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    Physics Units

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    Gopan Krishnan
    Physics defines standard units to measure physical quantities precisely. The International System of Units (SI) established in 1960 is the internationally recognized standard. The SI units include meters, kilograms, and seconds (MKS system) for length, mass, and time respectively. Derived units are calculated from the base units and often named after scientists, like joules and watts. Precise units are crucial for experiments and applications like spacecraft.

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    Physics Units

    Uploaded by

    Gopan Krishnan
    156 views5 pages
    Physics defines standard units to measure physical quantities precisely. The International System of Units (SI) established in 1960 is the internationally recognized standard. The SI units include meters, kilograms, and seconds (MKS system) for length, mass, and time respectively. Derived units are calculated from the base units and often named after scientists, like joules and watts. Precise units are crucial for experiments and applications like spacecraft.

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    Physics defines standard units to measure physical quantities precisely. The International System of Units (SI) established in 1960 is the internationally recognized standard. The SI units include meters, kilograms, and seconds (MKS system) for length, mass, and time respectively. Derived units are calculated from the base units and often named after scientists, like joules and watts. Precise units are crucial for experiments and applications like spacecraft.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    156 views5 pages

    Physics Units

    Uploaded by

    Gopan Krishnan
    Physics defines standard units to measure physical quantities precisely. The International System of Units (SI) established in 1960 is the internationally recognized standard. The SI units include meters, kilograms, and seconds (MKS system) for length, mass, and time respectively. Derived units are calculated from the base units and often named after scientists, like joules and watts. Precise units are crucial for experiments and applications like spacecraft.

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    ntroduction

    Physics is about the study of energy and forces. In order to test and measure physical quantities we need to define some standard measures which we everyone can agree on. These standards can never perfectly accurate because they are rooted in the physical world but every endevour is made to make them as precise as possible. The internationally recognised authority for the definition of these standards is the Conference Generale des Poids et Measures (CGPM).

    Units
    We must ensure that the result we use in our calculations are in the correct units. The consequence of getting it wrong can be very expensive as with the loss of the NASA Mars Climate Orbiter spacecraft in 1999. It spun out of control because part of the software assumed Imperial units and another part assumed metric units. The units by which we now measure physical quantities is called the S.I. (System International) system established in 1960. Within this system, the most commonly used set of units in physics are M.K.S (Metres, Kilograms, Seconds) system

    Base Units
    The basic units are shown in Table. 1.

    Quantity Length Mass Time Electric Charge Temperature

    Unit Metre (m) Kilogram (kg) Second (s) Ampere (A) Kelvin (K)

    Luminenscent Intensity
    Table 1. Base Units

    Candela (Cd)

    Derived Units
    Multiplication of physical quantities creates new units. When you calculate the area, the unit becomes multiplied by itself to become, m2. The unit of area is an example of a derived unit. Other derived units occur so often they are named after illustrious scientists, in honour of their work. Table 2, list derived units and their special names.

    Name Hertz Newton Joule Watt Pascal Lumen lux Coulomb Volt

    Symbol Hz N J W Pa lm lx C V

    Quantity Frequency Force, Weight Work, Heat Power, Radiant flux Pressure, Stress Luminous flux Illuminance Electric charge or flux Electrical potential difference, Electromotive force Electric resistance, Impedance, Reactance Electric capacitance Magnetic flux Magnetic flux density, magnetic induction

    Expression in Expression in terms terms of SI base of other units units 1/s m.kg.s-2 N.m J/s N/m2 cd.sr = 1/cd lm/m2 = 1/(m2.cd) A.s W/A = J/C s-1 m.kg.s-2 m2.kg.s-2 m2.kg.s-3 m-1.kg.s-2 cd m-2.cd A.s m2.kg.s-3.A-1

    Ohm Farad Weber Tesla

    F Wb T

    V/A C/V J/A V.s.m-2 = Wbm-2

    m2.kg.s-3.A-2 m-2.kg-1.s4.A2 m2.kg.s-2.A-1 kg.s-2.A-1

    Henry Siemens Becquerel Gray Sievert Katal Degree Celsius

    H S Bq Gy Sv kat C

    Inductance Electrical conductance Radioactivity (decays per unit time) Absorbed dose (of ionizing radiation) Equivalent dose (of ionizing radiation) Catalytic activity Thermodynamic temperature

    V.s/A=Wb/A -1 s-1 J/kg J/kg mol/s

    m2.kg.s-2.A-2 m-2.kg-1.s3.A2 s-1 m2.s-2 m2.s-2 s-1.mol

    TC=TK-273.15

    Table 2. Derived units and their special names.

    Other Derived Units


    Name square metre cubic metre metre per second metre per second squared metre per second cubed radian per second Newton second newton metre second newton metre reciprocal metre Symbol m2 m3 ms1 ms2 ms3 rads1 Ns Nms Nm m1 Quantity area volume speed, velocity acceleration jerk angular velocity momentum angular momentum torque, moment of force wavenumber Expression in terms of SI base units m2 m3 ms1 ms2 ms3 s1 kgms1 kgm2s1 kgm2s2 m1

    kilogram per cubic metre cubic metre per kilogram mole per cubic metre cubic metre per mole joule per kelvin joule per kelvin mole joule per kilogram kelvin joule per mole joule per kilogram joule per cubic metre newton per metre watt per square metre watt per metre kelvin square metre per second pascal second coulomb per cubic metre ampere per square metre siemens per metre

    kgm3 kg1m3 m3mol m3mol1 JK1 JK1mol1 JK1kg1 Jmol1 Jkg1 Jm3 Nm1 = Jm2 Wm2 Wm1K1 m2s1 Pas = Nsm2 Cm3 Am2 Sm1

    density, mass density specific volume amount (-of-substance) concentration molar volume entropy molar heat capacity, molar entropy specific entropy molar energy specific energy energy density surface tension heat flux density, irradiance thermal conductivity kinematic viscosity, diffusion coefficient dynamic viscosity electric charge density electric current density conductivity

    kgm3 kg1m3 m3mol m3mol1 kgm2s2K1 kgm2s2K1mol1 m2s2K1 kgm2s2mol1 m2s2 kgm1s2 kgs2 kgs3 kgms3K1 m2s1 kgm1s1 m3sA Am2 kg1m3s3A2

    siemens square metre per mole farad per metre henry per metre volt per metre ampere per metre candela per square metre coulomb per kilogram gray per second

    Sm2mol1 Fm1 Hm1 Vm1 Am1 cdm2 Ckg1 Gys1

    molar conductivity permittivity permeability electric field strength magnetic field strength luminance exposure (X and gamma rays) absorbed dose rate

    kg-1s3mol1A2 kg1m3s4A2 kgms2A2 kgms3A1 Am1 cdm2 kg1sA m2s3

    Table 3. Other derived units

    Suplementary Units
    These angular units and solid-angle unit are often used but are actually dimensionless.

    Name radian steridan

    Unit rad rad2

    Table 4. Dimensionless angular units

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