BPD

There are several types of bipolar and related disorders.
They may include mania or hypomania and

depression. Symptoms can cause unpredictable changes in mood and behavior, resulting in significant
distress and difficulty in life.
 Bipolar I disorder. You've had at least one manic episode that may be preceded or followed by
hypomanic or major depressive episodes. In some cases, mania may trigger a break from reality
(psychosis).
 Bipolar II disorder. You've had at least one major depressive episode and at least one hypomanic
episode, but you've never had a manic episode.
 Cyclothymic disorder. You've had at least two years — or one year in children and teenagers —
of many periods of hypomania symptoms and periods of depressive symptoms (though less
severe than major depression).
 Other types. These include, for example, bipolar and related disorders induced by certain drugs
or alcohol or due to a medical condition, such as Cushing's disease, multiple sclerosis or stroke.
Bipolar II disorder is not a milder form of bipolar I disorder, but a separate diagnosis. While the manic
episodes of bipolar I disorder can be severe and dangerous, individuals with bipolar II disorder can be
depressed for longer periods, which can cause significant impairment.
Although bipolar disorder can occur at any age, typically it's diagnosed in the teenage years or early 20s.
Symptoms can vary from person to person, and symptoms may vary over time.
Mania and hypomania
Mania and hypomania are two distinct types of episodes, but they have the same symptoms. Mania is
more severe than hypomania and causes more noticeable problems at work, school and social activities,
as well as relationship difficulties. Mania may also trigger a break from reality (psychosis) and require
hospitalization.
Both a manic and a hypomanic episode include three or more of these symptoms:
 Abnormally upbeat, jumpy or wired
 Increased activity, energy or agitation
 Exaggerated sense of well-being and self-confidence (euphoria)
 Decreased need for sleep
 Unusual talkativeness
 Racing thoughts
 Distractibility
 Poor decision-making — for example, going on buying sprees, taking sexual risks or making
foolish investments
Major depressive episode

A major depressive episode includes symptoms that are severe enough to cause noticeable difficulty in
day-to-day activities, such as work, school, social activities or relationships. An episode includes five or
more of these symptoms:
 Depressed mood, such as feeling sad, empty, hopeless or tearful (in children and teens,
depressed mood can appear as irritability)
 Marked loss of interest or feeling no pleasure in all — or almost all — activities
 Significant weight loss when not dieting, weight gain, or decrease or increase in appetite (in
children, failure to gain weight as expected can be a sign of depression)
 Either insomnia or sleeping too much
 Either restlessness or slowed behavior
 Fatigue or loss of energy
 Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt
 Decreased ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness
 Thinking about, planning or attempting suicide
Other features of bipolar disorder
Signs and symptoms of bipolar I and bipolar II disorders may include other features, such as anxious
distress, melancholy, psychosis or others. The timing of symptoms may include diagnostic labels such as
mixed or rapid cycling. In addition, bipolar symptoms may occur during pregnancy or change with the
seasons.
Symptoms in children and teens
Symptoms of bipolar disorder can be difficult to identify in children and teens. It's often hard to tell
whether these are normal ups and downs, the results of stress or trauma, or signs of a mental health
problem other than bipolar disorder.
Children and teens may have distinct major depressive or manic or hypomanic episodes, but the pattern
can vary from that of adults with bipolar disorder. And moods can rapidly shift during episodes. Some
children may have periods without mood symptoms between episodes.
The most prominent signs of bipolar disorder in children and teenagers may include severe mood swings
that are different from their usual mood swings.
When to see a doctor
Despite the mood extremes, people with bipolar disorder often don't recognize how much their
emotional instability disrupts their lives and the lives of their loved ones and don't get the treatment
they need.
And if you're like some people with bipolar disorder, you may enjoy the feelings of euphoria and cycles
of being more productive. However, this euphoria is always followed by an emotional crash that can
leave you depressed, worn out — and perhaps in financial, legal or relationship trouble.
If you have any symptoms of depression or mania, see your doctor or mental health professional. Bipolar
disorder doesn't get better on its own. Getting treatment from a mental health professional with
experience in bipolar disorder can help you get your symptoms under control.
Causes
The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown, but several factors may be involved, such as:
 Biological differences. People with bipolar disorder appear to have physical changes in their
brains. The significance of these changes is still uncertain but may eventually help pinpoint
causes.
 Genetics. Bipolar disorder is more common in people who have a first-degree relative, such as a
sibling or parent, with the condition. Researchers are trying to find genes that may be involved in
causing bipolar disorder.
Complications
Left untreated, bipolar disorder can result in serious problems that affect every area of your life, such as:
 Problems related to drug and alcohol use
 Suicide or suicide attempts
 Legal or financial problems
 Damaged relationships
 Poor work or school performance
Co-occurring conditions
If you have bipolar disorder, you may also have another health condition that needs to be treated along
with bipolar disorder. Some conditions can worsen bipolar disorder symptoms or make treatment less
successful. Examples include:
 Anxiety disorders
 Eating disorders
 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
 Alcohol or drug problems
 Physical health problems, such as heart disease, thyroid problems, headaches or obesity

BPD

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

BPD

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

BPD

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

There are several types of bipolar and related disorders.

They may include mania or hypomania and

Mania and hypomania

 Abnormally upbeat, jumpy or wired

 Increased activity, energy or agitation

 Exaggerated sense of well-being and self-confidence (euphoria)

 Decreased need for sleep

Major depressive episode

 Marked loss of interest or feeling no pleasure in all — or almost all — activities

 Either insomnia or sleeping too much

 Either restlessness or slowed behavior

 Fatigue or loss of energy

 Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt

 Decreased ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness

 Thinking about, planning or attempting suicide

Other features of bipolar disorder

Symptoms in children and teens

When to see a doctor

 Problems related to drug and alcohol use

 Suicide or suicide attempts

 Legal or financial problems

 Poor work or school performance

 Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

 Alcohol or drug problems

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.