Lesson

4-5:
Verbal and Non
Verbal
communication
Types of
communication
based on channels
Verbal and Non-Verbal
Communication
 verbal
communication
 CODE
- Is a systematic arrangement
of letters, figures, symbols,
and or words through which
a message is transmitted or
communicated.
 WORD
- Is a verbal symbol and it is a
distinct meaningful element of
language.
- In writing, the letters of the
alphabet and their combinations
represent the sounds that
compose a word.
 BRANCHES OF LINGUISTICS

SEMANTICS
MORPHOLOGY

PHONOLOGY
PRAGMATICS

SYNTAX
 SEMANTICS: The study of meanings of the
words and phrases in language.

Denotation: Meaning of the word from the

dictionary.

Connotation: An idea or quality that a word

makes you think about in addition to its
meaning.

PHONOLOGY: The study of speech

sounds used in a language.
SYNTAX: The way in which words
are put together to form phrases,
clauses, or sentences.

MORPHOLOGY: The study and description of

how words are formed in language.

PRAGMATICS: The study of what

words mean in particular situations.
 TYPES OF MEANING
(Flowerdew and Miller 2005)
 PHONOLOGICAL MEANING
- Phonology is the study of sounds.
- Requires a focus on distinctive
sounds that form a word so that we
can arrive at word meaning
- Differences in word meaning may be
attributed to the differences of
vowel sounds, consonant sounds,
stress, pauses, or intonations.
Identifying Word Signal

Study the examples

below and identify
the signal that make
the meanings of
words distinct from
the others.
• Example
A.Let us use a map so that we can
reach our destination test.
Answer: Vowel sound (a)

B. The janitor uses a mop in

cleaning the floor.
Answer: Vowel sound (o)
1. A. I saw a bear in the jungle.
B. She saw a tear in the pants.
2. A. A pet is what she needs to relieve her
of tension
B. A pat on the shoulder is enough to
comfort a friend
3. A. I saw your record of absences and its
really alarming.
B. Please record the time you started
reading the text and the time you finish
reading it.
4. A. Take a picture of any object
that you will see inside the cave.
B. I object your decision to quit
because you are a valuable
player in our team.
5. A. Be careful with your steps
for you might fall into a deep pit.
B. Don’t worry. She is fit to work.
SEMANTIC MEANING
- Is relating to meaning or
arising from distinctions
between the meanings of
different words or
symbols
A. Homonyms and Heteronyms
• HOMONYMS – are words with
similar sounds but they differ in
meaning.
• Examples:
Site- Cite – Sight
Night – Knight
Plight- Flight
 Heteronyms
These are words with similar
spelling but have different
pronunciations and different
meaning
Examples:
1. Please excuse me because I will
just give an excuse letter to my
adviser
 COMPOUND WORDS
These consist of two words that are
joined together to create a new word
with a new meaning
Examples:
Softball Editor-in-chief
Volleyball Pencil case
Doorbell Door knob
 Activity
Study the compound words below
and identify if they have similar
meaning.
1. A. Some diplomats will visit the White House
for a courtesy call to the US President.
B. We saw a white house in the village.
2. A. I bought a toy house for my two-year-old
niece.
B. Sheila regularly brings her child to Toy
House to buy her favorite toys.
3. A. Some restaurants have smoking room for
people who cannot resist smoking cigarettes.
B. There is no smoking room in any school.
SYNTACTIC MEANING
We derive meaning from the way words
are put together. The sequence or
arrangement of words in a sentence
helps us to make meaning.
Example
A.I saw a big snake behind a huge tree.
B. Behind a huge tree is a big snake.
Why do you need to identify the difference of
the statement if you know that there is no
difference at all?

A. I saw a big snake behind a huge tree.

Narrative statement/format:
Active Sentence/voice: means that a sentence
has a subject that acts upon its verb.
Sentence structure: S + V + Prepositional
Phrase

B. Behind a huge tree is a big snake.

Descriptive Statement/format:
Passive sentence/voice: means that a subject is
a recipient of a verb's action.
Sentence Structure: Prepositional Phrase + V + S
To simplify....

Verbal
communication is
communication
involving words, both
spoken and written.
 Types of Verbal Communication!!!
• Intrapersonal Communication. This form
of communication is extremely private and
restricted to ourselves. ...
• Interpersonal Communication. This form
of communication takes place between two
individuals and is thus a one-on-one conversation.
• Small Group Communication.
• Public Communication.
 NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
- Is a process of conveying
one’s underlying meaning
through gestures, facial
expressions, and eye
contact.
 Principles and functions of
Non-Verbal Communication
1. Non-verbal communication conveys
important interpersonal and emotional
messages.
Example:
Classmate: What are you doing?
Implication: Not merely asking but has a deeper
meaning like spying on your private affair out
of envy. You can deduce one’s real intention
from his non-verbal communication-gestures,
expressions and eye contact
2. Non-verbal communication is more
involuntary than verbal.
- We cannot fake our emotion
- Unconsciously, we show our emotions
through our facial expressions, gestures
and the tones our voices.
Example
You met an old friend who betrayed you.
You have not seen each other for a year.
What will you do?
- Of course, you will greet him,
but you will not hug or kiss
her and excitedly say “I miss
you.” instead, you will more
likely say, “Hi” and smile a
little. That is normal because
you cannot hide your
emotion.
3. Non-verbal communication is
ambiguous.
- Verbal communication follows rules of
grammar unlike non-verbal
communication.
- Understanding the meaning of a specific
gesture alone may prove to be difficult
because its meaning varies.
Somebody winks at you.
What does it mean?
She shares a secret with you.
 TYPES OF
NON-VERBAL
COMMUNICATION
 KINESICS
-simply called body language
- Deals with physical movement
- Includes facial expressions, gestures, and
posture
Examples of facial expressions
a. Smiling – happiness
b. Nodding – sign of agreement
c. Headshake – sign of disagreement
Kinesics. The word kinesics comes
from the root word kinesis, which
means “movement,” and refers to the
study of hand, arm, body, and face
movements. Specifically, this section
will outline the use of gestures, head
movements and posture, eye contact,
and facial expressions as nonverbal
communication.
Kenesics
Haptics is a form of non- verbal
communication using a sense of touch.
Some forms of Haptics communication is
Handshake, or a gentle pat on back, or a
high five. The sense of touch allows one to
experience different sensations.
A great number of cultural expressions are achieved
through touch. In America, for example, using a firm
handshake is considered appropriate to greet a
stranger or another business professional. In France,
however, it is common to kiss someone you greet on
both cheeks. Touching children on the head is fine in
North America. Yet in Asia, this is considered highly
inappropriate, as the head is considered a sacred part
of the body. In the Middle East, the left hand is
customarily used to handle bodily hygiene. Therefore,
using that hand to accept a gift or shake hands is
considered extremely rude. There are also a wide
range of cultural viewpoints on the appropriate rules
regarding physical contact between both similar and
opposite genders.
HAPTICS
• Proxemics refers to the study of how space
and distance influence communication. We only
need look at the ways in which space shows up
in common metaphors to see that space,
communication, and relationships are closely
related. For example, when we are content
with and attracted to someone, we say we are
“close” to him or her. When we lose
connection with someone, we may say he or
she is “distant.”
Chronemics is the study of the use of time
in nonverbal communication. Time
perceptions include punctuality, willingness
to wait, and interactions. The use of time can
affect lifestyles, daily agendas, speed of
speech, movements and how long people are
willing to listen.
In reality, though, silence can be a very
effective communication tool.
... Communication is simply about conveying a
message, and sometimes silence can do that
better than any words. You may have heard
the statistic that 93 percent
of communication is nonverbal.
Some forms of paralanguage are based on
physical features of spoken language, such
as facial expressions, like a smirk, or
gestures, like pointing. Others are rooted in
vocal elements, like voiced pauses such as
'um,' and 'hmm', or intonation, which
describes the pitch and volume of a person's
speech.