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Networking 1

Communication network

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7 views13 pages

Networking 1

Communication network

Uploaded by

13 Girija G
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NETWORKING

INTRODUCTION
Computer network:
• A computer network is a system of interconnected
computers and peripheral devices.
• For example, it may connect computers, printers, scanners
and cameras.

Communications:
 Communications is about the transfer of information from a
sender, across a distance, to a receiver.
 Communication is an act of transmitting messages.

SUMMARY
Networking refers to the practice of
connecting computers and other devices to share
resources and communicate with each other. It
involves various components such as hardware
(routers, switches, cables) and software (protocols,
operating systems) to facilitate data exchange.
Networking enables tasks like accessing the
internet, sharing files, printing documents, and
communicating through email or instant
messaging. Common networking technologies
include Ethernet, Wi-Fi, TCP/IP, and DNS. Security
measures like firewalls and encryption are
essential to protect networks from unauthorized
access and data breaches. Networking plays a
crucial role in both personal and professional
settings, enabling seamless communication and
collaboration.

TYPES OF NETWORKS

 LOCAL AREA
 NETWORK
 METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK
LOCAL AREA NETWORK(LAN)

Smallest network compared to the other two networks.

The simplest form of LAN is to connect two computers together.

LAN is operated within a limited physical area, such as at home,


school, a single building or several buildings.

A network which consists of less than 500 interconnected devices


across several buildings, is still recognised as a LAN.
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN)

'Metropolitan' - describes important cities such as Kuala Lumpur,


Manila, Singapore, Tokyo, London and New York.

located at different sites within a large physical area, such as a


city.

Companies that have several branches within the Kuala Lumpur


city such as banks, use a MAN.

setting up a MAN across long distances can be best connected


using fiber optics.

can be a collection of several LANs within the same city.

often acts as a high speed network (although not as fast as a


LAN) to allow sharing of regional resources.

MAN can be defined as a group of computers and network


devices connected together within a large physical area.

WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN)

• The largest network of all network types.

Internet is the largest WAN in the world.


WAN generally covers large distances such as states, countries
or continents.

EG: Local banks have always maintained their business online by


connecting all computers of their branches in the countries.
International banks also use WAN to connect their computers all
over the world.

WAN is a group of MANs or LANs or the mixture of both


networks.
NETWORK TOPOLOGY

• State three types of network topologies.


• (bus, ring, star)
• Differentiate between the three types of network topology.

BUS TOPOLOGY:

A bus topology consists of a single central cable to


which all computers and other devices connect. A bus topology is
also known as a bus network.
DESCRIPTION OF BUS TOPOLOGY:

• Very common in LAN.


• Must have a common backbone (the central cable) to
connect all devices.
• All nodes share the backbone to communicate with each
other on the network.

RING TOPOLOGY:

A ring topology consists of all computers and other


devices that are connected in a loop. Ring topology is also known
as a ring network.

DESCRIPTION OF RING TOPOLOGY:

• Can be found in LAN.


• Each node directly connect to two neighbouring nodes.
• A server may exist in a ring network, but it will not connect to
all the nodes in the network.
• The server, like other nodes, will only communicate to its two
neighbouring nonodore than one server.
NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
 Client/Server.
 Peer-To-Peer
Network architecture

• overall design of a computer network that describes how a


computer network is configured and what strategies are
being used.
• mainly focuses on the functions of the networks.

• also known as network model or network design.


Client/Server:

Server has the control ability while clients don't


Higher cabling cost
It is used in small and large networks
Easy to manage
Install software only in the server while the clients share the
software
One powerful computer acting as! Server.
Peer-To-Peer:

All computers have equal ability


Cheaper cabling cost
Normally used in small networks with less than 10 computers
Hard to manage
Install software to every computer
No server is needed.

CONCLUSION

Computer communication, it seems, will become a much


more useful networking tool when large numbers of people with
similar interests acquire access to the technology. Though it can
expedite the formation of new interpersonal networks by
overcoming the space and time barriers faced by traditional
networking techniques, it still requires a great deal of
concentrated effort and resources to get the people to use it. This
problem should become increasingly minimized over the coming
years as the technological innovations become more diffused
throughout society.

REFERENCES

[1]. Cherita L. Corbett, Raheem A. Beyah, John A. Copeland,


Using Active Scanning Identify Wireless NICs, in: Proceedings of
the 7th IEEE Workshop on Information Assurance, U.S. Military
Academy, West Point, NY, 21-23 June 2006.
[2]. Pranab Kumar Chakravarty, Computer Networking
Technologies and Application to IT Enabled Services.

[3]. Antonio Carzaniga, Basic concepts in Computer Networking,


September 19, 2014.

[4]. Teodora Bakardjieva, Networking. Introduction toComputer

[5]. Peter L. Dordal, An Introduction to Computer Networks,


Release 1.8.07, June 16, 2015.

[6]. Bob Dickerson, Computer Networks, January 2005.

[7]. Russell Anthony Tantillo, Network Security through Open


Source Intrusion Detection Systems, May 2012.

[8]. http://web.net/~robrien/papers/mpconclusion.html
[9]. http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i/ip.html

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