Grade 9-Unit 3 Review Exercise

Unit 3 – Review Exercise
Q2) Give short answers

i) Distinguish between shell and subshell.
Shells
According to Bohr's atomic theory, the electron in an atom revolves around the
nucleus in one of the circular paths called shells or orbits. Each shell has a fixed
energy. So each shell is also called energy level. Each shell is described by an n
value. n can have values 1,2,3…
When,
n = 1, it is K shell
n = 2, it is L shell
n = 3, it is M shell etc.
As the value of n increases the distance of electron from the nucleus and energy of the
shell increases.
Sub-Shells
A shell or energy level is sub divided into sub-shells or sub-energy levels. n value of
a shell is placed before the symbol for a sub-shell. For instance,
n = 1, for K shell. It has only one sub-shell which as represented by 1s.
For L shell n=2, L shell has two sub-shells, these are designated as 2s and 2p.
For M shell n=3 So M shell has 3 sub-shells called 3s, 3p and 3d. While N shell has
4s, 4p, 4d and 4f sub-shells.
s- subshell can accommodate maximum 2 electrons.
p sub-shell can accommodate maximum 6 electrons.
d sub-shell can accommodate maximum 10 electrons.
f sub-shell can accommodate maximum 14 electrons.
The increasing order of energy of the sub-shells belonging to different shells is given
below.
1s< 2s< 2p< 3s<3p< 4s< 3d ...
ii) An atom is electrically neutral, why?

Protons have a positive charge the usually expressed as +1. The electron has a
negative charge that is expressed as -1. A neutral atom has the same number of
electrons as the number of protons in it. Opposite charges cancel each other.
Therefore, the net charge in an atom is equal to zero. This makes an atom electrically
neutral.
iii) How many sub-shells are there in N shell?

As N-Shell is fourth in order of shells or energy level (n=4), so it has four sub-shells
i.e. 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f
iv) Give notation for sub-shells of M shell.

As M shell is third in order of shells or energy levels (n=3), so It has 3 sub-shells
called 3s, 3p and 3d.
v) List the sub-shells of M Shell in order of increasing energy.

3s < 3p < 3d
vi) Can you identify an atom without knowing number of neutrons in it?
Yes, we can identify an atom without knowing number of neutrons in it
because an atom is identified by its atomic number and number of protons or
electrons represents it.
Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number = A - Z
Atomic number = Z (No. of protons)
Atomic mass = A (No. of protons + No. of neutrons)
Q3) The electronic configurations listed are incorrect. Explain what mistake has been made
in each and write correct electronic configurations.
x = Is2 2s2 2p4 3p2 , y = Is2 2s1 2p1 , z = Is2 2s2 2p53s1
According to Auf Bau principle electrons fill the lowest energy sub-shell that is available first.
This means electrons will fill first 1s, then 2s, then 2p and so on.
Correct x = Is2 2s2 2p6
Correct y = Is2 2s2
Correct z = Is2 2s2 2p6
Q5) Which orbital in each of the following pairs is lower in energy?

(a) 2s, 2p (b) 3p, 2p (c) 3s, 4s
a. The energy of 2s < 2p

b. The energy of 2p < 3p
c. The energy of 3s < 4s
Q7) Draw Bohr's Model for the following atoms indicating the location for electron,
protons and neutrons:
a. Potassium (Atomic No 19, Mass No. 39)
b. Silicon (Atomic No. 14, Mass No. 28)
d. Argon (Atomic No. 18, Mass No. 39)

Q9) Write electronic configuration for the following elements:
a. 28 Si
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p2
14
24 Mg
b. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2
12
27Al
C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p1
13
40 Ar 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p6
d. 18
Q11) State the importance and uses of isotopes in various fields of life.
Stable and radioactive isotopes have many applications in science and medicines. Some of these
are as follows.
i. Radioactive iodine - 131 used as a tracer in diagnosing thyroid problem.
ii. Na- 24 used to trace the flow of blood and detect possible constructions or obstructions in the
circulatory system.
iii. Iodine-123 is used to image the brain.
iv. Cobalt-60 is commonly used to irradiate cancer cells in the hope of killing or shrinking the
tumors.
v. Carbon-14 is used to trace the path of carbon in photosynthesis.
vi. Radioactive isotopes are used to determine the molecular structure e.g. sulphur-35 has been
used in the structure determination of thiosulphate, S2O3 -2 ion.
vii. Radioactive isotopes are also used to study the mechanism of chemical reactions.
viii. Radioactive isotopes are used to date rocks, soils, archaeological objects and mummies.
Q12) The atomic number of an element is 23 and its mass number is 56.
a. How many protons and electrons does an atom of this element have?
a) Given data:
Atomic number = Z = 23
Mass number = A= 56
To find:
No. of protons= p+ =?
No. of electrons= e-=?
As we know that:
Atomic number = No. of protons
So, No. of protons (p+) = 23
No. of protons (p+) = No. of electrons (e-)
So, No. of electrons (e-) = 23
b. How many neutrons does this atom have?
Given data:
Atomic number = Z = 23
Mass number = A = 56
To find:
Number of neutrons = no =?
As we know that:
Number of neutrons = Mass number -Atomic Number
Number of neutrons (no) = A - Z
Number of neutrons (no) = 56 - 23 = 33
Q13) The atomic symbol of aluminum is written as 27Al, what information do you get
13
from it?
Atomic number = Z = 13,
Atomic mass = A = 27
Atomic number = No. of protons
No of protons = No. of electrons
Number of protons = p+ = 13
Number of electrons = e- = 13
Number of neutrons = A-Z = 27 – 13 = 14
Distribution of electrons in different shells is as followed:
K = 2 , L = 8 , M= 3
The Electronic Configuration is (1s2 2s2 2p6 3s23p1), Hence, Aluminum (Al) has 3 electrons in
its valence shell and loses 3 electrons to form Al+3 therefore; it is a metal.

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Unit 3 – Review Exercise

Q2) Give short answers

ii) An atom is electrically neutral, why?

iii) How many sub-shells are there in N shell?

iv) Give notation for sub-shells of M shell.

v) List the sub-shells of M Shell in order of increasing energy.

Q5) Which orbital in each of the following pairs is lower in energy?

a. The energy of 2s < 2p

a. Potassium (Atomic No 19, Mass No. 39)

b. Silicon (Atomic No. 14, Mass No. 28)

d. Argon (Atomic No. 18, Mass No. 39)

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