urban drainage
5-Treat wastewater
3-Write what do you knowmabout hyetograph curve.

It is a bar graph showing the intensity of rainfall with respect to time.
It is useful in determining the maximum intensities of rainfall during a
particular storm.
4-list five basic data required for hydrological studies ?

The basic hydrological data required are:
 Precipitation records
 Stream-flow records
 Seasonal fluctuation of ground water table or piezometric heads
 Evaporation data
 Cropping pattern, crops and their consumptive use
 Water quality data of surface streams and ground water
 Geomorphologic studies of the basin, like
(area, shape and slope of the basin, mean and median elevation)
 Characteristics of the basin; stream density and drainage density.
5- Discus that "lithology of the rocks affects the hydrological

response".
-Impermeable rock does not allow water to pass through it so a catchment
area made of impermeable rock will have a lot of run-off.
-A catchment area made from permeable rock will allow infiltration to occur,
reducing run-off and increasing the lag time,so discharge in the river will be
reduced.
6- What is Kirpich Method?
The Kirpich method is limited to watershed with a drainage area of about
200 acres.
For small drainage basins that are dominated by channel flow, the Kirpich
equation can be used
Tc=0.0078(L^3/h)^0.385
7-What is the three components of hydrograph curve(with little
details)?
1. Rising Limb : It is portion of the hydrograph curve. it rises slowly in the
early stage of the flood but more rapidly toward the end portion.
2. Peak: Peak of hydrograph is the maximum amount of water entering
river.
3. Falling Limb: it represents the withdrawal of water from the
storage built up during the early phase of hydrograph.
It extends from the peak to the beginning of the natural groundwater
flow.
8-What is the time of concentration (tc) of a watershed?

is defined to be the time required for runoff water to travel from the
most hydraulically distant part of a watershed to the outlet.
9-Define PMP.
Probable maximum precipitation(PMP): is defined as the estimated greatest
depth of the precipitation for a given duration that is possible physically and
reasonably characteristic over a particular geographic region at a certain
time of year.
10-When rational method can be used and what is its quation?

It is an indirected method to determine the value of run-off.It is used for a
very small watershed.
Q=Cu.C.i.A
11-Define unit hydrograph

The unit hydrograph represents the run off from one inch of effective
rainfall and over acertian time span
12-Write the formula of the designed rainfall intensity, and calculate it

when the rainfall mean =25 mm/hr , standard deviation= 10.5 mm/hr and
the return period=5 years.
Chooe the correct answer

1-Is visible flow of water in rivers creeks and lakes as the water stored
in the basin drains out
a-Transpiration
b-Evaporation
c-condensation
d-Runoff
2-Water vapour is also emitted from plant leaves by a process
a-Transpiration
b-Evaporation
c-condensation
d-Runoff
3) ….. is the most common distribution used for IDF relationships.
a-Gumbel's Extreme Value distribution
b-Gamma distribution
c-Normal distribution
d-Log Pearson Type III
4) ….. is useful in operational applications

a-PMP
b-PMS
c-PMI
d-PMF
5) ….. is used only for selected designs in view of economy

a-PMP
b-PMS
c-PMI
d-PMF
6 - It is known that kirpich method is limited to watershed with

a drainage area of about …….
a-100
b-150
c-200
d-250
7 - If rain duration is ………. Than Tc , then rainfall intensity will

be ……….. that at Tc.
a-larger/less than
b- larger / bigger than
c- smaller / equal
d- non of them
8 - Runoff Coefficient depend on …….

a-Watershed characteristics
b-Design rainfall Intensity
c-Design Discharge
d-None of the above
Use Synthetic’s method to develop a UH for the area of 100mi²

described below.
Ct = 1.8, L = 18mi, Lc = 10mi, Cp = 0.6 tp=8.6hr
(Answer the following three points)
9-Peak discharge equal
a- 4465 hr
b- 4465 cfs
c- 4475 cfs
d- Non of them
10-Duration of rainfall
a-8.6hr
b-8.6min
c-1.6 hr
d-1.6 min
11-Time base equal

a- 34.5 hr
b- 35 hr
c- 34.4 hr
d- non of them
12- Storage coefficient ranging from ……………, where larger

values of Cp are depend on values of Ct
a-1.8to 2.2
b-0.4to 0.8
c-2.2to 5.5
d-Non of them
13- Tb ≈4tp when watershed is ……

a-Large
b-small
c- intemediate
d-all of above
14-Loss= ...................
a- total rainfall _ effective rainfall
b- total rainfall + effective rainfall
c- VGRH _VDRH
d- non of them
15-The unit .................... has the advantage is that once a unit

hydrograph of specified duration
a- hydrograph method
b- Runoff estimation method
c- Kripich method
d- non of them
16-The concept of unit hydrograph is based on linear systems

theory and follow the .................. of ...............
a-principles, superposition
b-total rainfall , effective rainfall
c-none of these
17-Vlosses=……………..
a-VGRH _VDRH
b-total rainfall _ effective rainfall
c-total rainfall + effective rainfall
d- non of them
18-Isohyets are the imaginary lines joining the points of equal:

a-Pressure
b-Height
c-Humidity
d-Rainfall
19-A hyetograph is a graphical representation of:

a-Rainfall intensity and time
b- Rainfall depth and time
c- Discharge and time
d- Cumulative rainfall and time
20-Pick up the correct statement from the following :

a- Hydrograph is a plot of discharge of the rivers and time
b- In hydrographs , time is plotted on X - axis
c-The maximum flow in the river due to rainfall is called peak flow
d- All the above
21-The falling limb shows:

a-how long the rain water takes to get into the river
b- how quickly the rain water leaves the river
c- how quickly the rain water enters the river
d- how much precipitation there has been
22- Peak discharge means:

a- how likely a river is to flood
b- the maximum amount of water in the river
c- the minimum amount of water in the river
d- is another name for the lag time
23- The lag time is:

a- another name for the peak discharge
b- how big the river channel is
c- the time distance between peak rainfall and peak discharge
d- the time distance between the end of the storm and peak discharge
24 The lag time is important because:

a- it shows when it is likely to rain again
b- it shows if the river is likely to flood or not
c- it shows if there might be a drought
d- it shows how much water the river can hold
25- A short lag time shows:

a- that the river is more likely to flood
b- that the river can hold a lot of water
c- that the river is less likely to flood
d- that there could be a drought

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Answer the following questions

2- What is the Hydrology Engineer Role?

3-Write what do you knowmabout hyetograph curve.

4-list five basic data required for hydrological studies ?

5- Discus that "lithology of the rocks affects the hydrological

8-What is the time of concentration (tc) of a watershed?

10-When rational method can be used and what is its quation?

11-Define unit hydrograph

12-Write the formula of the designed rainfall intensity, and calculate it

Chooe the correct answer

4) ….. is useful in operational applications

5) ….. is used only for selected designs in view of economy

6 - It is known that kirpich method is limited to watershed with

7 - If rain duration is ………. Than Tc , then rainfall intensity will

8 - Runoff Coefficient depend on …….

Use Synthetic’s method to develop a UH for the area of 100mi²

11-Time base equal

12- Storage coefficient ranging from ……………, where larger

13- Tb ≈4tp when watershed is ……

15-The unit .................... has the advantage is that once a unit

16-The concept of unit hydrograph is based on linear systems

18-Isohyets are the imaginary lines joining the points of equal:

19-A hyetograph is a graphical representation of:

20-Pick up the correct statement from the following :

21-The falling limb shows:

22- Peak discharge means:

23- The lag time is:

24 The lag time is important because:

25- A short lag time shows:

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