HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOT

A Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

For the degree of Bachelor in Technology

Submitted by
Swayam Prakash Sahoo (1901298371)
Netai Lohar (1901293297)
Suman Hati (1901298306)
Suchismita Bebarta (1901298220)

Under the guidance of

Prof. Monalisa Samal

For the
Session 2019-2023
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GANDHI INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY (GIFT)

BHUBANESWAR
Affiliated to

BIJU PATNAIK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY ODISHA

-1-
 CERTIFICATE

This is here to certify that Swayam Prakash Sahoo, Suchismita Bebarta,

Suman Hati and Netai Lohar student of 8th semester of ECE department,

Gandhi Institute for Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha have satisfactorily

completed the project report on “HEALTH MONITORING SYSTEM

USING IOT” in the partial fulfilment of requirement for the Bachelor of

Technology Degree in Electronics and Communication Engineering under Biju

Patnaik University of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha.

Monalisa Samal Saumendra Behera

PROJECT GUIDE EXTERNAL HOD.

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express my deep sense of gratitude and appreciation to
Prof.Monalisa Samal, Department of Electronics and communication
Engineering for her constant and valuable guidance and help in implementing
our project topic. She devoted her invaluable time in proving us the guidance at
every step in our project.

We would like to express gratitude to Prof. Saumendra Behera, Head

of the Department, Electronics and communication Engineering, GIFT
Bhubaneswar for providing us with this opportunity and for his great help and
cooperation.

We are also very thankful to other faculty members of the department of

Electronics and communication Engineering, for their constant advice,
inspiration, guidance and contributing their valuable time to giving us
encouragement.

Again, we are thankful to their valuable suggestion and with whom I shared
many ideas through the problem.

SWAYAM PRAKASH SAHOO (1901298371)

SUCHISMITA BEBARTA (1901298220)

SUMAN HATI (1901298306)

NETAI LOHAR (1901298297)

3
 CONTENTS
Description Page No.
Abstract 5
List of figure 6
1. Introduction 7
1.1. Project objective 7
1.2. Project scope 8
2. Literature Review 9
3. Component Requirements 10
3.1. Microcontroller 10
3.2. Heart Rate Sensor 14
3.3. Humidity &Temperature sensor (DHT11) 16
3.4. I2C LCD 18
3.5. Software 21
4. Programming of the module 22
5. Theory 26
6. Methodology 27
6.1. Work Flow Chart 27
6.2. Circuit Diagram 28
7. Conclusion 29
8. Application 29
9. Future Work 30
10. Reference 31

4
 ABSTRACT

Healthcare is given the extreme importance now a-days by each country with the advent of
the novel corona virus. So in this aspect, an IoT based health monitoring system is the best
solution for such an epidemic. Internet of Things (IoT) is the new revolution of internet
which is the growing research area especially in the health care.

With the increase in use of wearable sensors and the smart phones, these remote health care
monitoring has evolved in such a pace. IoT monitoring of health helps in preventing the
spread of disease as well as to get a proper diagnosis of the state of health, even if the doctor
is at far distance. In this paper, a portable physiological checking framework is displayed,
which can constantly screen the patient's heartbeat, temperature and other basic parameters of
the room.

A remote health monitoring system using IoT is proposed where the authorized personal can
access these data stored using any IoT platform and based on these values received, the
diseases are diagnosed by the doctors from a distance.

5
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure no Figure name Page no.

1. ESP8266 MOD 13

2. Heart rate sensor module 15

3. Temperature and Humidity sensor(DHT 17

11)

4. I2C LCD Display 19

5. Work Flow Chart 27

6. Circuit Diagram 28

6
 Chapter 1
1. INTRODUCTION

Previously it is impossible to monitor the patient by doctor in remote areas during critical
conditions. So we introduced a method which continuously monitors the patient condition
and automatically sends the data to server, so the doctor can access the data continuously and
we can intimate caretaker when patient is in critical condition. In previous methods,
monitoring of patient can be done only by using different instruments for different
parameters. So, we decided to monitor required conditions of patient by assembling different
instruments in a single module. Now a days IoT is the widely used technology. The growth of
internet is tremendous and has been further extended to connecting things through internet.
All devices are connected to one another with various smart technologies to create worldwide
ubiquitous network called Internet of Things (IoT). We recorded the data of each sensor and
uploaded the data into the server. We observed the data on many devices using internet with
secured login and password.

1.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVE

The system can be used to monitor physiological parameters, such as heart rate and
temperature of a human body. The objective of this project is to design and implement a
reliable, cheap, low powered and accurate system that can be worn on a regular basis and
monitors the vital signs based on Zigbee technology.

 Easy to use
 Compact and portable
The main advantage of this device is its satisfactory performance and small size.

7
1.2 PROJECT SCOPE

This project entails the following:

 The main purpose of this project is to improved workforce productivity.

 Reduction in cost.

 Opportunities in creating new business models.

 Increased collaboration with patients and colleagues.

8
 Chapter 2
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Previously it is impossible to monitor the patient by doctor in remote areas during critical
conditions. So we introduced a method which continuously monitors the patient condition
and automatically sends the data to server, so the doctor can access the data continuously and
we can intimate caretaker when patient is in critical condition. In previous methods,
monitoring of patient can be done only by using different instruments for different
parameters. So, we decided to monitor required conditions of patient by assembling different
instruments in a single module. Now a days IoT is the widely used technology. The growth of
internet is tremendous and has been further extended to connecting things through internet.
All devices are connected to one another with various smart technologies to create worldwide
ubiquitous network called Internet of Things (IoT). We recorded the data of each sensor and
uploaded the data into the server. We observed the data on many devices using internet with
secured login and password.

Here we are able to measure the pulse rate and the temperature of our body by using this
model. In future we can add many more sensors so that this module can monitor the other
condition of the patient.

9
 Chapter 3

3. COMPONENT REQUIREMENTS

3.1. MICROCONTROLLER

A microcontroller is a small computer furnished in a single integrated circuit that needs

support chips. Its principal nature is self-sufficiency and low cost. It is not intended to be
used as a computing device in the conventional sense; that is, a microcontroller is not
designed to be a data processing machine, but rather an intelligent core for a specialized
dedicated system

Microcontrollers are embedded in many control, monitoring, and processing systems. Some
are general-purpose devices but most microcontrollers are used in specialized systems such as
washing machines, telephones, microwave ovens, automobiles, and weapons. A
microcontroller usually includes a central processor, input and output ports, memory for
program and data storage, an internal clock, and one or more peripheral devices such as
timers, counters, analogue-to-digital converters, serial communication facilities, and
watchdog circuits.

3.1.1 Types of microcontrollers

Microcontrollers can be classified according to the following

 Internal bus width

 Instruction set

 Memory architecture

 Embedded and external memory microcontroller

 Integrated circuits (IC) chip or very large-scale integration (VLSI) core, very high-
speed integrated circuits (VHSIC), hardware description language (VHDL or Verilog)
file

 Family.

10
 ESP8266MOD:
In 2014, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi module was introduced and developed by third-party
manufacturers like AI thinkers, which is mainly utilized for IoT-based embedded applications
development. It is capable of handling various functions of the Wi-Fi network from another
application processor.
It is a SOC (System On-chip) integrated with a TCP/IP protocol stack, which can provide
microcontroller access to any type of Wi-Fi network. This article deals with the pin
configuration, specifications, circuit diagram, applications, and alternatives of the ESP8266
Wi-Fi module.
An ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is a SOC microchip mainly used for the development of end-
point IoT (Internet of things) applications. It is referred to as a standalone wireless
transceiver, available at a very low price. It is used to enable the internet connection to
various applications of embedded systems.
Espress if systems designed the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module to support both the TCP/IP
capability and the microcontroller access to any Wi-Fi network. It provides the solutions to
meet the requirements of industries of IoT such as cost, power, performance, and design.

It can work as either a slave or a standalone application. If the ESP8266 Wi-Fi runs as a slave
to a microcontroller host, then it can be used as a Wi-Fi adaptor to any type of
microcontroller using UART or SPI. If the module is used as a standalone application, then it
provides the functions of the microcontroller and Wi-Fi network.

The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is highly integrated with RF balun, power modules, RF
transmitter and receiver, analog transmitter and receiver, amplifiers, filters, digital baseband,
power modules, external circuitry, and other necessary components. The ESP8266 Wi-Fi
module is a microchip shown in the figure below.
A set of AT commands are needed by the microcontroller to communicate with the ESP8266
Wi-Fi module. Hence it is developed with AT commands software to allow the Arduino Wi-
Fi functionalities, and also allows loading various software to design the own application on
the memory and processor of the module.
The processor of this module is based on the Tensilica Xtensa Diamond Standard 106 micro
and operates easily at 80 MHz. There are different types of ESP modules designed by third-
party manufacturers. They are,

 ESP8266-01 designed with 8 pins (GPIO pins -2)

 ESP8266-02 designed with 8 pins (GPIO pins -3)
 ESP8266-03 designed with 14 pins ( GPIO pins- 7)
 ESP8266-04 designed with 14 pins (GPIO pins- 7)
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module comes with a boot ROM of 64 KB, user data RAM of 80 KB,
and instruction RAM of 32 KB. It can support 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi network at 2.4 GHz along
with the features of I2C, SPI, I2C interfacing with DMA, and 10-bit ADC. Interfacing this
module with the microcontroller can be done easily through a serial port. An external voltage
converter is required only if the operating voltage exceeds 3.6 Volts. It is most widely used in
robotics and IoT applications due to its low cost and compact size.

11
 Features:
The ESP8266 Wi-Fi module specifications or features are given below.

 It is a powerful Wi-Fi module available in a compact size at a very low price.

 It is based on the L106 RISC 32-bit microprocessor core and runs at 80 MHz
 It requires only 3.3 Volts power supply
 The current consumption is 100 m Amps
 The maximum Input/Output (I/O) voltage is 3.6 Volts.
 It consumes 100 mA current
 The maximum Input/Output source current is 12 mA
 The frequency of built-in low power 32-bit MCU is 80 MHz
 The size of flash memory is 513 kb
 It is used as either an access point or station or both
 It supports less than 10 microAmps deep sleep
 It supports serial communication to be compatible with several developmental platforms
such as Arduino
 It is programmed using either AT commands, Arduino IDE, or Lua script
 It is a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi module and supports WPA/WPA2, WEP authentication, and open
networks.
 It uses two serial communication protocols like I2C (Inter-Integrated Circuit) and SPI (
Serial Peripheral Interface).
 It provides 10- bit analog to digital conversion
 The type of modulation is PWM (Pulse Width Modulation)
 UART is enabled on dedicated pins and for only transmission, it can be enabled on GPIO2.
 It is an IEEE 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi module with LNA, power amplifier, balun, integrated TR
switch, and matching networks.
 GPIO pins – 17
 Memory Size of instruction RAM – 32 KB
 The memory size of instruction cache RAM – 32 KB
 Size of User-data RAM- 80 KB
 Size of ETS systems-data RAM – 16 KB

12
ESP8266MOD:

ESP8266MOD Pin Diagram:

13
3.2 HEART RATE SENSOR

An optical heart rate sensor measures pulse waves, which are changes in the volume of a
blood vessel that occur when the heart pumps blood. Pulse waves are detected by measuring
the change in volume using an optical sensor and green LED. Adopting an optical filter
optimized for pulse wave detection in the sensor block minimizes the effects of ambient light
such as red and infrared rays. This enables high quality pulse signals to be acquired, even
outdoors. In addition, leveraging optical sensor technology cultivated over many years
allowed ROHM to significantly increase the sensitivity of the sensor block. Support for low
brightness low VF LEDs makes it possible to achieve a low power optical heart rate
monitoring system without the need for external circuitry (i.e. boost circuit). This contributes
to longer operating times in wearables with limited battery capacity.

Features of HEART RATE SENSOR used:

 These devices use electrical detection to track your heart rate.

 They detect electrical activity through a band that wraps around your chest.

 The features of heartbeat sensors are microcontroller based SMD design .

 It gives the digital output form LED in form of pulses connecting to microcontroller

 It has compact size, and working voltage + 5 V DC.

14
Working Principle of HEART RATE SENSOR:

• The heartbeat sensor is based on the principle of photoplethysmography. It measures

the change in volume of blood through any organ of the body which causes a change
in the light intensity through that organ (avascular region). In the case of applications
where the heart pulse rate is to be monitored, the timing of the pulses is more
important. The flow of blood volume is decided by the rate of heart pulses and since
light is absorbed by the blood, the signal pulses are equivalent to the heartbeat pulses.

• The basic heartbeat sensor consists of a light-emitting diode and a detector like a light
detecting resistor or a photodiode. The heartbeat pulses cause a variation in the flow
of blood to different regions of the body. When tissue is illuminated with the light
source, i.e. light emitted by the led, it either reflects (a finger tissue) or transmits the
light (earlobe). Some of the light is absorbed by the blood and the transmitted or the
reflected light is received by the light detector. The amount of light absorbed depends
on the blood volume in that tissue. The detector output is in the form of the electrical
signal and is proportional to the heartbeat rate.

Heart Rate Sensor Module

15
 Applications of Heart Rate Sensor
The applications of heart rate sensor include the following.

 This sensor is used for Sleep Tracking

 This sensor is used for Anxiety monitoring
 This sensor is used in remote patient monitoring or alarm system
 This sensor is used in Health bands
 This sensor is used in complex gaming consoles
Thus, this is all about heart rate Sensor (Heartbeat / Pulse Sensor). it is open-source and plug-
and-play hardware. This sensor can easily include live heartbeat information into their
projects. This sensor includes two circuits like an optical amplifying & a noise eliminating.
The connection of this sensor on earlobe otherwise fingertip can be done using a Clip, and
connect it to Arduino board. So that heart rate can be easily measured. These sensors are used
by developers, students, makers, athletes, artists, etc.

3.3 HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE SENSOR (DTH 11)

DHT11 is a low-cost digital sensor for sensing temperature and humidity. This sensor can be
easily interfaced with any micro-controller such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi etc… to measure
humidity and temperature instantaneously.

DHT11 humidity and temperature sensor is available as a sensor and as a module. The
difference between this sensor and module is the pull-up resistor and a power-on LED.
DHT11 is a relative humidity sensor. To measure the surrounding air this sensor uses
a thermistor and a capacitive humidity sensor.

FEATURES:

 Ultra low cost.

 3 to 5V power and I/O.
 2.5mA max current use during conversion (while requesting data)
 Good for 20-80% humidity readings with 5% accuracy.
 Good for 0-50°C temperature readings ±2°C accuracy.
 No more than 1 Hz sampling rate (once every second)
 Body size 15.5mm x 12mm x 5.5mm.
 4 pins with 0.1" spacing.

WORKING PRINCIPLE OF DTH11:

DHT11 sensor consists of a capacitive humidity sensing element and a thermistor for sensing
temperature. The humidity sensing capacitor has two electrodes with a moisture holding
substrate as a dielectric between them. Change in the capacitance value occurs with the

16
change in humidity levels. The IC measure, process this changed resistance values and
change them into digital form.

For measuring temperature this sensor uses a Negative Temperature coefficient thermistor,
which causes a decrease in its resistance value with increase in temperature. To get larger
resistance value even for the smallest change in temperature, this sensor is usually made up of
semiconductor ceramics or polymers.

The temperature range of DHT11 is from 0 to 50 degree Celsius with a 2-degree accuracy.
Humidity range of this sensor is from 20 to 80% with 5% accuracy. The sampling rate of this
sensor is 1Hz .i.e. it gives one reading for every second. DHT11 is small in size with
operating voltage from 3 to 5 volts. The maximum current used while measuring is 2.5mA.

DHT11 sensor has four pins- VCC, GND, Data Pin and a not connected pin. A pull-up
resistor of 5k to 10k ohms is provided for communication between sensor and micro-
controller.

HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE SENSOR (DTH 11)

17
3.4. I2C LCD MODULE
This is LCD1602 Parallel LCD Display that provides a simple and cost-effective solution for
adding a 16×2 White on RGB Liquid Crystal Display into your project. The display is 16
character by 2 line display that has a very clear and high contrast white text upon a Green
background/backlight. This is the great Green backlight LCD display. It is fantastic for
Arduino-based projects. This LCD1602 Parallel LCD Display with Yellow Backlight is very
easy to interface with Arduino or Other Microcontrollers. This display overcomes the
drawback of LCD1602 Parallel LCD Display in which you’ll waste about 8 Pins on your
Arduino for the display to get working. Luckily in this product, an I2C adapter is directly
soldered right onto the pins of the display. So all you need to connect are the I2C pins, which
show a good library and little coding. The I2C is a type of serial bus developed by Philips,
which uses two bidirectional lines, called SDA (Serial Data Line) and SCL (Serial Clock
Line). Both must be connected via pulled-up resistors. The usage voltages are standard as 5V
and 3.3V.

If you already have the I2C adapter soldered onto the board like in this product, the wiring is
quite easy. You should usually have only four pins to hook up. VCC and GND of course. The
LCD display works with 5 Volts. So we go for the 5V Pin.

This product is known as 16×2 LCD Display with I2C/IIC interface Green Backlight, display,
I2C, I2C Interface, LCD, LCD Display, LCD Display with I2C/IIC interface, LCD1602,
Module, Sensors and Modules, 16×2 Green LCD Display With IIC/I2C Interface, 16X2 LCD
Display with IIC/I2C interface – Green, 1602 16×2 LCD Display with I2C-IIC interface –
Green Backlight, LCD1602 1602 LCD Module Green, LCD 16X2 Alphanumeric Display
with I2C/IIC interface – Green Backlight, LCD Display, I2C Interface, I2C, LCD1602,
Display for Arduino Uno, 1602 (16×2) LCD Display with I2C/IIC interface – Green
Backlight.

18
PIN Diagram:

19
 Features:
 Arduino IIC/I2C interface was developed to reduce the IO port usage on Arduino board
 I2C adapter allows flexibility in connections
 I2C Reduces the overall wirings.
 16 characters wide, 2 rows
 White text on the Green background
 Single LED backlight included can be dimmed easily with a resistor or PWM.
 Interface: I2C
 Interface Address: 0x27
 Character Color: White
 Backlight: Green
 Supply voltage: 5V

20
3.5. Software Required:

Arduino IDE:
The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and upload it to the
board. This software can be used with any Arduino board. Refer to the Getting Started page
for Installation instructions. Active development of the Arduino software is hosted by
GitHub.

21
 Chapter 4

4. Programming of the module:

#include <DHT.h> // Including library for dht

#include <Wire.h>
#include <LiquidCrystal_I2C.h>
LiquidCrystal_I2C lcd(0x27,16,2);
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
String apiKey = "Y3E1BZVHC1W0KBXR"; // Enter your Write API key from
ThingSpeak

const char *ssid = "Netai"; //P replace with your wifi ssid and wpa2 key
const char *pass = "12345678";
const char* server = "api.thingspeak.com";
int sensorPin = A0;
int sensorValue;

//To calculat number of digits in sensorvalue

int len = 0;
int x = 0;

#define DHTPIN 3 //pin where the dht11 is connected

DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHT11);

WiFiClient client;

void setup()
{
lcd.init();
lcd.backlight();
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(1000);
dht.begin();

Serial.println("Connecting to ");
Serial.println(ssid);
WiFi.disconnect();
WiFi.begin(ssid, pass);

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED)

{
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("wifi..");
delay(500);

22
 Serial.print(".");
}
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");

void loop()
{
float h = dht.readHumidity();
float t = dht.readTemperature();
sensorValue = analogRead(sensorPin);
sensorValue = map(sensorValue, 0, 600, 0, 100);
Wire.flush();
len = 0;
x = sensorValue;
while(x){
x = x/10;
len++;
}
Serial.println(sensorValue);
lcd.setCursor(0,0);
lcd.print("temp :");
lcd.setCursor(8,0);
lcd.print(t);
lcd.setCursor(0,1);
lcd.print("BPM :");
if(len == 2){
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print(sensorValue);
lcd.setCursor(9,1);
lcd.print(" ");
}
else{
lcd.setCursor(7,1);
lcd.print(sensorValue);
}

if (isnan(h) || isnan(t))
{
Serial.println("Failed to read from DHT sensor!");
return;
}

if (client.connect(server,80)) // "184.106.153.149" or api.thingspeak.com

{

String postStr = apiKey;

postStr +="&field1=";

23
 postStr += String(t);
postStr +="&field2=";
postStr += String(h);
postStr += "\r\n\r\n";

client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");

client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
client.print("Connection: close\n");
client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: "+apiKey+"\n");
client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
client.print("Content-Length: ");
client.print(postStr.length());
client.print("\n\n");
client.print(postStr);

Serial.print("Temperature: ");
Serial.print(t);
Serial.print(" degrees Celcius, Humidity: ");
Serial.print(h);
Serial.println("%. Send to Thingspeak.");
}

if (client.connect(server,80)) // "184.106.153.149" or api.thingspeak.com

{

String postStr = apiKey;

postStr +="&field3=";
postStr += String(sensorValue);

postStr += "\r\n\r\n";

client.print("POST /update HTTP/1.1\n");

client.print("Host: api.thingspeak.com\n");
client.print("Connection: close\n");
client.print("X-THINGSPEAKAPIKEY: "+apiKey+"\n");
client.print("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\n");
client.print("Content-Length: ");
client.print(postStr.length());
client.print("\n\n");
client.print(postStr);
}

client.stop();

Serial.println("Waiting...");

24
 // thingspeak needs minimum 15 sec delay between updates
delay(3000);
}

25
 Chapter 5

5. THEORY

Previously it is impossible to monitor the patient by doctor in remote areas during critical
conditions. So we introduced a method which continuously monitors the patient condition
and automatically sends the data to server, so the doctor can access the data continuously and
we can intimate caretaker when patient is in critical condition. In previous methods,
monitoring of patient can be done only by using different instruments for different
parameters. So, we decided to monitor required conditions of patient by assembling different
instruments in a single module. Now a days IoT is the widely used technology. The growth of
internet is tremendous and has been further extended to connecting things through internet.
All devices are connected to one another with various smart technologies to create worldwide
ubiquitous network called Internet of Things (IoT). We recorded the data of each sensor and
uploaded the data into the server. We observed the data on many devices using internet with
secured login and password.

System Features:

 Easy operation
 Better Power Management
 Affordable

Required Skills:

 Understanding of Micro controller

 C Programming
 Understanding Interfacing Techniques
 Knowledge on Sensors
 Design and Fabrication of PCB

26
 Chapter 6

6. METHODOLOGY

This chapter seeks to explain in depth the process used in the implementation and
operation of the digital lock. This lock design entailed the following:

Hardware module
Software module
Printed Circuit Board
Power supply unit

Power
(5v)
Pulse rate sensor

ESP8266MOD

(Microcontroller) Display
Temperature
Sensor

6.1. Work flow Char

27
6.2 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Heart rate Sensor Temperature Sensor

ESP8266 MOD

Display

Power Supply & Coding

28
 Chapter 7

7. CONCLUSION

It concludes that the human health monitoring system based on the Internet of Things can
provide people with daily health management, instrumental in heightening health service
quality and level. Here we have used pulse rate and temperature sensor. We can use many
more sensors as per our requirements. And also it is low cost for making, thus the customer
will buy the product and use it easily.

8.APPLICATIONS

 Remote patient monitoring. Remote patient monitoring is the most common application of
IoT devices for healthcare.
 Glucose monitoring.
 Heart-rate monitoring.
 Hand hygiene monitoring.
 Depression and mood monitoring.
 Parkinson's disease monitoring.
 Connected inhalers.
 Ingestible sensors.

29
 Chapter 8

9. FUTURE WORK
Here we have used temperature sensor and pulse rate sensor. So in future we can add many
other sensors also by that we can measure any condition of our body.

Like we can use-

 Body movement sensor

 ECG sensor
 Pressure sensor
 Oxygen sensor
 Etc.

30
10. REFERENCES
[1] W. J. Curnow, "Helmets: A scientific evaluation. Transportation accident analysis and
prevention", pp. 141-177, 2008.

[2] P. Ross, L. Ross, A. Rahman and S. Cataldo, "The bicycle helmet attitudes index
states that: Using the health belief model to predict helmet use among
undergraduates", Journal of American college health., vol. 59, 2010.

[3] Otte et al., J. of Advancement in Engineering and Technology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 3,
2013.

[4] "Design and Kinematic Analysis of Windshield Wiper Mechanism Using CATIA
V5".

[5] Charles Platt, “Make Electronics,” Books, 2003.

[6] Harry Kybett& Earl Boysen, “All New Electronics,”,2008.

[7] Paul Scherz,”Practical Electronics for Inventors”,2001.

[8] Charles Platt,”Make More Electronics”, 2002.

[9] Grey,Lewis, Hurst, Meyer,”Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits”,2004.

[10] Behzad Razavi ,”Design of analog CMOS integrated circuits”, 2008.

11] K Murugesh Kumar,“Dc Machines and Transformers," 4th edition. 1997

[12] K R SIDDHAPURA D B RAVAL, “DC Machines and Transformers,” 3rd edition .

2002.

[13] Murty D.V.S., “Transducers and Instrumentation,”2nd edition, 2008.

[14] M G JOSHI, “Comprehensive Transducers for Instrumentation” Third edition, 2005.

31