Kcse 2024 Agriculture Replica Prediction

KCSE 2024 REPLICA
AGRICULTURE
(PREDICTION EXAMS 1-10)
Confidential set of Possible Questions likely to be examined in the forthcoming

Final Examinations. A Projection of what is likely to be tested in the much-
awaited KNEC Exams scheduled for November 2024.
The following are Questions to expect in KCSE 2024 EXAMS.
CONFIDENTIAL!
For Marking Schemes

Mr Isaboke 0746 222 000 /0742 999 000
THE KEY TO SUCCESS!

KCSE 2024 REPLICA PREDICTION
(POSSIBLE TRIAL 1)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………….
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………….
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………..
Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
1. Write your name, Admission number and date in the spaces provided.
2. This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
3. Answer All questions in Section A and B in the spaces provided.
4. Answer any two questions in Section C in the spaces provided.
FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

MAXIMUM CANDIDATE
SECTION QUESTION SCORE SCORE
A 1-9 30
B 10-12 20
C 13-15 40
For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

SECTION A: 30 MARKS
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. Define the following terms. (3 marks)
a) Under sowing
b) Over sowing
c) Ammonification
2. State four factors which determine soil depth. (2 marks)
3. State four benefits of soil organisms in crop growth. (2 marks)
4. a)Give four natural factors that would encourage the gully erosion on a farm. (2 marks)
b) State four ways by which mulch control soil erosion. (2 marks)
c) List four materials used in the construction of gabions. (2 marks)
5. a) State four factors that should be considered when selecting a forage crop species to be
established in a given area. (2 marks)
b) Define topping as used in forage crops. (1 mark)
6. State four ways of weed control in a field of tomatoes. (2 marks)
7. State four factors that should be considered when collecting seeds for tree planting. (2 marks)
8. Name two types of labour used on a farm. (2 marks)
9. State four problems farmers face in a loan repayment. (2 maks)
10. Outline four uses of gross margin to a farmer. (2 marks)
11. Outline four reasons why a farmer should diversify his farm enterprises. (2 marks)
12. State two advantages of contract marketing. (2 marks)
SECTION B 20MARKS
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
13. The photographs below show two maize pests labeled A and B. Study them carefully and
answer the questions that follow.

a) Name the pests. (2 marks)
A ……………………………………………………………………………………………..
B ………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Define the term economic injury level. (1 mark)
c) Outline three factors to consider before deciding to use a chemical method of pest control.
(3 marks)
d) List three advantages of biological pest control. (3 marks)
14. Below is a graph showing the relationship between supply and demand in price determination.
a) Name the curves. (2 marks)

M …………………………………………………………………………………………..
N ……………………………………………………………………………………………
b)What is the name given to the point where the two curves M and N intersect. (1 mark)
c) Give two reasons why there is excess supply above P4. (2 marks)
d) Define the law of demand. (1 mark)
e) Given that at a price of ksh 100 per bag, 20 bags of maize are on demand but when the price
changed to 80sh per bag 22 bags are demanded. Calculate electricity of demand. Show your
working. (3 marks)
f) Give two types of production functions in agricultural economics. (2 marks)

SECTION C 40 MARKS
Answer ANY TWO questions from this section in the spaces provided.
15. a) Describe the functions of agricultural marketing. (10 marks)
b) Explain the role of agricultural cooperatives in Kenya. (10 marks)
16. (a) Explain ten problems hindering agricultural development in Kenya. (10 marks)
b) Describe the process involved in water treatment using a chemical treatment system.
(10 marks)
17. a) Describe ten harmful effects of weeds. (10 marks)
b) Outline ten advantages of zero grazing. (10 marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 1)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
1. Write your name, Admission number and date in the spaces provided.
2. This paper consists of three sections; A, B and C.
3. Answer All questions in Section A and B in the spaces provided.
4. Answer any two questions in Section C in the spaces provided.
For Examiners use only.

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S
SCORE
A 1-17 30
B 18-22 20
C 20
20
20
TOTAL 90

SECTION A
1. Name four dairy breeds of goats. (2 mks)
2. Outline two control measures of roundworm. (1 mk)
3. State four maintenance practice carried on a wheelbarrow. (2 mks)
4. Give three ways of transmitting livestock diseases. (1 ½ mks)
5. State the appropriate use of each of the following farm tool.
i) Stock and die (1 mk)
ii) Oil stone (1 mk)
6. Distinguish between zoonotic disease and a notifiable disease. (2 mks)
7. State four reasons for keeping livestock healthy. (2 mks)
8. a) What is the intermediate host for liverfluke. (1 mk)
b) What is the duration of oestrus cycle in a cow. (1 mk)
9. State two advantages of upgrading cattle. (2 mks)
10. Give the functions of the following parts of a reciprocating mower.
a) swath stick ( ½ mk)
b) Shoe ( ½ mk)
c) Cutter bar ( ½ mk)
11. Give two functions of the albumen in an egg. (2 mks)
12. State four qualities of good wool. (2 mks)
13. Give two reasons why honey harvesting is discouraged at night. (2 mks)
14. Which hormone stimulates milk let down? (1 mk)
15. Give two qualities of a creep feed. (2 mks)
16. State two reasons for seasoning timber before use in construction. (2 mks)
17. Name the causal organisms of the following diseases.
a) Anthrax ( ½ mk)
b) Nagana ( ½ mk)

SECTION B
18. Study the diagram below carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Indicate below each diagram the conditions in the brooder. (4 mks)

19. Study the diagram below and answer the questions
i) Draw a line in the diagram indicating the correct position of debeaking the birds. (1 mk)
ii) Give the reasons for debeaking birds. (2 mks)

20. Below are illustrations of animal hooves and an activity being done?
a) What activity is going on in the diagram F? ( ½ mk)

b) Which of the above hooves is likely to predispose foot rot infections? ( ½ mk)
c) Other than protecting animals from foot rot, give two other reasons for carrying out the above
activity. (2 mks)
21. The following is an illustration of a handsaw. Study it carefully and answer the questions
that follow.
a) Name the parts labelled.

F- (1 mk)
G- (1 mk)
b) Explain three maintenance practices that should be carried out on the part labelled H. (3 mks)
22. The illustrations below represent the different stages of development of a three host tick.
Study it carefully and then answer the questions that follow.
a) Briefly explain what is happening in the following stages. (2 mks)

1–
4–
5–
7–
b) Why could it be difficult to control the above tick using acaricides? (1 mk)
c) Name the most common sites the tick can be found on the body of an animal. (2 mks)
SECTION C
23. (a) Describe the control measures of cannibalism in layers. (10 mks)
(b) State five maintenance practices of a mould board plough. (5 mks)
(c) State the advantages of a four stroke engine. (5 mks)
24. (a) Describe six effects of parasite on livestock (6 mks)

(b) Explain five reasons for maintaining farm tools and equipment (5 mks)
(c) Discuss the management of layers in a deep litter system (9 mks)
25. (a) Explain the practices observed in clean milk production (8 mks)
(b) Explain the importance of fences in a farm (12 mks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 2)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
(a) Write your name, index number, admission number and class in the spaces provided.
(b) Sign and write the date in the spaces provided above.
(c) Answer all the questions in section A and B.
(d) Answer any two questions in section C.
(e) Answers should be written in the spaces provided.
For Examiner’s Use Only

Question Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
A 1-16 30
B 17-20 20
C 21-23 20
20
Total score 90

SECTION A. (30 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Give four reason why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (2mks)
2. Name the routine filed practice done by;
i. Removal of extra suckers in banana stool (1/2mk)
Removal of old stems down to level of top foliage in pyrethrum (1/2mk)
ii. Removal of suckers from coffee bushes (1/2mk)
3. Distinguish between GDP and GNP (2mks)
4. What meant by the following terms
i) Seed inoculation (1mk)
ii) Seed dressing (1mk)
5. Name four types of terraces (2mks)
6. State three characteristics of phosphatic fertilizers (1/2 mk)
7. Explain the relationship between scarcity and choice as used in agricultural economics (2mks)
8. Outline four ways by which crop pest are classified (2mks)
9. State four advantages of land consolidation (2mks)
10. Outline four benefits derived from trees used in agroforestry (2mks)
11. Give four advantages of overhead irrigation in crop production (2mks)
12. State four practices which improve light intensity in crop production (2mks)
13. a) Give two factors that influence the quality of hay (1mk)
b) Outline two other methods of conserving forage in the farm (1mk)
14. Give four varieties of tomatoes grown for processing (2mks)
15. Give four harmful effects of weed on crop production (2mks)
16. State four factors that influence the number of secondary cultivation in seed bed preparation
(2mks)

SECTION B (20MKS)
ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
17. The diagram below represents a method of manure preparation. Study it carefully and answer the
questions that follow;
a) Identify the type of manure being prepared (1mk)

b) Name the parts labelled E and F (2mks)
c) Give two disadvantages of organic manures (2mks)
18. The diagram below illustrates a cereal crop plant and its produce, study the diagram carefully and
answer the question that follow;
a) Name one disease that attack the part labelled D in the diagram (1mk)
b) From which section of the produce labelled E, F and G should seed for planting be obtained?
(1mk)
c) Give one reason for the answer given in (B) above (1mk)
d) State two functions of the part labelled H in the diagram (2mks)

19. A farmer wishes to change her enterprise form vegetable production to dairy farming. The costs
she incurs on vegetables are as follows;
i) Weeding sh. 200
ii) Harvesting sh. 300
iii) Fertilizer sh. 500
iv) Seeds sh. 400
When she changes per enterprise to dairy she incurs the following costs;
Cost of buying cattle sh. 5000
Disease control – sh 200
Salary for milk person –sh 2000
Fencing – sh. 500
The revenue she gets from vegetable is sh 10,000 while in dairy she gets;
i) Milk sales sh 15,000
ii) Manure sales sh 1000
Draw a partial budget and indicate the effect of the proposed changes. (5mks)
20. The illustration below shows a type of soil erosion. Study it carefully and answer the question
that follow:
a) Identify the type of erosion illustrated above; (1mk)

b) Give three soil factors that influence the rate of soil erosion (3mks)
c) Name one agent of soil erosion (1mk)
SECTION C (40 MARKS)
ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS FROM THIS SECTION
21. a) Describe harvesting of sugar cane (4mks)
b) Study following information which was extracted from juhudi farm record on 31-12- 95 and
answer the question below
Loans payable to bank 300,000
Five milking cows 250,000
400 layers 80,000
20 goats 30,000
Debts payable to co-operative 20,000
Buildings/ structures 60,000
Bonus payable to workers 19,000
Cattle feed in store 10,000
Animal drugs in store 4,000
Debtors receivable 18,000
Breakages to repair 30,000
Cash at hand 20,000
Cash in Bank 30,000
Spray equipment 12,000
Prepare a balance sheet for Juhudi’s farm using the information above; (6mks)
d) Describe the function of agricultural marketing (10mks)
22. a) Describe the procedure of silage making (10mks)

b) State five effects of winds in crop production (5mks)
c) Explain five physical methods of pest control (5mks)
23. a) Describe the safety precautions a farmer should take when using herbicides (5mks)
b) Explain five factors that influence rooting of cutting (10mks)
c) Explain five ways through which farmers adjust to risks and uncertainties in farming (5mks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 2)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

A 1-18 30
B 19-21 20
C 20
20
Total score 90

SECTION A (30MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
1. State FOUR factors that determine the strength of concrete in building and construction. (2mks)
2. State the factors that a farmer should consider when siting a bee hive to prevent swarming.
(2mks)
3. Name ONE livestock disease that is transmitted by the following parasites (1mks)
(a) Brown ear tick
(b) Tsetse fly
4. State TWO factors that enable ruminants to break Fibrous food materials . (1Mk)
5. State FOUR breeds of rabbits. (2mks)
6. State FOUR essentials of clean milk production. (2mks)
7. State FOUR measures that should be taken to control brucellosis in cattle. (2mks)
8. State FOUR ways of restraining cattle (2mks)
9. State FOUR advantages of battery cage system. (2mks)
10. State FOUR maintenance of a Jackplain (2mks)
11. State TWO functions of ventilation in a farm house. (1mk)
12. Define the following terms as used in sheep rearing. (2mks)
(i) Hogget
(ii) Burling
(iii) Ringing
(iv) Wigging\
13. State TWO types of selection practiced by livestock farmers. (1mk)
14. State FOUR factors that lead to long calving interval in cattle. (2mks)
15. Outline THREE methods of harnessing tractor power. (1 ½ mks)
16. State TWO causes of small sized eggs in poultry. (1mk)
17. State FOUR functions of the lubricating system in a tractor. (2mks)
18. State THREE qualities considered when selecting a heifer for dairy purposes (1 ½ mks)

SECTION B.
19. Study the diagram below of a diesel fuel system then answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the parts labelled A, B, C (3mks)

b) State TWO maintenance practices carried out on the system (2mks)
20. Below are diagrams of certain parasites. Study them carefully and answer the questions that
follow.
a) Identify parasites C.D and E (3mks)

b) State TWO categories of the parasites above. (2mks)

21. Below is an activity carried out in poultry production. Study it carefully then answer the
questions that follow.
(a) Identity the practice being carried out/ (1mk)

(b) State FOUR defects that can be detected by this practice. (4mks)
22. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Name the parts labelled M,N,P (3mks)

(b) State ONE function of parts labelled M & P (2mks)
SECTION C ( 40 MARKS).
INSTRUCTIONS: All Questions have equal; marks. Chose any two.
23.a. Describe advantages of Ai practice in livestock production. (10mks)
(b) Differentiate between petrol and diesel engine. (5mks)
(c) Describe the components of a spray race (5mks)

24.(a)Describe FIVE management practices carried out on hedge. (5mks)
(b) State the general symptoms of endoparasite attack. (10mks)
(c) Describe the uses of various equipments that are used in honey harvesting. (5mks)
25. State the maintenance practices of a mouldbord plough/ (5mks)

(b) Describe mastitis under the following sub headings.
(i) Animal affected (2mks)
(ii) Pre-disposing factors (5mks)
(iii) Symptoms of attack (3mks)
(c) State FIVE factors to be considered when selecting construction materials. (4mks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 3)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

A 1-16 30
B 17-20 20
C 21-23 20
20
Total score 90

Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided
1. Name four classes of livestock farming (2 marks)
2. State four advantages of landlordism and tenancy land tenure system. (2marks)
3. Give four methods of harvesting agro forestry trees (2 marks)
4. State four characteristics of a good grain store. (2 marks)
5. Give four structural soil and water conservation measures. (2 marks)
6. Name two types of labour records kept by a farmer. (1 mark)
7. State four methods of land acquisition (2 marks)
8. State four factors which increases seed rate during planting (2 marks)
9. State four importance of growing crops under optimum temperature (2 marks)
10. Name four classes of weeds. (2 marks)
11. State four factors to consider when siting a nursery bed. (2 marks)
12. State four contents of a tomato sales receipt (2 marks)
13. State four factors that determine pesticide efficiency. (2 marks)
14. State four conditions under which land clearance may be necessary. (2 marks)
15. Name two non-competitive market system (2 marks)
16. Name two methods of soil sampling. (1 mark)
SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
17. The diagram below shows a method of forage conservation
Polythene sheet
Soil layer
Drainage
Forage material
(i) Name the structure illustrated above (1 mark)

(ii) Name the form of forage conservation using the above structure. (1 mark)
(iii) State two factors to consider when siting the structure. (2 marks)

(iv) Name other form of forage conservation apart from the one illustrated above. (1 mark)
18. Below is a format of a record kept by a farmer. Use it to answer the questions the follow.
Date Disease symptom Animal affected Drug used Cost of treatment Remarks
(i) Name the type of farm records illustrated above. (1 mark)

(ii) State two importance of the record to the farmer (2 marks)
(iii) Give any two entries on the remark section. (2 marks)
19. During harvesting of tomato, a farmer noticed some symptoms at the bottom of the tomato fruit as
shown below
Dark part
(i) Name the disease whose symptom is illustrated in the tomato (diagram) (1 mark)
(ii) State two causes of the disease in the tomato (2 marks)
(iii) State two ways of controlling the disease. (2 marks)
20. Below is a graphical representation of a law in Agricultural economics. Study the graph carefully
and answer the questions that follow.
Phase
1400 II Phase
Total output (90kg bags)
Phase III
1200
I
1000
800
400
20 40 60 80 100
200
Fertilizer input (50kg bags
0
i) Identify the law represented by the graph. (1 mark)
ii) State the law. (1 mark)
iii) Explain how each additional unit of fertilizer input relates to total output of maize in the Phases II
and III.
Phase II ……………………………………………………………………….. (1 mark)
Phase III ……………..……………………………………………………….. (1 mark)
iv) State the importance of the law identified in (i) above to a maize farmer. (1 mark)

Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided
21. i) State five importance of irrigation. (5 marks)
ii) State four roles of calcium in crops. (4 marks)
iii) State six cultural disease control measures. (6 marks)
iv) Describe five factors that may increase the demand of maize in Bondo market. (5 marks)
22. i) State five causes of land fragmentation. (5 marks)

ii) Describe five ways by which soil looses its fertility. (5 marks)
iii) Describe transplanting of tomato seedlings from the nursery bed to a seedbed. (5 marks)
iv) Describe the management of agro forestry trees. (5 marks)
23. i) Describe five ways by which a farmer can overcome risks and uncertainties in maize production.
(5 marks)
ii) Describe harvesting and precaution taken during harvesting of tea. (5 marks)
iii) State four farming practises which may destroy soil structure. (4 marks)
iv) State six importance of crop rotation in a farming business. (6 marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 3)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

A 1-18 30
B 19-21 20
C 20
20
Total score 90

SECTION A (30MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section
1. Give two reasons for docking in sheep production. (1 mark)
2. Give four ideal qualities of a good calf pen (2 marks)
3. Outline four characteristics of Romney marsh sheep breed (2 marks)
4. (a) State two disadvantages of using metal frames in construction of farm buildings (1 mark)
(b) Give two reasons for seasoning timber (1 mark)
5. Outline four reasons for swarming of bees (2 marks)
6. List two methods that can be used to preserve fish (1 mark)
7. (a) What is a notifiable disease? (1 mark)
(b) Name four examples of notifiable diseases in livestock. (2 marks)
8. Name two major physical differences between Bactrian and Dromedary breeds of camel.(1 mrk)
9. State two characteristics of heavy poultry breeds. (1 mark)
10. List two maintenance practices of a wood chisel. (1 mark)
11. State four ways of controlling tsetse flies. (2 marks)
12. State four characteristics of livestock roughage feedstuff. (2 marks)
13. List two equipment used in handling cattle during agricultural exhibition. (1 mark)
14. State the gestation period of the livestock animals given below
a) Rabbit (½ mark)
b) Goat (½ mark)
15. State four disadvantages of natural mating (2 marks)
16. State one egg content added to it at the magnum during egg formation process. (1 mark)
17. State four methods used to control cannibalism in a deep litter system (2 marks)
18. (a) Give three uses of Biogas in the farm (1 ½ marks)
(b) State three reasons why the use of wind power on the farm is limited. (1 ½ marks)

SECTION B: (20MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
19. (a) The illustration below represents equipment used in poultry production. Study it carefully
and answer the questions that follow:
i) Identify the equipment illustrated above. (1 mark)

ii) Name the parts labeled C, D and E on the diagram of the equipment illustrated on the equipment
in (a) above (1 ½marks)
iii) What are the functions of each of the parts labeled C, D and E (3marks)
iv) Why is it important to turn the eggs around 180 oc every 6- 8 hours? (1mark)
b) The diagram bellows shows the reproductive system of a cow. Study it and answer the questions
that follow.
(i) Name the parts labeled J, F and H. (1½ marks)

(ii) State one function of each of the parts labeled J and H
J …………………………………………………………………………………………... (1 mark)
H ………………………………………………………………………………………..… (1.mark)
(iii) Name three reproductive hormones in dairy cattle (3 marks)
20. (a) The illustrations below labeled V, W, and X show three different ways some hens were
debeaked.
i) Which hen was correctly debeaked? (1 mark)

ii) State two reasons for your choice in (i) above. (1 mark)
(b) Name any two tools which would be used for debeaking. (2 marks)
21. Boran Dam X FRIESIAN SIRE – f1 heifer x charolais
(a) What type of breeding system is shown above? (1 mark)
(b) Why would you recommend such a breeding system? (1 mark)
(c) What characteristic in the heifer are you improving by using such a breeding system? (1 mark)
SECTION C: (40 MARKS)

Answer any two questions
22. (a)Outline ten differences between a tractor drawn mould plough and an ox mouldboard.(10 mks
(b) Describe management of growers to point of lay. (10 marks)
23. (a) (i) Give three factors considered in siting a farm structure. (3 marks)
(ii) Describe the functions of each of the following parts of a plunge dip. (7 marks)
(a) Foot bath
(b) Entrance race
(c) Roof
(d) Drainage race
(e) Jump
(f) Dip tank
(g) Exit step
(b) Describe the procedure of constructing a barbed wire fence. (10 marks)
24. (a) (i) Give three factors affecting the amount of food given to an animal. (3 marks)
(ii) State and explain seven essential of clean milk production. (7 marks)
(b) Describe digestion of grass in the rumen of a cow. (10 marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 4)
443/1
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………. ADM NO; ……………………
CLASS……………………………………………………… DATE………………………
a) Write your name and index in the spaces provided above
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
d) Answer all the questions in sections A and B.
e) Answer any two questions in section C

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
A 1 – 20 30
B 21 - 26 40
C 27-29 20
Total Score 90

SECTION A
Answer ALL questions from this section
1. State two methods which can be used to detect mineral deficiency in crops. (lmk)
2. State two conditions under which shifting cultivation is favourable. (lmk)
3. State two conditions under which seeds are seeded at a high seed rate. (2mks)
4. State three ways in which trees improve soil fertility. (1 1/2 mks)
5. Give three causes of hardpans in cultivation. (1 1/2 mks)
6. Under what two conditions does opportunity cost not exist? (lmk)
7. Give two roles of additives in silage making. (lmk)
8. Outline four advantages of mixed farming. (2mks)
9. Give three reasons why bulbils make good planting materials than suckers. (2mks)
10. Give three reasons why agriculture is defined as a science. (1 1/2 mks)
11. Give four characteristics of large scale farming system. (2mks)
12. State four farming practices which help to improve soil structure. (2mks)
13. Give four effects of top dressing on a pasture. (2mks)
14. What are the two reasons for innoculating legume seeds before planting . (1mk)
15. State two advantages of carrying out pruning in banana production. (1mk)
16. In maize hybrid 614 what do the following figures stand for? (1mk)
(i) 6……………………………………………………………………………………
(ii) 4…………………………………………………………………………………….
17. Give two ways in which pastures are classified. (1mk)
18. Name four practices carried out to improve and maintain permanent pasture. (2mks)
19. Give four advantages of tissue culture. (2mks)
20. Give three stages of controlling devils horsewhip by mechanical means. (1½ marks)

SECTION B
21. The diagram below shows a set up of apparatus for finding the percentage of humus contents in
a soil by ignition.
(a) Label the apparatus. (2 marks)

I…………………………………………………………………………………………
II………………………………………………………………………………………...
III………………………………………………………………………………………..
IV………………………………………………………………………………………...
(b) Outline the steps followed in carrying out the illustrated experiment. (3 marks)
22.
G H
(i) Identify the weeds above. (2 marks)

G ……………………………………………………………………………
H ……………………………………………………………………………
(ii) State the economic importance of the weed shown in diagram G. (2 marks)
(iii)Why is it difficult to control weed in diagram G? (1 mark)
23. Study the pest below and answer the questions below.
(a) Identify the pest (1 mark)

(b) State two methods of controlling the pest. (2 marks)
(c) Name the crops attacked by the pest. (2 marks)
24. The diagram below illustrates a field management practices in tomatoes
(i) Identify the practice (1 mark)

(ii) State three reasons for carrying out the practice. (3 marks)
(iii) Give another practice that could be carried out to give the same results. (1 mark)
25. Study the diagram below then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Identify the method of drainage above. (1mk)

(b) State other three methods used to drain swampy areas. (3mks)
(c) Give four importance of drainage. (4mks)
26. Study the processes of chemical water treatment below and answer the questions that follow:
(a) Identify the parts labeled: (2mks)

A……………………………………………… C………………………………………………
B………………………………………… D…………………………………………
(b) State two chemical substances added at part labeled B and give their functions. (2mks)
(c) State two factors which influence the quantity of the chemical used in part labeled D.(2mks)
(d) State three uses of water in crop production. (3 mks)
(e) State three types of production functions in agriculture. (3mks)
SECTION C (20MKS)
27. (a) Describe the cultural methods of weed control in crop production. (l0mks)
(b) Describe the harmful effects of pests on crops (10mks)
28. (a)Discuss the human factors which influence agriculture. (10 marks)
(b) Explain five factors to consider when choosing the planting time. (10 marks)
29. Describe the production of carrots under the following sub headings
a) Seedbed preparation (3 marks)
b) Harvesting (4 marks)
c) Explain five cultural methods of weed control in beans production. (10 marks)
d) Outline three roles of sulphur in crop production. (3 marks)

KCSE Marking Schemes - 0746 222 000 / 0742 999 000

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 4)
443/2
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………. ADM NO; ……………………
CLASS……………………………………………………… DATE………………………
a) Write your name and index in the spaces provided above
b) Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above
c) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
d) Answer all the questions in sections A and B.
e) Answer any two questions in section C

SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
A 1 – 29 40
B 30 - 35 30
C 36 - 38 20
Total Score 90
SECTION A (30 Marks)

Answer ALL questions from this section
1. What is apiculture? (1 mark)
2. Name one livestock disease that is transmitted by the following parasites.
(a) Brown ear tick (½ mark)
(b) Tsetse fly (½ mark)
3. State the intermediate host for liver fluke Fasciola spp. (½ mark)
4. State four breeds of rabbits. (2 marks)
5. State two functions of a crop in a digestive system of chicken. (1 mark)
6. State three ways of restraining cattle (1½ marks)
7. State two livestock diseases caused by virus. (1 mark)
8. State two types of selection practiced by livestock farmers (1 mark)
9. State three ways of preventing predation in a fish pond (1mark)
10. State four functions of feed additives in livestock production. (2 marks)
11. State two types of calf pens. (1 mark)
12. State advantages of embryo transplant. (2 marks).
13. State two roles of testis in male reproductive system. (1 mark)
14. Differentiate between mothering ability and prolificacy (2 marks)
15. State three ways in which feeding contributes to disease control. (1½ marks)
16. State two functional differences between rumen and abomasums. (2marks)
17. Name four practices carried out in the crush (2 mks)
18. Give three dual purpose cattle breeds (1½ mks)
19. Give three terms used to describe the following: - (1½ mks)
(i) Mature male pig........................................................................................................
(ii) Sterilised birds ....................................................................................................
(iii) Mature female goat .................................................................................................
20. State four reasons for identifying farm animals (2mks)
21. State two factors that determine the quality of honey (1mk)
22. Give four categories of livestock diseases (2 mks)
23. Name three tools used for plumbing (1½ mks)
24. State two maintenance practices carried out on an ox-drawn plough (1 mk)
25. List two sources of farm’s power which are environmental friendly (1 mk)
26. State four functions of the lubricating system in a tractor (2mks)
27. State two conditions under which a farmer would prefer to use an ox-cart instead of a tractor-
drawn trailer (1mks)
28. State four qualities considered when selecting a heifer for dairy purposes (1mks)
29. Give one role of a damp proof course in the foundation of a farm building (1mk)
SECTION B (30MKS)
30. The illustrations below represents the stages of development of a three –host tick. Study it
carefully and then answer the questions that follow:
(a) Briefly explain what is happening in the following stages (4 marks)

1…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….
4…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….
5…………………………………………………..………………….……………………………..
7…………………………………………………..………………………………………………….
(b) Why do you think that tick control is difficult using acaricides? (1 mark)
(c) Name the most common sites the tick can be found on the body of an animal. (2 marks)
(d) Give two examples of a three host tick (1mark)
31. The diagram below illustrates a certain practice carried out in sheep management. Study carefully
and answer the questions that follow
(i) Identify the practice illustrated above (1mark)

(ii) State two precautions a farmer should put into consideration when carrying out this practice.
(2marks)
(iii) How often should the practice be carried out? (1mark)
32. Below in an activity carried out in poultry production. Study it carefully then answer the questions
that follow.
a) Identify the practice being carried out...................................................................... (1 mk)

b) State three defects that can be detected by this practice (3 mks)
c) State two disadvantages of artificial incubation. (2 mks)
33. Use the above diagram of a calf pen to answer the questions that follow.
a) How high should the calf pen be raised from the ground (1mk)
b) Give any two reasons why calves are housed singly (2mks)
c) Why should the calf pen be near the milking parlour? (2mks)
34. Study the diagram below of a diesel fuel system then answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the parts labelled A, B, C (3 mks)

b) State three maintenance practices carried out on the system (2mks)
35. Outline the procedure of proper milking technique (3 mks)
SECTION C (20MKS)
36. a) Outline five signs of heat in a cow (5 mks)
b) Outline five causes of stress in poultry and describe their control (10mks)
c) Using Pearson’s square compute a ration with 20% DCP from oats which contains 10% DCP
and simsim seedcake containing 60% DCP. (show your working) (5mks)
37. a) Outline the daily maintenance practices that should be carried out on a farm tractor (8 mks)
b) Outline twelve general symptoms of endoparasite attack in livestock. (12 mks)
38. a) State four advantages of using a sub soiler in seedbed preparation (4mks)
b) Give five advantages of artificial insemination in cattle management (5mks)
c) State five function of water in animal’s body (5mks)
d) Describe control measures for tape worm in livestock (6mks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 5)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided at the top of this page
b) This paper consists of three sections: A , B and C
c) Answer all questions in sections A and B
d) Answer any two questions in section C
e) All answers should be written in the spaces provided
f) Candidate should answer the questions in English

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM CANDIDATE
SCORE SCORE
A 1-21 30
B 22-25 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90
SECTION A (30 Marks)
Answer all questions in this section on the spaces provided
1. Suggest three factors that determine the choice of a method of farming (1½ marks)
2. Outline three effects of soil organisms which benefit crop growth (1½ marks)
3. State the soil component that determines (1mark)
Soil Structure class
Soil Structure grade
4. State four effects of hard pans in the soil (2 marks)
5. State four factors that determine the number of secondary operations carried out on land in the
formation of a seedbed (2marks)
6. State four factors that are hinder access of enough and clean water to most Kenyans communities
(2marks)
7. Name three causes of water logging in arable land (1½ marks)
8. What is the difference between compost manure prepared in drier areas and one prepared in wet
areas? (1 mark)
9. State two methods used to test the PH of the soil (1 mark)
10. Differentiate between stem and root tubers (1 mark)
11. The average spacing of Arabica coffee is 2.7 m by 2.7 m. Calculate the plant population in one
hectare (1Ha) of land (Show your working) (2marks)
12. State any two practices carried out during hardening of seedlings in the production of tomatoes
(1mark)
13. Name the three types of suckers that are supposed to be left in each banana stool after removal or
pruning of the extra suckers. (1½ marks)
14. State four types of information contained in a land title deed (2 marks)
15. Explain two ways in which grass strips help to conserve the soil (1 mark)
16. State four disadvantages of tillage as a method of weed control (2 marks)
17. Explain the difference between pests economic injury level and integrated pest management
(1mark)
18. Name the three grades of coffee obtained after sorting out the picked berries (1½ marks)
19. What is topping in pasture management ( ½ mark)
20. State three ways in which labour productivity can be improved (1½ marks)
21. State three roles of agricultural co-operatives in Kenya (1½ marks)
SECTION B (20 Marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section on the spaces provided
22. Below is a diagram of a tertiary land operation. Study it and answer the questions that follow
a) Name the tertiary land operation (1 mark)

b) Explain the process of performing the tertiary land operation (1 mark)
c) Name the tractor implement that can be used to achieve the operation (1 mark)
d) State the importance of carrying out the tertiary operation (2 marks)
23. Below are diagrams of two methods of pruning. Study them carefully and answer the questions
that follow.
i. Identify the pruning methods shown below (2 marks)

Method A ……………………………………………………………………………………….
Method B ………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. When would it be necessary to carry out the type of pruning illustrated in both cases (2 marks)
Method A ………………………………………………………………………………………..
Method B ………………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. Give two advantages of carrying method of pruning in tomatoes (1mark)
24. Below is a diagram of a cabbage pest. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow
a) Identify the cabbage pest shown above (1 mark)

b) In which category of pests does the pest you named in (a) above belong (1mark)
c) What kind of mouth part does the pest named in (a) above possess? (1 mark)
d) Suggest two control measures for the pest named in (a) above (2 marks)
25. Below are diagrams of different varieties of sorghum. Study them and answer the questions that
follow
i. Identify the different varieties A, B, C (3 marks)

ii. State one advantage of the variety labeled C over the other varieties (1 mark
iii. Name two common pests of sorghum ( 1 mark)
SECTION C (40 Marks)

Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 28.
26. a) State and explain four ways in which biological agents may enhance soil formation(6 marks)
b) Discuss six reasons on the importance of keeping good and up to date farm accounts in the farm
(6 marks)
c) Discuss why liming is a recommended practice in crop production (4 marks)
d) Explain the roles of irrigation water in rice production (4 marks)
27. a) Outline the procedure undertaken in inheriting a registered land upon death of the owner
( 8 marks)
b) State the three harvesting practices of maize (3 marks)
c) Discuss the processes of large scale chemical treatment of water (9 marks)
28. The following information was obtained from Keheo farm. Study the information and prepare a
balance sheet for the farm for the year ended 31st JULY/AUG 2023
Payable tax - 16,000
Interest on loan - 24,000
Payable debts - 14,000
Two year bank loan - 120,000
Wages - 24,000
Buildings - 84,000
Receivable debts - 12,000
Livestock - 124,000
Feeds in store - 12,000
Maize in store - 42,000
Cash at hand - 22,000
Movers - 5,500
Cash in bank - 52,000 7 marks
ii) Was Keheo farm solvent or insolvent? (1 mark)
b) State six advantages of mixed cropping (6 marks)
c) Name the three zones of the production function and explain what happens in each of the
production zone (6 marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 5)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS
a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided at the top of this page
b) This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C
c) Answer all questions in sections A and B
d) Answer any two questions in section C
e) All answers should be written in the spaces provided

SCORE SCORE
A 1 – 17 30
B 18 – 21 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90
SECTION A (30 MARKS)

Answer ALL Questions in the spaces provided
1. (a) Name a breed of sheep with a lambing percentage of above 125 % and whose fleece maybe
inferior due to black features. (½ mark)
(b) Name a goat breed which can be used for production of mohair (½ mark)
2. Name two tools in each case in a workshop that are used for:
(a) Assembling (1 mark)
(b) Holding (1 mark)
3. List two equipment used in handling cattle during Agricultural exhibition. (1 mark)
4. State four methods of maintaining good health in livestock. (2 marks)
5. (a) State four desirable qualities of milk. (2 marks)
(b) State four major dairy processors and distributors in Kenya. (2 marks)
6. State four characteristics of livestock succulent roughage feedstuff. (2 marks)
7. State four common bacterial diseases that affect livestock in the farm. (2 marks)
8. State four advantages of using corrugated iron sheets for roofing. (2 marks)
9. Give two reasons for spreading a damp proof coarse of PVC on the top of foundation.(1 mark)
10. (a) State four roles played by engine oil in a tractor engine. (2 marks)
(b) State four practices through which a farmer would ensure that no engine knock occurs in a tractor
(2 marks)
11. State two factors that influence the respiration rate in animals (1 mark)
12. State four practices that ensure maximum harvest of fish from a fish pond. (2 marks)
13. State two difference between dromedary species of camel and Bactrian. (1 mark)
14. State one farm implement which can be used in both primary and secondary operations(½ mk)
15. Give a reason why Irish potatoes should not be fed to ruminant animals (½ mark)
16. List four routes through which pathogens can enter the body of an animal (2 marks)
17. State four reasons why farmers give milk to kids using artificial method. (2 marks)
SECTION B (20 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided
18. The pictures below show some of the farm tools, observe them and answer the questions that
follow.
W D
Y Z
(a) Identify each of the tools shown above W,D,Y,Z (4 marks)
(b) State the use of the tool labeled Z and W (1 marks)
19. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follows
(a) Identify the practice (1 mark)

(b) Outline three management practices that are usually carried out after restraining an animal
(3 marks)
(c) Name one precaution observed when carrying out the practice (1 mark)
20. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follows.
(a) Outline two reasons for raddling (2 marks)

(b) Using letter R, indicate on the diagram the site of ringing (1 mark)
(c) Using letter C, show the position of breeding chutes (1 mark)
(c) Give the function of fitting canvas apron/sire sine harness on the underside of rams (1 mark)
21. Below is a photograph of an artificial method of rearing chicks. Answer the questions below.
(a) Identify the structure (1 mark)

(b) Give reason why
(i) Newspapers are spread on the floor (2 marks)
(ii) The structure has to be round
(c) Outline two important practices that should be done before the arrival of the chicks (2 marks)
SECTION C
Answer Any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 24.
22. a) State five conditions that help in observing the disease symptoms in livestock (5 marks)
b) State and explain why farmers keeping livestock. (8 marks)
c) Describe the typical life cycle of a tapeworm (7 marks)
23. a) Describe the reasons why bees swarm (6 marks)

b) Describe feeding of a dairy calf from birth to weaning. (8 marks)
c) State six advantages of farm mechanization (6 marks)
24. a) Discuss the farming in a fish pond under the following subheadings
i) Stocking (4 marks)
ii) Harvesting (5 marks)
iii) Practice carried out before fish preservation (4 marks)
b) Explain the causes of cannibalism in a flock of layers (7 marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 6)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above
b) Sign and write date of examination in the space provided.
c) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C
d) Answer ALL questions in section A and B and any two questions from section C
e) Candidates must answer the questions in English.
f) All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

A 1-17
B 18-21
C 22-24

Answer ALL Questions in this section
1. List three aspects of light a farmer should consider when deciding on a crop to grow. (1½mks)
2. State four factors which determine the depth of ploughing. (2mks)
3. Give four reasons why it is advantageous to use farm yard manure instead of straight fertilizer.
(2mks)
4. State four methods of reclamation farmers can carry out. (2mks)
5. State four benefits of land consolidation. (2mks)
6. State four factors that determine the spacing of maize crops. (2mks)
7. State four factors which may affect the quality of hay. (2mks)
8. State four factors that affect the effectiveness of a pesticide. (2mks)
9. List any four types of records a crop farmer should keep. (2mks)
10. State four importance of practicing agroforestry. (2mks)
11. State four characteristics of a good site for a nursery bed. (2mks)
12. Name four methods of farming. (2mks)
13. Name four natural factors that may influence soil erosion. (2mks)
14. State two conditions that should be observed when harvesting to ensure that cotton picked is of
high quality. (2mks)
15. State four uses of water on the farm. (2mks)
16. List three types of surface irrigation in crop production. (1½mks)
17. Differentiate between coppicing and pollarding as used in Agroforestry. (1mk)
SECTION B (20MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section
18. Below are filed practices. Study them carefully and answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the above practices. (2mks)

b) State three reasons for carrying out practice M. (3mks)
19. Below are common weeds found on the farm. Use them to answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the weeds R, S, T, U. (2mks)

b) State the reason why S and U are difficult to control. (2mks)
S
U
c) Why is weed R not suitable on dairy animals. (½mk)
d) Which weed is parasitic to cereals? (½mk)
20. The diagram below shows a silo. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the type of silo shown on the diagram. (1mk)

b) State the use of the part labelled M and N. (2mks)

M
N
c) Give two ways of ensuring that anaerobic conditions are achieved during silage making process.
(2mks)
21. The illustrations below represents types of soil structures. Study them carefully and answer the
a) Identify the soil structures X and Y shown above. (2mks)

X
Y
b) Which of the soil structure you have named above is not suitable for growing maize. (1mk)
c) Give two methods of improving the soil structure you have mentioned in (ii) above. (2mks)

Answer any two questions from this section
22. a) Explain how farmers overcome risks and uncertainties in a farming business. (5mks)
b) Explain how various practices carried out in the field help to control crop diseases. (8mks)
c) Transplanting of seedlings. (7mks)
23. Study the following information which was extracted from Mr. Rono’s farm record on 31 st
December 2022 and answer the questions below.
Item
Debts receivable 18,000
Loans payable to bank 300,000
Cows 250,000
Chicken 80,000
Goats 30,000
Debts payable to cooperative 20,000
Buildings and structures 600,000

Wages payable to workers 19,000
Cattle feed in store 10,000
Animal drugs in store 4,000
Breakages to repair 30,000
Cash at hand 20,000
Cash in bank 30,000
Farm equipment 12,000
a) Prepare a balance sheet for Rono’s farm using the information above. (10mks)
b) Describe the properties of nitrogenous fertilizers. (15mks)
c) Describe five problems farmers face in marketing of water melon. (5mks)
24. a) Describe cabbage production under the following sub-headings.

i) Ecological requirements. (2mks)
ii) Field management practices. (3mks)
b) State five advantages of using seeds as planting material. (5mks)
c) Describe process of chemical water treatment before storage. (10mks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 6)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
a) Write your name and admission number in the spaces provided above
b) Sign and write date of examination in the space provided.
c) This paper consists of three sections A, B and C
d) Answer ALL questions in section A and B and any two questions from section C
e) Candidates must answer the questions in English.
SECTION QUESTION MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATE’S SCORE

A 1-17 30
B 18-21 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90
SECTION A. (30MARKS)
1. State four methods of identification in livestock production. (2mks)
2. Explain the meaning of the following terms as used in livestock health.
i) A notifiable disease. (1mk)
ii) Prophylatics. (1mk)
3. Give two reasons for including roughages in diet of non-ruminants. (1mk)
4. State four equalities of a good grain store. (2mks)
5. Give four ways a farmer would adopt to improve production in indigenous cattle. (2mks)
6. State two factors to consider when formulating livestock ration. (2mks)
7. State three importance of farm buildings. (1½mks)
8. State four symptoms of new castle disease in poultry. (2mks)
9. What is creep feeding in pig production? (1mk)
10. State the use of each of the following tools and equipment. (2mks)
i) Routers
ii) Tinsnips
iii) Wood rasp
iv) Chipping hammer
11. State three methods of treating timber for building construction. (1½mks)
12. State two ways in which feed additives are important in animal nutrition. (2mks)
13. State four predisposing factors for mastitis in dairy cattle. (2mks)
14. Give two examples of a three host tick. (1mk)
15. State four general uses of solar energy. (2mks)
16. Name two causes of bloat in farm animals. (2mks)
17. Name two light breeds of poultry. (1mk)
SECTION B (20MARKS)
18. Study the diagram below of an ox-plough and use it to answer the questions that follow.
a) Give the functions of parts G and F (1mark)

G
F (1mark)
b) Name the parts labelled K and I
K (1mark)
I (1mark)
c) Mark on the diagram using letters M and N the two parts used to adjust the depth of ploughing.
(1mark)
19. The diagram below shows a hen sitting on eggs. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
a) Name the method of incubation illustrated above. (1mark)

b) Give two signs that may show that the hen is ready to sit on the eggs. (2marks)
c) State two problems of using the above method to hatch chicks. (2marks)
20.
a) Give the identity of tools P and Q.

P (1mark)
Q (1mark)
b) What is the role of part labelled S on diagram P. (1mark)
c) Name another tool used in conjunction with tool R. (1mark)
d) Give one maintenance practice for tool Q. (1mark)
21. The diagram below shows the male reproductive system in cattle. Use it to answer the questions
that follow.
a) Name the parts labelled Z and W (2mark)

b) State the function of each part labelled V and Y (2mark)
c) How is part W adapted to its function? (1mark)
SECTION C (40MARKS)
22. a) Describe short term tractor servicing. 8marks)
b) Explain the procedure of establishing a fish pond. (5mks)
c) Outline preventive measures for livestock diseases. 7mks)
23. a) Describe brucellosis under the following subheadings:
i) Causal organism (1mark)
ii) Transmission (1mark)
iii) Symptoms (4mks)
iv) Control measures (4mks)
b) State the function of any five parts of a zero grazing unit in dairy farming. (5mks)
c) Explain five factors that should be considered when choosing tools and equipment to use in the
farm. (5mks)
24. a) Explain eight qualities of an ideal broader for a day old chick. (8mks)
b) Describe seven factors that a farmer should consider when sitting a bee hive to prevent swarming of
bees. (7mks)
c) State five functions of water in nutrition. (5mks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 7)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1 (Theory)
TIME: 2 HRS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
Instructions to students
a) Write your name and Admission number in the spaces provided at the top of this page .
b) This paper consists of three sections: A , B and C.
c) Answer all questions in sections A and B.
d) Answer any two questions in section C.
e) All answers should be written in the spaces provided.
MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S
SECTION QUESTIONS SCORE SCORE
A 1-19 30
B 20-22 20
C 23 20
24 20
25 20
TOTAL SCORE 90

Answer all the questions in this section.
1. Name two field practices that are carried out to obtain optimum plant population in a crop field.
(1 Mark)
2. List four post-harvest practices that are carried out in maize production. (2 Marks)
3. State two effects of high rainfall intensity to farming. (1 Mark)
4. State four ways in which a farmer can improve the structure of water logged clay soil. (2 Marks)
5. List four factors that determine the type of irrigation used in crop production. (2 Marks)
6. State four symptoms of potassium deficiency in crops. (2 Marks)
7. State any four disadvantages of using non capped multiple stem pruning in coffee. (2 Marks)
8. State two practices which are carried out during hardening off in seedlings. (1 Mark)
9. Give two conditions in economics when opportunity cost is zero. (1 Mark)
10. State four advantages of organic farming. (2 Marks)
11. State four disadvantages of organic mulch in crop production. (2 Marks)
12. State four problems that may be brought up by hardpan in crop land. (2 Marks)
13. State four pieces of information contained in land title deed. (2 Marks)
14. Differentiate between seedbed and a seedling bed. (2 Marks)
15. Give four reasons why it is difficult to control Sodom apple weed in crop fields. (2 Marks)
16. Give two reasons for imposing quarantine on imported planting materials. (1 Marks)
17. Give four benefits of top dressing in management of grass pasture. (1 Marks)
18. Define the following terms as used in crop production. (1 Mark)
(a) trellishing
(b) stooking.
19. Outline two ways of controlling damping off diseases on vegetable seedlings in nursery.
(1 Mark)
Answer all questions in the spaces provided.
20. The diagram below illustrates a maize crop plant and its produce. Study the diagram and answer
the questions that follow.
(a) Name one disease that attacks the part of the plant labelled D. (1 Mark)
(b) From which section of the produce labeled A, B and C should seeds for planting be obtained?
𝟏
( Mark)
𝟐
(c) Give one reason for the answer given in (b) above. (1 Mark)
𝟏
(d) Which practice is done on part E? ( Mark)
𝟐
(e) State the importance of the practice in the following crops.

𝟏
(i) Maize ( Mark)
𝟐
𝟏
(ii) Irish potato ( Mark)
𝟐
𝟏
(iii) At what stage of growth should the above practice be carried out on maize? ( Mark)
𝟐
(f) A plot measuring 4 M by 3 M was prepared for planting maize at a spacing of 30 cm by 90 cm.
𝟏
Calculate the plant population in the plot. (Show your working). (𝟏 Mark)
𝟐
21. The diagram below shows a silo. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
(a) Identify the type of silo shown. ( 1 Mark)

𝟏
(b) Identify the part labeled P. ( Mark)
𝟐
(c) State the use of the part labeled (1 Mark)

M-…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
N-……………………………………………………………………………………………………
(d) Give two ways of ensuring that anaerobic conditions are achieved during silage making process.
(2 Mark)
𝟏
(e) Name three other types of silage that are used in the farm. (𝟏 Mark)
𝟐
𝟏
(f) Outline three ways in which silage losses occur during ensiling. (𝟏 Mark)
𝟐
22. Use the information on the table below to answer the questions that follow.
Fertilizer input Maize yield Maize product
Units Bags Bags
0 50 _
1 62 12
2 66 4
3 68 2
4 69 1
5 69 0
The cost unit of fertilizer is sh 1500 per unit and price of maize is sh 1200 per bag.
(i) At what unit of fertilizer input should the farmer be advised to stop applying more fertilizer to the
maize. (1 Mark)
(ii) Give a reason for your answer in ( a (i)) above. (1 Mark)
(iii) Calculate the marginal return at the point of optimum production. (1 Mark)
(iv) State the law of diminishing returns in a crop production function process. (1 Mark)
(v) Name and explain three ways of combining inputs in production. (1 Mark)

Answer only two questions. Each question carries 20 Marks.
23. (a) Describe effects of land fragmentation and sub-division. (6 Marks)
b)What advantages does a farmer holding a title deed have over one who does not have a title deed.
(4 Marks)
c) Describe the cultural methods a farmer would employ to control crop diseases. (10 Marks)
24. (a) State the importance of the following during chemical water treatment.
(i) Filtration at water intake. (1 Mark)
(ii) Softening. (1 Mark)
(iii) Chlorination (1 Mark)
(iv) Coagulation and sedimentation. (2 Mark)
(b) State seven roles of a farm manager. (7 Marks)
(c) Explain four ways a farmer can adjust to uncertainty and risks. (8 Marks)
25. (a) Discuss the classification of pesticides according to their mode of action. (10 Marks)
(b) Outline any seven general post-harvesting practices carried out on crops. (7 Marks)
(c) Give three pieces of information a dairy farm manager should collect for planning purposes.
(3 Mark)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 7)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2 (Theory)
TIME: 2 HRS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
 Write your name and index number in the spaces provided.
 Sign and write the date in the spaces provided above
 This paper consists of three section A, B and C
 Answer all the questions in section A and B
 Answer any two questions in section C.
 Answers should be written in the spaces provided in this booklet.
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY:

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE
A 30
B 20
C 20
20
TOTAL 90

1. State four maintenance practices of a forked jembe. (2mks)
2. Fill in the origin for the breeds of livestock shown in the table below. (2mks)
Livestock breed Origin
Friesian cattle
Aberdeen Angus cattle
Large white pig
Boer goat
3. State the importance of keeping livestock healthy. (2mks)
4. Give the functional difference between a pruning knife and a pruning saw. (1mk)
5. Name any two dual purpose breeds of sheep. (1mk)
6. List any four pre-disposing factors of livestock diseases. (2mks)
7. Differentiate between the terms breed and type of animal. (1mk)
8. Give the factors that determine the amount of water taken by an animal. (3mks)
9. List any four causes of livestock diseases. (2mks)
10. Give the reasons for breeding in livestock. (2mks)
11. List the materials used in making walls of farm buildings. (2mks)
12. What is the meaning of the term immunity as used in livestock health. (1mk)
13. State the measures that prevent egg eating in poultry. (2mks)
14. State the signs of heat in pigs. (3mks)
15. Give one use of a screen in a fish pond. (1mk)
16. State two methods of service in livestock. (1mk)
17. Give the advantages of wall fence. (1mk)
18. List the factors considered in sorting and grading eggs for market. (1mk)
SECTION B. (20 MARKS)
19. The diagram X and Y below show the hooves of sheep.
X Y
a) Which one of the two hooves would be more susceptible to foot-rot disease. (1mk)
b) What routine management practice is required on the hoof to control foot rot? (1mk)
c) State four symptoms of hoof rot. (2mks)
20. a) The illustrations below labeled V, W, and X show three different ways some hens were
debeaked.
I II III
i) Which hen was correctly debeaked? (1mk)
ii) State two reasons for your choice in (i) above. (1mk)
b) Name any two tools which would be used for debeaking. (2mks)
21. Below are diagrams illustrating the behaviour of chicks in various brooders. Study the diagrams
and answer the questions that follow:
HEAT SOURCE
FB
C
a) State the environmental problem in each brooder as illustrated by the behaviour of the chicks.
(3mks)
A ………………………………………………………………………………………….
B ………………………………………………………………………………………….
C ………………………………………………………………………………………….
b) State one way of solving the problem in B. (1mk)
22. Below is a diagram of a male goat.
a) What operation is carried out on the part labeled F. (1mk)

b) Why is it necessary to carry out the operation. (2mks)
c) Give any two suitable methods of carrying out the operation in (a) above. (1mk)
23. Below is a diagram of a two-stroke engine cylinder.
a) Name any one farm machine where the above engine is used. (1mk)
b) Identify the parts labeled M, L, and N. (3mks)

Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 26.
24. a) Describe the feeding management of broiler chicks from one day old to slaughtering. (10mks)
b) Describe the routine management practices in dairy calves. (6mks)
c) Describe the factors that affect milk composition. (4mks)
25. a) Describe a blue tick (Boophilus decolaratus) under the following sub-headings.
i) Diseases transmitted. (2mks)
ii) Preferred site of attachment. (3mks)
iii) Non-chemical control measures. (5mks)
b) Discuss mastitis disease under the following sub-headings:
i) Predisposing factors. (5mks)
ii) Control and treatment. (5mks)
26. a) Describe the functions of each of the following parts of a plunge dip. (7mks)
i) Foot bath
ii) Entrance race
iii) Roof
iv) Drainage race
v) Jump
vi) Dip tank
vii) Exit steps.
b) i) Describe the disadvantages of animal power. (5mks)

ii) State the advantages of four-strokes engine over two stroke engines. (3mks)
c) Describe the factors that influence the amount of concentrate a lactating animal would be
given. (5mks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 8)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
2. Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
3. This paper consists of THREE sections; A, B, and C.
4. Answer all questions in sections A and B.
5. Answer any TWO questions in section C.
6. All the questions should be answered in the spaces provided
For Examiners’ Use Only

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidates score
A 1-17 30
B 18-21 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90
SECTION A (30MKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section.
1. Give four reasons why ranching is important in the arid and the semi-arid areas of Kenya. (2mks)
2. Explain three ways on how good transport and communication net-work improves
agricultural production. (11/2mks)
3. (a) A maize farmer at Lumakanda ploughed his land twice using a tractor-drawn disc
plough. What name do we give to the second ploughing. (1/2mk)
(b) State three reasons why rolling of land is recommended before planting some crops. (11/2mks)
4. Define the following terms as used in agriculture. (2mks)
(a) Drainage
(b) Pumping of water
(c) Piping of water
(d) Irrigation
5. What is soil fertility? (1/2mk)
6. (a) A farmer at Bulimbo would obtain Kshs.240,000, if he grew beans, Kshs.200,000 for maize
and kshs.300,000 if he grew sugarcane on his 2 acres piece of land. He chooses to grow sugarcane.
What was the opportunity cost? (1mk)
(b) Give two conditions under which opportunity cost exists. (1mk)
7.(a) What is elasticity of demand? (1mk)
(b) State two conditions that exists for a market to be purely competitive. (1mk)
8. Maize is grown in a plot measuring 4m x 3m at spacing of 7cm x 30cm, 2 seeds per hole.
The outer rows begins 35cm all ground the width of the plot.
(i) Calculate the number of rows falling on the width side of the plot. (1mk)
(ii) Calculate the number of plants per row. (1mk)
9. Give two activities carried out during hardening off of tomato seedlings. (1mk)
10. (a) State three disadvantages of traditional stores. (11/2mks)
(b) Give the meaning of the following practices in crop production. (11/2mks)
(i) Changing of cycle
(ii) Training
(iii) Tipping
11. (a) Name three early maturing cabbage varieties. (1/2mk)
(b) Give a reason why well rotten manure is not recommended in production of carrots. (1/2mk)
12. (a) Explain two ways how trees help in soil and water conservation. (1mk)
(b) Differentiate between level and graded terraces. (1mk)
13.Distinguish between the intensity of defoliation and frequency of defoliation in pasture
management. (1mk)
14. (a) List two signs shown by crops when they are attacked by nematodes. (1mk)
(b) Define the term “economic injury level” (EIL) of a crop. (1mk)
15.Give two reasons why a bean plant growing in a carrot crop field may be treated as a weed.
(1mk)
16. Fill in the missing blanks in the table below. (2mks)
Fixed factor Variable input Total product Marginal product Average products
land (Ha) NCK fertilizer maize (90kg bag) maize (90kg bag) maize (90kg bag)
(kg)
1 30 10 10 (c)
1 60 27 (a) 13.5
1 90 42 15 14
1 120 56 (b) (d)
17.(a) What is the meaning of the following in agroforestry. (1mk)

(i) Pruning
(ii) Looping
(b) Name two trees that are used as livestock feeds. (1mk)
SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer ALL the questions in this section.
18.The Sacred Heart Girls High School, Mukumu Form Four student was to apply a
compound fertilizer 5:20:10 at the rate of 200kg/Ha on her agricultural project plot measuring
3m x 4m.
(a) (What do the figures 5 and 10 in the compound fertilizer stand for? (2mks)
(b) Calculate the amount of fertilizer she would require for the plot. (show your working)
(3mks)
19. The diagram below illustrates an experiment on soil.
(a) State the aim of the experiment. (1mk)

(b) If the volume of water illustrated in the measuring cylinder was observed after the hour.
Identify the soil sample A and B. (2mks)
(c) State two ways in which the soil structure of the sample labelled C above can be
improved. (2mks)
20. The diagram below shows a crop disease. Use it to answer questions that follow.
(a) Identify the crop disease. (1mk)

(b) Name two other crops apart from the one shown above that are attacked by the same
disease. (2mks)
(c) State two control measures of the above disease. (2mks)
21. The diagrams below show some common weeds in East Africa.
(a) Name the class of weeds that in which the above weeds belong basing on morphology. (1mk)
(b) Identify two weeds that lower the work output of human labour on the farm. (2mks)
(c) Give two reasons why it is difficult to control weed B by cultivation. (2mks)

SECTION C (40MKS)
Answer ANY TWO questions in this section.
22. (a) Describe the production of tomatoes (Lycoperscon escalentum)
(i) Ecological requirements. (3mks)
(ii) Transplanting (3mks)
(iii) Field management practices (4mks)
(b) State five measures of which are taken to minimize water pollution in the farm. (5mks)
(c) Describe precautions to be observed when harvesting pyrethrum. (5mks)
23. (a) Describe six physical /structural methods of controlling soil erosion. (6mks)
(b) Explain four practices of maintaining soil fertility. (4mks)
(c)Describe five principles of crop rotation. (5mks)
(d) State five conditions that necessitate effective settlement of people. (5mks)
24. (a) Describe six importances of budding and grafting in crop propagation. (6mks)
(b) State six factors that will lead to wider spacing when planting a crop. (6mks)
(c) The following information was obtained from Mr. Oseso’s Farming Enterprise. Use
it to prepare cash analysis for the year. (8mks)
Kshs.
30/6/2003 - Cash at bank (opening balance) 50,000
01/7/2003 - Bought 20 empty egg trays 400
01/7/2003 - Bought 5 bags of DAP fertilizer 10,000
01/7/2003 - Sold 10 trays of eggs 12,000
01/7/2003 - Bought 5 bags of broilers starter 7,500
01/7/2003 - Sold milk 200kg bag 4,000
20/7/2003 - Sold maize 6,000
30/7/2003 - Bought milk churn 500
31/12/2003 Closed the financial year

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 8)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2 (THEORY)
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
1. Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above
2. Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
3. This paper consists of THREE sections; A, B, and C.
4. Answer all questions in sections A and B.
5. Answer any TWO questions in section C.
6. All the questions should be answered in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINERS’ USE ONLY

Section Questions Maximum Score Candidates score
A 1-12 30
B 13-16 20
C 20
20
TOTAL SCORE 90

SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
1. (a) Name three factors that dictate distribution of livestock in Kenya. (1½ mks)
(b) Name a breed of goats that is brown in colour with two white stripes running from the eyes to the
nose. (1/2 mks)
2. (a) Give two reasons why proper storage of tools is important. (1mk)
(b) Name two tools that are recommended for layout and marking. (1mk)
3. (a) How does a vaccine work? (1mk)
(b) What causes the following conditions in livestock?
(i) Osteomalacia (½ mk)
(ii) Parturient paresis (milk fever) (1/2 mk)
4. Name four tick borne diseases in livestock. (2mks)
5. (a) What is the function of esophageal groove in a ruminant (1mk)
(b) List two methods of ration computation. (2mks)
6. State four advantages of using contemporary comparison as a method of selection in livestock.
(2mks)
7. (a) What is a notifiable disease? (1/2mks)
(b) List three examples of notifiable diseases. (1½mks)
8. Give four causes of high mortality in Piglets. (2mks)
9. (a) State two disadvantages of using metal frames in construction of farm building. (1mk)
(b) List any two wood preservatives. (1mk)
10. (a) State four factors to consider when selecting eggs for incubation. (2mks)
(b) State four functions of the egg shell. (2mks)
11.(a) State four qualities of colostrum which make it suitable for feeding newly born calf. (2mks)
(b) What is dry cow therapy? (1mk)
12.(a) State four field conditions under which a disc plough is preferred instead of mouldboard
plough. (2mks)
(b) Name four implements that are operated by the power take off (P.T.O) shaft. (2mks)

13. The diagram below shows an auger bit. Use it to answer questions that follow:
(a) Name the part labelled X and Y. (2mks)

(b) Give the function of the part labelled N. (1mk)
(c) List two other bits other than the one shown above. (2mks)

14.The diagram below shows the digestive system in poultry. Use it to answer the following
questions.
(a) Name the parts labelled E and H. (2mks)

(b) Give the function of part F. (1mk)
(c) State two ways in which the part labelled G is adapted to its function. (2mks)
15.The diagram below shows a routine practice being carried out on an animal. Study it and answer
the questions that follow.
(a) Identify the practice. (1mk)

(b) Name the structure in which the practice is being carried out. (1mk)
(c) State three advantages of using the above structure instead of plunge dip. (3mks)

16. Study the picture of the system of rearing poultry and use it to answer questions that follow:
(a) Identify the system of poultry rearing shown above. (1mk)

(b) Name two other systems of rearing poultry apart from the one shown above. (2mks)
(c) State two advantages of using the above system. (2mks)
Answer ANY TWO questions from this section
17. (a) Describe gumboro disease under the following sub-headings
(i) Animals affected (1mk)
(ii) Causal organism (1mk)
(iii) Incubation (1mk)
(iv) Symptoms of attack (5mks)
(v) Control (2mks)
(b) Describe five characteristic of Romney marsh dual purpose sheep. (5mks)
(c) State five functions of the lubrication system. (5mks)
18. (a) Describe how natural incubation is carried out and managed. (8mks)
(b) Explain seven mechanical methods of controlling ticks. (7mks)
(c) State five advantages of embryo transplant. (5mks)
19. (a) Describe the procedure of training a calf for bucket feeding. (7mks)
(b) Describe Eight measures to be observed when handling bees. (8mks
(c) State five signs of ill-health observed on the animal’s skin and coat. (5mks).

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 9)
AGRICULTURE
443/1
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
Instructions to Candidates
 Write your name, index number in the spaces provided.
 This paper has three sections A, B and C.
 Answer all the questions in section A and B in the spaces provided.
 Answer any two questions in section C
SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S
SCORE SCORE
A 1 – 19 30
B 20-23 20
C 24-26 40
Total Score 90

Answer All the Questions in This Section in the Spaces Provided
1. State four farming activities that may improve soil structure. (2 marks)
2. Name three types of legume trees used as fodder. (1½ marks)
3. State three effects of low temperature on crop production. (1½ marks)
4. Give three reasons for drying grains to 21% moisture content after harvesting. (2 marks)
5. State four parameters of national economic development. (2 marks)
6. Outline two conditions that favors nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. (2 marks)
7. State three factors that determine the depth of planting seeds. (1½ marks)
8. State three factors that will determine the selectivity of herbicide in chemical weed control.
(1 ½ mark)
9. Outline four factors that affect the quality of farmyard manure. (2 marks)
10. Name three basic concepts of economics (1½ marks)
11. State four importance of tissue culture. (2 marks)
12. Give two methods used to drain farmland. (1 mark)
13. State four factors to consider when designing a sound farm plan. (2 marks)
14. Nam four improper farming methods that increase the rate of soil erosion. (2 marks)
15. Outline four pieces of information contained in a land title deed. (2 marks)
16. Differentiate between a nursery bed and a seedbed. (1 mark)
17. Name three macro nutrients whose deficiency symptoms is chlorosis. (1½ marks)
18. Define Agriculture. (½ mark)
19. Give two reasons for sub soiling (1 mark)

Answer All the Questions in the Spaces Provided
20. After soil sampling and testing a farmer was advised to apply 200kg of nitrogen per hectare in his
2 hectare farm. If the farmer has only diammonium phosphate (D.A.P) 18:46:0 at his disposal;
(a) Calculate the amount of D.A.P he would require (1½ marks)
(b) Calculate the amount of P205 he will have applied per hectare. (1½ marks)
(c) State two symptoms the farmer would have observed on the maize crops if he applied excess
nitrogen. (2 marks)
21. The diagram below shows a common weed plant.

(a) Identify the weed………………………………………………………………………(1 mark)
(b) Why is it difficult to eradicate the above weed? (1 mark)
(c) Name two biological weed control methods. (2 marks)
(d) Name one economic importance of the above weed. (1 mark)
22. The diagram below show a method of crop propagation. Study it and answer the question that
follows:
(a) Identify the method. (1 mark)

(b) State one advantage of the above method over the other methods of crop propagation. (2 marks)
(c) State three factors which influence the rooting of cutting in vegetable propagation (3 marks)
23. The diagram below shows a tomato fruit affected by a pest. Study it carefully then answer the
(a) Identify the pest labeled P. (1 mark)

(b) State two methods used to control the pest. (2 marks)
(c) State any two factors to consider when selecting tomato fruits for marketing. (2 marks)

Answer Any Two Questions From This Section In The Spaces Provided.
24. (a) Outline the various uses of water in a mixed farm. (10 marks)
(b) Describe five methods of draining water from a marshy land. (10 marks)
25. (a) Describe five field management practices carried out in tomatoes production. (10 marks)
(b) Describe five cultural practices used in soil and water conservation (10 marks)
26. (a) Explain five factors that would influence the spacing of a particular crop in the field.
(10 marks)
(b) Describe five practices that a farmer should carry out to ensure uniform germination of seeds
(5 marks)
(c) State five factors that determine the stages of harvesting crops. (5 marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 9)
AGRICULTURE
443/2
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………………………………………..
SCHOOL……………………………………………… SIGN………………………..
INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………
Instructions to Candidates:
a) Write your name and index number in spaces provided above
b) This paper consists of THREE sections: A, B and C
c) Answer all questions in Section A and B.
d) All answers should be written in the spaces provided on this question paper.
e) Candidates should answer the questions in English.
f) Answer any two questions in section C
For Examiner’s use only
Section Questions Maximum Score Candidate’s Score
A 1 – 18 30
B 19 - 23 20
24 20
25 20
C 26 20
TOTAL SCORE 90

SECTION A [30 MARKS]
Answer All The Questions in The Spaces Provided.
1. State two factors that may cause ewes not to conceive after service. [1 mark]
2. State three signs of anthrax infection disease observed in the carcass of cattle [11/2 mark]
3. State three adjustment that should be carried out on a tractor-mounted moldboard plough in
preparation for ploughing. [1 ½ mark]
4. Outline two main characteristics of the Bactrian camel breed. (1 mark)
5. State four construction features necessary in a fish pond. [2 marks]
6. State four conditions that would encourage hens to eat eggs in poultry production.[2 marks]
7. What is the reason for turning eggs regularly during incubation? (1 mark)
8. State four practices that should be carried out on wooden fencing posts to make them last long.
[2 marks]
9. Name four structures which would assist in the control of livestock parasites on a farm.
[2 marks]
10. Give two benefits of providing enough nutrients to livestock for proper health. [1 mark]
11. Give two harmful effects of ticks in sheep. [2 marks]
12. State four roles of worker bees in a colony. [2 marks]
13. State the role of the crop in digestive system of a hen. [2 marks]
14. State four reasons for castration in pig production. [2 marks]
15. State two benefits of guard rails to piglets in a farrowing pen? [1 mark]
16. State the role of a foot bath in a cattle Dip. (1 mark)
17. Distinguish between the following practices as used in livestock production.
(a). Crutching and ringing in sheep production. (2 marks)
(b). Cropping and harvesting in fish farming. (2 marks)
18. State two characteristics of a poor layer in poultry production. (1 mark)
SECTION B [20 MARKS]

Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
19. A pig farmer in sugoi is required to prepare 100kg of sow and weaner meal containing 20%
digestible crudeprotein (D.C.P). Calculate the quantity of soya bean (50%) D.C.P) and rice (16%
D.C.P) the farmer requires for the meal. Use the Pearson’s square method. (4 marks)

20. The diagram below represent farm tools and equipment. Study them and answer the questions that
follow.
(a). Identify the tool/equipment labelled B and C. (1 mark)

(b). State the role of C and D (2 marks)
(c). Give two maintenance practices for the equipment labelled A. (1 mark)
21. The diagram below shows the reproductive system of a cow study it carefully and answer the
(a). Name the parts labelled J and G. (2 marks)

(b). Give two functions of the part labelled F. (2 marks)
(c). Give the role of the part labelled H. (1 mark)

22. The diagrams K, L, M and N below show four possible ways of drawing milk from the teat of a
cow during milking.
(a). Which diagram shows the proper way of drawing milk. (1 mark)
(b). How long should I take to milk a cow from the start to the end of milking. (1 mark)
(c). How would a milkman ensure that no milk remains in the udder at the end of milking?
(1 mark)
(d). State two disadvantages of using wrong milking method. (2 marks)
23. Below is a table showing names given various livestock animals at various stages of growth. Fill
in the Blank spaces. (2 marks)
Stage Name
Pigs Cattle Poultry
Mature male for breeding cock
Young female before first Gilt Pullet
parturition
Young one from calf chick
birth/hatching to meaning

SECTION C. (40 MARKS)
Answer any two questions in this section in space provided at the back..
24. (a). Describe the management of growers up to the point of lay. (10 marks)
(b). Describe ten management practices carried out on cattle during parturition. (10 marks)
25. (a). Name the strokes in a four stroke engine and describe how each operates. (12 marks)
(b). Describe the functions of the gear box in a tractor. (8 marks)
26. (a). Name and describe the features of an ideal calf pen. (8 marks)
(b). Discuss pneumonia in calves under the following sub-headings:
(i). predisposing factors (4 marks)
(ii). symptoms (5 marks)
(iii). Control measures. (3 marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 10)
443/1
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 1
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………. ADM NO; ……………………

CLASS……………………………………………………… DATE………………………
SIGN: ………………………………………………………..
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIADATES
1. Write your name, admission number and class
2. This paper contains three sections
3. Answer all question in section A and B
4. In section C answer any two questions
For examiner’s use only

SCORE SCORE
A 1 -15 30
B 16-19 20
C 20
20
Total score 90

SECTION A 30 MARKS
Answer all question
1. Name two physical agents of weathering (1 marks)
2. Outline three methods of breaking seed dormancy (1 ½ marks)
3. List two signs shown by crops when they are attacked by nematodes (1 marks)
4. Distinguish between soil structure and soil texture (2 marks)
5. State any three examples of working capital (1 ½ marks)
6. What is Land reform: (1 mark)
(b) State any four methods of land reform (2 marks)
7. Mention four ways in which losses may be incurred during hay making. (2marks)
8. Give two precautions taken to ensure good crop establishment during planting. (1mark)
9.(a) Define inventory records. (1mark)
b). State four pieces of information that is contained in health records. (2marks)
10)a. List four problems associated with nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. (2marks)
(b) Name four factors of production in agriculture. (2marks)
11. List two farming practices that can be carried out to increase the amount of light harnessed by
crops. (2marks)
12. State four reasons why land is prepared before planting (2marks)
13. Give one reason in each case why the following tertiary operations are important. (3marks)
i) Ridging
ii) Rolling
iii) Leveling
14. Distinguish the following terms as used in pasture management. (2marks)
a. Intensity of defoliation
b. Frequency of defoliation
15. What does the term ‘close season’ in crop production mean? (1mark)

SECTION B
Answer All Question
16. Use the following crops to answer the questions that follow.
D E
a) Name the crops labelled D and E above. (2mark)
b) Why is crop D rarely destroyed by pests in the stores? (1mark)
c) Name any two diseases that affect crop E. (2marks)
17. The diagram F, below illustrates a method of training in crops.
i) Identify the method shown in F above. (1mark)

ii) Name two other methods used in training in crop production. (1mark)
iii) State two advantages of training in crop production. (2mark)
iv) List two crops that require training. (1mark)

18.a) Describe the procedure which should be followed in spraying a crop of tomatoes using a
fungicide in powder form, water and knapsack sprayer. (3 marks)
(b) State two safety measures that should be taken while spraying the crop with fungicide
(2 marks)
19. The diagram below illustrate an experiment on soil
a) State the aim of the experiment (1 mark)

b) If the volume of water illustrated in the measuring cylinder was observed after one hour.
Identify the soil sample A and B
Soil A……………………………………………………………………………….. (1 mark)
Soil B………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
c) State two ways in which the soil structure of the sample labelled c above can be improved.
(2 marks)
SECTION C 40 MARKS
Answer Only Two Questions
20. a) Giving one example in each case, identify three classes of crop diseases. (6marks)
b) Describe the physical measures of disease control in crops. (10marks)
c) Identify the factors affecting the efficiency of pesticides (4marks)
21).Describe the production of tomatoes (Lycoperiscon esculentum) under the following
subheadings.
(a) Ecological requirements (4marks)
(b) Nursery establishment (4marks)
(c) Transplanting (4marks)
(d) Seed bed preparation (4marks)
(e) Field management practices (4marks)
22. a) State and explain five agricultural services available to farmers. (10marks)
b) Explain the ways in which labour efficiency can be increased in the farm (5marks)
c) State any five measures which are taken to minimize water pollution In the farm. (5marks)

(POSSIBLE TRIAL 10)
443/2
AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2
TIME: 2 HOURS
NAME……………………………………………………. ADM NO; ……………………

CLASS……………………………………………………… DATE………………………
SIGN: ………………………………………………………..
a) Write your name, admission number and class in the spaces provided above.
b) Sign and write the date of the examination in the spaces provided above.
c) This paper consists of three sections : A, B and C.
d) Answer all question in section A and B.
e) Answer any two questions in section C.
i) Candidates must answer all the questions in English.

SCORE SCORE
A 1 -15 30
B 16-19 20
C 20
20
Total score 90

Answer All The Questions In This Section In The Space Provided.
1. Name one breed of livestock under each of the following categories. (2mks)
a) Dairy cattle breeds.
b) Dual purpose sheep breeds.
c) Dual purpose cattle breeds.
d) Hair goat.
2. State two importance of litter in a poultry house. (1mk)
3. State one way of connecting a trailer to a tractor. (1mk)
4. State two functions of the crop in the digestive system of poultry. (1mk)
5. State the functional differences between the following. (2mks)
a) Cross cut saw and rip saw.
b) Wood chisel and cold chisel.
6. State four functions of the worker bees in a bee colony. (2mks)
7. State four maintenance practices carried out on a fish pond. (2mks)
8. Give the meaning of the following terms as used in livestock breeding.
a) Close breeding. (2mks)
b) Line breeding
c) Out crossing.
d) Cross breeding.
9. State four egg abornomalities observed during egg candling. (2mks)
10. Give four reasons why an animal may be culled. (2mks)
11. Give the meaning of the following terms as used in livestock health. (2mks)
a) Predisposing factors.
b) Incubation period.
12. Name two appropriate hand tools needed to finish the handle of a jembe. (1mk)
13. State four ways of controlling lice in poultry. (2mks)
14. State four limitations of a tractor as a source of power on the farm. (2mks)
15. State four reasons for feeding a lamb on colostrum. (2mks)
16. State four disadvantages of fold systems in poultry rearing. (2mks)
17. State four ways in which disease causing organism can gain access into an animal. (2mks)

Answer All The Questions In The Spacaes Provided.
18. a) A farmer is required to prepare 200kg of dairy meal containing 16% DCP. Using the
pearson’s square method, Calculate the quantity of sunflower seed cake (28% DCP) and maize
germ (8 % DCP) the farmer requires for the dairy meal. (Show your working). (4mks)
b) Apart from the method used above, name the other method used in computation of feed rations.
(1mk)
19. The diagrams below illustrate behavior of chicks in a brooder.
a) Describe the behavior of chicks in brooders labeled Q,R and S. (3mks)

b) State two other observable behavior of chicks in brooder labeled P other than the behavior shown
above. (2mks)
20. The diagram below represents part of a roof. Study the diagram and answer the questions
that follow
a) Name the parts G, H, J and K. (2mks)

b) State two functions of the roof illustrated above. (1mk)
c) Give the collective term for the parts labeled H, J and L. (1mk)
21. Study the illustration below and answer the questions that follow.
a) Identify the implement illustrated above. (1mk)

b) Name the part labeled E,F,G and H. (2mks)
c) State two ways in which the depth of ploughing can be increased when using the implement
above. (2mks)
Answer Any Two Questions In This Section In The Spaces Provided.
22. a) Outline the daily maintenance practices that should be carried out on a farm tractor.
(10mks)
b) Describe the body conformation features of a dairy cattle. (5mks)
c) State five reasons for maintaining livestock healthy. (5mks)
23. a) Describe how a four stroke cycle petrol engine works. (8mks)
b) State and explain any six factors that should be considered when sitting farm structures.
(12mks)
24. a) Describe mastitis in dairy cattle under the following subheadings.
i. Predisposing factor. (4mks)
ii. Symptoms of attack. (3mks)
b) Outline eight symptoms of tape worm infestation in cattle. (8mks)
c) State five ways of stimulating a cow for milk let down. (5mks)

The end

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KCSE 2024 REPLICA

(PREDICTION EXAMS 1-10)

Confidential set of Possible Questions likely to be examined in the forthcoming

The following are Questions to expect in KCSE 2024 EXAMS.

For Marking Schemes

THE KEY TO SUCCESS!

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………..

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

FOR EXAMINERS USE ONLY

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

a) Name the curves. (2 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

For Examiners use only.

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

Indicate below each diagram the conditions in the brooder. (4 mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

a) What activity is going on in the diagram F? ( ½ mk)

a) Name the parts labelled.

a) Briefly explain what is happening in the following stages. (2 mks)

24. (a) Describe six effects of parasite on livestock (6 mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

For Examiner’s Use Only

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

a) Identify the type of manure being prepared (1mk)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

a) Identify the type of erosion illustrated above; (1mk)

22. a) Describe the procedure of silage making (10mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

a) Identify the parts labelled A, B, C (3mks)

a) Identify parasites C.D and E (3mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

(a) Identity the practice being carried out/ (1mk)

(a) Name the parts labelled M,N,P (3mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

25. State the maintenance practices of a mouldbord plough/ (5mks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

INDEX NO……………………………………………. ADM NO……………………

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education.

For Examiner’s Use Only

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

(i) Name the structure illustrated above (1 mark)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000

(i) Name the type of farm records illustrated above. (1 mark)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

22. i) State five causes of land fragmentation. (5 marks)

For Marking Schemes Contact 0746-222-000 / 0742-999-000