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Introduction To OT

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10 views

Introduction To OT

ot introduction

Uploaded by

Abdul Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Optimization

Techniques
What is Operations Research?

Operations:
The activities carried out in an organization.

Research:
The process of observation and testing
ch aract eriz ed by t h e scien t ific m et h o d.
Situation, problem statement, model
construction, validation, experimentation,
candidate solutions.
Operations Research is a quantitative approach to
decision making based on the scientific method of
problem solving.
• OR consists of:
§ The art of mathematical modeling of complex
situations
§ The science of the development of solution
techniques used to solve these models
§ The ability to effectively communicate the results
to the decision maker
Introduction
• The first formal activities of OR were initiated in
England during World War-II, when a team of British
scientists set out to assess the best utilization of war
material based on scientific principles rather than on
an ad hoc rules. After the war, the ideas advanced in
military operations were adapted to improve
efficiency and productivity in civilian sector.
• OR professionals aim to provide rational bases for
decision making by seeking to understand and
structure complex situations and to use this
understanding to predict system behavior and
improve system performance.

• Much of this work is done using analytical and


numerical techniques to develop and manipulate
mathematical and computer models of
organizational systems composed of people,
machines, and procedures.
Some Applications
• Manufacturing
– Planning, Design, Scheduling, Dealing with Defects
• Service Industries
• Logistics
• Transportation
• Environment
• Health Care
• Situations with complexity
• Situations with uncertainty
• Optimization techniques are a powerful set of tools
for solving complex real-world problems. The
application domain has grown manifold in recent
years, covering almost all engineering and science
disciplines.
• On the technological front, many new algorithms are
designed by taking inspirations from different natural
phenomena, resulting in some of the popular
algorithm such as Genetic Algorithm (GA).
Applications in Computer Science
• As computers play a vital role in industrial production systems
means Operational research is relevant in this area. Computer
science and Operational Research are intertwined together since
the origin of both. And also, both have contributed to the
advancement of both disciplines.
• The main idea of operation research-based modeling in computer
science applications is the systematic approach to deal with the
problem and get the optimized solution
• The optimization models are very useful in computer science,
especially in software engineering and computer network domains.
• The studies are optimized to gain solutions with minimum cost for a
particular problem. Some applications in Operational research used
in computer science are:
• Simulation
• Resource allocation
• Data mining
• Network routing
• Pattern Recognition
• Queuing theory
• Linear programming
Some Operation Research Models
• Linear Programming
• Integer Programming
• Nonlinear Programming
• Dynamic programming
• Network Programming

These are a few among many available OR


models.
Linear Progamming Problem (L.P.P.)
• It was L.V. Kantorovich, a Russian mathematician,
who was first interested to apply mathematical
models in solving business problems.
• He pointed out that there existed numerous
production problems which could be formulated
mathematically and solved numerically.
What is L.P.P?
• Linear Programming problem deals with the
optimization (maximization or minimization) of a
function of variables known as objective function
s u b j e c t t o a s e t o f l i n e a r e q u a l i t i e s a n d /o r
inequalities known as constraints satisfying the non-
negative restrictions.
Application areas of L.P.P
• This technique could be extensively used in
• In problems of management
• Planning
• Food and Agriculture
• Transportation Optimization
• Efficient Manufacturing
• Energy Industry

• While some linear programming can be done manually,


quite often the variables and calculations become too
complex and require the use of computational software.

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