Social Sciences

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Behavioral

Beginning in the 1950s, the term behavioral sciences was often applied to the
disciplines designated as the social sciences. Those who favoured this term did so in
part because these disciplines were thus brought closer to some of the sciences, such
as physical anthropology and physiological psychology, which also deal with human
behaviour.

Strictly speaking, the social sciences, as distinct and recognized academic disciplines,
emerged only on the cusp of the 20th century. But one must go back farther in time for
the origins of some of their fundamental ideas and objectives. In the largest sense, the
origins go all the way back to the ancient Greeks and their rationalist inquiries into
human nature, the state, and morality. The heritage of both Greece and Rome is a
powerful one in the history of social thought, as it is in other areas of Western society.
Very probably, apart from the initial Greek determination to study all things in the spirit of
dispassionate and rational inquiry, there would be no social sciences today. True, there
have been long periods of time, as during the Western Middle Ages, when the Greek
rationalist temper was lacking. But the recovery of this temper, through texts of the great
classical philosophers, is the very essence of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment
in modern European history. With the Enlightenment, in the 17th and 18th centuries,
one may begin.

Heritage of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance


Effects of theology
The same impulses that led people in that age to explore Earth, the stellar regions, and
the nature of matter led them also to explore the institutions around them: state,
economy, religion, morality, and, above all, human nature itself. It was the fragmentation
of medieval philosophy and theory, and, with this, the shattering of the medieval
worldview that had lain deep in thought until about the 16th century, that was the
immediate basis of the rise of the several strands of specialized social thought that were
in time to provide the inspiration for the social sciences.

Beginning in the 1950s, the term behavioral sciences was often applied to the
disciplines designated as the social sciences. Those who favoured this term did so in
part because these disciplines were thus brought closer to some of the sciences, such
as physical anthropology and physiological psychology, which also deal with human
behaviour.

Strictly speaking, the social sciences, as distinct and recognized academic disciplines,
emerged only on the cusp of the 20th century. But one must go back farther in time for
the origins of some of their fundamental ideas and objectives. In the largest sense, the
origins go all the way back to the ancient Greeks and their rationalist inquiries into
human nature, the state, and morality. The heritage of both Greece and Rome is a
powerful one in the history of social thought, as it is in other areas of Western society.
Very probably, apart from the initial Greek determination to study all things in the spirit of
dispassionate and rational inquiry, there would be no social sciences today. True, there
have been long periods of time, as during the Western Middle Ages, when the Greek
rationalist temper was lacking. But the recovery of this temper, through texts of the great
classical philosophers, is the very essence of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment
in modern European history. With the Enlightenment, in the 17th and 18th centuries,
one may begin.

Heritage of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance


Effects of theology
The same impulses that led people in that age to explore Earth, the stellar regions, and
the nature of matter led them also to explore the institutions around them: state,
economy, religion, morality, and, above all, human nature itself. It was the fragmentation
of medieval philosophy and theory, and, with this, the shattering of the medieval
worldview that had lain deep in thought until about the 16th century, that was the
immediate basis of the rise of the several strands of specialized social thought that were
in time to provide the inspiration for the social sciences.

Beginning in the 1950s, the term behavioral sciences was often applied to the
disciplines designated as the social sciences. Those who favoured this term did so in
part because these disciplines were thus brought closer to some of the sciences, such
as physical anthropology and physiological psychology, which also deal with human
behaviour.

Strictly speaking, the social sciences, as distinct and recognized academic disciplines,
emerged only on the cusp of the 20th century. But one must go back farther in time for
the origins of some of their fundamental ideas and objectives. In the largest sense, the
origins go all the way back to the ancient Greeks and their rationalist inquiries into
human nature, the state, and morality. The heritage of both Greece and Rome is a
powerful one in the history of social thought, as it is in other areas of Western society.
Very probably, apart from the initial Greek determination to study all things in the spirit of
dispassionate and rational inquiry, there would be no social sciences today. True, there
have been long periods of time, as during the Western Middle Ages, when the Greek
rationalist temper was lacking. But the recovery of this temper, through texts of the great
classical philosophers, is the very essence of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment
in modern European history. With the Enlightenment, in the 17th and 18th centuries,
one may begin.

Heritage of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance


Effects of theology
The same impulses that led people in that age to explore Earth, the stellar regions, and
the nature of matter led them also to explore the institutions around them: state,
economy, religion, morality, and, above all, human nature itself. It was the fragmentation
of medieval philosophy and theory, and, with this, the shattering of the medieval
worldview that had lain deep in thought until about the 16th century, that was the
immediate basis of the rise of the several strands of specialized social thought that were
in time to provide the inspiration for the social sciences.
Beginning in the 1950s, the term behavioral sciences was often applied to the
disciplines designated as the social sciences. Those who favoured this term did so in
part because these disciplines were thus brought closer to some of the sciences, such
as physical anthropology and physiological psychology, which also deal with human
behaviour.

Strictly speaking, the social sciences, as distinct and recognized academic disciplines,
emerged only on the cusp of the 20th century. But one must go back farther in time for
the origins of some of their fundamental ideas and objectives. In the largest sense, the
origins go all the way back to the ancient Greeks and their rationalist inquiries into
human nature, the state, and morality. The heritage of both Greece and Rome is a
powerful one in the history of social thought, as it is in other areas of Western society.
Very probably, apart from the initial Greek determination to study all things in the spirit of
dispassionate and rational inquiry, there would be no social sciences today. True, there
have been long periods of time, as during the Western Middle Ages, when the Greek
rationalist temper was lacking. But the recovery of this temper, through texts of the great
classical philosophers, is the very essence of the Renaissance and the Enlightenment
in modern European history. With the Enlightenment, in the 17th and 18th centuries,
one may begin.

Heritage of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance


Effects of theology
The same impulses that led people in that age to explore Earth, the stellar regions, and
the nature of matter led them also to explore the institutions around them: state,
economy, religion, morality, and, above all, human nature itself. It was the fragmentation
of medieval philosophy and theory, and, with this, the shattering of the medieval
worldview that had lain deep in thought until about the 16th century, that was the
immediate basis of the rise of the several strands of specialized social thought that were
in time to provide the inspiration for the social sciences.

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